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Baker LN, Fuglestad AJ. Parent's use of coercive control practices with food is associated with poorer emotion regulation and increased emotional overeating in preschoolers. Appetite 2024; 201:107608. [PMID: 39029529 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Emotional overeating is defined as eating in response to emotions. Around the preschool years, there is a shift from emotional undereating to overeating, which suggests environmental influences in the development of overeating. The use of food by parents to control their child's emotions, rather than to teach them appropriate emotion regulation strategies, may impact the child's ability to regulate their own emotions, resulting in emotional overeating. We hypothesized that such coercive control practices with food by parents would be associated with poorer ability of the child to regulate their own emotions, which in turn would lead to increased emotional overeating, but not emotional undereating. Mothers of four- and five-year-olds (N = 221) were recruited through MTurk and Prolific to complete online questionnaires measuring food parenting practices (Comprehensive Feeding Style Questionnaire and Parent Feeding Style Questionnaire), child emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Checklist), and child emotional eating (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Several mediation models were tested. Parent's use of food to control emotions and behavior was associated with higher levels of emotional overeating, which was mediated by poorer child emotion regulation. However, child emotion regulation did not mediate the association between parent's use of food to control emotions and behavior and the child's emotional undereating. Taken together, these models suggest that parent's use of coercive control with food may lead to child emotional overeating, but not emotional undereating, by teaching children to regulate their emotions through eating rather than more adaptive regulation strategies. Future experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to directly test the nature and direction of these associations and whether coercive control with food teaches children to overeat in response to their emotions in lieu of using appropriate emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Anita J Fuglestad
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
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2
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Bohrer BK, Chen Y, Christensen KA, Forbush KT, Thomeczek ML, Richson BN, Chapa DAN, Jarmolowicz DP, Gould SR, Negi S, Perko VL, Morgan RW. A pilot multiple-baseline study of a mobile cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of eating disorders in university students. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1623-1636. [PMID: 37213077 PMCID: PMC10765960 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality that are prevalent among university students. Because many students do not receive treatment due to lack of access on university campuses, mobile-health (mHealth) adaptations of evidence-based treatments represent an opportunity to increase treatment accessibility and engagement. The purpose of this study was to test the initial efficacy of Building Healthy Eating and Self-Esteem Together for University Students (BEST-U), which is a 10-week mHealth self-guided cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-gsh) app that is paired with a brief 25-30-min weekly telehealth coaching, for reducing ED psychopathology in university students. METHOD A non-concurrent multiple-baseline design (N = 8) was used to test the efficacy of BEST-U for reducing total ED psychopathology (primary outcome), ED-related behaviors and cognitions (secondary outcomes), and ED-related clinical impairment (secondary outcome). Data were examined using visual analysis and Tau-BC effect-size calculations. RESULTS BEST-U significantly reduced total ED psychopathology and binge eating, excessive exercise, and restriction (effect sizes ranged from -0.39 to -0.92). Although body dissatisfaction decreased, it was not significant. There were insufficient numbers of participants engaging in purging to evaluate purging outcomes. Clinical impairment significantly reduced from pre-to-post-treatment. DISCUSSION The current study provided initial evidence that BEST-U is a potentially efficacious treatment for reducing ED symptoms and ED-related clinical impairment. Although larger-scale randomized controlled trials are needed, BEST-U may represent an innovative, scalable tool that could reach greater numbers of underserved university students than traditional intervention-delivery models. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Using a single-case experimental design, we found evidence for the initial efficacy of a mobile guided-self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy program for university students with non-low weight binge-spectrum eating disorders. Participants reported significant reductions in ED symptoms and impairment after completion of the 10-week program. Guided self-help programs show promise for filling an important need for treatment among university students with an ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K. Bohrer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Kara A. Christensen
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kelsie T. Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara R. Gould
- Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sonakshi Negi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Victoria L. Perko
