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Rosansky JA, Howard L, Goodman H, Okst K, Fatkin T, Fredericksen AK, Sokol R, Gardiner P, Parry G, Cook BL, Weiss RD, Schuman-Olivier ZD. Effects of live-online, group mindfulness training on opioid use and anxiety during buprenorphine treatment: A comparative effectiveness RCT. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 137:107417. [PMID: 38135210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine has emerged as a popular evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder. Unfortunately, psychosocial stress, anxiety, pain, and co-morbid substance use increase patients' risk for relapse. We designed this study to compare the effects of complementing buprenorphine treatment with 24 weeks of a live-online Mindful Recovery Opioid Care Continuum (M-ROCC) group to a time and attention-matched, live-online Recovery Support Group (RSG) active control condition. METHODS We plan to enroll a maximum of N = 280 and randomize at least N = 192 patients prescribed buprenorphine through referrals from office-based and telemedicine buprenorphine treatment providers and social media advertisements. Participants will be randomly assigned to M-ROCC or RSG and will be blinded to their treatment condition. The primary outcome for this study will be biochemically confirmed periods of abstinence from illicit opioids, as measured by self-reported use and randomly collected, video-observed oral fluid toxicology testing during the final 12 weeks of study participation. Secondary outcomes include changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and pain interference scores between baseline and week 24. RESULTS The trial was funded by the National Institutes of Health, HEAL Initiative through NCCIH (R33AT010125). Data collection is projected to end by September 2023, and we expect publication of results in 2024. CONCLUSION If the M-ROCC intervention is found to be effective in this format, it will demonstrate that live-online mindfulness groups can improve outcomes and address common co-morbidities like anxiety and pain during buprenorphine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Rosansky
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Leah Howard
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Hannah Goodman
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Kayley Okst
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Thomas Fatkin
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - A Kiera Fredericksen
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Randi Sokol
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Family Medicine, 1493 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America; Tufts University School of Medicine, Family Medicine Residency Training Program, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - Paula Gardiner
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Gareth Parry
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L Cook
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Zev D Schuman-Olivier
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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2
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Dimakos C, Loomis C, Gilmer A, Wright C, Christens BD, Pelletier J, Peters RD. Locating longitudinal study participants 10 years after last contact: Contemporary approaches to sample retention. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1540-1559. [PMID: 36041190 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite their advantages, longitudinal studies often face high rates of attrition. This study documents the extensive efforts associated with retaining a longitudinal cohort last contacted 10 years earlier. METHOD We examine the processes and outcomes of attempts to reach 1736 individuals who have been part of a multiwave study about growing up in Ontario, Canada. Contact methods include email, phone, text, social media, postal mail, announcements in newspapers, subway stations, and music streaming services. RESULTS Challenges included a lack of consistent annual communication with participants, children moving out of the parental home, and changes in email addresses and phone numbers. The most effective contact method was phone; text messages and friend referrals were the least effective. Overall, 41.5% of the original sample was reached. Locating former research participants years later necessitated multiple and repeated contact attempts, and intensive human resources. CONCLUSION Ten lessons for effective sample retention are discussed. In summary, reducing attrition depends on a comprehensive study design and an organized and flexible protocol that adapts to a study's ever-changing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dimakos
- Applied Psychology & Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen Loomis
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University and Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis Gilmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie Wright
- Applied Research Innovation and Evaluation Services, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Christens
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Janette Pelletier
- Applied Psychology & Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ray DeV Peters
