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Bos J, Groen-van Schooten TS, Brugman CP, Jamaludin FS, van Laarhoven HWM, Derks S. The tumor immune composition of mismatch repair deficient and Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 127:102737. [PMID: 38669788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC), known for its unfavorable prognosis, has been classified in four distinct molecular subtypes. These subtypes not only exhibit differences in their genome and transcriptome but also in the composition of their tumor immune microenvironment. The microsatellite instable (MSI) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive GC subtypes show clear clinical benefits from immune checkpoint blockade, likely due to a neoantigen-driven and virus-driven antitumor immune response and high expression of immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. However, even within these subtypes response to checkpoint inhibition is variable, which is potentially related to heterogeneity in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and expression of co-inhibitory molecules. We conducted a systematic review to outline the current knowledge about the immunological features on the TIME of MSI and EBV + GCs. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. All articles from the year 1990 and onwards addressing immune features of gastric adenocarcinoma were reviewed and included based on predefined in- and exclusion criteria. RESULTS In total 5962 records were screened, of which 139 were included that reported immunological data on molecular GC subtypes. MSI and EBV + GCs were reported to have a more inflamed TIME compared to non-MSI and EBV- GC subtypes. Compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, MSI tumors were characterized by higher numbers of CD8 + and FoxP3 + T cells, and tumor infiltrating pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-deficiency was most common in MSI tumors compared to other molecular GC subtypes and associated with lower T and B cell infiltrates compared to HLA-proficient tumors. EBV + was associated with a high number of CD8 + T cells, Tregs, NK cells and macrophages. Expression of PD-L1, CTLA-4, Granzyme A and B, Perforin and interferon-gamma was enriched in EBV + tumors. Overall, MSI tumors harbored a more heterogeneous TIME in terms of immune cell composition and immune checkpoints compared to the EBV + tumors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION MSI and EBV + GCs are highly Handbook for Conducting a Literature-Based Health Assessment Using OHAT Approach for Systematic Review and Evidence Integration.; 2019pro-inflammatory immune cell populations. Although studies on the direct comparison of EBV + and MSI tumors are limited, EBV + tumors show less intra-subgroup heterogeneity compared to MSI tumors. More studies are needed to identify how Intra-subgroup heterogeneity impacts response to immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bos
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T S Groen-van Schooten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C P Brugman
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F S Jamaludin
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Medical Library AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H W M van Laarhoven
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Derks
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abdelrahman DI, Elhasadi I, Anbaig A, Bakry A, Mandour D, Wasefy T, Yehia AM, Alorini M, Shalaby AM, Yahia AIO, Alabiad MA. Immunohistochemical Expression of Immune Checkpoints; CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3 in Cancer Cells and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Colorectal Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:71-83. [PMID: 38108390 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is considered the third most prevalent cancer in both sexes. Immune checkpoint receptors that regulate T-cell response, stimulation, and development include lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3). In addition, they are crucial for the advancement of cancer and tumor immune escape. OBJECTIVE This work's aim was to assess the immunohistochemistry expression of Tim-3, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the correlation between these markers and clinicopathological variables and survival data. METHODS This study involved 206 CRC specimens processed for CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3 immunohistochemistry and correlated with the clinicopathological and survival parameters of the patients. RESULTS High CTLA-4 epithelial expression was highly related to the old age group, large tumor size, low tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), high grade, advanced stage, the presence of distant metastasis (DM), perineural invasion (PNI), necrosis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), relapse, mortality, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), while negative CTLA-4 TILs expression was highly linked with the presence of gross perforation, low TSR, high tumor budding (TB) score, high grade, advanced stage, the existence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, DM, necrosis, LVI, PNI, DFS, mortality, and OS. Positive LAG-3 TILs expression was highly correlated with large tumor size, gross perforation, low TSR, high TB score, high grade, advanced phase, the presence of LN, necrosis, LVI, PNI, relapse DFS, mortality, and OS. High Tim-3 epithelial expression was extremely linked with low TSR, advanced phase, the presence of LN, LVI, PNI, relapse, DFS, mortality, and OS, while positive Tim-3 TILs expression was related to gross perforation, low TSR, high TB score, advanced stage, the presence of LN, DM, necrosis, relapse, DFS, mortality, and OS. CONCLUSIONS The patients' poor prognosis may be related to the immunohistochemistry expression of LAG-3, Tim-3, and CTLA-4 in CRC cancer tissue and TILs. Poor patient consequences can result from the CTLA-4, Tim-3, and LAG-3 co-expression, but CTLA-4 TILs' expression of these proteins may inhibit the growth of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibtesam Elhasadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Amal Anbaig
