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Carroll K, Pottinger AM, Bailey A, Watson T, Frederick S. Living with the Threat of Covid-19: Exploring the Psychological Impact of Covid-19 in Those who Conceived Through ART Versus Spontaneously. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:117-125. [PMID: 36352290 PMCID: PMC9646256 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore and compare anxiety relating to the threat of Covid-19 in pregnancy by women who conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) and spontaneously. We also examined the psychological coping strategies used and lived experience for both groups. METHODS A total of 21 women who conceived through ART at a private university based IVF and a matched sample of women who conceived spontaneously were enrolled from July 2020 to February 2021. This was a mixed methods study. Covid-19-specific anxiety was measured using the coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS) as well as a validating qualitative data model with the use of open-ended questions to expand on quantitative findings. RESULTS In both groups of women the level of anxiety detected by the CAS was low and mixed coping strategies (emotion-focused and problem-solving) were utilized. The ART group expressed more positive feelings towards pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION The vulnerable ART group is no more at risk for negative emotional well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, healthcare providers ought to be knowledgeable of various Covid-19 coping strategies that may provide emotionally protective measures for all women of reproductive age. This is of particular importance as effective coping may ultimately prevent disruptions that could compromise prenatal care during the covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamali Carroll
- grid.412963.b0000 0004 0500 5353Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica ,grid.12916.3d0000 0001 2322 4996The Hugh Wynter Fertility Management Unit, The University of the West Indies Mona Campus, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Audrey M Pottinger
- grid.12916.3d0000 0001 2322 4996Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Althea Bailey
- grid.12916.3d0000 0001 2322 4996Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tiffany Watson
- grid.12916.3d0000 0001 2322 4996The Hugh Wynter Fertility Management Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, W.I Jamaica
| | - Sharifa Frederick
- grid.12916.3d0000 0001 2322 4996The Hugh Wynter Fertility Management Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, W.I Jamaica
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Kılıç A, Gök K, Kökrek Z, Kapudere B, Tüten N, Bostancı MS, Özden S. The relationship of probable clinical anxiety with attitude-behaviour, coping styles and social support in healthy pregnant women during the late period COVID-19 pandemic. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2970-2978. [PMID: 36149662 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2124850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of state and trait probable clinical anxiety and their relationship with socio-demographic factors, attitude-behaviour, coping styles and social support level in high-risk pregnant women in the late period of COVID-19 pandemic. The pregnant women followed up in the gynaecological outpatient clinic were evaluated during their admissions. About 191 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Data were collected using the socio-demographic and pregnancy attitude-behaviour data form, STAI (Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), the Coping Styles Scale Brief Form (Brief-COPE) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Our study found that pregnant women had high anxiety levels (STAI-S:37.90 ± 8.88; STAI-T:42.46 ± 7.80) and probable clinical anxiety prevalences (STAI-S:81(42.4%); STAI-T:123(64.4%)) in the late period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fact that COVID-19 determined the preference of the birth method and the level of knowledge about COVID-19 predicted state probable clinical anxiety. Educational status, concern for COVID-19 transmission to the baby during pregnancy/birth, behavioural disengagement, focussing on and venting emotions predicted trait probable clinical anxiety. Our results have emphasised the factors that should be taken into account and coping styles that may be functional to protect the mental well-being of healthy pregnants.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to increase the symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression of the general population and healthcare workers. There is limited studies about pregnant women.What do the results of this study add? According to our study, we can say that approximately half of the pregnant women in a pandemic need psychiatric evaluation due to probable clinical anxiety. The relationship between anxiety in the pandemic process and birth preference has been shown and coping styles in healthy pregnant women have been investigated for the first time, effective and ineffective coping styles have been shown. In addition, it has been found that the social support of pregnant women is effective in managing the pandemic process.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? According to our current findings, a multidisciplinary approach in which pregnant women are screened with self-report psychiatry tests and appropriate pregnant women are consulted to psychiatry during pandemic processes will make it easier for obstetricians to manage the patient. Especially strengthening effective coping styles and social support will have a great effect in mental rehabilitation. In this respect, further studies on pregnant women are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alperen Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Gök
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Kökrek