- University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Ma R, Cheah CSL, Buchanan NT, Barman S. An examination of individual, relational, and cultural risk for disordered eating in Asian American college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37437165 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2217714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined how individual (satisfaction of basic psychological needs), relational (perceived achievement- and dependency-oriented parental psychological control), and cultural (ethnic identity) factors may contribute to Asian American college students' (18 - 25 years of age) disordered eating. Participants: Asian American college students (N = 118) participated in the study. Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey study. Moderated mediation models were used to analyze the data. Results: Analyses showed that perceived achievement-oriented, but not dependency-oriented, parental psychological control was more strongly associated with psychological needs satisfaction at higher, compared to lower, levels of ethnic identity. Conclusions: Findings highlighted the importance of both parenting and ethnic identity among Asian American college students' psychological needs and risk for disordered eating. The complex relations among achievement expectations, ethnic identity and wellbeing in Asian Americans are discussed. The results can inform intervention and prevention programs attending to the needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Ma
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Charissa S L Cheah
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - NiCole T Buchanan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Salih Barman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shah NM, Aghamohammadi N, Thangiah N, Ng AK, Majid HA. Association between stress and eating behaviour among Malaysian adolescents prior to examination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7841. [PMID: 37188720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown the prevalence of mental health and obesity among adolescents is at increasing trend due to urbanisation and changes in lifestyle. This study is to investigate the level of stress and its impact on eating behaviour among Malaysian adolescents. A total of 797 multi-ethnic Malaysian secondary school student participated in this cross-sectional study. Data was collected two weeks prior to final year examination. A validated Cohen Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire was used to assess the stress level with subsample analysis of 261 participants' saliva cortisol level. A validated Child Eating Behaviour questionnaire was used to explore eating behaviours. There were 29.1% adolescents having high stress with the mean saliva cortisol 3.8 nmol/L. A positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and emotional overeating; stronger among urban (r = 0.32), female (r = 0.31), underweight (r = 0.34) and moderately stressed adolescents (r = 0.24). In addition, a positive correlation was found between perceived stress and food responsiveness; strongest among Malay (r = 0.23), male (r = 0.24), underweight (r = 0.30) and adolescents with high perceived stress (r = 0.24). The perceived stress level prior to exam period affects the emotional eating and external eating patterns of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfazlinda Md Shah
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nithiah Thangiah
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai Kah Ng
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- School of Chiropractor, AECC University College, Parkwood Campus, Parkwood Road, Bournemouth, BH5 2DF, Dorset, UK.
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Sun T, Yap Y, Tung YC, Bei B, Wiley JF. Coping strategies predict daily emotional reactivity to stress: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:309-317. [PMID: 37019388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional reactivity predicts poor health and psychopathology. Despite its theoretical importance, little research has tested whether coping predicts emotional reactivity to stressors. We analyse three studies to test this hypothesis for negative (NA) and positive affect (PA) reactivity to daily stressors. METHODS 422 Participants (72.5 % females, Mage = 22.79 ± 5.36) came from three longitudinal, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies across 7-15 days (ACES N = 190; DESTRESS N = 134; SHS N = 98). Coping was measured at baseline. NA, PA, and daily stressors were assessed via EMA. Mixed effects linear models tested whether coping predicted NA and PA reactivity, defined as their slope on within- and between-person daily stressors. RESULTS Behavioural disengagement and mental disengagement coping predicted greater within-person NA reactivity across all studies (all p < .01, all f2 = 0.01). Denial coping predicted greater within-person NA reactivity in ACES and DESTRESS (both p < .01, f2 from 0.02 to 0.03) and between-person in ACES and SHS (both p < .01, f2 from 0.02 to 0.03). For approach-oriented coping, only active planning coping predicted lower within-person NA reactivity and only in DESTRESS (p < .01, f2 = 0.02). Coping did not predict PA reactivity (all p > .05). LIMITATIONS Our findings cannot be generalised to children or older adults. Emotional reactivity to daily stressors may differ from severe or traumatic stressors. Although data were longitudinal, the observational design precludes establishing causality. CONCLUSIONS Avoidance-oriented coping strategies predicted greater NA reactivity to daily stressors with small effect sizes. Few and inconsistent results emerged for approach-oriented coping and PA reactivity. Clinically, our results suggest that reducing reliance on avoidance-oriented coping may reduce NA reactivity to daily stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyue Sun
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yang Yap
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Chi Tung