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | | | - Tamer Wasefy
- General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig
| | - Ahmed M Yehia
- General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah
| | - Amany M Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amar Ibrahim Omer Yahia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan
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3
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Yan P, Kong S, Zheng Y, Cheng M, Zhao W. Correlation of CTLA-4 polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese Bai population. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:256-263. [PMID: 37495903 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is involved in the regulation of immune responses mediated by T cells. This study aimed to explore the correlation between CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in the Bai minority population of southwestern China. A total of 422 GC patients and 397 healthy controls (HC) were included in this case-control study. Four single nucleotide polymorphism sites of CTLA-4 gene (rs231775, rs733618, rs16840252 and rs3087243) were selected and analysed. The results showed a significant difference in the rs733618 loci between GC and HC groups. The frequency of the rs733618 polymorphism 'TC' genotype was significantly lower in GC group compared to the HC group [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): .47 (.35-.63), p < .001]. GC cases with dominant genetic model 'TC + CC' had a 47% reduced risk of GC [OR, 95%CI: .53 (.40-.71), p < .001]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the rs733618 'TC + CC' genotype was associated with a lower risk of GC in male patients [OR, 95%CI: .42 (.31-.58), p < .001], those aged ≤60 years old [OR, 95%CI: .27 (.18-.42), p < .001], non-drinkers [OR, 95%CI: .21 (.13-.33), p < .001], non-smokers [OR, 95%CI: .38 (.25-.57), p < .001] and individuals without Helicobacter pylori infection [OR, 95%CI: .16 (.10-.26), p < .001]. Further multivariated analyses indicated that individuals with the 'TC + CC' rs733618 genotype who were aged ≤60 years old [OR, 95%CI: .42 (.29-.83), p = .032] and had no H. pylori infection [OR, 95%CI: .35 (.28-.76), p = .018] were found to have a protective effect against GC. Additionally, soluble CTLA-4 were significantly lower in GC patients with 'TC' and 'TC + CC' genotypes (all p < .05). Our findings suggest that the rs733618 polymorphism of CTLA-4 gene may play a critical role in the prevention of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Shan Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Mingjing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Infectious Disease Hospital of Yunnan Province, Dali, China
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El Dein Mohameda AS, El-Rebey HS, AboElnasr LSA, Abdou AG. The role and relationship between programmed death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 immunohistochemical expression in colorectal carcinoma patients: an impact on outcome. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 15:1323. [PMID: 35047074 PMCID: PMC8723745 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are immune checkpoints that induce tumour immune escape. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in CRC and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and survival data. Result This study included 103 CRC, 22 adenoma and 21 non-neoplastic specimens. High PD-L1 epithelial expression was in favour of CRC and high-grade dysplastic adenoma compared to normal specimens. High PD-L1 epithelial expression was associated with larger sized tumours, perforation, advanced T stage, infiltrative tumour border configuration (TBC), high tumour budding (TB) score, low tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) and absence of peritumoural lymphocytes. High PD-L1+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) showed an association with absence of perforation, early T stage, pushing TBC, lower TB score, high TSR and presence of peritumoural lymphocytes. High epithelial CTLA-4 expression was in favour of adenocarcinoma, high-grade dysplastic adenoma and low-grade dysplastic adenoma compared to normal specimens. High CTLA-4 epithelial score showed an association with positive lymph nodes (LNs), presence of an infiltrative TBC and absence of peritumoural lymphocytes. Low CTLA-4+ TILs showed a significant association with advanced tumour stage and increased number of positive LNs. Prolonged survival was associated with low epithelial PD-L1 and CTLA-4, high PD-L1+ TILs and high CTLA-4+ TILs. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, PD-L1+ TILs immunoreactivity score (p = 0.020) and CTLA-4+ TILs H. score (p = 0.036) were independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival among the other prognostic factors. Conclusion PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression by tumour cells could cooperate with each other in enhancing progression of CRC leading to poor patient outcome, while their expression by TILs could stand against tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Said El-Rebey
