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Sirtoli R, Mata GDG, Rodrigues R, Martinez-Vizcaíno V, López-Gil JF, Guidoni CM, Mesas AE. Is evening chronotype associated with higher alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1467-1479. [PMID: 37974373 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A broader understanding of whether and to what extent chronotype should be considered a risk factor for alcohol consumption is needed. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the association between evening chronotype and alcohol consumption. A systematic search of observational studies on this association was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases up to April 30th, 2023. Random-effect models estimated the pooled odds ratio (OR) of alcohol consumption according to chronotype. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohorts and Cross-sectional Studies from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute were followed. A total of 33 studies involving 28 207 individuals (age range: 18-93 years) were included in this review. Overall, most studies indicated a higher volume and frequency of alcohol consumption in evening-type individuals than in individuals with different chronotypes. Additionally, a meta-analysis including 13 studies showed that evening-type individuals were 41% more likely to consume alcohol than those with other chronotypes (OR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.66; I2 = 38.0%). Limitations of the present findings are the predominance of cross-sectional studies and varied definitions of alcohol consumption. The available evidence supports an association between the evening chronotype and alcohol consumption. The evening-type population, especially young adults, is a specific target for educational interventions for preventing or reducing alcohol consumption.PROSPERO number: CRD42022343778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Sirtoli
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Renne Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vicente Martinez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Camilo Molino Guidoni
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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Yang Y, Li SX, Zhang Y, Wang F, Jiang DJ, Wang SJ, Cao P, Gong QH. Chronotype is associated with eating behaviors, physical activity and overweight in school-aged children. Nutr J 2023; 22:50. [PMID: 37798740 PMCID: PMC10557201 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A later chronotype has been found to be associated with unhealthy habits and diseases, such as an unhealthy diet and metabolic syndrome in adults. Little is known about the association between chronotype, eating habits, physical activity and obesity. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationships between chronotype, eating behaviors, physical activity, and overweight in Chinese school-aged children. METHODS Data from this study was based on 952 schoolchildren (10-12 y) from six primary schools that participated in China. Anthropometric measurements of height and body weight were performed. Information about sleeping habits, dietary behaviors, and other lifestyle behaviors was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis or multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess the associations between chronotype, eating behaviors, physical activity, and overweight. RESULTS Nearly 70% (69.9%) of the participants had a self-reported morning chronotype. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed chronotype score was positively associated with physical activities (all P values < 0.001) and sleep duration (all P values < 0.001) and negatively associated with BMI, meal time, eating jet lag and social jet lag (all P values < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared to morning types, non-morning types individuals were more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.593, P value < 0.05), and had more frequent consumption of fast food (OR = 1.616, P value < 0.05), but less frequent consumption of milk (OR = 0.716, P value < 0.05), less time taking part in moderate (OR = 1.356, P value < 0.05) or muscle strengthening (OR = 1.393, 1.877, P value < 0.05) physical activity. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that early chronotype children are more active, have healthier dietary habits, get more sleep, have shorter social jet lag, and are less likely to be overweight than non-early chronotype children. Our findings suggest that later chronotype may be a potential indicator in the early detection of overweight, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity behaviors. Chronotype has been found to have an important impact on individual's health. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between chronotype, eating behaviors, physical activity, and overweight in school-aged children. The findings showed that children with early chronotype is associated with more active, healthier dietary behaviors, longer sleep duration, short social jet lag, and a lower risk of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Si-Xuan Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Dan-Jie Jiang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Si-Jia Wang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Peng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Qing-Hai Gong
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
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Hawkins MS, Pokutnaya DY, Duan D, Coughlin JW, Martin LM, Zhao D, Goheer A, Woolf TB, Holzhauer K, Lehmann HP, Lent MR, McTigue KM, Bennett WL. Associations between sleep health and obesity and weight change in adults: The Daily24 Multisite Cohort Study. Sleep Health 2023; 9:767-773. [PMID: 37268482 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of individual sleep domains and multidimensional sleep health with current overweight or obesity and 5-year weight change in adults. METHODS We estimated sleep regularity, quality, timing, onset latency, sleep interruptions, duration, and napping using validated questionnaires. We calculated multidimensional sleep health using a composite score (total number of "good" sleep health indicators) and sleep phenotypes derived from latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between sleep and overweight or obesity. Multinomial regression was used to examine associations between sleep and weight change (gain, loss, or maintenance) over a median of 1.66 years. RESULTS The sample included 1016 participants with a median age of 52 (IQR = 37-65), who primarily identified as female (78%), White (79%), and college-educated (74%). We identified 3 phenotypes: good, moderate, and poor sleep. More regularity of sleep, sleep quality, and shorter sleep onset latency were associated with 37%, 38%, and 45% lower odds of overweight or obesity, respectively. The addition of each good sleep health dimension was associated with 16% lower adjusted odds of having overweight or obesity. The adjusted odds of overweight or obesity were similar between sleep phenotypes. Sleep, individual or multidimensional sleep health, was not associated with weight change. CONCLUSIONS Multidimensional sleep health showed cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, associations with overweight or obesity. Future research should advance our understanding of how to assess multidimensional sleep health to understand the relationship between all aspects of sleep health and weight over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis S Hawkins
