1
|
Rampoldi F, Donato E, Ullrich L, Deseke M, Janssen A, Demera A, Sandrock I, Bubke A, Juergens AL, Swallow M, Sparwasser T, Falk C, Tan L, Trumpp A, Prinz I. γδ T cells license immature B cells to produce a broad range of polyreactive antibodies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110854. [PMID: 35613579 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature autoreactive B cells are present in all healthy individuals, but it is unclear which signals are required for their maturation into antibody-producing cells. Inducible depletion of γδ T cells show that direct interaction between γδ T cells and immature B cells in the spleen support an "innate" transition to mature B cells with a broad range of antigen specificities. IL-4 production of γδ T cells and cell-to-cell contact via CD30L support B cell maturation and induce genes of the unfolded protein response and mTORC1 signaling. Eight days after in vivo depletion of γδ T cells, increased numbers of B cells are already stuck in the transitional phase and express increased levels of IgD and CD21. Absence of γδ T cells leads also to reduced levels of serum anti-nuclear autoantibodies, making γδ T cells an attractive target to treat autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Elisa Donato
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Leon Ullrich
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Juergens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim AH, Chung JJ, Akilesh S, Koziell A, Jain S, Hodgin JB, Miller MJ, Stappenbeck TS, Miner JH, Shaw AS. B cell-derived IL-4 acts on podocytes to induce proteinuria and foot process effacement. JCI Insight 2017; 2:81836. [PMID: 29093269 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.81836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of B cell depletion therapies in diseases such as nephrotic syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis suggests a broader role in B cells in human disease than previously recognized. In some of these diseases, such as the minimal change disease subtype of nephrotic syndrome, pathogenic antibodies and immune complexes are not involved. We hypothesized that B cells, activated in the kidney, might produce cytokines capable of directly inducing cell injury and proteinuria. To directly test our hypothesis, we targeted a model antigen to the kidney glomerulus and showed that transfer of antigen-specific B cells could induce glomerular injury and proteinuria. This effect was mediated by IL-4, as transfer of IL-4-deficient B cells did not induce proteinuria. Overexpression of IL-4 in mice was sufficient to induce kidney injury and proteinuria and could be attenuated by JAK kinase inhibitors. Since IL-4 is a specific activator of STAT6, we analyzed kidney biopsies and demonstrated STAT6 activation in up to 1 of 3 of minimal change disease patients, suggesting IL-4 or IL-13 exposure in these patients. These data suggest that the role of B cells in nephrotic syndrome could be mediated by cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Hj Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Jun-Jae Chung
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ania Koziell
- Department of Experimental Immunobiology, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London and Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrey S Shaw
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
γδ T cells can influence specific antibody responses. Here, we report that mice deficient in individual γδ T-cell subsets have altered levels of serum antibodies, including all major subclasses, sometimes regardless of the presence of αβ T cells. One strain with a partial γδ deficiency that increases IgE antibodies also displayed increases in IL-4-producing T cells (both residual γδ T cells and αβ T cells) and in systemic IL-4 levels. Its B cells expressed IL-4-regulated inhibitory receptors (CD5, CD22, and CD32) at diminished levels, whereas IL-4-inducible IL-4 receptor α and MHCII were increased. They also showed signs of activation and spontaneously formed germinal centers. These mice displayed IgE-dependent features found in hyper-IgE syndrome and developed antichromatin, antinuclear, and anticytoplasmic autoantibodies. In contrast, mice deficient in all γδ T cells had nearly unchanged Ig levels and did not develop autoantibodies. Removing IL-4 abrogated the increases in IgE, antichromatin antibodies, and autoantibodies in the partially γδ-deficient mice. Our data suggest that γδ T cells, controlled by their own cross-talk, affect IL-4 production, B-cell activation, and B-cell tolerance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pál Z, Varga Z, Semsei Á, Reményi V, Rózsa C, Falus A, Illes Z, Buzás EI, Molnar MJ. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms in autoimmune myasthenia gravis in a Caucasian population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:193-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
5
|
Iseki M, Omori-Miyake M, Xu W, Sun X, Takaki S, Rawlings DJ, Ziegler SF. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-induced polyclonal B-cell activation and autoimmunity are mediated by CD4+ T cells and IL-4. Int Immunol 2012; 24:183-95. [PMID: 22281511 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) functions as a regulator of bone marrow B-cell development and a key initiator of allergic inflammation. In the current study, we show that mature B cells, derived from transgenic mice with systemically elevated levels of TSLP (K5-TSLP mice), exhibit markedly enhanced mitogenic responses in vitro and that this enhanced responsiveness leads to polyclonal B-cell activation and development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in vivo. In contrast, B cells derived from K5-TSLP mice lacking CD4(+) T cells failed to show polyclonal activation. Furthermore, neither mature B-cell activation nor hemolytic anemia occurred in IL-4-deficient K5-TSLP mice. Consistent with these findings, activation of mature B cells occurred independently of B-cell intrinsic TSLP signals. Taken together, our results demonstrate that systemic alterations in TSLP, through induction of IL-4 from CD4(+) T cells and other cell