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, 32511, Egypt.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-6332
| | - Lamia Sabry Abdelsamed AboElnasr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, 32511, Egypt.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-6332
| | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, 32511, Egypt.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-6332
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Wang H, Zhou L, Yang Y, Luo B. Screening and identification of key genes in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153439. [PMID: 34020134 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely related to gastric carcinoma (GC). In this study, we identified a set of DEGs (different expression genes) between EBVaGC (EBV-associated gastric carcinoma) and EBVnGC (EBV-negative gastric carcinoma) through multiple bioinformatics analysis using the data from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) dataset GSE51575, and identified ten hub genes (CXCL10, C3, CXCL9, CXCL11, SST, ICAM1, CHRM2, NPY, GBP5 and GBP1). Therefore, we performed relevant survival analysis and immune infiltration analysis, then verified the mRNA expression in GC cell lines and TCGA database. CXCL11 was finally selected to be a potential biomarker for a better prognosis and tumor infiltrating. This may provide a new view about immune therapy for EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong, 266021, China; 5 Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Cui K, Yao S, Zhang H, Zhou M, Liu B, Cao Y, Fei B, Huang S, Huang Z. Identification of an immune overdrive high-risk subpopulation with aberrant expression of FOXP3 and CTLA4 in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2130-2145. [PMID: 33627780 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulates cancer progression and therapeutic response. Overexpression of FOXP3 and CTLA4 is associated with immunosuppressive TME and poor prognosis in many cancer types. However, opposite results were reported in CRC. Thus, we performed comprehensive analyses to evaluate the exact prognostic value of FOXP3 and CTLA4 in CRC. Here, the expression levels of FOXP3 and CTLA4 were used to construct a subtyping system based on >1200 CRC patients from multiple independent public datasets. We revealed that, in CRC patients with relatively high expression of FOXP3, there exist two different subpopulations with opposite survival patterns according to CLTA4 expression. We further established a method for evaluating all cohorts and identified a novel FOXP3HighCTLA4High* CRC risk subpopulation that accounts for 5-10% of CRC patients. Moreover, different methods of functional enrichment and immune evaluation were used to analyze the TME characteristics of different FOXP3/CTLA4 subtypes. The FOXP3HighCTLA4High* CRC risk subpopulation was characterized by an immune overdrive TME phenotype, including high immune cell infiltration, low tumor purity, high immune checkpoint levels, and TGF-β activation. Finally, the constructed FOXP3/CTLA4 subtyping system was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR, immunochemistry staining, and multicolor immunofluorescence in an independent CRC cohort we collected. This high-risk subpopulation was also observed in kidney cancers and low-grade glioma patients by a Pan-cancer analysis. Together, our study revealed that the established FOXP3/CTLA4 molecular subtyping system could be used to select treatment and management strategies for CRC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Cui
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surui Yao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. .,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Association between Inflammation and Function of Cell Adhesion Molecules Influence on Gastrointestinal Cancer Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010067. [PMID: 33406733 PMCID: PMC7824562 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is highly associated with inflammatory processes inducing the release of cytokines from cancer or immune cells, including interferons, interleukins, chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, and growth factors, which promote or suppress tumor progression. Inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment promote immune cell infiltration. Infiltrating immune, and tumor-surrounding stromal cells support tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression through communication with inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Notably, infiltrating immune and tumor cells present immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD80/CD86. Suppression of cytotoxic T cells promotes tumor avoidance of immune surveillance and greater malignancy. Moreover, glycosylation and sialylation of proteins hyperexpressed on the cancer cell surface have been shown to enhance immune escape and metastasis. Cytokine treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors are widely used in clinical practice. However, the tumor microenvironment is a rapidly changing milieu involving several factors. In this review, we have provided a summary of the interactions of inflammation and cell adhesion molecules between cancer and other cell types, to improve understanding of the tumor microenvironment.