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Darya Y Pokutnaya
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daisy Duan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janelle W Coughlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay M Martin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Attia Goheer
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas B Woolf
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Professional and Applied Psychology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Holzhauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harold P Lehmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle R Lent
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Professional and Applied Psychology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen M McTigue
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wendy L Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Gubin D, Vetoshkin A, Shurkevich N, Gapon L, Borisenkov M, Cornelissen G, Weinert D. Chronotype and lipid metabolism in Arctic Sojourn Workers. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1198-1208. [PMID: 37700623 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This study relates answers to the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from Arctic Sojourn Workers (ASW) of Yamburg Settlement, 68° Latitude North, 75° Longitude East (n = 180; mean age ± SD; range: 49.2 ± 7.8; 25-66 y; 45% women) to Arctic Sojourn Work Experience (ASWE), age and health status. Chronotype, Mid Sleep on Free Days sleep corrected (MSFsc) and sleep characteristics of ASW were compared to those of age-matched Tyumen Residents (TR, n = 270; mean age ± SD; range: 48.4 ± 8.4; 25-69 y; 48% women), 57° Latitude North, 65° Longitude East. ASW have earlier MSFsc than TR (70 min in men, p < 0.0001, and 45 min in women, p < 0.0001). Unlike TR, their MSFsc was not associated with age (r = 0.037; p = 0.627) and was linked to a larger Social Jet Lag (+21 min in men; p = 0.003, and +18 min in women; p = 0.003). These differences were not due to outdoor light exposure (OLE): OLE on work (OLEw) or free (OLEf) days was not significantly different between ASW and TR in men and was significantly less in ASW than in TR women (OLEw: -31 min; p < 0.001; OLEf: -24 min; p = 0.036). ASWE, but not age, was associated with compromised lipid metabolism in men. After accounting for multiple testing, when corrected for age and sex, higher triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein ratio, TG/HDL correlated with ASWE (r = 0.271, p < 0.05). In men, greater SJL was associated with lower HDL (r = -0.204; p = 0.043). Worse proxies of metabolic health were related to unfavorable components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in ASW. Higher OLE on free days was associated with lower systolic (b = -0.210; p < 0.05) and diastolic (b = -0.240; p < 0.05) blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gubin
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Vetoshkin
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Medical Unit, Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC, Novy Urengoy, Russia
| | - Nina Shurkevich
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Gapon
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Borisenkov
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Germaine Cornelissen
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dietmar Weinert
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Aguglia A, Natale A, Conio B, De Michiel CF, Lechiara A, Pastorino F, Fusar-Poli L, Costanza A, Amerio A, Amore M, Serafini G. Chronotype and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Preliminary Findings. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5621. [PMID: 37685688 PMCID: PMC10488628 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic alterations are very common in bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between chronotype and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with a primary diagnosis of BD. This study is an observational clinical investigation including 170 subjects consecutively admitted to the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit of the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Genoa, Italy), recruited over a period of 48 months. A psychometric tool assessing chronotype was administered and blood tests were performed. Furthermore, the atherogenic coefficient ((total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol)/HDL cholesterol), and Castelli risk index-I (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol) and -II (LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol) were calculated. Patients with BD and an eveningness chronotype showed a higher body mass index, total and low-density lipotrotein cholesterol compared to patients with BD and an intermediate or morning chronotype. Furthermore, the Atherogenic Coefficient and Castelli Risk-Index I-II were found to be higher in bipolar patients with an evening chronotype. The role of chronotype in the development of obesity and cardiovascular risk is, therefore, a relationship worth being investigated, especially in the context of BD, to ameliorate the clinical and therapeutic approach, aiming at increasing the quality of life and reducing the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Antimo Natale
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Clio Franziska De Michiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessio Lechiara
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Pastorino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service (SPA), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.F.D.M.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Li DL, Liang G, Yin ZJ, Li YZ, Zheng YJ, Qin Y, Zhang YJ, Pan CW. Associations between sleep characteristics, chronotype and body mass index among Chinese college freshmen. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:803-811. [PMID: 37154043 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2210667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that sleep problem is a behavioral risk factor of obesity. However, few research have applied a multi-dimensional approach to investigate the relationship between sleep health and adiposity. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the associations of sleep characteristics (duration, quality) and chronotype with overweight/obesity as measured by body mass index. Data were obtained from 2014 college students from the Dali University in the Yunnan province of China in the year 2021. Sleep characteristics and chronotype were measured using self-reported questionnaires. The presence of overweight/obesity was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline hazard models were established to examine associations between sleep characteristics, chronotype and adiposity. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and other obesity-related behavioral risk factors, evening type was positively associated with overweight/obesity, and an L-shaped dose-effect relationship was observed between chronotype scores and the presence of overweight/obesity. However, sleep duration and quality were not associated with the presence of overweight/obesity in the logistic regression models and restrictive cubic splines models. This study indicated that Chinese college students who had the evening chronotype were more likely to be affected by overweight/obesity. Chronotype as an important dimension of sleep health should be incorporated in obesity intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yue-Zu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - You-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Xu Z, Chen M, Yao Y, Yu L, Yan P, Cui H, Li P, Liao J, Zhang B, Yao Y, Liu Z, Jiang X, Liu T, Xiao C. Temporal relationship between sleep duration and obesity among Chinese Han people and ethnic minorities. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:503. [PMID: 36922806 PMCID: PMC10015728 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have assessed the association between sleep duration and obesity in Chinese ethnic minorities. Whether the relationship between sleep duration and obesity is different between Chinese Han people and Chinese ethnic minorities remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep duration and obesity among Chinese Han people and Chinese ethnic minorities. METHODS We applied data from the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study (GPHCS), which 9,280 participants were recruited in the baseline survey from 2010 to 2012, and 8,163 completed the follow-up survey from 2016 to 2020. A total of 5,096 participants (3,188 Han Chinese and 1,908 ethnic minorities) were included in the ultimate analysis. Information on sleep duration (total 24-hour sleep time), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) was collected at the baseline and follow-up survey, respectively. Cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to explore the temporal relationship between sleep duration and obesity for Han people and ethnic minorities. RESULTS For Han people, the results from cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that baseline sleep duration was significantly associated with follow-up BMI (βBMI = -0.041, 95% CIBMI: -0.072 ~ -0.009) and follow-up WC (βWC = -0.070, 95%CIWC: -0.103 ~ -0.038), but baseline BMI (βBMI = -0.016, 95% CIBMI: -0.050 ~ 0.018) and baseline WC (βWC = -0.019, 95% CIWC: -0.053 ~ 0.016) were not associated with follow-up sleep duration. In addition, the relationship between baseline sleep duration and follow-up BMI was gender-specific and significant only in the Han people female (βBMI = -0.047, 95% CIBMI: -0.090 ~ -0.003) but not in the Han people male (βBMI = -0.029, 95% CIBMI: -0.075 ~ 0.016). For ethnic minorities, the results indicated that there was no relationship between sleep duration and obesity at all, either from sleep duration to obesity (βBMI = 0.028, 95%CIBMI: -0.012 ~ 0.068; βWC = 0.020, 95%CIWC: -0.022 ~ 0.062), or from obesity to sleep duration (βBMI = -0.022, 95%CIBMI: -0.067 ~ 0.022; βWC = -0.042, 95%CIWC: -0.087 ~ 0.003). CONCLUSION The relationship pattern between sleep duration and obesity across Han people and ethnic minorities is different. Future sleep-aimed overweight and obesity intervention should be conducted according to population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuntong Yao
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Chauhan S, Norbury R, Faßbender KC, Ettinger U, Kumari V. Beyond sleep: A multidimensional model of chronotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105114. [PMID: 36868368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype can be defined as an expression or proxy for circadian rhythms of varied mechanisms, for example in body temperature, cortisol secretion, cognitive functions, eating and sleeping patterns. It is influenced by a range of internal (e.g., genetics) and external factors (e.g., light exposure), and has implications for health and well-being. Here, we present a critical review and synthesis of existing models of chronotype. Our observations reveal that most existing models and, as a consequence, associated measures of chronotype have focused solely or primarily on the sleep dimension, and typically have not incorporated social and environmental influences on chronotype. We propose a multidimensional model of chronotype, integrating individual (biological and psychological), environmental and social factors that appear to interact to determine an individual's true chronotype with potential feedback loops between these factors. This model could be beneficial not only from a basic science perspective but also in the context of understanding health and clinical implications of certain chronotypes as well as designing preventive and therapeutic approaches for related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Chauhan
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ray Norbury
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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9
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Hayes BL, Vabistsevits M, Martin RM, Lawlor DA, Richmond RC, Robinson T. Establishing causal relationships between sleep and adiposity traits using Mendelian randomization. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:861-870. [PMID: 36790827 PMCID: PMC10946465 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the direction of any potential causal effect between sleep and adiposity traits. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization was used to assess the association of genetically predicted sleep traits with adiposity and vice versa. Using data from UK Biobank and 23andMe, the sleep traits explored were morning preference (chronotype; N = 697,828), insomnia (N = 1,331,010), sleep duration (N = 446,118), napping (N = 452,633), and daytime sleepiness (N = 452,071). Using data from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) and Early Growth Genetics (EGG) consortia, the adiposity traits explored were adult BMI, hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR; N = 322,154), and childhood BMI (N = 35,668). RESULTS This study found evidence that insomnia symptoms increased mean WC, BMI, and WHR (difference in means, WC = 0.39 SD [95% CI: 0.13-0.64], BMI = 0.47 SD [95% CI: 0.22-0.73], and WHR = 0.34 SD [95% CI: 0.16-0.52]). Napping increased mean WHR (0.23 SD [95% CI: 0.08-0.39]). Higher HC, WC, and adult BMI increased odds of daytime sleepiness (HC = 0.02 SD [95% CI: 0.01-0.04], WC = 0.04 SD [95% CI: 0.01-0.06], and BMI 0.02 SD [95% CI: 0.00-0.04]). This study also found that higher mean childhood BMI resulted in lower odds of napping (-0.01 SD [95% CI: 0.02-0.00]). CONCLUSIONS The effects of insomnia on adiposity and of adiposity on daytime sleepiness suggest that poor sleep and weight gain may contribute to a feedback loop that could be detrimental to overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony L. Hayes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Marina Vabistsevits
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston National Health Services Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston National Health Services Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Timothy Robinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Bristol Cancer InstituteUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston National Health Services Foundation TrustBristolUK
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10
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Abstract
