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Nuñez LFN, Chacón RD, Charlys da Costa A, Santander-Parra SH, da Costa Pereira Innocentini R, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Cea-Callejo P, Ichillumpa SV, Astolfi Ferreira CS, de Sá LRM, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken parvovirus and chicken megrivirus in layer breeders affected by intestinal dilatation syndrome. Avian Pathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38916258 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2372486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS IDS presented pathognomonic dilatation of the jejunum up to Meckel's diverticulum.IDS caused weight loss, decreased egg production, and increased culling and mortality.Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) was consistently detected through PCR assays.Chicken megrivirus (ChMV) was consistently detected through viral metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana H Santander-Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wu B, Jiang X, He D, Wei F, Mao M, Zhu Y, Su H, Tang Y, Diao Y. Epidemiological investigation of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in ducks and geese in Shandong Province, China. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:155-163. [PMID: 38206316 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2302138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Samples of suspected FAdV-infected waterfowl from farms in Shandong Province were collected from 2019 to 2022.Single infections with FAdV were less frequent than mixed infections.477 out of 792 samples (60.23%) tested positive for FAdV nucleic acids.Detection rate of FAdV was 65.47% in fattening duck farms, 55.73% in breeder duck farms and 54.55% in fattening geese farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtian Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - YuDong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Su
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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3
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Cheng MC, Lai GH, Tsai YL, Lien YY. Circulating hypervirulent Marek's disease viruses in vaccinated chicken flocks in Taiwan by genetic analysis of meq oncogene. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303371. [PMID: 38728352 PMCID: PMC11086920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is an important neoplastic disease caused by serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV-1), which results in severe economic losses worldwide. Despite vaccination practices that have controlled the MD epidemic, current increasing MD-suspected cases indicate the persistent viral infections circulating among vaccinated chicken farms in many countries. However, the lack of available information about phylogeny and molecular characterization of circulating MDV-1 field strains in Taiwan reveals a potential risk in MD outbreaks. This study investigated the genetic characteristics of 18 MDV-1 strains obtained from 17 vaccinated chicken flocks in Taiwan between 2018 and 2020. Based on the sequences of the meq oncogene, the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the circulating Taiwanese MDV-1 field strains were predominantly in a single cluster that showed high similarity with strains from countries of the East Asian region. Because the strains were obtained from CVI988/Rispens vaccinated chicken flocks and the molecular characteristics of the Meq oncoprotein showed features like vvMDV and vv+MDV strains, the circulating Taiwanese MDV-1 field strains may have higher virulence compared with vvMDV pathotype. In conclusion, the data presented demonstrates the circulation of hypervirulent MDV-1 strains in Taiwan and highlights the importance of routine surveillance and precaution strategies in response to the emergence of enhanced virulent MDV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hua Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center of Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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4
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Qiao Q, Xu M, Wang X, Tian J, Zhang Y, Song C, Liu J, Li Y, Li X, Yang P, Song M, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang B, Zhao J. Genomic characterization and pathogenicity of a novel fowl adenovirus serotype 11 isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103642. [PMID: 38537408 PMCID: PMC10987918 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 11 (FAdV-11) is one of the primary causative agents of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), which causes substantial economic losses in the world poultry industry. In this study, we characterized the genome of the fowl adenovirus serotype 11 (FAdV-11) isolate FJSW/2021. The full genome of FJSW/2021 was 44, 154 base pairs (bp) in length and had a similar organization to that of previously reported FAdV-11 isolates. Notably, compared with those of other reported FAdV-11 strains, the preterminal protein (pTP) of FAdV-11 FJSW/2021 has six amino acid (aa) insertions (S-L-R-I-I-C) between 470 and 475 and one aa mutation of L476F; moreover, the tandem repeat (TR) regions of TR1 and TR2 were 33 bp (1 repeat) and 1,080 bp (8 repeats) shorter than those of the Canadian nonpathogenic isolate ON NP2, respectively. The pathogenicity of FJSW/2021 was studied in 10-day-old specific pathogen-free chicken embryos following allantoic cavity inoculation and in 1-day-old, 1-wk-old and 2-wk-old SPF chickens following intramuscular inoculation with 107 TCID50 of the virus. The results showed that FJSW/2021 can induce typical severe IBH in chicks less than 2 wk old. These findings highlighted the genetic differences between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdV-11 isolates. The data will provide guidance for identifying the virulence factors of FAdV-11 strains. The animal challenge model developed in our study will allow precise evaluation of the efficacy of potential FAdV-11 vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Minghe Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jingge Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Congcong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Baiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Ugwu CC, Hair-Bejo M, Nurulfiza MI, Omar AR, Ideris A. Attenuation and molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus 8b propagated in a bioreactor and its immunogenicity, efficacy, and virus shedding in broiler chickens. Vet World 2024; 17:744-755. [PMID: 38798289 PMCID: PMC11111708 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.744-755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Live-attenuated vaccines are the most successful type of vaccine and could be useful in controlling fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b infection. This study aimed to attenuate, molecularly characterize, and determine the immunogenicity, efficacy, and challenge virus shedding in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods The FAdV 8b isolate (UPM08136) was passaged onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells until attenuation. We sequenced and analyzed the hexon and fiber genes of the passage isolates. The attenuated bioreactor-passage isolate was inoculated into 1-day-old broiler chickens with (attenuated and inactivated) and without booster groups and challenged. Body weight (BW), liver weight (LW), liver: body weight ratio (LBR), FAdV antibody titers, T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the liver, spleen, and thymus, and challenge virus load and shedding were measured. Results Typical cytopathic effects with novel genetic changes on CEL cells were observed. The uninoculated control-challenged (UCC) group had significantly lower BW and higher LW and LBR than the inoculated groups. A significantly higher FAdV antibody titer was observed in the challenged non-booster and attenuated booster groups than in the UCC group. T cells in the spleen and thymus of the liver of inoculated chickens were higher than uninoculated control group levels at all-time points and at different times. A significantly higher FAdV challenge virus load was observed in the liver and shedding in the cloaca of UCC chickens than in non-booster chickens. Conclusion The FAdV 8b isolate was successfully attenuated, safe, and immunogenic. It reduces virus shedding and is effective and recommended as a vaccine against FAdV infection in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie C. Ugwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri 460114, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mat I. Nurulfiza
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul R. Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee R, Sung HW, Cheong HT, Park J. Protective immune response induced by Leghorn male hepatoma cell-adapted fowl adenovirus-4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25366. [PMID: 38356505 PMCID: PMC10864904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute and lethal hepatitis. It leads to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Among the structural proteins of FAdV-4, hexon and fiber2 are associated with immunopathogenesis. A frameshift mutation was generated in the fiber2 protein by seral passages in the Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line. Immunization using the attenuated virus (80 times passaged) before the virulent FAdV-4 challenge protected hosts from the infection and cleared the invading virus. In immunized animals, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were larger during the FAdV-4 challenge. The change in the B cell population was similar. Myeloid cells were highly increased during FAdV-4 infection after the immunization, but the immunization inhibited the expansion in both liver and spleen. The functional gene expression for immune modulation was strongly associated with immune cell changes in the liver, however, this association was not strong in the spleen. The present findings imply that genetic modification by cellular adaptation regulates immune cell phenotype and function in the target organ. In addition, we suggest the attenuated virus as a protective strategy against the novel FAdV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Cheong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jones MK, Hofacre CL, Hoerr FJ, Baxter VA, Berghaus RD, Sellers HS, Ferguson-Noel N, Smith JA. Investigations into Increased Incidence of Severe Gizzard Erosions and Ulcerations in U.S. Commercial Broilers. Avian Dis 2024; 67:349-365. [PMID: 38300657 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
During a series of pathology surveys in four production complexes of a U.S. broiler integrator, the technical services veterinarians of an animal health company noted a high incidence of severe gizzard erosions and ulcerations (GEU), prompting further clinical investigation and a battery trial. No growth-promoting antibiotics or ionophore coccidiostats were used during the period of these surveys. All used tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) at ≤120 ppm added copper in broiler rations. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 83% and 67% of gizzard lesions cultured in two complexes, and cecal C. perfringens most probable number determinations were higher in severely affected than in mildly affected or unaffected birds. Histopathology revealed both acellular koilin fusion defects characteristic of copper toxicity, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrates. Intralesional bacilli suggestive of C. perfringens were noted in 78% of affected flocks examined. Species E Aviadenovirus was isolated from one bird in one complex, and that bird had a single intranuclear inclusion body; no other flocks had Adenoviruses isolated or detected on PCR, nor any inclusion bodies. Other viruses detected were thought to be incidental. A pilot study using feed with supplemental copper from TBCC or copper sulfate and challenge with one of the isolated C. perfringens strains reproduced the lesions. A battery study was conducted with an unchallenged negative control group fed a diet with 16 ppm added copper, a group fed the control diet and orally challenged with 108 organisms of a field strain of C. perfringens at 21 and 22 days, and a group treated with the same diet containing 250 ppm added copper from TBCC and orally challenged with C. perfringens. Birds were necropsied at 23 and 28 days. All challenged groups developed lesions, with those receiving both TBCC and C. perfringens having significantly higher gross and histopathological lesion scores than the unchallenged negative controls. Lesions were qualitatively similar to those in the field and contained suspected C. perfringens bacilli. Because the levels of TBCC used in the commercial birds and in the battery trial generally have been considered safe, and because C. perfringens is usually regarded as a pathogen of the lower GI tract, the possible association of these two agents with GEU is a novel observation and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Jones
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA 30677,
| | | | | | | | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Holly S Sellers
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Zhang J, Xie Z, Pan Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Li L, Dong J, Xiang Y, Zhai Q, Li X, Sun M, Huang S, Liao M. Prevalence, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus 2 in Southern China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103177. [PMID: 37980763 PMCID: PMC10685031 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of fowl adenovirus 2 (FAdV-2) has been on the rise in China, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of FAdV-2. The epidemiological analysis revealed the detection of multiple FAdV serotypes, including FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-3, FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes. Among them, FAdV-2 exhibited the highest proportion, accounting for 21.05% (8/38). The complete genomes of these 8 FAdV-2 strains were sequenced. Genetic evolution analysis indicated that these FAdV-2 strains formed a separate branch within the FAdV-D group, sharing 94.60 to 97.90% nucleotide similarity with the reference FAdV-2 and FAdV-11 strains. Notably, the recombination analysis revealed that 5 out of the 8 FAdV-2 strains, exhibited recombination events between FAdV-2 and FAdV-11. The recombination regions involved Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 genes and 3' end. Furthermore, pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that recombinant FAdV-2 XX strain is capable of inducing mortality rate of 66.70% and causing more severe hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in 6-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. These findings contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, genomic characteristics, and the pathogenicity of FAdV-2, providing foundations for FAdV-2 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zimin Xie
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanlin Pan
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zuoxin Chen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
| | - Yunzhen Huang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xingying Li
- Guangdong VETCELL Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, PR China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China.