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Istanbul Ticaret University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Kapudere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Tüten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sühha Bostancı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Wang L, Yang N, Zhou H, Mao X, Zhou Y. Pregnant Women’s Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Influence Factors in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Changzhou, China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:855545. [PMID: 35693497 PMCID: PMC9177387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.855545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWith the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pregnant women’s psychological conditions have become a global challenge. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and analyze their influence factors among pregnant women in Changzhou, China during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide them with appropriate healthcare strategies.MethodsParticipants were 681 pregnant women who visited various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Changzhou, China between 25 February 2020 and 7 March 2020. They were asked to complete an online survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to detect anxious and depressive symptoms. The chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out to examine the associated factors in these groups.ResultsOverall, the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among pregnant women were 31.72 and 36.12%, respectively, but most of them were mild. Having an irregular diet with poor subjective sleep quality, perceiving little family support, spending too much time on news related to the coronavirus, and having severe subjective life impact by the coronavirus were related to anxiety and depression symptoms. In addition, lack of physical exercise and exposure to electronic screens over 5 h per day were associated with depression symptoms.ConclusionPregnant women with an irregular diet, poor sleep quality, little family support, excessive attention to COVID-19 news, and lives impacted by the coronavirus severely are at high risk for anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This indicates that targeted measures to address mental health in pregnant women during the pandemic period are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhou,
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Ocampo Cañas JA, Pinilla Alfonso MJ, Navarro Plazas CDP, Mejia Arbelaez CM, Patiño Rueda JS. Experiences of women with Zika virus (ZIKV) versus the provision of health services in two cities in Colombia: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260583. [PMID: 34855811 PMCID: PMC8638867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic of the ZIKA virus (ZIKV) in Latin America to be a public health emergency. In Colombia, 11,944 pregnant women registered a ZIKV infection during the epidemic. So far, little is known about the experiences of women infected with ZIKV during their pregnancy, especially those relating to the provision of health services during the period of the epidemic. OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of pregnant women diagnosed with ZIKV infection about the provision of health services in two Colombian cities, considering the perspective of sexual and reproductive rights. METHODS Qualitative study under the grounded theory approach, which uses semi-structured interviews as tools to explore the biographical experience of mothers during their gestation process and ZIKV infection, dividing the interview into two broad categories: before and during pregnancy. RESULTS Twenty-two women were interviewed, 10 in Cali and 12 in Villavicencio. The average age at the time of pregnancy was 27.6 years. Most women were not planning at the time of pregnancy and the pregnancy was unwanted. Most campaigns focused on mosquito eradication rather than on sexual and reproductive health campaigns. The quality of health care was not sufficient, adequate, or appropriate. Also, the breakdown of the health system to deal with the pandemic was also noted. Some women were treated with disrespect by health professionals. Voluntary termination of pregnancy was inadequately advised, and women lost autonomy regarding decisions about their health. CONCLUSIONS In the health care of ZIKV epidemics, it is necessary to include the gender perspective, more specifically, sexual and reproductive rights. In addition, these epidemics must be addressed through a comprehensive, appropriate, and not fragmented health system, in which sexual and reproductive rights must be mainstreamed in all health promotion and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Alexandra Ocampo Cañas
- Research Line on Health Systems, Childhood, Gender, Interculturality and Tropical Diseases, Research Group on Public Health, Medical Education and Medical Professionalism, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Maria Janeth Pinilla Alfonso
- Research Line on Health Systems, Childhood, Gender, Interculturality and Tropical Diseases, Research Group on Public Health, Medical Education and Medical Professionalism, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Clemencia del Pilar Navarro Plazas
- Research Line on Health Systems, Childhood, Gender, Interculturality and Tropical Diseases, Research Group on Public Health, Medical Education and Medical Professionalism, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Carlos Mauricio Mejia Arbelaez
- Research Line on Health Systems, Childhood, Gender, Interculturality and Tropical Diseases, Research Group on Public Health, Medical Education and Medical Professionalism, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Jhon Sebastián Patiño Rueda
- Research Line on Health Systems, Childhood, Gender, Interculturality and Tropical Diseases, Research Group on Public Health, Medical Education and Medical Professionalism, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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Kinser PA, Jallo N, Amstadter AB, Thacker LR, Jones E, Moyer S, Rider A, Karjane N, Salisbury AL. Depression, Anxiety, Resilience, and Coping: The Experience of Pregnant and New Mothers During the First Few Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:654-664. [PMID: 33844945 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well-documented that the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women is essential for maternal, child, and family well-being. Of major public health concern is the perinatal mental health impacts that may occur during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is essential to explore the symptom experience and predictors of mental health status, including the relationship between media use and mental health. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the experiences of pregnant and postpartum women (n = 524) in the United States in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online observational study collected psychosocial quantitative and qualitative survey data in adult pregnant and postpartum (up to 6 months postdelivery) women in April-June 2020. Results: Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate predictors of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The most common predictors were job insecurity, family concerns, eating comfort foods, resilience/adaptability score, sleep, and use of social and news media. Qualitative themes centered on pervasive uncertainty and anxiety; grief about losses; gratitude for shifting priorities; and use of self-care methods including changing media use. Conclusions: This study provides information to identify risk for anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during acute public health situations. Women with family and job concerns and low resilience/adaptability scores seem to be at high risk of psychological sequelae. Although use of social media is thought to improve social connectedness, our results indicate that increased media consumption is related to increased anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Kinser