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Peterkin AF, Jawa R, Menezes K, You J, Cabral H, Ruiz-Mercado G, Park TW, Kehoe J, Taylor JL, Weinstein ZM. Pre-Paid Phone Distribution: A Tool for Improving Healthcare Engagement for People with Substance Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:585-589. [PMID: 36695079 PMCID: PMC10557432 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2170184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic drove significant disruptions in access to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and harm reduction services. Healthcare delivery via telemedicine has increasingly become the norm, rendering access to a phone essential for engagement in care. METHODS Adult patients with SUD who lacked phones (n = 181) received a free, pre-paid phone during encounters with inpatient and outpatient SUD programs. We evaluated changes in healthcare engagement including completed in-person and telemedicine outpatient visits and telephone encounters 30 days before and after phone receipt. We used descriptive statistics, where appropriate, and paired t-tests to assess the change in healthcare engagement measures. RESULTS Patients were predominantly male (64%) and white (62%) with high rates of homelessness (81%) and opioid use disorder (89%). When comparing 30 days before to 30 days after phone receipt, there was a significant increased change in number of telemedicine visits by 0.3 (95% CL [0.1,0.4], p < 0.001) and telephone encounters by 0.2 (95% CL [0.1,0.3], p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant change in in-person outpatient visits observed. CONCLUSIONS Pre-paid phone distribution to patients with SUD was associated with an increased healthcare engagement including telemedicine visits and encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F. Peterkin
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raagini Jawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Center for Research on Healthcare, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kalil Menezes
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline You
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Glorimar Ruiz-Mercado
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Center for Research on Healthcare, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tae Woo Park
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Kehoe
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L. Taylor
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoe M. Weinstein
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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El Ayadi AM, Nalubwama H, Barageine JK, Miller S, Obore S, Kakaire O, Korn A, Lester F, Diamond-Smith NG, Mwanje H, Byamugisha J. Feasibility and acceptability of mobile phone data collection for longitudinal follow-up among patients treated for obstetric fistula in Uganda. Health Care Women Int 2022; 43:1340-1354. [PMID: 33030977 PMCID: PMC9318213 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1825439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid dissemination of mobile technology provides substantial opportunity for overcoming challenges reaching rural and marginalized populations. We assessed feasibility and acceptability of longitudinal mobile data capture among women undergoing fistula surgery in Uganda (n = 60) in 2014-2015. Participants were followed for 12 months following surgery, with data captured quarterly, followed by interviews at 12 months. Participant retention was high (97%). Most respondents reported no difficulty with mobile data capture (range 93%-100%), and preferred mobile interview (88%-100%). Mobile data capture saved 1000 person-hours of transit and organizational time. Phone-based mobile data collection provided social support. Our results support this method for longitudinal studies among geographically and socially marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. El Ayadi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hadija Nalubwama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justus K. Barageine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Suellen Miller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Obore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Othman Kakaire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abner Korn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Felicia Lester
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nadia G. Diamond-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haruna Mwanje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josaphat Byamugisha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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5
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Social capital and alcohol risks among older adults (50 years and over): analysis from the Drink Wise Age Well Survey. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although there has been significant research on the relationship between alcohol consumption and demographic and psychological influences, this does not consider the effect of social influence among older drinkers and if these effects differ between men and women. One aspect of social influence is social capital. The aim of this paper is to examine whether relational and cognitive social capital are associated with higher or lower risk of alcohol use among adults aged 50 years or older and to assess the extent to which this relationship differs between men and women. To investigate this, data were collected from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of adults over the age of 50 in the United Kingdom who were recruited from general practitioners. The sample consisted of 9,984 individuals whose mean age was 63.87 years. From these data, we developed proxy measures of social capital and associate these with the respondent's level of alcohol consumption as measured on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-10) scale. In the sample, just over 20 per cent reported an increasing risk or dependency on alcohol. Using two expressions of social capital – relational (social relationships) and cognitive (knowledge acquisition and understanding) – we found that greater levels of both are associated with a reduced risk of higher drinking risk. Being female had no significant effect when combined with relational capital but did have a significant effect when combined with cognitive capital. It is argued that interventions to enhance social relations among older people and education to help understand alcohol risks would be helpful to protect older people from the damaging effects of excessive alcohol consumption.