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9
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Wu B, Xu Q, Li Z, Wang Q, He D, Jiang X, Cui Y, Feng Q, Tang Y, Diao Y. Evidence of vertical transmission of fowl adenovirus 8b in ducks. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109888. [PMID: 37839297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus mainly causes hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and gizzard erosion (GE), etc. In 2015, the first outbreak of HHS was reported in broiler chickens in central China, followed by an outbreak in waterfowl. The first outbreak of HHS in broiler flocks in central China in 2015, followed by outbreaks in waterfowl, has severely restricted the healthy development of the poultry industry. During the investigation, fowl adenovirus was detected in ducklings from a total of seven hatcheries in Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Jiangsu provinces. In addition, the DNA of fowl adenovirus was detected in breeding ducks and their progeny. To test the hypothesis that FAdV can be transmitted vertically, sixty 250-day-old Cherry Valley breeder ducks were divided equally into three groups for experimental infection. FAdV-8b SDLY isolate (duck/Shandong/SDLY/2021, SDLY) preserved in our laboratory was injected intramuscularly into group A and inoculated orally into group B. FAdV-8b DNA was detected in the yolk membranes, embryos and allantoic fluid of duck embryos in the FAdV-infected group after inoculation. In addition, the FAdV-8b hexon gene isolated from yolk membranes, embryos, allantoic fluid and duck eggs was close to 100% nucleotide homology to the FAdV-8b hexon gene isolated from laying duck ovaries, indicating that fowl adenovirus can be transmitted vertically in ducks. These findings provide evidence for the possible vertical transmission of fowl adenovirus from breeder ducks to ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qimin Xu
- Shandong Taishan Shengliyuan Group Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenchuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yitong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Taian City Central Hospital, #29 Long Tan Road, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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10
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Lee R, Yoon BI, Hunter CA, Kwon HM, Sung HW, Park J. Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17999. [PMID: 37865711 PMCID: PMC10590440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut metabolites that are involved in the regulation of dysfunction in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and cytokine storm. Numerous studies have reported a protective action of SCFAs against infectious diseases. This study investigated whether SCFAs have protective effect for immunity during fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) infection. We examined whether SCFA mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) administration could protect against intramuscular challenge of a virulent viral strain. SCFA treatment promoted MHCII-expressing monocytes, the active form of T cells, and effector molecules in both peripheral and lymphoid tissues. It also boosted the production of immune molecules involved in pathogen elimination by intraepithelial lymphocytes and changed the intestinal microbial composition. We suggest that gut metabolites influence the gut microbial environment, and these changes stimulate macrophages and T cells to fight against the intramuscular challenge of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyuk Moo Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Yeo JI, Lee R, Kim H, Ahn S, Park J, Sung HW. Genetic modification regulates pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus 4 strain after cell line adaptation (genetic mutation in FAdV-4 lowered pathogenicity). Heliyon 2023; 9:e19860. [PMID: 37809944 PMCID: PMC10559258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) is a major avian virus that induces fatal diseases in chicken such as, hydropericardium and hepatitis. The viral structure consists of hexon, penton, fiber-1, and fiber-2 which are associated with immunopathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the genetic modification of a FAdV-4 strain after continuous passages in a cell line and evaluated the pathogenicity associated with mutations. We used the FadV-4 KNU14061 strain, which was isolated from layers in 2014. The virus went through 80 passages in the Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line. The full genetic sequence was identified, and we found a frameshift in the fiber-2 amino acid sequence after the initial thirty passages. To examine whether the frameshift in the fiber-2 gene affects the pathogenicity in chicken, we inoculated LMH80 (80 times passaged) and LMH10 (10 times passaged) into 3-day-old chickens and examined the pathogenesis. LMH10 infection via intramuscular route induced fatal pathology, but LMH80 did not. Furthermore, LHM80 pre-treatment protected hosts from the LMH10 challenge. Thus, the genetic modification isolated by serial passage lowered pathogenicity and the resulting virus acted as an attenuated vaccine that can be a FAdV-4 vaccine strain candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-in Yeo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Xue X, Yang Q, Wu MJ, Zhang Z, Song J, Wang W, Yang J, Ji J, Zhang Y, Dai H, Yin H, Li S. Genomic and Pathologic Characterization of the First FAdV-C Serotype 4 Isolate from Black-Necked Crane. Viruses 2023; 15:1653. [PMID: 37631996 PMCID: PMC10458181 DOI: 10.3390/v15081653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are distributed worldwide in poultry and incriminated as the etiological agents for several health problems in fowls, and are capable of crossing species barriers between domestic and wild fowls. An FAdV strain was, for the first time, isolated from black-necked crane in this study, and was designated as serotype 4 Fowl aviadenovirus C (abbreviated as BNC2021) according to the phylogenetic analysis of its DNA polymerase and hexon gene. The viral genomic sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate possessed the ORF deletions that are present in FAdV4 strains circulating in poultry fowls in China and the amino acid mutations associated with viral pathogenicity in the hexon and fiber 2 proteins. A viral challenge experiment with mallard ducks demonstrated systemic viral infection and horizontal transmission. BNC2021 induced the typical clinical signs of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with swelling and inflammation in multiple organs and showed significant viral replication in all eight organs tested in the virus-inoculated ducks and their contactees at 6 dpi. The findings highlight the importance of surveillance of FAdVs in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650024, China; (X.X.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Qinhong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650024, China; (X.X.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Ming J. Wu
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, 6 Qinglongshan, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, 6 Qinglongshan, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650024, China; (X.X.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650024, China; (X.X.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Jia Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650024, China; (X.X.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Yongxian Zhang
- Animal Disease Inspection and Supervision Institution of Yunnan Province, 118 Gulou Road, Kunming 650051, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongyang Dai
- The Management Bureau of Huize Black Necked Crane National Nature Reserve, 744 Tongbao Road, Qujing 654200, China;
| | - Hongbin Yin
- Animal Disease Inspection and Supervision Institution of Yunnan Province, 118 Gulou Road, Kunming 650051, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Suhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650024, China; (X.X.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (J.Y.); (J.J.)
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13
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Detection, Quantification and Molecular Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Circulating in Ecuadorian Chicken Flocks during 2019-2021. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020115. [PMID: 36851419 PMCID: PMC9963715 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses are a group of pathogens that cause large economic losses worldwide in the poultry industry, in addition to producing a wide range of diseases, such as IBH, HHS, and enteric and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to quantify, identify, and molecularly characterize the types of FAdV circulating in commercial poultry farms (broilers, breeders, and layers) in Ecuador from 2019 to 2021. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR, quantification by qPCR, and subsequent sequencing for each positive sample. The results indicated that the FAdV genotypes circulating in our country are FAdV-2/D2, FAdV-6/E1, FAdV-8a/E2, and FAdV-11/D3; the samples were grouped into different groups that contain sequences that were obtained from countries in Africa, Asia, and America, and that are found in birds at different ages, since early age where can cause different clinical signs, such as diarrhea, ruffled feathers and dwarfism. Therefore, these results indicate that several genotypes of the virus are circulating in commercial poultry flocks, suggesting that biosecurity measures on farms should be improved, in addition to carrying out new or improved vaccination plans.