Referring to the hours during a day when a person's physical and cognitive functions are active, the chronotype indicates the differences in individual preferences in sleep timing and other behaviors. The fact that the evening chronotype has been associated with adverse health outcomes has raised the issue of relationship between chronotype and obesity. This study aims to synthesize the evidence regarding the relationship between chronotype and obesity. As part of the study, the PubMed, OVID-LWW, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane Library and ULAKBIM databases were screened for the articles published between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020. The quality of each study was assessed independently by the two researchers using the "Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies." Upon evaluating the screening results, a total of seven studies, one of high quality and six of medium quality, were included in the systematic review. The rate of the minor allele (C) genes, which have been associated with obesity, and SIRT1-CLOCK genes, which have an additional effect in favor of resistance against weight loss, is higher in individuals of evening chronotype, and such individuals have been observed to have significantly higher resistance to weight loss. The evening chronotype individuals have been associated with a higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) value, higher plasma ghrelin levels, and a tendency toward a higher body mass index (BMI). The evening chronotypes have been reported to adhere less to a healthy diet and have more unhealthy behaviors and eating patterns. A diet adjusted to the chronotype has been seen to be more effective than conventional hypocaloric diet therapy in terms of anthropometric parameters. Most people who eat their main meals late are of evening chronotype, and such people have been determined to lose significantly less weight than those who eat early. It has been shown that bariatric surgery is less effective in weight loss in evening chronotype patients than in morning chronotype patients. The evening chronotypes are less successful in adapting to weight loss treatments and long-term weight control than the morning chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Ekiz Erim
- Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Havva Sert
- Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
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11
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Al Abdullatif RA, Alkahtani S, Finlayson G, Alhussain MH. Chronotypes and their Association with Obesity-Related Lifestyle Behaviors among Young Female Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1305. [PMID: 36674062 PMCID: PMC9859457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have emerged as key influences on lifestyle behaviors. Circadian rhythms vary inter-individually, and people can be stratified by circadian preference, known as their chronotype, from extreme morning types to extreme evening types. Young adults undergo chronotype changes that involve shifts from morning to evening types. We aimed to examine the association between chronotype and obesity-related lifestyle behaviors, including dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep patterns, among young females. A total of 387 college female students aged 18-25 years completed this cross-sectional study. The participants were classified into three groups (morning, intermediate, and evening types) according to the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ; long version) score. Each individual's anthropometry and body composition were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The Bouchard Three-Day Physical Activity Record was used to assess physical activity levels. Sleep patterns were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The differences between chronotype groups were tested using a Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The chronotypes were significantly associated with sleep quality (p = 0.010) and daytime sleepiness (p = 0.035). However, no significant associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep duration with the chronotypes were found. Our results show that both sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were associated with the chronotypes. Further research is warranted to identify the potential bidirectional associations between circadian rhythms and lifestyle behaviors among different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan A. Al Abdullatif
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaea Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Beaulieu K, Bin Hudayb A, Alhussain M, Finlayson G, Alkahtani S. Impact of exercise timing on perceived appetite and food reward in early and late chronotypes: An exploratory study in a male Saudi sample. Appetite 2023; 180:106364. [PMID: 36343870 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is very limited evidence on the influence of diurnal exercise timing on appetite control, and none on food reward or how an individual's chronotype could moderate such effects. We examined the impact of acute exercise timing on perceived appetite and food reward in young Saudi adults with early or late chronotypes. Forty-five young adults (23 ± 4 years; BMI = 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2) completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and were divided into early (score = 59 ± 5) or late (score = 41 ± 6) chronotypes. Participants attended the laboratory after ≥4 h fast on two occasions for an AM (8:00-10:00) and PM (17:00-19:00) 30-min moderate-intensity cycling bout in a randomized counterbalanced order. Appetite ratings and food reward (Arab Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) were measured before and after exercise. An acute exercise-induced decrease in hunger was found, which appeared to be dependent upon diurnal timing and chronotype, with hunger being more suppressed after AM exercise in the early chronotypes and after PM exercise in the late chronotypes. There was greater wanting for low-fat sweet foods after AM exercise relative to PM exercise, whereas there was greater wanting for high-fat sweet food and sweet relative to savoury food after PM exercise compared to AM exercise. These preliminary findings suggest that diurnal timing of exercise impacts food preferences, and that chronotype may influence the appetite response to an exercise bout at different times of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Abdulrahman Bin Hudayb
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shaea Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Muscogiuri G. The EASO New Investigator Award in Clinical Research 2021: Role of Chronotype in Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:131-140. [PMID: 36349806 PMCID: PMC10028370 DOI: 10.1159/000527691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype is the expression of the timing of circadian rhythmicity of a subject, and three categories of chronotype have been identified: morning, evening, and intermediate chronotype. Subjects with morning chronotype prefer to carry out most of their daily activities in the morning, while subjects with evening chronotype perform most of their daily activities in the second half of the day. Intermediate chronotype is in an intermediate position between the above reported categories. Recently, evening chronotype has been associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this manuscript was to review the current evidence on the role of chronotype categories on the risk of developing obesity and the most common obesity-related comorbidities (cardiometabolic and neoplastic complications). SUMMARY Subjects with evening chronotype have been reported to be at high risk of developing obesity, and this was mostly due to the tendency of these subjects to follow unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by sedentary behavior and high intake of unhealthy food. In addition, sleep disturbances are a common finding in subjects with evening chronotype that in turn could further contribute to the risk of obesity. The impairment of insulin sensitivity, melatonin, adiponectin, and clock genes function along with increase of leptin secretion detected in subjects with evening chronotype could also represent a favorable milieu for the onset of obesity-related cancer. The current evidence is limited to breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer. KEY MESSAGES The chronotype categories could be easy assessed in subjects with obesity and at the same time provide an important information on an additional risk factor predisposing to the onset of obesity-related comorbidities. Since chronotype could be potentially modified through a behavioral-driven approach thus potentiating the efficacy of anti-obesity treatment, the assessment of chronotype categories should be included in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per La Cura e Il Benessere Del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- *Giovanna Muscogiuri,
