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Wörthmüller J, Salicio V, Oberson A, Blum W, Schwaller B. Modulation of Calretinin Expression in Human Mesothelioma Cells Reveals the Implication of the FAK and Wnt Signaling Pathways in Conferring Chemoresistance towards Cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215391. [PMID: 31671889 PMCID: PMC6873109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive asbestos-linked neoplasm, characterized by dysregulation of signaling pathways. Due to intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance, MM treatment options remain limited. Calretinin is a Ca2+-binding protein expressed during MM tumorigenesis that activates the FAK signaling pathway, promoting invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Constitutive calretinin downregulation decreases MM cells’ growth and survival, and impairs tumor formation in vivo. In order to evaluate early molecular events occurring during calretinin downregulation, we generated a tightly controlled IPTG-inducible expression system to modulate calretinin levels in vitro. Calretinin downregulation significantly reduced viability and proliferation of MM cells, attenuated FAK signaling and reduced the invasive phenotype of surviving cells. Importantly, surviving cells showed a higher resistance to cisplatin due to increased Wnt signaling. This resistance was abrogated by the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 3289-8625. In various MM cell lines and regardless of calretinin expression levels, blocking of FAK signaling activated the Wnt signaling pathway and vice versa. Thus, blocking both pathways had the strongest impact on MM cell proliferation and survival. Chemoresistance mechanisms in MM cells have resulted in a failure of single-agent therapies. Targeting of multiple components of key signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling, might be the future method-of-choice to treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Wörthmüller
- Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Valérie Salicio
- Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Oberson
- Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | | | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Zheng H, Tao YP, Chen FQ, Li HF, Zhang ZD, Zhou XX, Yang Y, Zhou WP. Temporary Ischemia Time Before Snap Freezing Is Important for Maintaining High-Integrity RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:425-432. [PMID: 31025876 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Tao
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Qiu Chen
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Biobank of Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Fen Li
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-De Zhang
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Xun Zhou
- Shanghai Avantech Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- National Liver Tissue Bank, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Calretinin promotes invasiveness and EMT in malignant mesothelioma cells involving the activation of the FAK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36256-36272. [PMID: 30555628 PMCID: PMC6284738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calretinin (CR) is used as a positive marker for human malignant mesothelioma (MM) and is essential for mesothelioma cell growth/survival. Yet, the putative role(s) of CR during MM formation in vivo, binding partners or CR's influence on specific signaling pathways remain unknown. We assessed the effect of CR overexpression in the human MM cell lines MSTO-211H and SPC111. CR overexpression augmented the migration and invasion of MM cells in vitro. These effects involved the activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway, since levels of total FAK and phospho-FAK (Tyr397) were found up-regulated in these cells. CR was also implicated in controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), evidenced by changes of the cell morphology and up-regulation of typical EMT markers. Co-IP experiments revealed FAK as a new binding partner of CR. CR co-localized with FAK at focal adhesion sites; moreover, CR-overexpressing cells displayed enhanced nuclear FAK accumulation and an increased resistance towards the FAK inhibitor VS-6063. Finally, CR downregulation via a lentiviral shRNA against CR (CALB2) resulted in a significantly reduced tumor formation in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model based on peritoneal MM cell injection. Our results indicate that CR might be considered as a possible target for MM treatment.
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Song SY, Jun J, Park M, Park SK, Choi W, Park K, Jang KT, Lee M. Biobanking of Fresh-Frozen Cancer Tissue: RNA Is Stable Independent of Tissue Type with Less Than 1 Hour of Cold Ischemia. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 16:28-35. [PMID: 29148824 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of preanalytical variables in tissue processing and storage periods on RNA quality of tissues have been well documented in each type of cancer. However, few studies have been performed on a comparative assessment of the impacts across different cancer tissues, even though it is well known that RNase activity is highly variable in various tissue types and RNase-rich tissues have been found to yield low-quality RNA. METHODS We investigated the impacts of cold ischemia times and long-term storage on RNA integrity in various types of cancer tissue, which had been fresh-frozen and collected at the Samsung Medical Center Biobank. RNA quality was also evaluated with regard to histopathological variables. We analyzed RNA integrity number (RIN) data, which had been obtained from our quality control (QC) processes over the last 7 years. Approximately 2% of samples were randomly selected and processed to measure RIN quarterly and after 6 years of storage for QC purposes. RESULTS Fresh-frozen tumor tissues yielded high-quality RNA regardless of tumor type and histopathological features. Up to 1-hour cold ischemia times and up to 6-year storage times did not adversely influence RNA integrity. Only 3 samples showed RIN of <7 out of a total of 396 analyzed tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Tissue quality was not adversely affected by long-term storage or limited variations of cold ischemia times. The low-quality samples could be correlated with the structural composition or intratumoral heterogeneity of tissues. The strict application of standardized protocols for tissue collection is the key for high-quality biobanking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yong Song
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghyun Jun
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Miyeon Park
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Kyu Park
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonju Choi
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Park
- 3 Samsung Genome Institute , Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoyong Lee
- 1 Biobank, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
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Rat mesothelioma cell proliferation requires p38δ mitogen activated protein kinase and C/EBP-α. Lung Cancer 2011; 73:166-70. [PMID: 21227534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pleural malignant mesothelioma is a rare but deadly tumour mainly induced by asbestos inhalation. Despite the ban of asbestos in 1990 in 52 countries, mesothelioma cases still increase worldwide. In pleural mesothelioma, p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been suggested to play a major role in carcinogenesis and aggressiveness of tumours. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the different four p38 MAPK isoforms and their effect on proliferation together with the underlying signalling pathways in a rat pleural mesothelioma cell line. Rat pleural mesothelioma cells were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and/or transforming growth factor beta (TGF)-β. MAPK and transcription factor expression and activation was monitored in the cytosol and nucleus by immuno-blotting. Proliferation was determined by manual cell count and siRNAs were used to control MAPK and transcription factor expression and action. Only PDGF-BB, but not TGF-β1 induced proliferation via activated Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK. The p38α and δ isoforms were expressed in the cytosol, and upon activation p38δ translocated into the nucleus, while p38α remained in the cytosol. No other p38 isoform was expressed by rat mesothelioma cells. C/EBP-α was found in both the cytosol and the nucleus, while C/EBP-β was not expressed at all. PDGF-BB induced proliferation was suppressed by down-regulation of either Erk1/2, or p38δ MAPK, or C/EBP-α. Furthermore, TGF-β inhibited PDGF-BB induced proliferation by interruption of p38 MAPK signalling. From this rat model, we conclude that in pleural mesothelioma, p38δ in C/EBP-α mediate proliferation and thus may represent new targets in mesothelioma therapy.
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