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14
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Chavan VG, Awandkar SP, Kulkarni MB, Chavhan SG, Kulkarni RC, Agnihotri AA. Molecular phylodynamics of fowl adenovirus serotype 11 and 8b from inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks. Virus Genes 2023; 59:148-157. [PMID: 36315316 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotypes are involved in a variety of clinical manifestations in poultry and has resulted in substantial economic loss to the poultry farmers. Despite the endemicity of Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in South Asian countries, including India, its etiology is not well studied. In western India, the rural poultry flocks obtained from the vaccinated parents were experiencing disease outbreaks with substantial economic losses due to heavy outbreaks and mortality. Therefore, the study was conducted to decipher the molecular epidemiology of the FAdV from field outbreaks in western India. A total of 37 commercial broiler poultry flocks and 29 village poultry flocks of western India were visited during 2019 to 2021. Out of these, 19.14% flocks showed incidence of IBH during the age of 15 to 35 days. The mortality ranged from 3.3 percent to 55.28 percent. The samples were subjected for amplification of partial hexon gene covering loop 1 and loop 2. The results revealed 48.28% positivity by PCR. The sequence analysis identified 14 isolates as species D serotype 11 with 0.97 to 0.99% divergence and two as species E serotype 8b with 0.99% divergence. The FAdV-11 isolates showed amino acid substitutions D195N, T399A, N417S, and N496H. The amino acids I188 and N195 were conserved in FAdV-11. The molecular clock in Bayesian methods was used to determine most common ancestor. The isolates MH379249 and MH379248 were determined the most recent common ancestor for FAdV-11 and FAdV-8b isolates. The analysis suggested evolution of 10 FAdV-11 strains in 2012, and four FAdV-11 strains and two FAdV-8b strains in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishranti G Chavan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Sudhakar P Awandkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India.
| | - Mahesh B Kulkarni
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Sambhaji G Chavhan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Ram C Kulkarni
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
| | - Aditya A Agnihotri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Udgir, India
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15
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Zhuang Q, Wang S, Zhang F, Zhao C, Chen Q, Zhao R, Guo P, Ju L, Li J, Hou G, Chen X, Sun F, Wang K. Molecular epidemiology analysis of fowl adenovirus detected from apparently healthy birds in eastern China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:5. [PMID: 36624468 PMCID: PMC9827690 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fowl adenovirus is of major concern to the poultry industry worldwidely. In order to monitor the prevalent status of Fowl adenovirus in China, a total of 1920 clinical samples from apparently healthy birds in the 25 sites of poultry flocks, Slaughterhouse and living bird markets from 8 provinces in eastern China were collected and detected by PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The epidemiological survey showed that Fowl adenoviruses were detected in living bird markets, and circulating in a variety of fowl species, including chickens, ducks, goose and pigeons. Among the 1920 clinical samples, 166 samples (8.65%) were positive in the fowl adenovirus PCR detection. In this study, totally all the 12 serotypes (serotypes of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B, 9, 10 and 11) fowl adenoviruses were detected, the most prevalent serotype was serotype 1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 166 FAdVs of 12 serotypes were divided into 5 fowl adenovirus species (Fowl aviadenovirus A, B, C, D, E). CONCLUSIONS In the epidemiological survey, 8.65% of the clinical samples from apparently healthy birds were positive in the fowl adenovirus PCR detection. Totally all the 12 serotypes fowl adenoviruses were detected in a variety of fowl species, which provided abundant resources for the research of fowl adenoviruses in China. The newly prevalent FAdV serotypes provides valuable information for the development of an effective control strategy for FAdV infections in fowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingye Zhuang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China ,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Suchun Wang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pin Guo
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Lei Ju
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Jinping Li
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- grid.440752.00000 0001 1581 2747Yanbian University, Yanbian, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002 China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, P.R. China
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16
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Cui H, Pan S, Xu X, Ji J, Ma K, Yao L, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q. Molecular characteristics of novel chaphamaparvovirus identified in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102449. [PMID: 36623336 PMCID: PMC9841274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken chaphamaparvovirus (CkChpV) is a novel parvovirus species that belongs to the Chaphamaparvovirus genus and is frequently detected in different vertebrates exhibiting diarrhea symptoms. In this study, screening tests were performed on samples from 478 chickens, including 357 with diarrhea and 121 healthy, collected from 25 farms in China to investigate CkChpV infection in China. CkChpV, avian nephritis virus, rotavirus, chicken parvovirus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, chicken proventricular necrosis virus, and chicken circovirus were all detected in the samples at a positivity rate of 32%, 9%, 6%, 2%, 2%, 1%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Statistical analyses suggested a correlation between the infection by the virus and diarrhea (P < 0.05). The genome of 9 strains from the CkChpV-positive samples, whose length was 4,432 nucleotides, have been completely sequenced. The strains shared 97.2 to 98.7% genomic similarity, 98.1 to 99.1%, and 98.2 to 99.2% amino acid similarity, respectively, for NS1 and VP1 compared with CkChpV strain RS/BR/15/2S in GenBank. The genetic relationship between these strains and CkChpV was established through phylogenetic analysis. These findings indicated the infection existence of CkChpV in China, which enriches our understanding of the diversity of the chaphamaparvoviruses and its host spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Shunshun Pan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China; Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang, Henan, 473006, PR China.
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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17
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Li S, Zhao R, Yang Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wei Y, Pang Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Gu Y, Liao M, Sun H. Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of current fowl adenoviruses in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105366. [PMID: 36115642 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) continue to outbreak and cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China. The homologous recombination accounts for the diversity serotypes of adenovirus. However, the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs remain unclear. Herein, the prevalence, phylogenetic feature and pathogenicity of FAdVs in China in 2019 were characterized. Our findings showed that multiple species and serotypes of FAdVs currently circulate in China, including A, C, D and E species, and 1, 2, 4, 8a and 8b serotypes. Notably, the recombination occurred between FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b, and the recombination regions included Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 and ORF20. All five FAdVs replicated effectively in various chicken tissues, and viral shedding peaked at 4-8 dpi. Except CH/GDSZ/1905(FAdV-1/A), the remaining FAdVs caused obvious inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, of which CH/JSXZ/1905(FAdV-4/C) caused hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) with a mortality rate of 62.5%. Taken together, our findings illustrate the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs in China and strengthen surveillance and further pathogenicity studies of FAdVs are extremely urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Qingzhou Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Meihua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Jinhuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Zifeng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China.
