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Mikhaylova O, Dokuka S. Anorexia and Young Womens' Personal Networks: Size, Structure, and Kinship. Front Psychol 2022; 13:848774. [PMID: 35519652 PMCID: PMC9063839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia is a serious threat to young women's wellbeing worldwide. The effectiveness of mental health intervention and treatment is often evaluated on the basis of changes in the personal networks; however, the development of such measures for young women with anorexia is constrained due to the lack of quantitative descriptions of their social networks. We aim to fill this substantial gap. In this paper, we identify the basic properties of these women's personal networks such as size, structure, and proportion of kin connections. The empirical analysis, using a concentric circles methodology, is based on 50 ego networks constructed on data drawn from interviews with Russian-speaking bloggers who have been diagnosed with anorexia and write about this condition. We conclude that young women with anorexia tend to support a limited number of social ties; they are prone to select women as alters, but do not have a preference to connect to their relatives. Further research is needed to elucidate whether these personal network characteristics are similar among women with anorexia who belong to different age, ethnic, cultural, and income groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Dokuka
- Institute of Education, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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Atti AR, Mastellari T, Valente S, Speciani M, Panariello F, De Ronchi D. Compulsory treatments in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1037-1048. [PMID: 33099675 PMCID: PMC8062396 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to provide a summary of the current literature concerning compulsory treatments in patients with eating disorders (ED) and to understand whether compulsorily and involuntarily treated patients differ in terms of baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes. METHODS Relevant articles were identified following the PRISMA guidelines by searching the following terms: "treatment refusal", "forced feeding", "compulsory/coercive/involuntary/forced treatment/admission", "eating disorders", "feeding and eating disorders", "anorexia nervosa", "bulimia nervosa". Research was restricted to articles concerning humans and published between 1975 and 2020 in English. RESULTS Out of 905 articles retrieved, nine were included for the analyses allowing the comparisons between 242 compulsorily and 738 voluntarily treated patients. Mean body mass index (BMI) was slightly lower in patients compelled to treatments. Mean illness duration, BMI at discharge and BMI variation showed no significant differences between the two groups. Average length of hospitalization was 3 weeks longer among compulsory-treated patients, but this did not result in a higher increase in BMI. No significant risk difference on mortality was estimated (three studies). CONCLUSIONS Compulsory treatments are usually intended for patients having worse baseline conditions than voluntary ones. Those patients are unlikely to engage in treatments without being compelled but, after the treatments, albeit with longer hospitalisations, they do achieve similar outcomes. Therefore, we can conclude that forcing patients to treatment is a conceivable option. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Tomas Mastellari
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Valente
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Speciani
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Panariello
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Medway M, Rhodes P, Dawson L, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Wallis A, Madden S. Adolescent development in family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa: Patients' and parents' narratives. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 24:129-143. [PMID: 30080102 DOI: 10.1177/1359104518792293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maudsley Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is currently the best supported treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, little is known about whether it achieves its stated aim in the final phases of promoting the patient's return to an expected developmental trajectory. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of young people and their parents regarding the developmental impact of AN, and the role of FBT in addressing developmental challenges. Young people ( N = 12) who ceased FBT a minimum 1 year prior, and their parents ( N = 12), completed face-to-face semi-structured interviews, and data were analysed using a narrative inquiry method. All the participants described AN as highly disruptive to adolescent development, with phase one of FBT accentuating this experience. In phases two and three, FBT helped facilitate adolescent development in three key ways: Supporting return to adolescent pursuits, facilitating autonomy and providing freedom to develop post-FBT. This study offers preliminary insights into the variety of developmental challenges and needs experienced by families, as well as approaches clinicians can take to supporting development in phases two and three of FBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Medway
- 1 Clinical Psychology Unit, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Rhodes
- 1 Clinical Psychology Unit, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Dawson
- 2 Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychological Medicine and Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
| | - Jane Miskovic-Wheatley
- 2 Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychological Medicine and Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
| | - Andrew Wallis
- 2 Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychological Medicine and Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
| | - Sloane Madden
- 2 Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychological Medicine and Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
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Vijayalakshmi P, Thimmaiah R, Gandhi S, BadaMath S. Eating Attitudes, Weight Control Behaviors, Body Image Satisfaction and Depression Level Among Indian Medical and Nursing Undergraduate Students. Community Ment Health J 2018; 54:1266-1273. [PMID: 30159637 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among Medical and Nursing students to assess the presence of eating disorders. Data was collected using self administered 'Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food' (SCOFF) and 'Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)' questionnaires. It was found that 34.1% and 10.4% of the participants were at high risk to suffer from eating disorders on SCOFF and EAT-26 scales. Further, age, gender and education found to have significant association on SCOFF and EAT-26 scores (p < 0.05). Thus, the findings suggest the need for effective interventions to prevent depression and eating disorders among the future health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poreddi Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, 560 029, India.