types, functions as an important factor in peripheral B-cell homeostasis and promotion of humoral autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rothstein TL, Guo B. Receptor crosstalk: reprogramming B cell receptor signalling to an alternate pathway results in expression and secretion of the autoimmunity-associated cytokine, osteopontin. J Intern Med 2009; 265:632-43. [PMID: 19493057 PMCID: PMC2774770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor crosstalk: reprogramming B cell receptor signalling to an alternate pathway results in expression and secretion of the autoimmunity-associated cytokine, osteopontin (Review). J Intern Med 2009; 265: 632-643.Intracellular signalling emanating from the B-cell antigen receptor is considered to follow a discrete course that requires participation by a set of mediators, grouped together as the signalosome, in order for downstream events to occur. Recent work indicates that this paradigm is true only for naïve B cells. Following engagement of the IL-4 receptor, a new, alternate pathway for B-cell receptor (BCR)-triggered intracellular signalling is established that bypasses the need for signalosome elements and operates in parallel with the classical, signalosome-dependent pathway. Reliance on Lyn and sensitivity to rottlerin by the former, but not the latter, distinguishes these two pathways. The advent of alternate pathway signalling leads to production and secretion by B cells of osteopontin (Opn). As Opn is a polyclonal B-cell activator that is strongly associated with a number of autoimmune diseases including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, this novel finding is likely to be clinically relevant. Our results highlight the potential role of B-cell-derived Opn in immunity and autoimmunity and suggest that stress-related IL-4 expression might act to strengthen immunoglobulin secretion at the risk of autoantibody formation. Further, these results illustrate receptor crosstalk in the form of reprogramming, whereby engagement of one receptor (IL-4R) produces an effect that persists after the original ligand (IL-4) is removed and results in alteration of the pathway, and outcome, of signalling via a second receptor (BCR) following its activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Rothstein
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang J, Wang Y, Guo J, Lu H, Lin X, Ma L, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Chang AE, Li Q. Radiation-induced apoptosis along with local and systemic cytokine elaboration is associated with DC plus radiotherapy-mediated renal cell tumor regression. Clin Immunol 2007; 123:298-310. [PMID: 17449328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing melanoma and sarcoma tumor models syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice, we previously reported the antitumor effects of intratumoral (i.t.) administration of dendritic cells (DC) combined with localized radiotherapy (RT). However, the mechanisms underlying the augmented therapeutic effects have yet to be fully defined. Using the BALB/c host, we explored in this study the capacity of RT to augment the therapeutic efficacy of DC in the syngeneic renal cell cancer, Renca. I.t. DC administration combined with RT inhibited tumor growth in a synergistic manner. This extends our previous findings using a different host strain and two histologically distinct tumor models. More importantly, we provide evidence in this report that RT induced significant apoptosis and necrosis in Renca tumor cells, which involved down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and a concurrent up-regulated expression of Bax. We also found significantly elevated expression of TNFalpha in RT plus DC-treated Renca tumors. Furthermore, splenocytes isolated from DC plus RT-treated mice elaborated higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, IFNgamma and IgG, IgM in response to tumor cells compared with splenocytes from monotherapy-treated hosts. These data support the conclusion that radiotherapy enhanced DC vaccination by inducing tumor cell apoptosis in BABL/c host, and the significantly augmented therapeutic efficacy by RT+DC treatment was associated with an increased local production of TNFalpha as well as an amplified systemic antitumor responses conferred by the combined therapy. I.t. DC administration in concert with localized RT may represent a promising novel regimen for human cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Immunology, The PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, and Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0666, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo B, Blair D, Chiles TC, Lowell CA, Rothstein TL. Cutting Edge: B Cell Receptor (BCR) Cross-Talk: The IL-4-Induced Alternate Pathway for BCR Signaling Operates in Parallel with the Classical Pathway, Is Sensitive to Rottlerin, and Depends on Lyn. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:4726-30. [PMID: 17404251 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell exposure to IL-4 alters subsequent BCR signaling such that ERK phosphorylation becomes signalosome-independent; however, the nature of this new, alternate signaling pathway and its relationship to the classical, signalosome-dependent signaling pathway are not known. In this study, we report that the alternate and classical pathways for BCR signaling are differentially affected by rottlerin, and by Go6976 or LY294002, respectively. Furthermore, in B cells lacking protein kinase C (PKC)beta, the classical pathway for BCR signaling is blocked, whereas the alternate pathway is little affected. Conversely, in B cells lacking Lyn, the alternate pathway for BCR signaling is blocked, whereas the classical pathway is little affected. The rottlerin-sensitive element is not PKCdelta, inasmuch as the alternate pathway is not blocked in PKCdelta-deficient B cells. These results indicate that the rottlerin-sensitive, Lyn-dependent alternate pathway, and the classical pathway, for BCR signaling operate in parallel when BCR engagement follows IL-4 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benchang Guo
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|