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14
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Al-Hazmi MH, Noorwali EA. Morning individuals in Saudi Arabia have higher self-regulation of eating behavior compared to evening types. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:223-233. [PMID: 36545690 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2158846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype is a manifestation of an individual's circadian system, which can be presented as a preference for morningness or eveningness. Evening chronotype has been linked to unhealthy dietary habits. These habits are partially from poor self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB). SREB is a goal-directed process that helps resist food temptation and achieve desired dietary outcomes. It is unclear whether chronotype is associated with SREB. This study aims to investigate the association between chronotypes and SREB. A total of 599 adults (18-50 years) enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants received an online questionnaire that collected sociodemographic, anthropometrics, chronotype through the validated reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and SREB using the SREB Questionnaire. ANOVA, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used. In adjusted models, morning types had 85% higher SREB compared to evening types (p = 0.003, OR = 1.85). Evening types found fried foods (p = 0.003), chips (p = 0.005) and French fries (p = 0.018) more tempting than morning types. These findings show a link between chronotype and SREB. Strategies focusing on SREB may help evening types improve dietary habits. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these associations. This may have important implications for lifestyle and behavioral change policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hamed Al-Hazmi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essra Abdulsalam Noorwali
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Teixeira GP, Guimarães KC, Soares AGNS, Marqueze EC, Moreno CRC, Mota MC, Crispim CA. Role of chronotype in dietary intake, meal timing, and obesity: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:75-90. [PMID: 35771674 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies show that dietary habits and obesity seem to be influenced by chronotype, which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-hour period. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to analyze the association of chronotype with dietary habits, namely energy and macronutrient intakes, meal timing, and eating patterns, as well as with obesity. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases were searched between 2004 and 2020. Study selection was performed by 2 authors independently; disagreements on eligibility of articles were resolved by a third author. After assessment of 12 060 abstracts, 43 studies (21 articles on obesity; 13 on food consumption, meal timing, and eating patterns; and 9 that addressed both obesity and dietary behavior) were included. DATA EXTRACTION A standard form was used to extract study design, country, number of participants, method of chronotype determination, and main findings. DATA ANALYSIS Approximately 95% of included studies showed an association between eveningness and at least 1 unhealthy eating habit. Morningness was associated with regular consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. In addition, about 47% of studies showed a higher association between late types and obesity. CONCLUSION Late types are more likely to present unhealthy eating habits, such as eating late at night, skipping breakfast often, and eating processed/ultraprocessed foods, while early types are more likely to have healthy and protective habits, such as eating early and eating predominantly fresh/minimally processed foods. Intermediate types tend to have a pattern of health and eating more similar to early types than to late types. Late types are also more likely to present higher weight and body mass index than early or intermediate types. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256078.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Teixeira
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kisian C Guimarães
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela N S Soares
- are with the Nutrition Course, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Marqueze
- are with the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R C Moreno
- are with the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Mota
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cibele A Crispim
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,are with the Nutrition Course, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Uberlândia, Brazil
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16
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Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
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17
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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18
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The Effect of Chronotype on Addictive Eating Behavior and BMI among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142907. [PMID: 35889864 PMCID: PMC9321033 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chronotype on addictive eating behavior and BMI in university students. A questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits, as well as the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) and the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), were given to students at Üsküdar University. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 26.0. This study included a total of 850 students, 46.8% of whom were male and 53.2% were female. The mean BMI was 22.94 ± 3.30 kg/m2. As the BMI values of students increased, there was a decrease of 25.6% in the TFEQ scores, regardless of gender (s = −0.256; p < 0.001), and an increase of 10.6% in their chronotype scores, meaning that the students tended to be morning types (s = 0.106; p < 0.01). A significantly negative, very weak correlation was found between the students’ TFEQ and MEQ scores (s = −0.123; p < 0.001). The students’ BMI (p < 0.01) and TFEQ scores (p < 0.001) were affected by their MEQ scores in a statistically significant way. It was found that each 1-point increase in the MEQ score led to a 4.0% increase in the BMI score and a 15.8% decrease in the TFEQ score. It was observed that the morning-type students tended to be obese in terms of their BMI, and these students demonstrated fewer addictive eating behaviors.