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6
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Yoder L, Mladenovic A, Pike F, Vuppalanchi R, Hanson H, Corbito L, Desai AP, Chalasani N, Orman ES. Attendance at a Transitional Liver Clinic May Be Associated with Reduced Readmissions for Patients with Liver Disease. Am J Med 2022; 135:235-243.e2. [PMID: 34655539 PMCID: PMC8840978 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with liver disease have high rates of early hospital readmission, but there are no studies of effective, scalable interventions to reduce this risk. In this study, we examined the impact of a Physician Assistant (PA)-led post-discharge Transitional Liver Clinic (TLC) on hospital readmissions. METHODS We performed a cohort study of all adults seen by a hepatologist during admission to a tertiary care center in 2019 (excluding transplant patients). We compared those who attended the TLC with those who did not, with respect to 30-day readmission and mortality. Propensity score-adjusted modeling was used to control for confounding. RESULTS Of 498 patients, 98 were seen in the TLC; 35% had alcoholic liver disease and 58% had cirrhosis. Attendees were similar to non-attendees with respect to demographics, liver disease characteristics and severity, comorbidities, and discharge disposition. Thirty-day cumulative incidence of readmissions was 12% in TLC attendees, compared with 22% in non-attendees (P = .02), while 30-day mortality was similar (2.0% vs 4.3%; P = .29). In a model using propensity score adjustment, TLC attendance remained associated with reduced readmissions (subhazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.997; P = .049). The effect of TLC was greater in women compared with men (P = .07) and in those without chronic kidney disease (P = .02), but there were no differences across other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with liver disease seen in a PA-led TLC may have a significant reduction in the 30-day readmission rate. Randomized trials are needed to establish the efficacy of PA-led post-discharge transitional care for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Yoder
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
| | - Andrea Mladenovic
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Francis Pike
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Raj Vuppalanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
| | - Haleigh Hanson
- Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
| | - Laura Corbito
- Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
| | - Archita P Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
| | - Eric S Orman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Digestive & Liver Disorders, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis.
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7
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Ozga JE, Paquette C, Syvertsen JL, Pollini RA. Mobile phone and internet use among people who inject drugs: Implications for mobile health interventions. Subst Abuse 2022; 43:592-597. [PMID: 34491889 PMCID: PMC9536021 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1975871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to improve substance use treatment engagement and outcomes, and to reduce risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, there are few studies assessing mobile technology use among PWID and none have investigated continuity of mobile phone use. Methods: We surveyed 494 PWID. We used bivariate (independent-sample t- and chi-square tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses to determine whether mobile phone and/or internet use differed as a function of participant- and/or injection-related characteristics. Results: Most participants (77%) had a mobile phone, with 67% having a phone that was free of charge. Participants with a phone were significantly less likely to be homeless (AOR = 0.28), to have shared syringes (AOR = 0.53), and to have reused syringes (AOR = 0.26) in the past 3 months. We observed high rates of phone and number turnover, with more than half reporting that they got a new phone (57%) and/or number (56%) at least once within the past 3 months. Most participants were familiar with using the internet (80% ever use), though participants who had ever used the internet were younger (AOR = 0.89), were less likely to be homeless (AOR = 0.38), were less likely to have shared syringes (AOR = 0.49), and were more likely to have injected methamphetamine by itself (AOR = 2.49) in the past 3 months. Conclusions: Overall, mobile technology and internet use was high among our sample of PWID. Several factors should be considered in recruiting diverse samples of PWID to minimize bias in mHealth study outcomes, including mobile phone access and protocol type (text- vs internet-based).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E. Ozga
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Catherine Paquette
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton,
MD, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Robin A. Pollini
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton,
MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University,
Morgantown, WV, USA
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8