- Inner Melbourne Clinical Psychology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua F Wiley
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hill D, Conner M, Bristow M, O'Connor DB. Daily stress and eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: Investigating the role of cortisol reactivity and eating styles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106105. [PMID: 37028138 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related eating has been well documented in previous literature. However, there is limited research investigating the role of cortisol reactivity in daily stress-eating associations in samples of adolescents and young adults. 123 participants completed a baseline questionnaire and the Trier Social Stress Test in groups. Four saliva samples were taken at - 10, + 00, + 10 and + 40 min during the stress-induction task. Following this, participants completed an online daily diary each evening for 14 consecutive days to record daily stress and between-meal snack consumption. Multilevel modelling indicated that daily stress was positively associated with daily snack intake, particularly for ego-threatening and work/academic stressors. Emotional and external eating styles were found to moderate the stress-snacking relationship. Cortisol reactivity also moderated stress-eating associations, such that as cortisol reactivity levels increased from lower to higher levels, the impact of stress on eating decreased. The current findings highlight the importance of cortisol reactivity status and eating styles in understanding the complex relationship between daily stress and eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Future research should continue investigating stress-eating associations in these groups and explore the role of other aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Anestal C, Garcia J, Brazendale K. Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in US College Students: A Pre-post Test Pilot Study. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276231151922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Concerning rises in obesity and type 2 diabetes in college students warrants the investigation of potential mechanisms. The aim of this study was to (1) assess the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) knowledge, perceived stress, and coping resources with changes in MetS risk factors in college students, and (2) examine differences between first-time on-campus and final-year college students. Methods: A pre-post study design over a 16-week semester examined changes in BMI and blood pressure of 43 undergraduate students (mean age 20.5 yrs. old, 86% female, 77% ethnic/racial minority). The MetS Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and Coping Resources Inventory were administered at baseline. Mixed-effects linear regression and independent samples t-tests were computed. Results/findings: There were no significant associations between changes in MetS risk factors and MetS knowledge, perceived stress, and coping resources. Students on campus for the first time had higher increases in BMI and gained more weight compared to students in their final years of college ( P < .05). Conclusions: Findings from this preliminary study suggest that students attending college for the first time demonstrate poorer MetS risk factors compared to peers. Additional studies are needed to explore the causal mechanism driving poor health outcomes in first time college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Anestal
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Burnett Honors College, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeanette Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Al Adawi S, Al Shidhani A, Al Samani A, Al Malki T, Al Shukaili B, Al Toubi A, Chan M, Al Harthi L, Al Sibani N, Al Saadoon M, Cucchi A. The Relation between emotional eating and perceived stress among students in tertiary education in Oman: A single-center study. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Stammers L, Wong L, Brown RM, Sumithran P. A Comparison of Emotional Triggers for Eating in Men and Women with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194144. [PMID: 36235796 PMCID: PMC9570591 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional eating (EE) is prevalent in people seeking obesity treatment and is a contributor to poor weight loss outcomes. We aimed to delineate the emotions most associated with this type of eating, and whether they differ by sex in people undergoing obesity treatment. METHODS A cross-sectional study recruiting 387 adults from a hospital obesity management service. Emotional eating was measured using the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). Separate analyses included all participants, and those undergoing lifestyle interventions alone or in combination with obesity medication and/or bariatric surgery. RESULTS A total of 387 people (71% women) participated in the study (n = 187 receiving lifestyle modification alone; n = 200 in combination with additional treatments). Feeling 'bored' was most commonly and most strongly associated with the urge to eat, regardless of sex or treatment. Women had higher scores for total EES, for subscales of depression and anger, and individual feelings of 'blue', 'sad' and 'upset' compared to men. CONCLUSIONS Understanding why certain emotions differentially trigger an urge to eat in men and women, and finding strategies to break the link between boredom and eating may enable better personalisation of lifestyle interventions for people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren Stammers
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Robyn M. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia;
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (P.S.)