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19
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Molina-Montes E, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ching-López A, Artacho R, Huerta JM, Amiano P, Lasheras C, Moreno-Iribas C, Jimenez-Zabala A, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Luján-Barroslo L, Agudo A, Jakszyn P, Quirós JR, Sánchez MJ. Circadian clock gene variants and their link with chronotype, chrononutrition, sleeping patterns and obesity in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1977-1990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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The Shades of Grey in Adipose Tissue Reprogramming. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230844. [PMID: 35211733 PMCID: PMC8905306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
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21
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Sleep Health among Racial/Ethnic groups and Strategies to achieve Sleep Health Equity. Respir Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Wong PM, Barker D, Roane BM, Van Reen E, Carskadon MA. Sleep regularity and body mass index: findings from a prospective study of first-year college students. SLEEP ADVANCES 2022; 3:zpac004. [PMID: 35187491 PMCID: PMC8851359 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Using data from a large, prospective study of sleep in first-year college students, we examined whether students’ sleep regularity is associated with body mass index (BMI) and BMI change (∆BMI) during their first college semester. In a subset of participants, we also tested whether dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase and DLMO-bedtime phase angle are associated with BMI and ∆BMI.
Methods
Analyses included data from 581 students (mean age = 18.7 ± 0.5 years; 58% female; 48% non-white) who had their height and weight assessed at the start of classes (T1) and end of 9 weeks. Participants completed online daily sleep diaries from which total sleep time (TST) and the sleep regularity index (SRI) were calculated. Among participants who completed a DLMO protocol (n = 161), circadian phase was quantified by DLMO and circadian alignment by DLMO-bedtime phase angle. Data were analyzed with linear regressions that controlled for sex and average TST.
Results
Average SRI was 74.1 ± 8.7 (range: 25.7; 91.6). Average BMI at T1 was 22.0 ± 3.5 and participants gained 1.8 ± 2.4 kg (range: −7.2; 11.4); 39% gained 2–5 kg, 8% gained >5 kg. Lower SRI was associated with greater BMI at T1 (B = −0.06 [95% CI: −0.09; −0.02], p = 0.001) but not with ∆BMI (p = 0.062). Average TST was not significantly associated with BMI or ∆BMI, nor were circadian phase and alignment in the subsample (p’s > 0.05).
Conclusions
Sleep regularity is an understudied but relevant sleep dimension associated with BMI during young adulthood. Our findings warrant future work to examine longer-term associations between sleep regularity and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Sleep for Science Research Laboratory of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - David Barker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Brandy M Roane
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Sleep for Science Research Laboratory of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Eliza Van Reen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Sleep for Science Research Laboratory of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Circadian Positioning Systems, Inc., Providence, RI 02818, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Sleep for Science Research Laboratory of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- E.P. Bradley Hospital, Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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No Significant Effect of the Individual Chronotype on the Result of Moderate Calorie Restriction for Obesity-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114089. [PMID: 34836342 PMCID: PMC8617879 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype is the pattern of the circadian rhythm that allows an individual to optimize times of sleep and activity. It has been observed that chronotypes may associate with some conditions and diseases, including obesity. It is not known, however, whether chronotypes determine the effectiveness of weight loss regimens. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the outcomes of a 3-week moderate calorie restriction undertaken by individuals with obesity under the same controlled hospital conditions. METHODS A total of 131 participants with obesity (median BMI 40.0) were studied. The subjects underwent the same dietary intervention over 3 weeks, with a 30% reduction in daily caloric intake. The individual chronotypes were assessed by the morning and evening questionnaire (MEQ) according to Horne and Östberg. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed by routine methods. RESULTS Of all patients examined, 75% had the morning (lark) chronotype and 25% had the evening (owl) chronotype. These patient sub-groups did not differ in terms of demographic, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics at baseline. After 3 weeks of calorie restriction, both groups experienced a similar loss of weight and BMI (Body Mass Index) (3.4 ± 0.38% for larks vs. 4.1 ± 0.47% for owls, p = 0.45), with owls exhibiting a marginally greater loss of body fat (3.1 ± 0.79%) compared with larks (2.6 ± 0.64%), p = 0.02. On the other hand, the larks had a more discernable, but not statistically significant from owls, decrease in glycated haemoglobin and CRP (C Reactive Protein). CONCLUSIONS The chronotype of individuals with obesity does not have a significant effect on the magnitude of the body weight loss, but there is a tendency observed towards the reduction in body fat content in owls through changing their meal and sleep timing to earlier hours, in response to moderate calorie restriction applied under the same controlled conditions.