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Heid AR, Cartwright FP, Wilson-Genderson M, Pruchno R. Understanding Attrition and Bolstering Retention in a Longitudinal Panel of Older Adults: ORANJ BOWL. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab010. [PMID: 33898761 PMCID: PMC8054864 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Attrition from longitudinal studies can affect the generalizability of findings especially when studying developmental constructs such as successful aging. Research Design and Methods Using data from a 12-year (6-wave) panel of 5,688 older people (aged 50-74 at baseline), we compared people retained in the panel with people lost to follow-up on demographic characteristics and measures of successful aging. After instituting expanded retention strategies at Wave 6 (i.e., a team-based approach, social media, and paid web search engines), we compared different groups of people lost to follow-up (i.e., deceased and withdrawn due to lack of interest) and different types of completers (i.e., full completers vs. lost and reengaged completers). Results At baseline, Wave 6 completers were significantly younger, less likely to be African American, more likely to be married, reported higher levels of income and education, were more likely to be working full-time, had less pain and fewer chronic illnesses, and reported higher levels of subjective successful aging and functional ability than those lost to follow-up. Analyses demonstrated differences across groups based on the reason for loss (i.e., deceased, impaired, and not interested). Participants who missed an interview but returned to the panel were significantly different from those who participated in all waves of data collection. Expanded retention efforts improved generalizability, as people returning to the panel reported lower levels of education, lower levels of income, and were more likely to be African American. Discussion and Implications Biased attrition within longitudinal research affects the interpretation of study findings, especially when studying developmental outcomes. However, expanded retention strategies can reduce bias and loss and should be used to enhance retention efforts in longitudinal work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francine P Cartwright
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Retaining participants in community-based health research: a case example on standardized planning and reporting. Trials 2020; 21:393. [PMID: 32393334 PMCID: PMC7216482 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective strategies for participant retention are critical in health research to ensure validity, generalizability and efficient use of resources. Yet standardized guidelines for planning and reporting on retention efforts have been lacking. As with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and systematic review (SR) protocols, retention protocols are an opportunity to improve transparency and rigor. An RCT being conducted in British Columbia (BC), Canada provides a case example for developing a priori retention frameworks for use in protocol planning and reporting. Methods The BC Healthy Connections Project RCT is examining the effectiveness of a nurse home-visiting program in improving child and maternal outcomes compared with existing services. Participants (N = 739) were girls and young women preparing to parent for the first time and experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. Quantitative data were collected upon trial entry during pregnancy and during five follow-up interviews until participants’ children reached age 2 years. A framework was developed to guide retention of this study population throughout the RCT. We reviewed relevant literature and mapped essential retention activities across the study planning, recruitment and maintenance phases. Interview completion rates were tracked. Results Results from 3302 follow-up interviews (in-person/telephone) conducted over 4 years indicate high completion rates: 90% (n = 667) at 34 weeks gestation; and 91% (n = 676), 85% (n = 626), 80% (n = 594) and 83% (n = 613) at 2, 10, 18 and 24 months postpartum, respectively. Almost all participants (99%, n = 732) provided ongoing consent to access administrative health data. These results provide preliminary data on the success of the framework. Conclusions Our retention results are encouraging given that participants were experiencing considerable socioeconomic disadvantage. Standardized retention planning and reporting may therefore be feasible for health research in general, using the framework we have developed. Use of standardized retention protocols should be encouraged in research to promote consistency across diverse studies, as now happens with RCT and SR protocols. Beyond this, successful retention approaches may help inform health policy-makers and practitioners who also need to better reach, engage and retain underserved populations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01672060. Registered on 24 August 2012.
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10
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Korkes F, Palou J. High mortality rates after radical cystectomy: we must have acceptable protocols and consider the rationale of cutaneous ureterostomy for high-risk patients. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:1090-1093. [PMID: 31808395 PMCID: PMC6909864 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2019.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Korkes
- Disciplina de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Juan Palou
- Fundacion Puigvert Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Espanha
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11
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Hokke S, Hackworth NJ, Bennetts SK, Nicholson JM, Keyzer P, Lucke J, Zion L, Crawford SB. Ethical Considerations in Using Social Media to Engage Research Participants: Perspectives of Australian Researchers and Ethics Committee Members. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2019; 15:12-27. [PMID: 31195884 DOI: 10.1177/1556264619854629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Researchers increasingly use social media (SM) to recruit, retain, and trace participants, yet empirical literature investigating the ethics of engaging participants via SM is lacking. We conducted a survey of 401 Australian researchers and human research ethics committee (HREC) members to examine their experience, attitudes, and ethical concerns toward engaging participants via SM. Data revealed that researchers and HREC members share similar concerns and attitudes about using SM in general and in research. We identified a strong demand for additional support, training, and guidance on SM research ethics. This need reflects researchers' and HREC members' limited confidence and knowledge of ethical issues in this context and a lack of awareness of available SM-specific ethical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi J Hackworth