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Harris CL, Haack S, Miao Z. Everyday discrimination is a stronger predictor of eating competence than food insecurity or perceived stress in college students amidst COVID-19. Appetite 2022; 179:106300. [PMID: 36075312 PMCID: PMC9444333 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a common experience of college students, which has been exacerbated by COVID-19. Perceived stress may help predict students’ eating behaviors. Eating competence is an adaptive model of eating characterized as being flexible, comfortable, and positive with food and eating, and reliable about getting enough nourishing and enjoyable food to eat. Eating competence is associated with numerous health benefits and may be developing and/or disrupted as young adults transition to college. No prior research has explored the associations of everyday discrimination and food insecurity with eating competence, and there is limited research on the eating competence of trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) college students. This cross-sectional study sought to examine the associations of everyday discrimination, food insecurity, and perceived stress with eating competence in a sample of 1996 undergraduate students. Participants completed an online survey comprised of validated tools assessing socio-demographics, eating competence, everyday discrimination, food insecurity, and perceived stress and stress management. After accounting for covariates (gender, stress management), multivariate regression analyses were conducted, and the coefficients of partial determination revealed that everyday discrimination was the strongest predictor of eating competence. Results demonstrated that lower experience of everyday discrimination, less stress, and being food secure were associated with greater likelihood of being eating competent (EC). Men were more likely to be EC than women or TGNC identities. Since the experience of everyday discrimination was the strongest, inverse predictor of eating competence, addressing discrimination must be considered in future efforts to improve eating competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen L Harris
- Department of Epidemiology, Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 305 Raitt Hall, Box 353410, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA.
| | - Sarah Haack
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA.
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, USA.
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Abstract
Social jet lag refers to circadian misalignment that occurs when people shift their sleep schedules from weekdays to weekends. Social jet lag is linked with numerous negative health outcomes, with emerging research connecting social jet lag to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Existing research has not yet examined the associations between social jet lag and eating styles (e.g., emotional eating). Emotional eating and loss of control over eating are problematic eating styles which may lead to overeating and weight gain. Conversely, intuitive eating is associated with positive health outcomes such as lower risk of obesity. The present study examined social jet lag and eating styles in a young adult sample, as emerging adulthood is an important developmental time period for establishing healthy sleep and eating habits. Results of the current study indicated that in a sample of 372 American undergraduate participants, social jet lag significantly predicted lower intuitive eating (β = -.129, p = .012) and greater emotional eating (β = .12, p = .022) when controlling for age, sex, and chronotype. It was marginally predictive of loss of control over eating (β = .102, p = .050). Sleep quantity on weekdays (not weekends) also significantly predicted intuitive eating (p = .017) and loss of control over eating (p = .044), and sleep quality significantly predicted intuitive eating (p < .001), emotional eating (p < .001), and loss of control over eating (p < .001). These findings extend our understanding of the relationship between social jet lag and eating styles in college students. Addressing social jet lag in this population is an important consideration for their cardiometabolic health and for reducing weight fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Vrabec
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Maryam Yuhas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alexa Deyo
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Kidwell
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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12
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Li G, Zhao D, Wang Q, Zhou M, Kong L, Fang M, Li P. Infertility-related stress and quality of life among infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Does body mass index matter? J Psychosom Res 2022; 158:110908. [PMID: 35421758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infertility and obesity are common among women with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related to poor quality of life (QoL). Obesity may confer an elevated adverse effect of infertility-related stress given its relationship with increased susceptibility to stress. This study aimed to investigate the association of infertility-related stress with QoL among infertile women with PCOS, and to evaluate whether body mass index (BMI) modifies this association. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 participants recruited from the infertility outpatient clinic. A self-administered, structured questionnaire including COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scale (COMPI-FPSS) and the modified PCOS health-related QoL questionnaire (MPCOSQ) was conducted in this study. The moderation model was conducted by the PROCESS macro using SPSS. RESULTS The mean score of QoL was 142.67 (SD = 20.11), ranged from 93 to 183 (theoretical range = 30-210). QoL was negatively associated with infertility-related stress (r = -0.373, P < 0.001). Moderation analysis indicated that the interaction term between infertility-related stress and BMI significantly predicted QoL (β = -0.154, P = 0.005, f2 = 0.03) as well as emotional disturbance (β = -0.170, P = 0.002, f2 = 0.04). Specifically, higher BMI significantly exacerbated the effect of infertility-related stress on QoL and emotional disturbance. CONCLUSION Infertile women with PCOS experienced poor QoL. The moderation role of BMI provides a better understanding of individual difference in relationship between infertility-related stress and QoL. Interventions aiming to improve QoL among infertile women with PCOS should focus on alleviating infertility-related stress, especially among women with high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Li