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18
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He D, Wang F, Zhao L, Jiang X, Zhang S, Wei F, Wu B, Wang Y, Diao Y, Tang Y. Epidemiological investigation of infectious diseases in geese on mainland China during 2018-2021. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3419-3432. [PMID: 36088652 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Geese play an important role in agricultural economics, with China producing the vast majority of goose meat consumed worldwide annually. The variations in the avian viruses and co-infections result in substantial economic losses to the goose industry in China. To understand the evolutionary characteristics and co-infections of viruses, a broad epidemiological investigation of epizootic viruses of goose was carried out in nine provinces of China during 2018-2021. Here, the results indicated that, among the 1970 clinical samples, 50.81% (1001/1970) were positive for goose astrovirus (GAstV), 18.22% (359/1970) for avian orthoreovirus, 12.74% (251/1970) for goose parvovirus, 11.02% (217/1970) for H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus, 4.01% (79/1970) for Newcastle disease virus, and 2.08% (41/1970) for fowl adenovirus. Among the six viruses, co-infections comprised a large proportion (66.37%) in the field, of which the dual infection was more common. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of GAstVs indicated that Chinese GAstVs had formed two distinct groups, that is, GAstV-1 and GAstV-2. GAstV-2 sub-genotype II-c had arisen as the dominant genotype in the whole country. Notably, all the H9N2-AIV isolated strains harboured the mammalian adaptation markers I155T, H183N, and Q226L (H3 numbering) in the HA gene, which promotes preferential binding to human-like α2-6-linked sialic acid receptors. And beyond that, we determined that the goose-origin Muscovy Duck Reovirus isolates, showing 51.7%-96% similarities to that of other waterfowl-origin orthoreovirus isolates in sequence homology analysis of the representative part of σC, are a new variant of waterfowl-origin orthoreovirus. These data provide valuable information about the prevalence of infectious diseases in geese on mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Zibo Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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19
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Cui N, Lu M, Sun S, Sun S, Xu C, Su S, Hrabchenko N, Huang Q. Illumina high-throughput sequencing for the genome of emerging fowl adenovirus D species and C species simultaneously. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102295. [PMID: 36436374 PMCID: PMC9706605 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) have been emerging and increasing in chicken flocks worldwide. Mixed infections with 2 or more fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotypes were common in these cases. Herein, we collected a clinical sample that was positive for FAdV from 40-day-old broilers with IBH and HPS symptoms in Shandong province of China and determined the complete genome of FAdVs on the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform. The results showed that the sample contained 2 FAdV strains of D species and C species and named SD1763-1 and SD1763-2 respectively. The genome of SD1763-1 strain was 43,913 nt in length, with a G+C content of 53.51%, whereas SD1763-2 strain was 43,721 nt in length, with a G+C content of 54.87%. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SD1763-1 was clustered together with serotype 2/11 of FAdV-D, and SD1763-2 was clustered together with FAdV-4. There is no recombination between the genomes of the 2 viruses of FAdV-D and FAdV-C in the present study. This is the first report of obtaining 2 genomic sequences of FAdV strains simultaneously by direct use of deep sequencing in one clinical individual chicken sample, which provided direct evidence for mixed infections of adenovirus serotypes in the clinic and enriched the genome data to explore the geographic biomarkers and virulence signatures of the genus Aviadenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Mei Lu
- Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China
| | - Shiping Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shouli Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Chuantian Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Shuai Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China,Corresponding author:
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
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20
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Wang B, Song M, Song C, Zhao S, Yang P, Qiao Q, Cong Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhao J. An inactivated novel chimeric FAdV-4 containing fiber of FAdV-8b provides full protection against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis. Vet Res 2022; 53:75. [PMID: 36175926 PMCID: PMC9523898 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and FAdV-8b are causative agents of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), respectively. HHS and IBH co-infections were often reported in clinical, yet there are no commercially available bivalent vaccines for prevention and control of both FAdV-4 and -8b. In the present study, a chimeric FAdV-4 was firstly generated by substituting fiber-1 of FAdV-4 with fiber of FAdV-8b. The chimeric virus, rFAdV-4-fiber/8b, exhibited similar replication ability in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo to the parental wild type FAdV-4. A single dosage of vaccination with the inactivated rFAdV-4-fiber/8b induced high antibody titers against fiber-2 of FAdV-4 and fiber of FAdV-8b and provided full protection against FAdV-4 and -8b challenge. These results demonstrated that fiber of FAdV-8b could replace the role of fiber-1 of FAdV-4 in the process of viral infection, and rFAdV-4-fiber/8b could be used to make a potential bivalent vaccine for the control and prevention of HHS and IBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Congcong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qilong Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanfang Cong
- National Animal Health Products for Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao, 266111, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- National Animal Health Products for Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao, 266111, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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21
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Safwat MM, Sayed ASR, Ali Elsayed MF, Ibrahim AAEH. Genotyping and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus isolated from broiler chickens in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:325. [PMID: 36042468 PMCID: PMC9425993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past 10 years, inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks, essentially from commercial broiler flocks, have been detected in different geographic regions highlighting the wide distribution of FAdVs around the world resulting in serious economic losses due to increased mortalities as well as poor performance within poultry farms in Assiut province, Egypt. Thus, this study was achieved to detect fowl adenovirus in broiler chicken flocks in Assiut province, Egypt and to recognize the pathogenicity of the isolated virus. Results The phylogeny of the L1 loop of the hexon gene exposed that the isolated virus clustered and belonged to the reference strains serotype D FAdV. The isolated virus is closely related to inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) strains causing extensive economic losses. The pathogenicity study of the virus showed typical macroscopic lesions with 6% mortality; furthermore, histopathological inspection exhibited severe hepatitis and degenerative changes after 5d from infection in the immune system. Conclusion Results in this research support the primary pathogenicity and mortality caused by FADV serotype 2 (IBH) alone without immunosuppressive agents thus robust control measures should be implanted against FAdV to evade the serious economic losses in poultry farms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03422-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Safwat
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Al Shimaa R Sayed
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Lab, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali Elsayed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Awad Abd El Hafez Ibrahim
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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22
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Sahindokuyucu I, Yazici Z, Barry G. A retrospective molecular investigation of selected pigeon viruses between 2018–2021 in Turkey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268052. [PMID: 36037167 PMCID: PMC9423643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent first detection of pigeon aviadenovirus-1 and pigeon circovirus co-infection associated with Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome (YPDS) in a pigeon flock in Turkey, prompted a study focused on documenting the distribution of Pigeon aviadenovirus (PiAdV-1 and PiAdV-2), Pigeon circovirus (PiCV), Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 (pigeon herpesvirus (PiHV)) and Fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) in the country. These viruses were selected as they are associated with severe disease in pigeons across the world. A total of 192 cloacal swabs were collected from young (<1 year old) pigeons from 16 different private pigeon flocks across Turkey, between 2018 and 2021 as part of routine diagnostic sampling. PiCV genetic material was the most frequently detected 4/16 (25%), PiAdV-1 and CoHV-1 DNA were both found in one flock each, while neither PiAdV-2 and FAdV were detected in any of the studied pigeon flocks. PiCV and PiHV genetic material were both detected in the same pigeon flock’s cloacal samples as a co-infection with the identification of PiHV being a first in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Poultry Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Turkey
- Now at Eville&Jones (GB) Limited Century House, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zafer Yazici
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gerald Barry
- Veterinary Science Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Xie Z, Zhang J, Sun M, Zeng Q, Huang Y, Dong J, Li L, Huang S, Liao M. The first complete genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 2 with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951554. [PMID: 36072393 PMCID: PMC9443503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has been frequently reported worldwide, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, a FAdV-2, namely GX01, was isolated from liver samples of chickens with hepatitis and hydropericardium in Guangxi Province, China. The complete genome sequence of GX01 was determined about 43,663 base pairs (bp) with 53% G+C content. To our knowledge, this is the first FAdV-2 complete genome in China. There was a deleting fragment in ORF25 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that GX01 is most closely related to FAdV-2 strain 685. Pathogenicity experiment of GX01 in 3-day-old and 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens showed that although no mortality was observed within 21 days post infection (dpi), strain GX01 significantly inhibited weight gain of infected chickens. Moreover, FAdV-2 was still detectable in the anal swabs of infected chickens at 21 dpi. Necropsy analysis showed that the main lesions were observed in liver, heart, and spleen. Of note, hepatitis and hydropericardium were observed in the infected chickens. In addition, massive necrosis of lymphocyte was observed in spleen of infected 3-days-old chickens. We concluded that FAdV-2 strain GX01 is capable of causing hepatitis and hydropericardium, which will make serious impact on the growth of chickens. Our research lays a foundation to investigate the molecular epidemiology and etiology of FAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Shujian Huang
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Liao
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24
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Chen H, Li M, Liu S, Kong J, Li D, Feng J, Xie Z. Whole-genome sequence and pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus 5 isolated from ducks with egg drop syndrome in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:961793. [PMID: 36032289 PMCID: PMC9412081 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.961793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection has become widespread in poultry in China and may be asymptomatic or associated with clinical and other pathological conditions. In 2017, a severe egg drop syndrome outbreak in breeder ducks (45 weeks old) occurred in eastern Shandong province in China. The egg production rate declined from 93 to 41%, finally increasing to ~80% (did not reach complete recovery). The presence of the virus was confirmed by FAdV-5 specific PCR assay, and it was designated strain WHRS. Furthermore, next-generation and Sanger sequencing of genomic fragments yielded a 45,734 bp genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genomic sequence of the WHRS strain was most homologous-(99.95%) to that of the FAdV-5 17/25,702 and 14/24,408 strain, sharing 32.1~53.4% similarity with other FAdV strains in the genus Aviadenovirus. Infected duck embryos died within 3–5 dpi, but no deaths occurred in the infected ducks. Strain WHRS could cause egg drop syndrome in ducks, accompanied by clinical signs similar to those of natural infections. Overall, strain WHRS is lethal to duck embryos and causes egg drop syndrome in breeder ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
- Hao Chen
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Juan Kong
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaxun Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixun Xie
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25
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Luan Q, Han Y, Yin Y, Wang J. Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of novel chicken astrovirus in China. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:488-498. [PMID: 35838631 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFive novel chicken astrovirus (CAstV) strains, designated ZDF, MHC, WSC, WSW and MHW, were successfully isolated from chickens with gout and were subjected to full genome sequencing characterization and tested for their pathogenic effects on Specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos and chickens. The complete genomes of the 5 isolated strains were approximately 7436 nt to 7511 nt in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains ZDF and MHC were clustered in a clade with strains isolated in China and that the others were clustered with strains from other countries. Based on the amino acids of ORF2, strains MHW and WSW belonged to subgroup Ai, strain WSC belonged to Bii, and strains ZDF and MHC belonged to Bi. The pathogenicity of strains MHW, MHC and WSC belonging to different subgroups was studied. The results showed that the mortality of the chicken embryos was 100% when infected with any strain more than 103 TCID50, 35% in SPF chickens infected with strain WSC, 25% with MHC and 15% with MHW. The body weights of chickens infected and embryos infected with 0.2 mL 10 TCID50 were significantly reduced after hatching. SPF chickens infected with any of the strains had similar lesions characterized by urate deposits on the epicardium and kidney and necrotic spots on the liver. This study identified the three kinds of genotypic CAstV prevalent in China, with high mortality in embryonated chicken eggs and leading to white chick syndrome, retarded growth and visceral gout in infected chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Bolong Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Yijun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
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26
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Anticoccidial Vaccination Is Associated with Improved Intestinal Health in Organic Chickens. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070347. [PMID: 35878364 PMCID: PMC9321215 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, the number of organic chicken farms has increased. Chickens can be infected by single-cell parasites, coccidia, which cause lesions in the lining of the intestine leading to poor growth and sometimes death (coccidiosis). This infection can also lead to overgrowth in the intestine of a bacterium, Clostridium perfringens, that may cause further damage (necrotic enteritis). Prevention is often achieved by adding substances in the feed that will slow down the development of parasites and bacteria, but this is not allowed in organic farming. The aim of this study was to investigate if vaccination against coccidia can prevent these diseases in organic chickens. Vaccinated chickens developed milder gut lesions, had fewer and less damaging C. perfringens, and had similar or higher body weight compared to unvaccinated chickens six weeks after vaccination. No deaths from coccidiosis or necrotic enteritis occurred among vaccinated chickens while some unvaccinated chickens died from these diseases. We conclude that vaccination against coccidia benefits organic chickens. This study provides knowledge supporting further development of the organic chicken industry. The results are also of relevance to the management of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in conventional broilers. Abstract Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens (CP) are pathogens associated with coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens. In this study we evaluated the effect of anticoccidial vaccination on intestinal health in clinically healthy organic Ross 308 chickens. On each of two farms, one unvaccinated flock (A1 and B1) was compared to one vaccinated flock (A2 and B2) until ten weeks of age (WOA). Faecal oocysts were counted weekly, and species were identified by PCR (ITS-1 gene). Lesion scoring, CP quantification and PCR targeting the CP NetB toxin gene were performed at three, four, and six WOA and chickens were weighed. Necropsies were performed on randomly selected chickens to identify coccidiosis/NE. Oocyst shedding peaked at three WOA in all flocks. Later oocyst shedding (E. tenella/E. maxima) in unvaccinated flocks at 5–7 WOA coincided with coccidiosis/NE. Although results differed somewhat between farms, vaccination was associated with lower intestinal lesion scores, reduced caecal CP counts, lower proportions of netB-positive CP, lower body weight at three–four WOA, and similar or slightly increased body weight at six WOA. In conclusion, the intestinal health of organic broilers can benefit from anticoccidial vaccination when oocyst exposure levels are high.