| | | | - Sailaxmi Gandhi
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, India
| | - Suresh BadaMath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, India
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Wallis A, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Madden S, Rhodes P, Crosby RD, Cao L, Touyz S. Family Functioning and Relationship Quality for Adolescents in Family-based Treatment with Severe Anorexia Nervosa Compared with Non-clinical Adolescents. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 26:29-37. [PMID: 29034536 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study explored family functioning and relationship quality for adolescents with severe anorexia nervosa (AN). An important outcome given healthy family functioning supports effective adolescent development. Fifty-four female adolescents and their parents, treated with family-based treatment after inpatient admission, and 49 non-clinical age-matched adolescents and their parents were compared at assessment and 6 months after session 20. At baseline, AN group mothers and fathers reported poorer family function. AN adolescents were notably similar to controls, reporting poorer function in only one domain. There were no changes for adolescents, an improvement for mothers in the AN group, but an increase in perceived impairment for fathers in both groups, with AN fathers more affected. The similarity in adolescent reports and the increase for fathers over time may indicate that normal adolescent family processes occur even in the midst of serious illness. There is a need to provide intervention to ameliorate the impact of treatment on parents. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wallis
- Eating Disorder Service, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Australia
| | | | - Sloane Madden
- Eating Disorder Service, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Australia
| | - Paul Rhodes
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Stephen Touyz
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Maxwell M, Thornton LM, Root TL, Pinheiro AP, Strober M, Brandt H, Crawford S, Crow S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Keel P, Klump KL, LaVia M, Mitchell JE, Plotnicov K, Rotondo A, Woodside DB, Berrettini WH, Kaye WH, Bulik CM. Life beyond the eating disorder: education, relationships, and reproduction. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:225-32. [PMID: 20143323 PMCID: PMC2888627 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the sociodemographic characteristics in women with and without lifetime eating disorders. METHOD Participants were from a multisite international study of eating disorders (N = 2,096). Education level, relationship status, and reproductive status were examined across eating disorder subtypes and compared with a healthy control group. RESULTS Overall, women with eating disorders were less educated than controls, and duration of illness and age of onset were associated with educational attainment. Menstrual status was associated with both relationship and reproductive status, but eating disorder subtypes did not differ significantly from each other or from healthy controls on these dimensions. DISCUSSION Differences in educational attainment, relationships, and reproduction do exist in individuals with eating disorders and are differentially associated with various eating disorder symptoms and characteristics. These data could assist in educating patients and family members about long-term consequences of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Maxwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tammy L. Root
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Harry Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steve Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine and University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Katherine A. Halmi
- New York Presbyterian Hospital-Westchester Division, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, New York
| | - Craig Johnson
- Laureate Psychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Maria LaVia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - James E. Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kathy Plotnicov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandro Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Lázaro L, Font E, Moreno E, Calvo R, Vila M, Andrés-Perpiñá S, Canalda G, Martínez E, Castro-Fornieles J. Effectiveness of self-esteem and social skills group therapy in adolescent eating disorder patients attending a day hospital treatment programme. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2010; 19:398-406. [PMID: 24081715 DOI: 10.1002/erv.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate self-esteem and social skills in adolescent eating disorder patients before and after specific group therapy as part of a Day Hospital Programme. METHOD One hundred and sixty adolescent eating disorder patients, classified as anorexia nervosa and related disorders (AN-rd) (N = 116) or bulimia nervosa and related disorders (BN-rd) (N = 44) received structured group therapy for developing self-esteem and social skills. RESULTS BN-rd patients had poorer perceptions of some self-esteem and social skills variables. After group therapy, both groups presented significant improvements in their perceptions of physical appearance, their self-concept related to weight and shape and to others, happiness and satisfaction, social withdrawal and leadership. BN-rd patients presented more changes on many of the variables. DISCUSSION Specific self-esteem and social skills group therapy in patients with eating disorders can be useful in improving certain core features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lázaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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Sim LA, Homme JH, Lteif AN, Vande Voort JL, Schak KM, Ellingson J. Family functioning and maternal distress in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2009; 42:531-9. [PMID: 19189407 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the nature of family distress in families of girls with anorexia nervosa (AN), this study compared aspects of family functioning in adolescent girls with AN to girls with a chronic illness and girls without a condition. METHOD Participants consisted of 25 adolescent girls with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of AN, 20 girls with an ICD-10 diagnosis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 20 girls from the community. Mothers and daughters completed questionnaires of family functioning and psychological symptoms. RESULTS When compared with mothers of daughters with IDDM, families of girls with AN experienced greater family conflict, reduced parental alliance, and increased feelings of depression. However, once the emotional impact of the illness on the mothers was statistically controlled, group differences were no longer significant. DISCUSSION Family distress and dysfunction may reflect an accommodation process that occurs in families living with a child with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Sim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street, S.W., Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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