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shannon K Bennetts
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jayne Lucke
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Saberi P, Dawson Rose C, Wootton AR, Ming K, Legnitto D, Jeske M, Pollack LM, Johnson MO, Gruber VA, Neilands TB. Use of technology for delivery of mental health and substance use services to youth living with HIV: a mixed-methods perspective. AIDS Care 2019; 32:931-939. [PMID: 31132864 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1622637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in HIV treatment outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLWH) present a challenge for ending the HIV epidemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence can be impacted by comorbidities such as mental health and substance use. Technology use has shown promise in increasing access to mental health and substance use services. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted formative research to describe the relationship between mental health, substance use, and medication adherence in 18-29 year-old YLWH, and explored technology use as an approach to supporting these services. Among 101 YLWH, ART adherence was significantly negatively associated with mental health measures such as depression, trauma, and adverse childhood experiences and marijuana and stimulants use. Depression had the highest level of relative importance in its association with ART adherence. During in-depth interviews with 29 participants, barriers to and facilitators of accessing and maintaining mental health services were identified. Most participants favored technology use for mental health and substance use service delivery, including videoconferencing with a counselor. Provision of ongoing mental health and substance use treatment is an important mechanism to achieving HIV treatment engagement. Technology, particularly videoconferencing, may have the capacity to overcome many barriers to care by increasing accessibility of these services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Saberi
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carol Dawson Rose
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angie R Wootton
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Ming
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dominique Legnitto
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Jeske
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lance M Pollack
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mallory O Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie A Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Barry CM, Sabhlok A, Saba VC, Majors AD, Schechter JC, Levine EL, Streicher M, Bennett GG, Kollins SH, Fuemmeler BF. An Automated Text-Messaging Platform for Enhanced Retention and Data Collection in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort: Cohort Management Platform Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019; 5:e11666. [PMID: 30938689 PMCID: PMC6465978 DOI: 10.2196/11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional methods for recruiting and maintaining contact with participants in cohort studies include print-based correspondence, which can be unidirectional, labor intensive, and slow. Leveraging technology can substantially enhance communication, maintain engagement of study participants in cohort studies, and facilitate data collection on a range of outcomes. Objective This paper provides an overview of the development process and design of a cohort management platform (CMP) used in the Newborn Epigenetic STudy (NEST), a large longitudinal birth cohort study. Methods The platform uses short message service (SMS) text messaging to facilitate interactive communication with participants; it also semiautomatically performs many recruitment and retention procedures typically completed by research assistants over the course of multiple study follow-up visits. Results Since February 2016, 302 participants have consented to enrollment in the platform and 162 have enrolled with active engagement in the system. Daily reminders are being used to help improve adherence to the study’s accelerometer wear protocol. At the time of this report, 213 participants in our follow-up study who were also registered to use the CMP were eligible for the accelerometer protocol. Preliminary data show that texters (138/213, 64.8%), when compared to nontexters (75/213, 35.2%), had significantly longer average accelerometer-wearing hours (165.6 hours, SD 56.5, vs 145.3 hours, SD 58.5, P=.01) when instructed to wear the devices for 1 full week. Conclusions This platform can serve as a model for enhancing communication and engagement with longitudinal study cohorts, especially those involved in studies assessing environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Barry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Aditi Sabhlok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Victoria C Saba
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alesha D Majors
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Julia C Schechter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erica L Levine
- Global Digital Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Martin Streicher
- Global Digital Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gary G Bennett
- Global Digital Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Scott H Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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14