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Lindgren Y, Banihashem F, Berg M, Eriksson H, Zohari S, Jansson DS. Gizzard erosions in broiler chickens in Sweden caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1): investigation of outbreaks, including whole-genome sequencing of an isolate. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:257-266. [PMID: 35285764 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2048631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present paper describes the investigation of the first outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosions (AGE) in Sweden, in five broiler flocks. The investigation includes whole viral genome sequencing and investigation of genomic organisation and sequence relationships with other adenoviruses. All five flocks had a history of decreased growth and uneven size of birds since nine to ten days of age. Macroscopically, lesions consistent with AGE (detached koilin layers, discoloration, bleeding, erosions) were identified in gizzards in all five flocks. In four flocks histology was performed, and degeneration and inflammation of the koilin layer and gizzard mucosa were identified in all four. In one flock, intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were detected in trapped epithelial cells in the koilin layer. In four flocks in situ hybridization was performed, and cells positive for FAdV serotype 1 (FAdV-1) were demonstrated in the koilin layer and gizzard mucosa. FAdV species A (FAdV-A) was detected in gizzard, liver, caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Ten out of ten examined parent flocks of the affected chickens were seropositive for FAdV, indicating former or on-going infection. However, FAdV was not detected in embryos from seropositive parent flocks and thus vertical transmission was not demonstrated. The entire nucleotide sequence of one sample was determined and found to be 43,856 base pairs (bp) in length. The genome sequence and organisation were found to be similar to that of the reference apathogenic avian adenovirus "chicken embryo lethal orphan" (CELO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lindgren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fereshteh Banihashem
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Section of virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Eriksson
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Désirée S Jansson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Luan Q, Jiang Z, Wang D, Wang S, Yin Y, Wang J. A sensitive triple nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay for detection of fowl adenovirus, infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anemia virus. J Virol Methods 2022; 303:114499. [PMID: 35217101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in chickens have resulted in global economic losses in the poultry industry. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) infections lead to immunosuppression in chickens, and concomitant co- infection with FAdV usually produces severe and lethal infections. These co-infections are common occurrences on chicken farms and affect large number of chickens. Thus, a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test for these viruses becomes a prerequisite to effective control and isolation measures. We developed a triplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nano-PCR) assay that can simultaneously detect these 3 viruses in a single assay tube using PCR primers directed at respective specific genes of each virus. The assay was specific for FAdVs, CAV and IBDV, and it did not amplify Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, egg drop syndrome virus or Marek's disease virus. The minimum detection limit was 27.2 femtogram (fg) for all three viruses and was 1000-fold more sensitive than multiplex PCR using identical primers. Screening of 69 clinical samples from 40 to 50 days old chickens with obvious lesions in liver using the nano-PCR compared with a multiplex PCR yielded identical results. Of the 69 samples, 13 were detected positive including 4 for FAdV, 4 for IBDV and 6 for CAV single virus infections, respectively, as well as 5 for FAdV/CAV, 2 for FAdV/IBDV and 3 for IBDV/CAV co-infections. The triple nano-PCR assay developed in our laboratory is a sensitive, specific and simple method that can be used for detection of FAdV, CAV and IBDV as single or mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhiyao Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shouchun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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De Luca C, Schachner A, Heidl S, Hess M. Vaccination with a fowl adenovirus chimeric fiber protein (crecFib-4/11) simultaneously protects chickens against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Vaccine 2022; 40:1837-1845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Species Fowl aviadenovirus B Consists of a Single Serotype despite Genetic Distance of FAdV-5 Isolates. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020248. [PMID: 35215844 PMCID: PMC8880664 DOI: 10.3390/v14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are infectious agents, mainly of chickens, which cause economic losses to the poultry industry. Only a single serotype, namely FAdV-5, constitutes the species Fowl aviadenovirus B (FAdV-B); however, recently, phylogenetic analyses have identified divergent strains of the species, implicating a more complex scenario and possibly a novel serotype. Therefore, field isolates of the species were collected to investigate the contemporary diversification within FAdV-B, including traditional serotyping. Full genomes of fourteen FAdV-B strains were sequenced and four strains, possessing discriminatory mutations in the antigenic domains, were compared using virus cross-neutralization. Essentially, strains with identical antigenic signatures to that of the first described divergent strain were found in the complete new dataset. While chicken antiserum against FAdV-5 reference strain 340 could not neutralize any of the newly isolated viruses, low homologous/heterologous titer ratios were measured reciprocally. Although they argue against a new serotype, our results indicate the emergence of escape variants in FAdV-B. Charge-influencing amino acid substitutions accounted for only a few mutations between the strains; still, these enabled one-way cross-neutralization only. These findings underline the continued merit of the cross-neutralization test as the gold standard for serotyping, complementary to advancing sequence data, and provide a snapshot of the actual diversity and evolution of species FAdV-B.
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Liu J, Shi X, Lv L, Wang K, Yang Z, Li Y, Chen H. Characterization of Co-infection With Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 and 8a. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:771805. [PMID: 34803992 PMCID: PMC8595916 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.771805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs), which are distributed worldwide, have caused considerable economic losses to poultry farms. Co-infection with FAdVs and other avian pathogens has been reported previously. However, the pathogenicity of different serotypes of FAdVs causing co-infection remains unclear. Herein, strain HN from FAdV species C serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and strain AH720 from species E serotype 8a (FAdV-8a) were used to assess the pathogenicity of their co-infection in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Compared with chickens infected with FAdV-4 alone, those co-infected with FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a showed similar clinical symptoms, mortality rates and degree of tissue lesions, and notably decreased viral loads of HN. Conversely, the viral loads of AH720 increased markedly in the co-infection group compared with that in chickens infected with AH720 strain alone. Increased viral loads of AH720 in the liver were suspected to contribute to the pathogenicity of chickens co-infected with the HN and AH720 strains. This was further investigated by histopathology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining analyses. Collectively, these data indicated that co-infection with FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a suppresses the replication and proliferation of FAdV-4 but enhances the replication and proliferation of FAdV-8a in chicken liver. This study will provide valuable information for the further investigation of the interactions between FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a during co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjin Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhang Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Identification of a novel immunological epitope on Hexon of fowl adenovirus serotype 4. AMB Express 2021; 11:153. [PMID: 34800173 PMCID: PMC8605946 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), distributed widely in the poultry farms in China. Hexon is one of the major capsid proteins associated with viral species or serotypes. However, the epitopes of Hexon protein remain largely unknown. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to Hexon protein of FAdV-4, designated as 3G8, was generated. Subsequently, the linear peptide recognized by 3G8 was mapped and identified as 213AYGAYVK219 using a series of overlapping peptides generated from Hexon protein. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the epitope recognized by 3G8 was highly conserved across all the FAdVs. The epitope was immunogenic and could be recognized by FAdV-4 positive chicken serum samples. These findings will enrich our knowledge regarding the epitope on Hexon and provide valuable information for further characterization of the antigenicity of Hexon protein.