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Leroy R Thacker
- Department of Biostatistics and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Evelyn Jones
- Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Moyer
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy Rider
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicole Karjane
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy L Salisbury
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Lima FMDS, Iriart JAB. [Meanings, risk perceptions, and prevention strategies for pregnant women since the emergence of the Zika virus in Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00145819. [PMID: 33624694 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00145819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the meanings, risk perceptions, and strategies to prevent infection with the Zika virus developed by pregnant women with different socioeconomic conditions seen at public and private health services in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, as well the contribution by their male partners in dealing with the risk of infection since the emergence of this virus in Brazil. A qualitative study was performed with 18 semi-structured interviews, nine each with pregnant women seen in the public and private health systems, respectively. The resulting data revealed insufficient knowledge in pregnant women concerning important aspects of Zika virus infection. The pregnant women's socioenvironmental situation was an important factor for risk perception and preventive strategies. Women interviewed in the public health system felt more vulnerable to the risk of infection than women interviewed in the private health system, with a major impact on their psychosocial well-being. According to the women, their partners placed huge demands on them to adopt preventive measures, but the male partners themselves failed to take the same precautions, e.g., ignoring the risk of sexual transmission of the Zika virus. In conclusion, three years since the outbreak reached Brazil, the Zika virus still has a major impact on the lives of pregnant women. It is crucial to strengthen health communications activities to guarantee the availability of information on the disease that responds adequately to the population's needs.
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Sleep Conditions Associate with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Pregnant Women during the Epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:567-573. [PMID: 33261931 PMCID: PMC7688420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women often encounter psychiatric symptoms and declined sleep quality as pregnancy proceeds. The associations between sleep conditions and anxious and depressive symptoms among pregnant women remained to be investigated, particularly during the epidemic of COVID-19. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey on pregnant women was conducted at the time period of fast increasing cases of COVID-19 in Shenzhen. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were applied to detect anxious and depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regressions models were established to explore the associations of sleep conditions with psychological symptoms. RESULTS In total, 751 pregnant women were enrolled, with a mean age of 30.51 years (Standard deviation: 4.28). Overall, 82.7% of the respondents considered low risk of being infected by COVID-19. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms during the epidemic of COVID-19 among pregnant women were 13.4% and 35.4%, respectively, but most of which were mild. Variables referred to poor sleep conditions were strongly associated with anxious and depressive symptoms, including random or late time of going to bed, difficulty in falling sleep, short sleep duration, and ordinary or poor subjective sleep quality. LIMITATIONS Non-random sample restricted generalization of our findings to the whole population of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed a notable proportion of the pregnant women who exhibited mild anxiety and depression symptoms during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen. Targeted interventions in improving sleep conditions might help alleviate gestational anxious and depressive symptoms.
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Lima FMDS, Iriart JAB. Discussões sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres após o surgimento do zika vírus no Brasil. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902021200784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo buscou compreender como a epidemia do zika vírus e suas consequências sobre o desenvolvimento fetal influenciaram a percepção de gestantes de diferentes situações socioeconômicas sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos em uma capital da região nordeste do Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de dezoito entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo nove com gestantes do setor público de saúde e nove com gestantes do setor privado de saúde. Os resultados demonstraram que entre gestantes atendidas pelo setor público de saúde há uma alta ocorrência de gestações não intencionais, relacionadas principalmente a dificuldades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e informação. As gestantes de uma maneira geral passaram a desenvolver cuidados a fim de reduzir o risco de infecção pelo zika vírus, comportamento não compartilhado por seus parceiros, apesar da possibilidade de transmissão sexual do vírus. Por fim, a ampliação da discussão sobre os direitos reprodutivos, proposta pela Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 5581, ainda divide opiniões entre as mulheres quanto a possibilidade de interrupção da gestação em casos de infecção pelo zika vírus, sendo que as argumentações favoráveis denunciam as injustiças sociais, enquanto as contrárias mobilizam questões de cunho moral e religioso.