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Rice M, Soistmann HC, Ejem D, Johnson AH, Turner-Henson A, Davis SL, Gray L. Recruitment of hard to contact, hard to engage child populations in clinics and schools. Appl Nurs Res 2019; 46:72-77. [PMID: 30773242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recruiting children with chronic disease or subgroups of children (low income, obese, specific ages, types of cancer) from clinics and schools for research studies may be particularly difficult. While some have deemed such groups as hard to reach, these groups may be more accurately described as either hard to contact or hard to engage. This is not because children are unknown to the school or clinic but because the researcher's ability to communicate directly with targeted children prior to enrollment is limited. The purpose of this paper is to describe barriers and possible strategies for recruiting hard to contact or hard to engage subgroups of children. Barriers identified in recruiting these children were: naïve to research, communication style and technology, parent/guardian burden, parental conditions and concerns, child stressors and distractions, and research setting. Possible strategies include: pre-consent education, information sheets about study, identifying preferred method of communication, meaningful and appropriate incentives, coordinating recruitment visit with regularly scheduled clinic appointments or school schedule, demonstrating research equipment, informing staff about research study, negotiating creatively for space for research, and emphasizing confidentiality of data. Consideration of barriers to recruitment and utilization of strategies to counteract these barriers is critical to the success of a study involving subgroups of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marti Rice
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
| | - Heather C Soistmann
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Deborah Ejem
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | | | - Anne Turner-Henson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Sara L Davis
- University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Laura Gray
- Belmont University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
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15
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Deane FP, Blackman R, Kelly PJ. Impact of early telephone contact on 3-month follow-up rates following residential drug and alcohol treatment: A randomized controlled trial. Subst Abus 2018; 40:154-159. [PMID: 30457934 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) is an important component of service provision and qualitity assurance procedures. However, a major logistical and financial challenge for organizations is successfully following up participants once they have left residential alcohol and other drug treatment. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact and effectiveness of an "early" follow-up contact and brief interview on subsequent 3-month ROM follow-up success. Methods: Participants were 800 clients attending specialist residential alcohol and other drug treatment provided by The Salvation Army. As part of routine outcome assessment procedures, all people attending these programs are asked to complete a 3-month follow-up assessment. Participants were randomly allocated either to the early contact condition (i.e., "early" 2-week follow-up contact prior to the 3-month follow-up assessment) or to the control condition (i.e., no "early" 2-week follow-up prior to the 3-month follow-up assessment). The primary outcomes were the proportion of participants who were followed up and surveyed at 3 months. Results: There were significantly higher follow-up rates at 3 months post discharge for participants in the early contact group (55.6%) compared with the control condition (46.1%). Although there were higher rates of 3-month follow-up for participants in the early contact group, rates of successful survey completion were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Including an early 2-week telephone call prior to the 3-month assessment increased the number of participants we were able to follow up at 3 months post discharge but did not improve the rate of survey participation at 3 months. The additional costs associated with this activity and the modest increase in follow-up rates need to be considered prior to organizations investing in these follow-up enhancement activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Russell Blackman
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia
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16
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The provision of cell phones as a recruitment and retention strategy for people who inject drugs enrolling in a randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 184:20-25. [PMID: 29402675 PMCID: PMC5818325 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of drug-using populations often restrict enrollment by limiting participation to those with a working telephone. It is unknown whether supplying phones could broaden recruitment and sustain retention among an urban population of people who inject drugs (PWID). We compare the feasibility of offering pay-by-month phones to gift card compensation as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial of hospitalized PWID. METHODS Participants were recruited from inpatient services at an urban hospital in Boston, MA to participate in an ongoing randomized trial testing a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention. Participants who did not have their own phone at the time of enrollment were offered a pay-by-month phones as compensation for study participation. RESULTS Eighty-one participants met study criteria, were enrolled, and completed the study at the time of analysis. We used a generalized estimating equation to compare the overall likelihood of attending interviews during the 12-month follow-up period. Participants receiving phones tended to have lower mean educational attainment (11.4 years vs. 12.1 years), were significantly (Fisher's exact p < 0.001) more likely to report homelessness during the past 90 days (86.7% vs. 37.3%), and were significantly less likely (Fisher's exact p = .044) to be employed (3.3% vs. 20.4%) compared to those receiving gift cards. Participants in each group were equally likely to attend follow-up interviews during the study (83.3% vs. 88.3%, p = 0.53). CONCLUSION Offering phones as a compensation method allows recruitment of a more disenfranchised population without impacting study retention and therefore may improve generalizability of study results.