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Lotti S, Pagliai G, Colombini B, Sofi F, Dinu M. Chronotype Differences in Energy Intake, Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters, Cancer, and Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:269-281. [PMID: 34549270 PMCID: PMC8803479 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is a behavioral manifestation of the internal circadian clock system. It refers to the specific activity-rest preference of an individual over a 24-h period and can be assessed using different methodologies that classify individuals into morning or evening chronotype. In recent years, several studies have suggested a relation between individual chronotype, eating habits, and the risk of developing obesity and other conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the association between chronotype, energy intake, and health status through a meta-analytic approach. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database was conducted. Observational studies that reported a measure of association between chronotype, energy intake, and health indicators were considered eligible. Overall, 39 observational studies (37 cross-sectional studies, 2 prospective cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with a total of 377,797 subjects. By comparing morning and evening subjects, pooled analyses of cross-sectional studies showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of blood glucose [mean difference (MD): 7.82; 95% CI: 3.18, 12.45], glycated hemoglobin (MD: 7.64; 95% CI: 3.08, 12.21), LDL cholesterol (MD: 13.69; 95% CI: 6.84, 20.54), and triglycerides (MD: 12.62; 95% CI: 0.90, 24.35) in evening subjects. Furthermore, an association between evening type and the risk of diabetes (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.41), cancer (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and depression (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.88) was reported. Regarding the other outcomes examined, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of energy intake, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol, and hypertension risk. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile and higher risk of diabetes, cancer, and depression. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to better elucidate the interplay between chronotype, nutrition, and health status. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42021231044.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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25
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, Modica R, Laudisio D, Aprano S, Faggiano A, Colao A, Savastano S. Chronotype: what role in the context of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors? J Transl Med 2021; 19:324. [PMID: 34330303 PMCID: PMC8325322 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype is defined as a trait determining the subject circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms relative to external light-dark cycle. Although individual differences in chronotype have been associated with an increased risk of developing some types of cancer, no studies have been carried out in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). MATERIALS We investigate the differences in chronotype between 109 GEP-NET and 109 healthy subjects, gender-, age-, and BMI-matched; and its correlation with tumor aggressiveness. RESULTS GEP-NET patients have a lower chronotype score (p = 0.035) and a higher percentage of evening chronotype (p = 0.003) than controls. GEP-NET patients with morning chronotype had lower BMI, waist circumference, and higher percentage of MetS (p < 0.001) than evening type. Interestingly, considering the clinical pathological characteristics, patients with the presence of metastasis, grading G2, and in progressive disease presented the lower chronotype score (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, and p = 0.002; respectively) compared to other categories. Chronotype score was negatively associated with anthropometric measurements, metabolic profile, percentage of MetS, and Ki67 index (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS GEP-NET patients have an unhealthy metabolic profile and present more commonly an evening chronotype. These results support the importance of including the assessment of chronotype in an adjunctive tool for the prevention of metabolic alterations and tumor aggressiveness of GEP-NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy.
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Modica
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Aprano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12003. [PMID: 34099766 PMCID: PMC8184740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eveningness, a preference for later sleep and rise times, has been associated with a number of negative outcomes in terms of both physical and mental health. A large body of evidence links eveningness to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, to date, evidence quantifying this association is limited. The current meta-analysis included 43 effect sizes from a total 27,996 participants. Using a random-effects model it was demonstrated that eveningness is associated with a small effect size (Fisher's Z = - 2.4, 95% CI [- 0.27. - 0.21], p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, with meta-regression analyses demonstrating a significant effect of mean age on the association between diurnal preference and depression. There was also evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's test. The association between diurnal preference and depression is small in magnitude and heterogenous. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings linking diurnal preference to depression and suitably powered prospective studies that allow causal inference are required.
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Bodur M, Baspinar B, Özçelik AÖ. Do sleep quality and caffeine consumption mediate the relationship between late chronotype and body mass index? Food Funct 2021; 12:5959-5966. [PMID: 34032234 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption in the effect of late chronotype on body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of a total of 661 healthy university students with a mean age of 21.4 ± 1.38 years. Within the scope of the study, The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to determine the chronotypes of individuals, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to determine sleep quality, and a 24 h physical activity record was taken to determine physical activity levels. The caffeine intake of the individuals was determined using a food frequency questionnaire for the intake of caffeinated food and beverages. The role of mediators in the effect of late chronotype on BMI was evaluated via multiple mediation analysis. RESULTS In this study, evening-type individuals had higher daily caffeine intake, worse sleep quality (P < 0.001), and higher BMI (P < 0.05). When the effect of mediators was taken into account, the negative relationship between the chronotype score and BMI was maintained (β = -0.109, 95% CI (-0.194, -0.021), P < 0.05). Decreased sleep quality had a mediated effect in this relationship [β = -0.208, 95% CI (-0.275, -0.119)], and caffeinated beverage consumption was found to have no mediator function (β = 0.040 95% CI (-0.050, 0.108), P > 0.05). CONCLUSION To conclude, eveningness chronotype had an effect on higher levels of caffeinated beverage consumption, lower sleep quality, and increased BMI. Chronotype, sleep quality, and caffeinated beverage consumption should be taken into account in studies examining the relationship between circadian rhythm and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Bodur
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Baspinar