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Linghua Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Fang
- Center for reproductive medicine, Shandong University, Jingliu Road, Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong 250000, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Rumination and Worry Selectively Modulate Total Calorie Consumption within an Online, Nudge Tactic Paradigm. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12030067. [PMID: 35323386 PMCID: PMC8945422 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination and worry, collectively referred to as perseverative cognition, have been implicated in the increased engagement of several health risk behaviours. The current study aimed to investigate the potential influencing role of these repetitive negative thought cognitions in an online snack paradigm. Participants were randomly assigned to either an even condition (a 3:3 ratio of ≤101 kcal and >201 kcal snacks) or an uneven condition (a 4:2 ratio in favour of ≤101 kcal snacks). Upon the presentation of six images of sweet treats, participants were asked to choose the snack they most wanted to consume “right now”, before completing the Ultra-Brief Penn State Worry Questionnaire (UB-PSWQ) and the brief (5-item) Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). The results showed that the reduced availability of higher calorie snacks significantly improved both snack choice and total calorie consumption. However, despite rumination and worry having no influence on the snack type chosen, higher levels of rumination still led to significantly higher overall calorie consumption. Although, contrary to predictions, higher levels of worry conversely led to significantly lower overall calorie consumption. This study adds to the growing work in the role of perseverative cognition and food consumption, which may aid in informing public health strategies. Further exploration is needed to assess whether rumination directly induces unhealthy eating behaviours or simply exacerbates them.
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Abstract
The present paper reviews empirical literature on stress and social support relative to first-year post-secondary students, published between 1996 and 2020. Empirical studies included in the literature search focused on stress, coping, and social support specifically among first-year undergraduate students while studying in countries adopting North American higher education models comparable to the United States and Canada. This review examines contextual and psychological antecedents and correlates of stress, as well as associated demographic and achievement variables. Furthermore, this review extends to studies on social support categorized by source (peers, family, faculty, institution, and multiple sources of support). A synthesis and critique of the literature explores the themes in the empirical research presented, as well as considerations for future research.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles and academic self-efficacy on emotional eating behaviours within a sample of adolescents. The sample of this cross-sectionally designed study consisted of 584 adolescents between the ages of 12-17 years. In order to collect necessary data, the Emotional Eating Scale for Child and Adolescent, the Parenting Style Scale and Academic Self-efficacy Scale were utilized. In this sample, Emotional Eating Scale's total score of girls was higher than boys, and emotional eating was not related to body mass index. Parenting styles and academic self-efficacy predicted 34% of the variants seen in emotional eating behaviours of adolescents. While a positive relation existed between emotional eating and negligent parenting style, a negative significant relation occurred between permissive and democratic type of parenting styles and emotional eating. In addition, emotional eating behaviours decreased, whereas academic self-efficacy perception increased accordingly. The results showed that emotional eating behaviours of adolescents were in relation with parenting styles and academic self-efficacy. A good understanding of the multifactorial structure of emotional eating in adolescents will help to develop essential programmes in order to design effective coping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Ekim
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, 52968Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Koumoutzis A, Cichy KE. What's eating you? Risk factors for poor health behaviors among family caregivers. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2132-2139. [PMID: 32815373 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1805722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overeating and obesity are major public health issues in the United States. Caregivers are at greater risk of engaging in poor health behaviors, such as emotional eating, to cope with the demands of caregiving. Using Heatherton and Baumeister (1991) Escape Theory, this study examines the associations between caregiver characteristics (i.e. age, gender, and BMI) and emotional eating, including the extent to which family strain mediates these associations. METHOD Data are from the MIDUS 3 dataset (N = 326) and include family caregivers of older adults and children with special health care needs (Mage = 62.88 years, SD = 10.28; 69.6% female). RESULTS Female caregivers were more likely than male caregivers to engage in emotional eating. Age was significantly associated with emotional eating, where increased age was associated with less emotional eating. ANCOVA results indicated that obese caregivers were the most likely to engage in emotional eating. Results also indicated that family strain significantly mediated the association between caregiver age and emotional eating. Linear regression analyses indicated that female gender predicted emotional eating, although family strain did not mediate the association between gender and emotional eating. Similarly, after controlling for family strain as a mediator, higher BMI was still significantly associated with emotional eating, suggesting that BMI is a strong predictor of emotional eating among family caregivers regardless of present family strain. CONCLUSION Interventions targeted at managing family strain, particularly for younger, female caregivers, could improve coping and decrease poor health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Koumoutzis
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kelly E Cichy
- Human Development and Family Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Frank ML, Sprada GB, Hultstrand KV, West CE, Livingston JA, Sato AF. Toward a deeper understanding of food insecurity among college students: examining associations with emotional eating and biological sex. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021:1-9. [PMID: 34133263 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1936536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to extend our understanding of food insecurity among college students, including aims to replicate the high prevalence of food insecurity among college student samples, examine the food insecurity - emotional eating association, and determine whether biological sex moderates this association. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 232 students (82.3% female; 83.2% Caucasian) enrolled at a U.S. university. METHODS Participants completed the Household Food Security Survey Module: Short Form and Emotional Eating Scale as part of a larger study. RESULTS Of the participants, 37.5% reported food insecurity. Food insecurity was positively associated with emotional eating (B = 1.35, 95% CI[0.24, 2.48]), controlling for body mass index (BMI). The association was stronger for males (95% CI[1.07, 6.54]) than females (95% CI[-0.29, 2.07]). CONCLUSIONS College students, particularly males, who experience food insecurity may be at greater risk for emotional eating. Future research should investigate risk factors linked to both food insecurity and emotional eating among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Frank
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Giane B Sprada
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kara V Hultstrand
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Caroline E West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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18
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Sze KYP, Lee EKP, Chan RHW, Kim JH. Prevalence of negative emotional eating and its associated psychosocial factors among urban Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 33761930 PMCID: PMC7988990 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emotional eating (EE), defined as eating in response to a range of emotions, has been previously associated with poor diet and obesity. Since there are limited data from non-Western populations, this study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with EE among urban Chinese university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 424 university students (aged 18–24 years) from two large universities in Hong Kong in 2019. Respondents completed an anonymous online questionnaire that contained background questions, an emotional eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Two-sample independent t-test and multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the association of study variables with negative emotional eating. Results There was over a three-fold higher likelihood of negative EE among females (14.8%) when compared with their male counterparts (4.5%) (OR = 3.7, p < 0.05). Having at least mild depressive symptoms was the only independent factor associated with negative EE among males (OR = 10.1) while for females, negative EE was independently associated with not having a romantic partner (OR = 3.45), having depressive symptoms (OR = 44.5), and having at least mild stress (OR = 5.65). Anxiety levels were not independently associated with negative EE for either gender. Both male and female students with negative EE had significantly lower self-perceived health scores, higher body mass index, and lower life satisfaction scores. Conclusions This study revealed that negative EE is prevalent among female Chinese university students and not uncommon among male students. Management of negative EE should be included as a component of university mental health promotion programmes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y P Sze
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eric K P Lee
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rufina H W Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jean H Kim
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
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19