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Sahindokuyucu I, Turkmen MB, Sumer T, Elhag AE, Alcigir ME, Yazici Z, Barry G, Gulbahar MY, Kul O. First detection and molecular characterisation of a pigeon aviadenovirus A and pigeon circovirus co-infection associated with Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome (YPDS) in Turkish pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:139-149. [PMID: 34729940 PMCID: PMC8788887 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus are both DNA viruses, infect and cause severe clinical diseases in pigeons. These viruses are associated with an immunosuppression syndrome similar to ‘Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome’ (YPDS). This study reports the identification of a natural co‐infection, with severe clinical signs (crop vomiting, watery diarrhoea, anorexia and sudden death) of Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus in a breeding pigeon flock in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Both viruses were isolated from pigeons pooled internal organs using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Also, both viruses were identified by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing whereas histopathological examination showed degenerated hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions. As known, both viruses typically have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations; however, co‐infection may exacerbate the disease with devastating outcomes. This is the first report of its kind in Turkey for those viruses and is essential for the protection against these kinds of infections in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Poultry Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Biskin Turkmen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Tugce Sumer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Eisa Elhag
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Virology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Clinical Studies, University of Gadarif, Al Qadarif, Sudan
| | - Mehmet Eray Alcigir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Zafer Yazici
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Virology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gerald Barry
- Veterinary Science Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustafa Yavuz Gulbahar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:412. [PMID: 34308515 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of India, particularly in broiler flocks. The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with IBH in chicken and assessment of its pathogenicity. Liver samples were collected from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) suspected 100 commercial broiler and six broiler breeder flocks from eleven different States of India from 2016 to 2019. All the samples were subjected to 897-bp FAdV hexon gene-specific PCR for confirmation and primary chicken liver cells were used to isolate the field FAdVs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897-bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that all the isolates have showed close evolutionary relationship with fowl adenovirus serotype 11 of species D. For pathogenicity assessment, 0.5 ml of 106.5 TCID50/ml of field FAdV serotype 11 isolate was orally inoculated in 1-day-old SPF chicks and observed for 21 days. This experimental study revealed that there was no mortality in infected chicks and showed clinical signs of dullness, depression and diarrhoea between third and fifth day of oral inoculation. The FAdV was reisolated and confirmed by PCR from experimentally infected chicken. Based on this study, among all serotypes, FAdV serotype 11 is involved in pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler-type chickens in India.
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Shehata AA, Basiouni S, Sting R, Akimkin V, Hoferer M, Hafez HM. Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome in Turkey Poults: Causes, Diagnosis and Preventive Measures. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072063. [PMID: 34359191 PMCID: PMC8300142 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) causes severe economic losses in turkeys. Several agents were described to be associated with the PEMS; however, a specific etiological agent(s) has not been identified. The diagnosis of PEMS is still a huge challenge for several reasons: (1) no specific clinical signs or pathognomonic lesions, (2) isolation of some enteric viruses still difficult, (3) the pathogenicity of several enteric viruses in turkeys is not fully understood, (4) PEMS is an interaction between several known and might be unknown agents and (5) opportunistic microorganisms also have a role in the pathogenesis of PEMS. Both electron microscopy and molecular techniques can be used for diagnosis of PEMS and might help to discover unknown causes. Until now, no specific vaccines against enteric viruses associated with PEMS. However, biosecurity, maintaining a healthy gut and strengthening the immune system of turkey poults using probiotics, prebiotics and/or phytogenic substances are crucial factors to prevent and/or reduce losses of PEMS in turkeys. This review is a call for scientists to perform further research to investigate the real cause(s) of PEMS and to develop a preventive strategy against it. Abstract Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is one of the most significant problem affecting turkeys and continues to cause severe economic losses worldwide. Although the specific causes of PEMS remains unknown, this syndrome might involve an interaction between several causative agents such as enteropathogenic viruses (coronaviruses, rotavirus, astroviruses and adenoviruses) and bacteria and protozoa. Non-infectious causes such as feed and management are also interconnected factors. However, it is difficult to determine the specific cause of enteric disorders under field conditions. Additionally, similarities of clinical signs and lesions hamper the accurate diagnosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the main viral possible causative agents of PEMS and challenges in diagnosis and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A. Shehata
- Birds and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Reinhard Sting
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (R.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Valerij Akimkin
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (R.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Marc Hoferer
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (H.M.H.)
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Health Surveillance of Penguins in the Barton Peninsula on King George Island, Antarctica. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:612-617. [PMID: 33872350 DOI: 10.7589/2019-10-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Samples from 29 adult Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus), and Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at the King Sejong Station on Nar̢ ebski Point, King George Island, Antarctica, were investigated to detect antibodies to avian influenza, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, Mycoplasma, and Salmonella. Antibodies were identified from one Gentoo Penguin and one Chinstrap Penguin against infectious bronchitis virus; from one Gentoo Penguin against Newcastle disease virus; from one Gentoo Penguin against Mycoplasma synoviae; and from two Chinstrap Penguins against Salmonella pullorum. Thirty-three dead penguin chicks were collected from the breeding colony for necropsy, histopathological examination, and polymerase chain reaction. Pulmonary hemorrhage and congestion were the main necropsy findings.
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Mase M, Hiramatsu K, Nishijima N, Iguchi H, Honda S, Hanyu S, Iseki H, Watanabe S. Fowl Adenoviruses Type 8b Isolated from Chickens with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Japan. Avian Dis 2021; 64:330-334. [PMID: 33205180 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) type 8b isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in Japan from 2018 to 2019 were characterized serologically and genetically. Serologically, all isolates were well neutralized by antisera against the FAdV-8b strain, but they were not neutralized by antisera against the FAdV-8a strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the part of the hexon protein gene that includes the L1 region revealed that these isolates were all identical. They were also identical to foreign strains such as the SD1356 strain isolated in China and belonged to FAdV-8b. Furthermore, the 2018-19 Japanese IBH 8b isolates were genetically identical to the SD1356 strain by phylogenetic analysis of fiber genes, but they were different from previous Japanese 8b strains. These findings suggest that the 2018-19 Japanese IBH isolates might have been introduced from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kanae Hiramatsu
- Oita Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Oita Prefecture, 442 Onozuru, Oita, Oita 870-1153, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishijima
- Seibu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Shizuoka Prefecture, 392 Nakagori, Higashiku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3111, Japan
| | - Haruka Iguchi
- Tokushima Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Tokushima Prefecture, 5-94, Minamisyoumachi, Tokushima 770-0045, Japan
| | - Sachiko Honda
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Kumamoto Prefecture, 1666-1 shizume Jonanmachi, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 861-4215, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hanyu
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Niigata Prefecture, 686 Hataya, Nishikan, Niigata, Niigata 959-0423, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Satoko Watanabe
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Yuan F, Song H, Hou L, Wei L, Zhu S, Quan R, Wang J, Wang D, Jiang H, Liu H, Liu J. Age-dependence of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus type 4 pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101238. [PMID: 34157559 PMCID: PMC8237352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (hvFAdV-4) has emerged as a major pathogen of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with increased mortality in chickens, resulting in economic losses to the Chinese poultry industry since June 2015. Here, we isolated a hypervirulent FAdV-4 (hvFAdV-4) strain (designated GD616) from 25-day-old meat-type chickens with severe HHS in Guangdong Province China in June 2017. The whole genome of the strain GD616 shares high homology with those in the recently-reported hvFAdV-4 isolates in China, with natural deletions of ORF19 and ORF27. A comparative analysis of Hexon and Fiber-2 proteins revealed that 2 unique amino acid residues at positions 378 and 453 of the Fiber-2 protein might be associated with virulence due to their occurrences in all the hvFAdV-4 isolates only. To systemically evaluate the effect of age on the susceptibility of chickens to hvFAdV-4, we used this hvFAdV-4 strain to intramuscularly inoculate 7- to 180-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens for the evaluation of pathogenicity. These results showed that the pathogenicity of the hvFAdV-4 strain GD616 to chickens exhibited age-relatedness, with younger than 59-day-old chickens showing 100% morbidity and mortality, while 180-day-old chickens still exhibited a hydropericardium syndrome-like clinicopathology with 60% morbidity and 20% mortality. These findings enrich the current available knowledge regarding the pathogenicity of the hypervirulent FAdV-4 virus in chickens with a wide range of ages, which assists with the selection of suitable-aged chickens for the evaluation of hvFAdV-4 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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39
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Adebiyi AI, Mcilwaine K, Oluwayelu DO, Smyth VJ. Detection and characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with hatchery disease in commercial day-old turkeys in southwestern Nigeria. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1607-1614. [PMID: 33759002 PMCID: PMC7987118 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major obstacle to profitable poultry production in Nigeria due to the mortality and severe economic losses they cause. In particular, they are a potent threat to attainment of the food security goals of government and national self-sufficiency in food production. Thus, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the nation’s poultry population for these diseases. As part of an ongoing investigation of enteric viruses associated with poor performance or hatchery diseases in commercial poultry in southwestern Nigeria, intestinal contents from 97 condemned or runted day-old commercial turkey poults were examined for turkey astroviruses, infectious bronchitis virus, chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, avian reovirus, fowl adenovirus, and chicken parvovirus by virus isolation, electron microscopy (EM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcription PCR. The samples were collected from five commercial hatcheries and five farms located in southwestern Nigeria. While all samples tested negative for other viruses, CAstV was detected in the majority (83.5%) of the birds, although some pleomorphic virus-like particles with surface projections that appeared fringed or fimbriated were observed in five of the cell culture samples by EM. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these CAstV strains belonged to the Bi clade. These findings not only implicate CAstV as the major cause of hatchery condemnations in commercial turkeys in southwestern Nigeria but also highlight the need for experimental studies to further establish its role in this disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale I Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Daniel O Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Victoria J Smyth
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
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40
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Agnihotri K, Smith C, Oakey J, Storie G. Pigeon adenovirus and pigeon torque teno virus associated with acute multifocal hepatic necrosis in pigeons in Queensland, Australia. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1469-1475. [PMID: 33721100 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, an outbreak resulting in deaths of 28 breeding pigeons was reported north of Brisbane, Australia. The affected birds had runny nasal discharge and poor body condition. Two birds were submitted to Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Brisbane, for investigation. A range of diagnostic tests excluded a number of known pathogens, and no virus was isolated in cell culture. Histopathological examination revealed severe acute multifocal necrosis in the liver with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) revealed full-length sequences for pigeon adenovirus 1 (PiAd-A) and pigeon torque teno virus (PTTV). This report indicates concomitant PiAd-1and PTTV infections in Australian pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Agnihotri
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - Craig Smith
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Jane Oakey
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Greg Storie
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
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Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from peacocks associated with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104766. [PMID: 33581328 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In September 2019, a highly prevalent infectious disease caused severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in a peacock farm in Central China. The disease showed high mortality of 78.6% in 28-42 day-old peacocks. In this study, one strain of highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from peacocks and designated as HN19. Molecular characterization of amino acid revealed that HN19 contains the same deletions as the dominate strains in chickens in China recently. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that HN19 showed higher homology with other FAdV-4 strains isolated from China, indicating that HN19 might originate from previously FAdV-4 predecessor in China. Experimental infection of the HN19 strain via intramuscular injection led to 100% mortality rate in 21-day-old specific pathogenic-free (SPF) chickens. To our knowledge, this represents the first report on the prevalence of FAdV-4 in peacocks. These results suggested that the potential risk of cross-species transmission of FAdV-4 from chickens to peacocks, highlighting the need for implementing strict biosecurity measures to avoid the mixing of different bird species.
