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Aduma PJ, Gupta SV, Stuart AL. Interaction of 5-Methoxymethyl-2′-Deoxyuridine Triphosphate with DNA Polymerases: Effects of the 5-Substituent and Comparison with the Deoxycytidine Derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029200300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
5-Methoxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (MMdUrd) is a selective anti-herpes agent that is dependent upon initial phosphorylation by Herpes simplex virus-induced deoxythymidine kinase. In order to determine its mechanism of action, MMdUrd was converted to the 5′-triphosphate (MMdUTP) and the nature of interaction of MMdUTP and dTTP with DNA polymerase of E. coli, HSV-1, and human α was investigated. The order of utilization of deoxyuridine analogues by bacterial and HSV-1 DNA polymerases for DNA synthesis was: dTTP > MMdUTP. In contrast, 5-methoxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate (MMdCTP) was a better substrate for HSV DNA polymerase compared to dCTP. MMdUTP is a competitive inhibitor of HSV-1 DNA polymerase with respect to dTTP incorporation (Ki = 2.9 × 10−6M). The IC50 values of MMdUTP for both HSV and human αDNA polymerases were 4.5 × 10 −6M. These data suggest that the selective activity of MMdUrd is due to its preferential phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase and not at the DNA polymerase level. These results may also account for the difference in anti-HSV activity between MMdUrd and its deoxycytidine analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Aduma
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
| | - S. V. Gupta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
| | - A. L. Stuart
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
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Loakes D, Brown DM, Mahmood N, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Antiviral Activity of Bicyclic Pyrimidine Nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029500600604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of pyrimidine nucleosides, which may show two hydrogen bonding modes, have been prepared and tested for antiviral activity against a series of viruses. Whilst none of the compounds described showed significant activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the bicyclic 2′-deoxynucleoside, [2], derived from the base 6H,8H-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7-one, was shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at similar concentrations as BVDU1 and ACV. Compounds 13, 6-(2-deoxyribofuranosyl)-6H,8H-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7-one, and 14, N4-hydroxy-5-(2-chloroethyl)-2′-deoxyuridine, were as active as ACV against varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Loakes
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH
| | - D. M. Brown
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH
| | - N. Mahmood
- Medical Research Council Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, London, NW7 1AD
| | - J. Balzarini
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven
| | - E. De Clercq
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven
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Mustafin AG, Petrova MA, Gataullin RR, Spirikhin LV, Fatykhov AA, Abdrakhmanov IB, Chertanova LF, Tolstikov GA. Structure of 1-β-d-xylofuranosyluracil in the crystal and in solution. Russ Chem Bull 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02495561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Al-Masoudi NA, Pfleiderer W. Synthesis and reactions of 1-(5-azido-5-deoxy-3-O-p toluenesulfonyl-β-d-xylofuranosyl) derivatives of 5-alkyl- and 5-halo-pyrimidines. Carbohydr Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00110-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abdel-Megied AE, Hansen P, Pedersen EB, Nielsen C, Nielsen CM. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 5-alkoxymethyl-3'-azido-2',3- dideoxyuridines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1993; 326:377-81. [PMID: 8395167 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19933260702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 3-azido-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-furanosi de (3) was coupled with silylated 5-hydroxymethyluracil (1a) and its C1-C6 alkyl ethers 1b-g to give the corresponding protected nucleosides 4a-g which were deprotected with Bu4NF to afford 3-azido nucleosides 5a-g and 6a-g. The alpha-anomers 6f,g show moderate activity against HIV. No significant activity against HSV-1 was found for the compounds 5 and 6.
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Gupta VS, Aduma PJ, Jia Z, Stuart AL, Kumar VPS, Tourigny G, Delbaere LTJ. Relationship between Conformation and Antiviral Activity-II. 5-Methoxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine and 5-methoxymethyl-N 4-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine. Antivir Chem Chemother 1992. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029200300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methoxymethyl-N4-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (N4-Me-MMdCyd) and 5-methoxymethyl-N4-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine-5′-monophosphate (N4-Me-MMdCMP) were synthesized to confer resistance to deamination by deaminating enzymes. N4-Me-MMdCyd and N4-Me-MMdCMP were inactive against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and also nontoxic to VERO cells up to 1796 μM (highest concentration tested). 5-methoxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine-5′-monophosphate (MMdCMP) was more potent than the nucleoside against HSV-1 in VERO cells. In HSV-infected VERO cells (10 PFU/cell), N4-Me-MMdCyd caused only slight perturbations of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools. 5-methoxymethyl-N4-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate (N4-Me-MMdCTP) was synthesized and the nature of interaction of N4-Me-MMdCTP and dCTP with DNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, HSV-1 and human α was investigated. N4-Me-MMdCTP was neither an effective substrate nor a strong inhibitor of Escherichia coli, HSV-1 or human α DNA polymerase.The relationship between molecular conformation and antiviral activity for MMdCyd and N4-Me-MMdCyd is discussed. The conformation of the deoxyribofuranose ring in MMdCyd and N4-Me-MMdCyd are different. In N4-Me-MMdCyd, the exocyciic C(5′) side chain has the t conformation whereas MMdCyd has the g+rotomer conformation. The orientation of the N4-methyl group may also impede binding to the HSV-induced kinase by steric hindrance and/or by hindering hydrogen bonding between the enzyme and the lone pair of electrons at N(3). The results suggest that attempts to render resistance to deamination by alkylation at the N(4) position of the cytosine moiety is not likely to yield compounds with activity against HSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Physiological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - P. J. Aduma
- Department of Veterinary Physiological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - Z. Jia
- Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - A. L. Stuart
- Department of Veterinary Physiological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - V. P. S. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - G. Tourigny
- Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - L. T. J. Delbaere
- Department of Biochemistry University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
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