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Smith L, Disler R, Watson K. Physical activity and dietary habits of first year nursing students: An Australian dual-method study. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Kauffman BY, Rogers AH, Bakhshaie J, Mayorga NA, Garza M, Ochoa-Perez M, Lemaire C, Zvolensky MJ. Examining the Relationship Between Pain Intensity and Emotional Eating Among Latinos in a Federally Qualified Health Center: The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 21:1217-1223. [PMID: 30701426 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of pain and its relationship to emotional eating among Latinos as well as knowledge about potential mechanisms that may underlie their association. We explored whether anxiety sensitivity (fear of the negative consequences of anxiety) explained the relation between pain intensity and emotional eating among a sample of Latinos. Participants were 79 (87.3% female; Mage = 42.04, SD = 12.01) predominately female Latino attendees of a Federally Qualified Health Center. As hypothesized, results indicated that pain intensity yielded a significant indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity for emotional eating. Alternative models wherein anxiety sensitivity served as the predictor and pain intensity as the indirect effect were also significant. Such novel data highlight the potential bi-directional relationship between pain intensity and anxiety sensitivity in terms of emotional eating. Overall, pain intensity and anxiety sensitivity may serve as mechanisms that underlie emotional eating among Latino adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Y Kauffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | - Nubia A Mayorga
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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21
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Amiri S, Behnezhad S. Obesity and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2019; 33:72-89. [PMID: 30778841 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-019-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and anxiety are the two most common health problems and increased body mass index can be lead to anxiety. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the frequency of anxiety symptoms in people who are obese/overweight. METHODS For this purpose the authors systematically searched keywords in the databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google scholar through August 2018. After a comprehensive review, 25 studies were included into the meta-analysis. RESULTS Results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of anxiety in obesity had a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.30 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.20-1.41 and in overweight had an OR of 1.10 and CI of 1.00-1.21. Comparison between obesity/overweight and normal weight showed high frequency of anxiety in obesity/overweight with respect to subgroups (sex, obesity and anxiety assessment, adjusted/unadjusted, anxiety duration and age). Evaluation of 25 studies included in the meta-analysis showed publication bias. CONCLUSION Overall, findings indicate anxiety occurs more frequently in obese/overweight people compared with normal weight people.
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Fahrenkamp AJ, Darling KE, Ruzicka EB, Sato AF. Food Cravings and Eating: The Role of Experiential Avoidance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1181. [PMID: 30986941 PMCID: PMC6479752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food cravings have been associated with problematic eating behaviors, such as emotional eating. Late adolescence is an important developmental period to examine this association, as late adolescents have greater independence in food choices as well as potentially higher demands during a transitional period of their lives. Mechanisms underlying the association between food cravings and problematic eating remain unclear. This study examined whether experiential avoidance (EA) may be one possible mechanism mediating the association between higher levels of food cravings and problematic eating behaviors. Late adolescents (n = 174) completed measures assessing EA, food cravings, and three problematic eating behaviors: emotional eating, cognitive restraint, and uncontrolled eating. Height and weight were measured objectively to calculate body mass index (BMI). Food cravings were positively associated with emotional eating and mediated by EA. EA also significantly mediated the association between greater cognitive restraint and greater food cravings. No significant mediation was detected for food cravings and uncontrolled eating. Future research may consider EA as a treatment target in intervention strategies for late adolescents seeking to decrease emotional or restrained eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine E Darling
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
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Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. The Relationship Between Stress and Maladaptive Weight-Related Behaviors in College Students: A Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1449683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Araiza AM, Lobel M. Stress and eating: Definitions, findings, explanations, and implications. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Stress, Anxiety, and Weight Gain among University and College Students: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:261-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Darling KE, Fahrenkamp AJ, Wilson SM, Karazsia BT, Sato AF. Does Social Support Buffer the Association Between Stress Eating and Weight Gain During the Transition to College? Differences by Gender. Behav Modif 2016; 41:368-381. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445516683924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine whether social support moderates the relationship between stress eating and body mass index (BMI) change over the freshman year in males and females. This longitudinal study included 70 college students (72.9% female; M age = 18.23) who completed self-reported measures of stress eating and perceived social support, with objective height and weight measurements collected. Among males, social support moderated the relationship between stress eating and BMI change. Among males, social support may serve as a buffer against the impact of stress eating on weight gain during the freshman year of college.
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