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17
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Navarra AMD, Gwadz MV, Whittemore R, Bakken SR, Cleland CM, Burleson W, Jacobs SK, Melkus GD. Health Technology-Enabled Interventions for Adherence Support and Retention in Care Among US HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults: An Integrative Review. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:3154-3171. [PMID: 28776275 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this integrative review was to describe current US trends for health technology-enabled adherence interventions among behaviorally HIV-infected youth (ages 13-29 years), and present the feasibility and efficacy of identified interventions. A comprehensive search was executed across five electronic databases (January 2005-March 2016). Of the 1911 identified studies, nine met the inclusion criteria of quantitative or mixed methods design, technology-enabled adherence and or retention intervention for US HIV-infected youth. The majority were small pilots. Intervention dose varied between studies applying similar technology platforms with more than half not informed by a theoretical framework. Retention in care was not a reported outcome, and operationalization of adherence was heterogeneous across studies. Despite these limitations, synthesized findings from this review demonstrate feasibility of computer-based interventions, and initial efficacy of SMS texting for adherence support among HIV-infected youth. Moving forward, there is a pressing need for the expansion of this evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Margaret Dunn Navarra
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue Room 410, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Marya Viorst Gwadz
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue Room 410, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Robin Whittemore
- School of Nursing, Yale University, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT, 06477, USA
| | - Suzanne R Bakken
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University School of Nursing, 617 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Charles M Cleland
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue Room 410, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Winslow Burleson
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue Room 410, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Susan Kaplan Jacobs
- Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, New York University Libraries, 70 Washington Square South, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Gail D'Eramo Melkus
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue Room 410, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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18
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Johnson SB. Clinical Research Informatics: Supporting the Research Study Lifecycle. Yearb Med Inform 2017; 26:193-200. [PMID: 29063565 PMCID: PMC6239240 DOI: 10.15265/iy-2017-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The primary goal of this review is to summarize significant developments in the field of Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) over the years 2015-2016. The secondary goal is to contribute to a deeper understanding of CRI as a field, through the development of a strategy for searching and classifying CRI publications. Methods: A search strategy was developed to query the PubMed database, using medical subject headings to both select and exclude articles, and filtering publications by date and other characteristics. A manual review classified publications using stages in the "research study lifecycle", with key stages that include study definition, participant enrollment, data management, data analysis, and results dissemination. Results: The search strategy generated 510 publications. The manual classification identified 125 publications as relevant to CRI, which were classified into seven different stages of the research lifecycle, and one additional class that pertained to multiple stages, referring to general infrastructure or standards. Important cross-cutting themes included new applications of electronic media (Internet, social media, mobile devices), standardization of data and procedures, and increased automation through the use of data mining and big data methods. Conclusions: The review revealed increased interest and support for CRI in large-scale projects across institutions, regionally, nationally, and internationally. A search strategy based on medical subject headings can find many relevant papers, but a large number of non-relevant papers need to be detected using text words which pertain to closely related fields such as computational statistics and clinical informatics. The research lifecycle was useful as a classification scheme by highlighting the relevance to the users of clinical research informatics solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Johnson
- Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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19
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Farabee D, Schulte M, Gonzales R, Grella CE. Technological aids for improving longitudinal research on substance use disorders. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:370. [PMID: 27509830 PMCID: PMC4980796 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a broad consensus that addictive behaviors tend to be chronic and relapsing. But for field studies of substance users, successfully tracking, locating, and following up with a representative sample of subjects is a challenge. Methods The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of how current technological aids can support and improve the quality of longitudinal research on substance use disorders. The review is grouped into four domains: (1) tracking and locating, (2) prompting/engaging, (3) incentivizing, and (4) collecting data. Results & conclusions Although the technologies described in this review will be modified or replaced over time, our findings suggest that incorporating some or all of these currently available approaches may improve research efficiency, follow-up rates, and data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Farabee
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
| | - Marya Schulte
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Rachel Gonzales
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Christine E Grella
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
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20
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Maher L, Page K. Reducing bias in prospective observational studies of drug users: the need for upstream and downstream approaches. Addiction 2015; 110:1259-61. [PMID: 26173158 PMCID: PMC4505920 DOI: 10.1111/add.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA.
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