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42
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Lai VD, Min K, Lai HTL, Mo J. Epidemiology of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in South Korean chickens during 2013-2019 following introduction of FAdV-4 vaccines. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:182-189. [PMID: 33410705 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1872766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are important infectious pathogens responsible for causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. One hundred and forty-six FAdV strains were continuously collected and analysed from 2013 to 2019 to understand the epidemiological change and nature of the virus in South Korea from two different standpoints, before and after the release of multiple commercial FAdV-4 vaccines. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon loop-1 gene sequences showed that 92 strains belonged to FAdV-C (63%), 35 strains to FAdV-E (24%), 18 strains to FAdV-D (12.3%), and one strain to FAdV-A (0.7%), respectively. We provide evidence that the dominant FAdV serotype has recently changed from FAdV-4 to FAdV-8b, as reflected in the proportion of each serotype in field cases in 2019 (18.5% and 77.8%, respectively). The newly emerged FAdV-8b cluster was significantly noticeable compared to the old FAdV clusters, indicating that the development of a vaccine for FAdV-8b may be necessary. Overall, this new insight into FAdV prevalence provides a foundation for strategic control and the development of efficient vaccines against FAdV cases in chickens in South Korea.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The dominant FAdV serotype in South Korea shifted from FAdV-4 to FAdV-8b in 2013-2019.A new cluster of FAdV-8b has emerged in South Korea, indicating the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huong Thi Lan Lai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam
| | - Jongseo Mo
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
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Mirzazadeh A, Grafl B, Abbasnia M, Emadi-Jamali S, Abdi-Hachesoo B, Schachner A, Hess M. Reduced Performance Due to Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in 16-Day-Old Commercial Broiler Chickens in Iran, Confirmed Experimentally. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:635186. [PMID: 33598489 PMCID: PMC7882599 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.635186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) in broilers is an emerging infectious disease with negative impact on flock productivity. Despite of known primary etiological role of fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) in AGE, there are a limited number of field reports worldwide, possibly because the disease is less noticeable and clinically difficult to assess. The present study documents an outbreak of AGE in 16-day-old broiler chickens on a farm in the north of Iran and the reproduction of the disease in an experimental setting. In the field, a sudden onset of mortality was noticed in affected broilers resulting in 6% total mortality and decreased weight gain leading to approximately 1-week delay to reach the target slaughter weight. Necropsy findings in dead broilers revealed black colored content in crop, proventriculus and gizzard together with severe gizzard erosions characterized by multiple black-brown areas of variable size in the koilin layer and mucosal inflammation. Microscopic examination revealed necrotizing ventriculitis marked with severe dissociation of koilin layer and degeneration of glandular epithelium with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. FAdV-1 was isolated from affected gizzards. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon loop-1 (L1) sequence of the isolated virus showed 100% identity with pathogenic FAdV-1 strains previously reported from broiler chickens with AGE. Subsequently, an in vivo study infecting day-old commercial layer chickens with the field isolate demonstrated characteristic lesions and histopathological changes of AGE together with decreased weight gain in the infected birds. For the first time, the progress of a natural outbreak of AGE in Iran is described and experimental reproduction of the disease is demonstrated. The findings highlight the economic impact of the disease for regional poultry production due to mortality and impaired weight gain of the affected broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirzazadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Abbasnia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sobhan Emadi-Jamali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mirzazadeh A, Grafl B, Berger E, Schachner A, Hess M. Longitudinal Serological Monitoring of Commercial Broiler Breeders for Fowl Adenoviruses (FAdVs)-Presence of Antibodies Is Linked with Virus Excretion. Avian Dis 2020; 65:177-187. [PMID: 34339138 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the poultry industry worldwide is facing an emerging trend of fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-associated diseases with a significant economic impact, especially in meat-type chickens. Vertical transmission is an important feature of all FAdVs; hence, preventive measures mostly revolve around breeding stocks. However, knowledge about temporal development of FAdV infections in modern commercial settings is rare or even nonexistent. In the present study, longitudinal monitoring for FAdV was conducted in broiler breeder flocks located in a confined geographical region with intensive poultry production in Iran. For this, the antibody status of birds from 4 to 32 wk of age was monitored with a commercial FAdV-ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT). In parallel, fecal shedding of FAdV was determined at the peak of egg production with real-time PCR and virus isolation. Overall, the commercial ELISA showed seroconversion of flocks before onset of production. VNT resolved in detail infection patterns of individual serotypes with a primordial FAdV-D (FAdV-2/-11) infection, frequently followed by FAdV-E (FAdV-8a, -8b) superinfection. FAdV-A (FAdV-1) was traced in half of the investigated flocks, while no evidence of infection with FAdV-C (FAdV-4, -10) was noted. Common serological profiles between different houses of the same farm indicate an overarching biosecurity. Serological profiles coupled with virological findings at the peak of egg production indicated that higher antibody levels, determined by ELISA, correlated with lower amounts of viral DNA in fecal excretion. Simultaneously, the number of isolated FAdVs belonging to distinct serotypes declined in accordance with a rise of neutralizing antibodies in birds, underlining the significance of serotype-specific antibodies in the epidemiology of FAdV in breeders. Investigations in breeders were complemented with screening of FAdV-associated diseases in local broilers over a 3-yr period; 26 cases of inclusion body hepatitis with dominant involvement of FAdV-11/FAdV-8b, one outbreak of adenoviral gizzard erosion related to FAdV-1, and no evidence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome suggest that identical serotypes are maintained in the local poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirzazadeh
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, .,Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Berger
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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45
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Park DH, Lee HC, Youn HN, Ju HS, Kim KJ, Go SH, Lee DY, Lee JB, Lee SW, Song CS. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity Analysis of Recently Isolated Fowl Adenovirus 8b in Korea. Avian Dis 2020; 65:122-131. [PMID: 34339131 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Korean field strain of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b was isolated from chickens showing high mortality. Isolated FAdV-8b strains with the hexon and fiber genes were genetically analyzed. The Korean FAdV-8b (K194/19) strain isolated in 2019 showed higher sequence identity with the FAdV-8b strain isolated in China but lower sequence identity with the Korean FAdV-8b (K187/08) strain isolated in 2008. The K194/19 strain formed a distinct subcluster within the FAdV-8b cluster in a phylogenetic tree based on hexon and fiber genes. FAdV can infect day-old chicks through vertical transmission, and so blood samples were obtained from 54-, 60-, and 63-wk-old parent chickens. FAdV-specific antibody levels were investigated with ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) tests with the K194/19 and K187/08 strains as antigens. In VN tests, all sera neutralized the K187/08 strain. However, the K194/19 strain was neutralized by sera collected from 60- and 63-wk-old chickens but not sera obtained from 54-wk-old chickens, indicating natural infection. Finally, to determine the pathogenicity of the K194/19 strain, 1-day-old and 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free birds were infected with the K194/19 and K187/08 strains. No significant difference in pathogenicity was observed between the two strains. Although the K194/19 strain showed similar pathogenicity with the K187/08 strain, differences in nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the hexon and fiber genes may determine the evasion ability of the K187/08 neutralizing antibody, indicating the need for development of a novel FAdV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dam-Hee Park
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Chae Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Youn
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Ju
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jik Kim
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Da-Ye Lee
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, .,KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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46
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CHITRADEVI S, SUKUMAR K, SURESH P, BALASUBRAMANIAM GA, KANNAN D. Molecular typing of fowl adenovirus associated with gizzard erosion in commercial layer grower chicken in Tamil Nadu. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i7.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with commercial layer grower chicken showed gizzard erosion. Ninety four commercial layer grower chicken flocks from Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu had shown reduced feed intake, reduced weight gain, uneven growth and mortality of 0.3 to 7.7%. On postmortem examination of affected birds showed mild to severe gizzard erosion, blackish discoloration of gizzard contents, pale liver and no major lesions were seen in other organs. Total DNA was extracted and 897 bp fowl adenovirus specific hexon gene was amplified by PCR. Out of 94 flocks screened seven flocks were found positive of fowl adenovirus. Chicken embryo liver cell culture was prepared to isolate field fowl adenovirus from suspected flocks. Concurrent infection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was also screened by PCR for 419 bp VP2 gene of CAV and found that all the seven flocks which were PCR positive for FAdV also found positive for CAV. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897 bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that, it was belonged to FAdV serotypes 2 and 3 of species D.