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Augustino SMA, Xu Q, Liu X, Liu L, Zhang Q, Yu Y. Transcriptomic Study of Porcine Small Intestine Epithelial Cells Reveals Important Genes and Pathways Associated With Susceptibility to Escherichia coli F4ac Diarrhea. Front Genet 2020; 11:68. [PMID: 32174961 PMCID: PMC7056726 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea represents one of the most frequent major problems during piglets' neonatal and post-weaning periods leading to tremendous economic losses in the swine industry. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 is regarded as the most important cause of diarrhea in piglets. However, some pigs are naturally resistant to those diarrheas caused by ETEC-F4, because they have no F4 receptors (F4R) on their small intestine epithelial cells that allow F4 fimbriae attachment. Thus, our study characterized a complete transcriptome of small intestine epithelial cells of Large White piglets using RNA-Seq. The aim of the study was to identify DEGs with regard to differences in the F4R phenotypes and SNP (C/T) genotypes at ITGB5 and important pathways associated with ETEC-F4ac susceptibility in small intestine epithelial cells of Large White piglets and derive molecular markers as a result of loss of F4acR in swine. METHODS A total of eight samples of small intestine epithelial cells obtained from Large White piglets (35 days old) used in this study were selected on the basis of two criteria. One was the adhesion phenotype to ETEC-F4ac fimbriae, and the other was the comparison of ITGB5 SNP (C > T) genotype sequences across all the samples. The samples were then divided into two groups, non-adhesive with CC genotype (n = 4), and adhesive with TT genotype (n = 4). RESULTS More down-regulated DEGs (p < 0.05, |log2FC| > 2) were detected in the comparison of non-adhesive vs. adhesive small intestine epithelial cells in the present study. Six genes, of which two (CNGA4, SLC25A31) exclusively expressed and four (HCN4, MYLK, KCNMA1, and KCNMB1) DEGs with up-regulation pattern in adhesive (F4R positive) pigs were involved in two pathways associated with diarrhea. The DEGs with up-regulation pattern in non-adhesive (F4R negative) pigs were mostly engaged in multiple immune response-related pathways. CONCLUSION The results provide insights on the biology of the phenotypes of F4R positive and negative pigs. One gene (MYLK) located on SSC13 locus for F4acR strongly support that it might have played a role in the adhesion phenotype which was obviously detected by adhesion assay in adhesive (F4R positive) group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafino M. A. Augustino
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Animal Genomic, Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Xiang Z, Li J, Song S, Wang J, Cai W, Hu W, Ji J, Zhu Z, Zang L, Yan R, Yu Y. A positive feedback between IDO1 metabolite and COL12A1 via MAPK pathway to promote gastric cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:314. [PMID: 31315643 PMCID: PMC6637527 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background IDO1 (Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) inhibits host anti-tumor immune response by exhausting tryptophan in tumor microenvironment, but the pathogenic mechanisms of IDO1 in gastric cancer (GC) cells need to be further explored. Methods The aim of this study was to use CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) transcriptomic data of GC cell lines for WGCNA (Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) analysis, and explore the potential functions and mechanisms of IDO1 in GC progression in vitro and in vivo. Results The higher expression level of IDO1 was identified in 4 out of 7 GC cell lines. Increased IDO1 expression strongly promoted cell migration via its metabolite kynurenine and was associated with pathways of immune activation according to GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis). The functions of IDO1 were closely associated with extracellular matrix, collagen metabolic and catabolic process by WGCNA analysis. Among five hub genes (AXL, SGCE, COL12A1, ANTXR1, LOXL2), COL12A1 and LOXL2 were upregulated in GC tissues. IDO1 disclosed positive correlation with six collagen genes by coefficient matrix diagram. Knockdown of IDO1 decreased the expression of LOXL2, COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL12A1 in GC cells in both mRNA and protein levels. Of them, knockdown of COL12A1 inhibited cell migration more apparently than knockdown of others. IDO1 and COL12A1 revealed synergistic efficacy on promoting cell migration via a positive feedback sustained by MAPK pathway. This bioprocess was mediated by IDO1 metabolite kynurenine and integrin β1. A popliteal lymph nodemetastasis model was established for verifying metastatic promotion of IDO1 and COL12A1 in GC. Conclusions IDO1 and COL12A1 synergistically promoted GC metastasis. The novel findings suggested that both IDO1 and COL12A1 may be promising targets on anti-cancer treatment in GC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1318-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzheng Song
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiexuan Wang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranlin Yan
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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