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Zheng Z, Zhang R, Liu T, Cheng P, Zhou Y, Lu W, Xu G, So KF, Lin K. The Psychological Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Pregnant Women in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628835. [PMID: 34276429 PMCID: PMC8282994 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been reported to have negative psychological impact on mental health. Nonetheless, there are few studies investigating the impacts on pregnant women. This study investigated the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women, and the associated risk factors that moderated this impact. Methods and Materials: A total of 2,798 pregnant participants were recruited from the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess depression, generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia, respectively, during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, over one third of pregnant participants reported mild depression, around 20% experienced mild generalized anxiety, about one third reported problems with sleeping, and more than 15% felt mild psychological stress. The occurrence of psychological problems was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to before the outbreak. The previously described pattern that pregnant women in the first trimester are more likely to report depression, and those in the third trimester are more likely to report insomnia and psychological stress, was also recognized in our study population. Mental health issues existing before the outbreak were risk factors, while family support was a protective factor in the occurrence of the measured mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Our data suggest pregnant women's mental health is inevitably affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnant women in the first and third trimester and those who experienced mental issues before the outbreak may be particularly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Brooks SK, Weston D, Greenberg N. Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: rapid evidence review. Public Health 2020; 189:26-36. [PMID: 33142123 PMCID: PMC7605787 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Infectious disease outbreaks can be distressing for everyone, especially those deemed to be particularly vulnerable such as pregnant women, who have been named a high-risk group in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aimed to summarise existing literature on the psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on women who were pregnant at the time of the outbreak. Study design The design of this study is a rapid review. Methods Five databases were searched for relevant literature, and main findings were extracted. Results Thirteen articles were included in the review. The following themes were identified: negative emotional states; living with uncertainty; concerns about infection; concerns about and uptake of prophylaxis or treatment; disrupted routines; non-pharmaceutical protective behaviours; social support; financial and occupational concerns; disrupted expectations of birth, prenatal care and postnatal care and sources of information. Conclusions Pregnant women have unique needs during infectious disease outbreaks and could benefit from up-to-date, consistent information and guidance; appropriate support and advice from healthcare professionals, particularly with regards to the risks and benefits of prophylaxis and treatment; virtual support groups and designating locations or staff specifically for pregnant women. Pregnant women may be particularly susceptible to distress during pandemics. Infection fears and prophylaxis concerns may exacerbate distress. Disrupted routines, financial concerns and uncertainty are also stressors. Disrupted expectations of birth and related healthcare may be distressing. Pregnant women may benefit from clear information/guidance and support groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - D Weston
- Behavioural Science Team, Emergency Response Department Science & Technology, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - N Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
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Shorey S, Chan V. Lessons from past epidemics and pandemics and a way forward for pregnant women, midwives and nurses during COVID-19 and beyond: A meta-synthesis. Midwifery 2020; 90:102821. [PMID: 32847770 PMCID: PMC7438224 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consolidate qualitative research studies that examined the experiences and needs of pregnant women, midwives, and nurses of maternity units to provide a way forward for future research and practices during the current pandemic and future epidemics and pandemics. DESIGN Qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. DATA SOURCE Four electronic databases-PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL). REVIEW METHODS Qualitative studies with samples of pregnant women, midwives, and/or nurses of maternity units who experienced epidemics and/or pandemics were searched from 1 January 2000 to 4 April 2020. The included studies were critically appraised using the ten-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. FINDINGS Eight studies were included in this review. Four themes emerged from the synthesis: (1) psychological responses, (2) challenges faced, (3) coping strategies, and (4) sources of support and support needs. KEY CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women, midwives, and nurses experienced negative psychological responses during epidemics and pandemics. Challenges, such as limited available information and public stigma, were faced. Various coping strategies, such as actively looking for more information and seeking solace in religions, were practiced by pregnant women, midwives, and nurses. Families were both sources of support and stress and they expressed needs for more informational, emotional, and financial support during pandemics. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE More culturally diverse research in the future that includes the development of technology-based programs, trained community volunteer-led programs, psychosocial interventions, and anti-stigma and awareness initiatives are needed to combat the current pandemic and future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Valerie Chan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, 117597 Singapore.