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47
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Silaen OSM, Murtini S, Pamungkas J, Nugroho CMH. Isolation and molecular characterization of fowl aviadenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis from poultry in Banten and West Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2020; 13:1940-1946. [PMID: 33132609 PMCID: PMC7566239 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1940-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fowl avidenoviruses (FAdVs) are generally considered ubiquitous, but certain serotypes and strains are known to be associated with primary diseases, such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Since 2018, the outbreak of IBH has been reported in part provinces of Indonesia. This study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize the FAdV from Banten and West Java Provinces of Indonesia and described the phylogenetic relationship with the FAdV that has been characterized in other countries. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 FAdV archive samples have been collected from January to August 2019 from clinical cases of FAdV infection in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Collected samples were inoculated in 10-day-old specific-pathogenic-free chicken embryonated eggs. Hexon gene of FAdV was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a primer set from previous study. To gain a better understanding of the FAdV genetic properties and construct the phylogeny tree, the PCR products were sequenced and subjected to a BLAST search and inferred using the neighbor-joining method by bootstrap test 1000×. Results: FAdV-D and FAdV-E are present in Banten, Indonesia. The phylogenetic analysis of 850 nucleotides that encode 289 amino acid of the partial hexon gene shows that the isolates Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-149/18, Broiler/MSL/Lebak-151/18, and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-29/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-E TR/BVKE/R/D-1 from Turkey, whereas the isolates Layer/MSL/Ciputat-20/19 and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-30/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-D strain 685 from Canada. Conclusion: The present study provides updates of the circulating FAdV in commercial poultry flocks in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Since the FAdV vaccine was unavailable in Indonesia, this result might be used as guidance to select a proper FAdV vaccine strain. Our result indicates that at least two FAdV species were circulating among poultry in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia; they are FAdV-D and FAdV-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, PT Medika Satwa Laboratories, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Murtini
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Joko Pamungkas
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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48
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Kumar R, Sturos M, Porter RE, Singh A, Armién AG, Goyal SM, Mor SK. An Outbreak of Fowl Aviadenovirus A-Associated Gizzard Erosion and Ulceration in Captive Bobwhite Quail ( Colinus virginianus). Avian Dis 2020; 65:52-58. [PMID: 34339122 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A flock of captive bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) experienced loose droppings, depression, and increased mortality starting at 3 wk of age. Necropsy of the affected birds revealed intestines dilated with frothy and tan fluid. Irregular dark brown fissures within the koilin layer of the gizzard were found in 20%-30% of the birds. Histologically, gizzards showed multifocal koilin degeneration or fragmentation, degeneration and necrosis of the subjacent epithelial cells, and infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and heterophils. Necrotic epithelial cells occasionally contained large, smudgy, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies with marginated nuclear chromatin. Adenoviral paracrystalline arrays composed of icosahedral virions (60-70 nm diameter) were seen on transmission electron microscopy in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the gizzard mucosa. Adenovirus was isolated from gizzard, liver, intestine, and trachea by inoculation of specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Homogenates of the gizzard, liver, and intestine were positive for the adenovirus hexon gene by PCR. Sequencing of PCR amplicons confirmed the virus as fowl aviadenovirus A. The study isolates showed more than 99% and 97% nucleotide identity with quail bronchitis virus and with aviadenoviruses from gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU) in broilers, respectively. The viral isolates showed six substitutions (G1T, C174A, A229G, C513A, T579A, and G621C) of which two were nonsynonymous (G1T and A229G), resulting in a change in the translated amino acid as A1S and S77G, respectively. These results indicate that adenoviruses of the same type or species can cause different clinical presentations in quails, e.g., bronchitis or GEU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.,College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
| | - Matt Sturos
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Robert E Porter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Azad Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Anibal G Armién
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108,
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49
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Grafl B, Gaußmann B, Sulejmanovic T, Hess C, Hess M. Risks and disease aetiologies of compromised performance in commercial broilers kept at lower stocking density and limited antimicrobial use. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:621-630. [PMID: 32746625 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1805411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The health status of broilers raised at lower stocking density and limited antimicrobial use (but routine anticoccidials) was assessed in order to identify prevalent causes of disease, mortality and reduced performance. "Dead-on-farm"(DOF) broilers from 145 commercial flocks were investigated at two different time points (TP1:7-14 and TP2:28-35 days of age); per sampling, 6-10 DOF broilers were selected for post-mortem investigation and gross pathomorphological changes were assessed from 2717 birds in total. Post-mortem findings were substantiated by bacteriological, virological and parasitological investigations. Furthermore, production data of all flocks were collected and used to perform comprehensive statistical analysis. Overall, colibacillosis was found most important with a significant negative impact on flock health, productivity and profitability through all ages of broiler production. At TP1, primary reasons for mortality comprised yolk sac infections, generally found together with fibrinous polyserositis due to E. coli. Furthermore, femoral lesions, which correlated with increased flock mortality, were associated with detection of E. coli. At TP2, ascites was detected frequently in DOF broilers, correlating with increased production losses in the fourth and fifth weeks of life. No aetiological link between the presence of ascites and the detection of the investigated pathogens was observed, instead a positive correlation was noticed with altitude above sea level of the farm, and with the sex of the birds. Disease conditions could not be linked with the housing system. Presence of infectious bronchitis virus, avian reovirus and fowl adenovirus did not correlate with macroscopic lesions or a specific disease. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS In young broilers lesions of visceral organs due to bacterial infections dominated. Colibacillosis impacts broiler health, productivity and profitability independent of the age of birds. Disorders of the locomotor system were frequently observed throughout production. Older broilers frequently showed pathologic changes due to metabolic disorders. Overall, a shift from infectious towards metabolic disease conditions was noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Grafl
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Gaußmann
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Sulejmanovic
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Propagation and Molecular Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 8b Isolates in Chicken Embryo Liver Cells Adapted on Cytodex™ 1 Microcarrier Using Stirred Tank Bioreactor. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large volume production of vaccine virus is essential for prevention and control of viral diseases. The objectives of this study were to propagate Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) isolate (UPM08136) in chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells adapted to Cytodex™ 1 microcarriers using stirred tank bioreactor (STB) and molecularly characterize the virus. CEL cells were prepared and seeded onto prepared Cytodex™ 1 microcarriers and incubated first in stationary phase for 3 h and in STB at 37 °C, 5% CO2, and 20 rpm for 24 h. The CEL cells were infected with FAdV isolate (UPM08136) passage 5 (UPM08136CELP5) or passage 20 (UPM08136CELP20) and monitored until cell detachment. Immunofluorescence, TCID50, sequencing, alignment of hexon and fiber genes, and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. CEL cells were adapted well to Cytodex™ 1 microcarriers and successfully propagated the FAdV isolates in STB with virus titer of 107.5 (UPM08136CELP5B1) and 106.5 (UPM08136CELP20B1) TCID50/mL. These isolates clustered with the reference FAdV serotype 8b in the same evolutionary clade. The molecular characteristics remained unchanged, except for a point substitution at position 4 of the hexon gene of UPM08136CELP20B1, suggesting that propagation of the FAdV isolate in STB is stable and suitable for large volume production and could be a breakthrough in the scale-up process.
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