1
|
Chaney RA, Baer A, Tovar LI. Gender-Based Heat Map Images of Campus Walking Settings: A Reflection of Lived Experience. VIOLENCE AND GENDER 2024; 11:35-42. [PMID: 38516062 PMCID: PMC10951437 DOI: 10.1089/vio.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fear of crime can influence our view of and experience with the world around us. This can be problematic for individuals seeking physical activity, including from walk commuting. Prior work shows fear is especially evident among women, who report fear of rape and sexual abuse by men as a primary concern. We present the results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 571) where participants were shown images from college campus (n = 4 campuses) depicting different lighting (daytime, nighttime), and entrapment levels (high, low; i.e., able to easily escape if needed, with high entrapment being difficult and low being easy), and using the Qualtrics heat map tool, selected features that stood out to them most. Data were segregated by gender and analyzed to determine similarity of heat maps for the same base image. Heat map images were analyzed using canonical correlation (Rc) to determine the relationship between the two groups; dispersion testing to decipher spatial uniformity within the images; the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to characterize the nature of image patterns differences; and, the Breslow-Day Test to specify pattern locations within images. Several heat map images are also presented in the results. Overall, female and male participants appear to "see" different things when imagining walk-commuting (as seen by poor Rc values) and the nature of what they were looking at were different (as seen by poor SSIM values). Female participants tended to focus on areas outside the walking path, such as bushes and dark areas, whereas men's focus was on the path ahead [χ2(1) = 4.29, p = 0.04]. Furthermore, women were more likely to select areas outside the walking path during high entrapment settings [χ2(1) = 15.49, p < 0.001] and at nighttime [χ2(1) = 4.98, p = 0.02]. Our study demonstrates point-of-view differences in female-male walking space assessments. Viewing walking safety through the lens of lived experience could be productive for holistic community walking safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Chaney
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Alyssa Baer
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - L. Ida Tovar
- Division of Public Health, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Chapman E, O'Donoghue T. Threats to the emotional wellbeing of mainland Chinese students studying in Australia: an interpretivist study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2221912. [PMID: 37311124 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2221912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2017, international students contributed almost $32 billion to Australia's economy, more than half of which was attributable to students from China. Despite its historical popularity as a study destination, research suggests that these students confront numerous obstacles in pursuing their studies within Australia. In this study, the perspectives of these students were explored. The dominant issues raised by these students related to mental health and emotional wellbeing. METHODS Nineteen students in one Australian university participated in one-on-one in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using grounded theory approaches. Three broad themes were generated in the study: psychological stress (which was linked to language barriers, shifts in pedagogy, and changes in lifestyle); perceived safety (which was linked to lack of security, safety and perceived racial discrimination); and social isolation (linked to reduced sense of belonging; lacking close personal connections; and feelings of loneliness and homesickness). CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that a tripartite model of interactive risk factors may be appropriate for exploring how international students fare emotionally with their new environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- The University of Western Australia (M098), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth Western, Australia
| | - Elaine Chapman
- The University of Western Australia (M098), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth Western, Australia
| | - Tom O'Donoghue
- The University of Western Australia (M098), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth Western, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taff SD, Kniepmann K, Grajo LC, Russell-Thomas DC, Berg C. Impact of Basic Needs Fulfillment on the Health, Well-being, and Academic Engagement of Occupational Therapy Students. Occup Ther Health Care 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37902560 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2269429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The basic needs of students may serve as unknown factors in academic engagement and well-being. Challenges in meeting these needs disproportionately impact underrepresented minority and first-generation students. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the perceived presence and impact of basic needs on health, well-being, and academic engagement in occupational therapy students. A 43-item survey was distributed to 231 students and focused on questions addressing basic needs in physiology, safety, and belonging. Respondents reported worry over or the need to work to pay bills, no support from family/friends, and limited access to food in the past 30 days and related this to feeling stressed, not being able to do homework, not participating in class, and loss of leisure time. Ninety-four percent used student health services frequently. Recommendations to address gaps in basic needs include flexible policies, inclusive learning environments, supportive and intentional actions, and providing resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Taff
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathy Kniepmann
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lenin C Grajo
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Duana C Russell-Thomas
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine Berg