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özfer Özçelik
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
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Zuraikat FM, St-Onge MP, Makarem N, Boege HL, Xi H, Aggarwal B. Evening Chronotype Is Associated with Poorer Habitual Diet in US Women, with Dietary Energy Density Mediating a Relation of Chronotype with Cardiovascular Health. J Nutr 2021; 151:1150-1158. [PMID: 33758908 PMCID: PMC8112764 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An innate preference for later timing of sleep and activity, termed evening chronotype, is linked to poorer cardiovascular health (CVH). However, associations of chronotype with specific health behaviors in US women are not well characterized. Of particular interest is habitual diet, because <1% of US adults meet recommendations for a healthful diet. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate cross-sectional and prospective associations of chronotype with diet quantity and quality in US women, and to assess whether dietary energy density (ED), a robust predictor of cardiometabolic outcomes, mediates an established chronotype-CVH relation. METHODS Data were collected from participants in the AHA Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network cohort (aged 20-76 y; 61% racial/ethnic minority) at baseline (n = 487) and 1-y follow-up (n = 432). Chronotype (evening compared with morning/intermediate) and habitual diet were ascertained from the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and an FFQ, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models evaluated cross-sectional and prospective associations of chronotype with diet. Causal mediation analyses assessed whether dietary ED mediated a relation between chronotype and CVH, quantified using AHA Life's Simple 7 score, derived from clinical measurements and validated assessments of CVH components. RESULTS Evening compared with morning/intermediate chronotype was associated with poorer diet quality, including lower intakes of plant protein (cross-sectional: β = -0.63 ± 0.24, P < 0.01; prospective: β = -0.62 ± 0.26, P = 0.01), fiber (cross-sectional: β = -2.19 ± 0.65, P < 0.001; prospective: β = -2.39 ± 0.66, P < 0.001), and fruits and vegetables (cross-sectional: β = -1.24 ± 0.33, P < 0.001; prospective: β = -1.15 ± 0.36, P = 0.001). Evening chronotype was also associated with higher dietary ED at baseline (β = 0.20 ± 0.05, P = 0.001) and 1 y (β = 0.19 ± 0.06, P = 0.001). Dietary ED was a partial mediator of the association between evening chronotype and poorer CVH (24.6 ± 9.1%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Evening chronotype could contribute to unhealthful dietary patterns in US women, with higher dietary ED partially mediating the relation between eveningness and poorer CVH. Behavioral interventions to reduce dietary ED might mitigate cardiovascular disease risk in women with evening chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris M Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Huaqing Xi
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Suikki T, Maukonen M, Partonen T, Jousilahti P, Kanerva N, Männistö S. Association between social jet lag, quality of diet and obesity by diurnal preference in Finnish adult population. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:720-731. [PMID: 33557623 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1876721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The evening type has been associated with unhealthy behaviors and adverse health outcomes, such as unhealthy dietary habits and obesity. Misalignment between biological and social rhythms, referred to as social jet lag (SJL), has been considered to explain these outcomes, because evening types are more prone to SJL. However, the existing evidence has been inconsistent and SJL by diurnal preference has hardly been examined. We examined the associations between SJL, the quality of the diet, and the prevalence of obesity by diurnal preference. This dataset included 6779 Finns (55% women, aged 25-74 years) from the National FINRISK 2012 and DILGOM 2014 studies. Diurnal preference was assessed with a shortened version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). SJL was calculated with the sleep-corrected formula (SJLsc). SJL was divided into three groups by the degree of SJL (<1h, ≥1h but <2h and ≥2h). The dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the quality of the diet with the Baltic Sea Diet Score. Body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post-hoc tests and logistic regression models were used to analyze the differences between the lowest and the highest SJL groups by diurnal preference. In the highest SJL group (≥2h), there were more evening types than morning types (7%-points, p < .001). Overall, those in the highest SJLsc group were on average younger than those in the lowest SJLsc group (p< .001). Also, those in the highest SJLsc group tended to have lower adherence to the Baltic Sea Diet compared to the participants in the lowest SJLsc group, but this difference reached significance only in morning types (p = .006). Furthermore, morning types in the highest SJLsc group had higher BMI and WC compared to the morning types in the lowest SJLsc group (BMI, p = .016; WC, p = .012). In conclusion, evening types had on average more SJL than morning types, but the degree of SJL was associated with the quality of the diet and obesity only in the morning types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Suikki
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Maukonen M, Havulinna AS, Männistö S, Kanerva N, Salomaa V, Partonen T. Genetic Associations of Chronotype in the Finnish General Population. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:501-511. [PMID: 32579418 PMCID: PMC7534025 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420935328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a later chronotype (evening types) tend to have unhealthier behaviors and increased morbidity and mortality as compared with those with an earlier chronotype (morning types). However, the role of genetics in explaining evening types' adverse health and health behavior is unclear. Our aim was to study genetic associations of chronotype among 8433 Finns from the cross-sectional National FINRISK 2007 and 2012 studies. First, we studied associations between chronotype and 20 key clock genes with a candidate-gene approach and then performed a full genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronotype. We also developed a genetic risk score (GRS) for chronotype based on 313 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been associated with chronotype. Chronotype was assessed with a shortened version of Horne and Östberg's Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (sMEQ), and for comparison, we also used the single self-evaluation question on chronotype from the questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis assuming additive effects. The clock gene analysis revealed 1 independent association signal within NR1D2 (lead SNP rs4131403) that was associated with chronotype (p < 0.05; as based on both chronotype assessment methods). The GWAS analysis did not yield any genome-wide significant associations (p > 5 × 10-8). However, higher GRS was associated with evening chronotype (p < 0.001; as based on both chronotype assessment methods). In conclusion, our findings indicated novel genetic associations between chronotype and the NR1D2 clock gene, which has previously been associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the GRS was able to capture the genetic aspect of chronotype in our study population. These findings expand our knowledge of the genetic basis of chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM/HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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