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Kuper H, Lyra TM, Moreira MEL, de Albuquerque MDSV, de Araújo TVB, Fernandes S, Jofre-Bonet M, Larson H, Lopes de Melo AP, Mendes CHF, Moreira MCN, do Nascimento MAF, Penn-Kekana L, Pimentel C, Pinto M, Simas C, Valongueiro S. Social and economic impacts of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: Study protocol and rationale for a mixed-methods study. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:127. [PMID: 31667356 PMCID: PMC6807146 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14838.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Global concern broke out in late 2015 as thousands of children in Brazil were born with microcephaly, which was quickly linked to congenital infection with Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV is now known to cause a wider spectrum of severe adverse outcomes-congenital Zika syndrome (CZS)-and also milder impairments. This study aimed to explore the social and economic impacts of CZS in Brazil. Data was collected through mixed methods across two settings: Recife City and Jaboatão dos Guararapes in Pernambuco State (the epicentre of the epidemic), and the city of Rio de Janeiro (where reports of ZIKV infection and CZS were less frequent). Data was collected May 2017-January 2018. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the research. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with: mothers and other carers of children with CZS (approximately 30 per setting), pregnant women (10-12 per setting), men and women of child-bearing age (16-20 per setting), and health professionals (10-12 per setting). Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by researchers from at least two research settings, and these were shared for feedback. A case-control study was undertaken to quantitatively explore social and economic differences between caregivers of a child with CZS (cases) and caregivers with an unaffected child (controls). We aimed to recruit 100 cases and 100 controls per setting, from existing studies. The primary caregiver, usually the mother, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on: depression, anxiety, stress, social support, family quality of life, health care and social service use, and costs incurred by families. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes for cases and controls. Costs incurred as a result of CZS were estimated from the perspective of the health system, families and society. Modelling was undertaken to estimate the total economic burden of CZS from those three perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tereza Maciel Lyra
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ/PE, Recife, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silke Fernandes
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Heidi Larson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ana Paula Lopes de Melo
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ/PE, Recife, Brazil.,Public Health Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Loveday Penn-Kekana
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Marcia Pinto
- Fernando Figueira Maternal and Children's Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Simas
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sandra Valongueiro
- Postgraduate Programme in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Kuper H, Lyra TM, Moreira MEL, de Albuquerque MDSV, de Araújo TVB, Fernandes S, Jofre-Bonet M, Larson H, Lopes de Melo AP, Mendes CHF, Moreira MCN, do Nascimento MAF, Penn-Kekana L, Pimentel C, Pinto M, Simas C, Valongueiro S. Social and economic impacts of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: Study protocol and rationale for a mixed-methods study. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:127. [PMID: 31667356 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14838.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global concern broke out in late 2015 as thousands of children in Brazil were born with microcephaly, which was quickly linked to congenital infection with Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV is now known to cause a wider spectrum of severe adverse outcomes-congenital Zika syndrome (CZS)-and also milder impairments. This study aimed to explore the social and economic impacts of CZS in Brazil. Data was collected through mixed methods across two settings: Recife City and Jaboatão dos Guararapes in Pernambuco State (the epicentre of the epidemic), and the city of Rio de Janeiro (where reports of ZIKV infection and CZS were less frequent). Data was collected May 2017-January 2018. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the research. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with: mothers and other carers of children with CZS (approximately 30 per setting), pregnant women (10-12 per setting), men and women of child-bearing age (16-20 per setting), and health professionals (10-12 per setting). Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by researchers from at least two research settings, and these were shared for feedback. A case-control study was undertaken to quantitatively explore social and economic differences between caregivers of a child with CZS (cases) and caregivers with an unaffected child (controls). We aimed to recruit 100 cases and 100 controls per setting, from existing studies. The primary caregiver, usually the mother, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on: depression, anxiety, stress, social support, family quality of life, health care and social service use, and costs incurred by families. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes for cases and controls. Costs incurred as a result of CZS were estimated from the perspective of the health system, families and society. Modelling was undertaken to estimate the total economic burden of CZS from those three perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tereza Maciel Lyra
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ/PE, Recife, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silke Fernandes
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Heidi Larson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ana Paula Lopes de Melo
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ/PE, Recife, Brazil.,Public Health Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Loveday Penn-Kekana
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Marcia Pinto
- Fernando Figueira Maternal and Children's Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Simas
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sandra Valongueiro
- Postgraduate Programme in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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