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McMorrow S. Health Experiences of Women University Students of Color and Women International Students in the United States During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Transnational, Virtual Photovoice Study. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1091-1103. [PMID: 37635308 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231188271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Women university students in the United States who are students of color and international students consistently experience health disparities. These were exacerbated due to the COVID-19 pandemic and racial upheaval following the murder of George Floyd. Within that context, this study aimed to explore the health and well-being experiences of women students of color and international women students at a university in the Midwestern United States in 2020-2021. This participatory, transnational study utilized a virtual adaptation of Photovoice with 14 participants who joined the study from five different countries. Participatory elements included participant co-researchers co-leading development of the photo "mission," icebreakers, naming of the project, design of the project logo, choosing photos for discussion and exhibits, initial analysis of emergent themes, and approval and editing of photos for exhibit. Inductive thematic analysis revealed three themes: (1) grief and loss, (2) barriers and facilitators to social health, and (3) fear and stress from simultaneous social stressors. Data was not mutually exclusive with some photos and narratives illustrating more than one theme. The women experienced grief and loss while negotiating effects of social isolation and adapting to maintain social health. Negative mental and emotional health experiences were amplified as the social context of police brutality and anti-immigrant sentiments overlaid the stress of the pandemic. Study results demonstrate need for increased and tailored health and social service support for women students of color and international women university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McMorrow
- Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- U.S. Fulbright Scholar 2022-2023 with Makerere University, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou GY, Yang B, Li H, Feng QS, Chen WY. The influence of physical exercise on college students' life satisfaction: The chain mediating role of self-control and psychological distress. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1071615. [PMID: 36760450 PMCID: PMC9902701 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between physical exercise and life satisfaction among college students and test the dual mediating role of self-control and psychological distress between them. Methods A sample of 526 Chinese college students completed questionnaires regarding physical exercise, life satisfaction, self-control and psychological distress, of which 38.4% were boys. Results Path analyzes indicated that physical exercise was positively correlated with life satisfaction, and this link could be mediated by self-control and psychological distress. Conclusion The present study identifies the potential underlying mechanism by which physical exercise is associated with the life satisfaction of college students, which has important implications for theory and prevention.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoo GE, Hong SJ, Chong HJ. Nighttime Walking with Music: Does Music Mediate the Influence of Personal Distress on Perceived Safety? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031383. [PMID: 35162401 PMCID: PMC8835712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in identifying the environmental factors that contribute to individuals’ perceptions of safety and sense of well-being in public spaces. As such, this study examined how music listening during nighttime walking influenced female university students’ psychological state and perceptions of their campus. A total of 178 female university students with a mean age of 23.0 years participated in this study. One group of 78 students listened to prerecorded music while walking across their campus at night, while the other 100 students did not listen to music during nighttime walking. Immediately following their nighttime walking, participants were asked to rate their psychological state, perceptions on the safety of their campus, and the music (only for the music-listening group). For the non-music-listening group, significant correlations were found between the perceived safety of the campus and psychological states (both anxiety and psychological distress); the correlations were not significant in the music-listening group. The results indicate that music can mediate psychological states, supporting the proactive use of music as a psychological resource for coping with their perceptions of adverse environments. Given the limitations of this preliminary study, further studies with controlled music listening conditions, type of music, and environmental issues are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eul Yoo
- Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Sung Jin Hong
- KU Program in Urban Regeneration, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Strategic Sales HQ Consulting Group, S-1 Corporation, Seoul 04511, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Chong
- Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson KF, Brookover DL, Bradbrook K. Social health needs and promotive health factors scale for college students: Scale development and initial validation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:74-83. [PMID: 32101095 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1725021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective The psychometric properties of a measure of social determinants of health for college students entitled, The LIFESCREEN-C was developed. Participants: A sample of 226 college students completing an online survey during the 2018-2019 academic year. Methods: Tetrachoric correlations were used to confirm a three factor model. Results: Results found model fit; convergent validity with a measure of general health; and adequate internal reliability. Conclusions: The three model fit included: general social health needs, college student social health needs, and promotive social health factors. Implications for health professionals in college settings concludes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaprea F Johnson
- Department of Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dana L Brookover
- Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Keighly Bradbrook
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Szymanski DM, Strauss Swanson C, Carretta RF. Interpersonal Sexual Objectification, Fear of Rape, and U.S. College Women’s Depression. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|