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Eitmann S, Matrai P, Hegyi P, Balasko M, Eross B, Dorogi K, Petervari E. Obesity paradox in older sarcopenic adults - a delay in aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102164. [PMID: 38103840 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of obesity in sarcopenic adults is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of additional obesity on health outcomes in sarcopenia. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and CENTRAL were systematically searched for studies to compare health outcomes of adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO) to those of sarcopenic non-obese (SNO) adults. We also considered the methods of assessing obesity. Of 15060 records screened, 65 papers were included (100612 participants). Older community-dwelling SO adults had 15% lower mortality risk than the SNO group (hazard ratio, HR: 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76, 0.94) even when obesity was assessed by measurement of body composition. Additionally, meta-regression analysis revealed a significant negative linear correlation between the age and the HR of all-cause mortality in SO vs. SNO community-dwelling adults, but not in severely ill patients. Compared with SNO, SO patients presented lower physical performance, higher risk for metabolic syndrome, but similar cognitive function, risk of falls and cardiovascular diseases. Age-related obesity, SO and later fat loss leading to SNO represent consecutive phases of biological aging. Additional obesity could worsen the health state in sarcopenia, but above 65 years SO represents a biologically earlier phase with longer life expectancy than SNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szimonetta Eitmann
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Matrai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 Ulloi street, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 23-26 Baross street, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Balasko
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balint Eross
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 Ulloi street, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 23-26 Baross street, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kira Dorogi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Erika Petervari
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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Irisin and Bone in Sickness and in Health: A Narrative Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226863. [PMID: 36431340 PMCID: PMC9699623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone-like myokine produced by the skeletal muscle in response to exercise. Upon its release into the circulation, it is involved in the browning process and thermogenesis, but recent evidence indicates that this myokine could also regulate the functions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Most human studies have reported that serum irisin levels decrease with age and in conditions involving bone diseases, including both primary and secondary osteoporosis. However, it should be emphasized that recent findings have called into question the importance of circulating irisin, as well as the validity and reproducibility of current methods of irisin measurement. In this review, we summarize data pertaining to the role of irisin in the bone homeostasis of healthy children and adults, as well as in the context of primary and secondary osteoporosis. Additional research is required to address methodological issues, and functional studies are required to clarify whether muscle and bone damage per se affect circulating levels of irisin or whether the modulation of this myokine is caused by the inherent mechanisms of underlying diseases, such as genetic or inflammatory causes. These investigations would shed further light on the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis and bone disease.
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Gandham A, Mesinovic J, Jansons P, Zengin A, Bonham MP, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Falls, fractures, and areal bone mineral density in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13187. [PMID: 33491333 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obesity are common conditions in older adults that may have differing effects on falls and fracture risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether older adults with sarcopenic obesity have increased risk of falls and fractures or lower bone mass compared with older adults with sarcopenia, obesity, or neither condition. Twenty-six studies (n = 37,124) were included in the systematic review and 17 (n = 31,540) were included in the meta-analysis. Older adults with sarcopenic obesity had lower femoral neck areal bone mineral density (aBMD) compared with those with obesity alone but had higher femoral neck aBMD compared with counterparts with sarcopenia alone (both P < 0.05). Older adults with sarcopenic obesity had higher nonvertebral fracture rates (incidence rate ratio: 1.88; 95% confidence intervals: 1.09, 3.23; based on two studies), compared with those with sarcopenia alone, and also had higher falls risk compared with controls (risk ratio: 1.30; 95% confidence intervals: 1.10, 1.54) and obesity alone (risk ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence intervals: 1.01, 1.36). In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis has demonstrated that older adults with sarcopenic obesity are at increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes compared with individuals with obesity, sarcopenia, or neither condition. These data support the need for developing interventions to improve bone health and physical function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoohya Gandham
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Jansons
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ayse Zengin
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School - Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Zhong W, Shi X, Yuan H, Bu H, Wu L, Wang R. Effects of Exercise Training on the Autophagy-Related Muscular Proteins Expression in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31263428 PMCID: PMC6585433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy disrupts estrogen production and homeostasis. However, whether exercise training (ET) could counteract the ovariectomy-induced effect on muscular autophagy has remained elusive. This study examined muscular autophagy in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following 8 weeks of swimming ET. Here, 40 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated control (Sham), OVX control (OVX), OVX with 60-min ET (OVX-60ET), 90-min ET (OVX-90ET), and 120-min ET (OVX-120ET) for 6 days/week. According to the results of Western blotting, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins in the OVX gastrocnemius muscle, including mammalian target of rapamycin, uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1, Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene (Atg-7), and microtubule-associated protein light chains 3 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05), while there was an elevation on the p62 level. ET appreciably mitigated the OVX-induced negative effects on muscle quality and the autophagy pathway, which seemed to be dependent on ET volume. The most optimal outcomes were observed in the OVX-90ET group. The OVX-120 group had an adversely augmented catabolic process associated with gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the expression levels of autophagy proteins are decreased in OVX rats, which can be appreciably mitigated following 8 weeks of swimming ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zhong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Honghua Yuan
- Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Bu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renwei Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Malekpour M, Bridgham K, Jaap K, Erwin R, Widom K, Rapp M, Leonard D, Baro S, Dove J, Hunsinger M, Blansfield J, Shabahang M, Torres D, Wild J. The Effect of Sarcopenia on Outcomes in Geriatric Blunt Trauma. Am Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481708301120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Elderly patients are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality after trauma, which is reflected through higher frailty indices. Data collection using existing frailty indices is often not possible because of brain injury, dementia, or inability to communicate with the patient. Sarcopenia is a reliable objective measure for frailty that can be readily assessed in CT imaging. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on the outcomes of geriatric blunt trauma patients. Left psoas area (LPA) was measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on the axial CT images. LPA was normalized for height (LPA mm2/m2) and after stratification by gender, sarcopenia was defined as LPA measurements in the lowest quartile. A total of 1175 patients consisting of 597 males and 578 females were studied. LPAs below 242.6 mm2/m2 in males and below 187.8 mm2/m2 in females were considered to be sarcopenic. We found sarcopenia in 149 males and 145 females. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.56) and a higher risk of discharge to less favorable destinations (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.97). Lastly, sarcopenic patients had an increased risk of prolonged hospitalization (hazard ratio: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Malekpour
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Bridgham
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn Jaap
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Erwin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth Widom
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan Rapp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane Leonard
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Baro
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - James Dove
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie Hunsinger
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Blansfield
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohsen Shabahang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Denise Torres
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Wild
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
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Phenotype of sarcopenic obesity in older individuals with a history of falling. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 65:255-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Scott D, Chandrasekara SD, Laslett LL, Cicuttini F, Ebeling PR, Jones G. Associations of Sarcopenic Obesity and Dynapenic Obesity with Bone Mineral Density and Incident Fractures Over 5-10 Years in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:30-42. [PMID: 26939775 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether low muscle mass (sarcopenia) or strength (dynapenia), in the presence of obesity, are associated with increased risk for osteoporosis and non-vertebral fracture over 5-10 years in community-dwelling older adults. N = 1089 volunteers (mean ± SD age 62 ± 7 years; 51 % female) participated at baseline and 761 attended follow-up clinics (mean 5.1 ± 0.5 years later). Total body, total hip and spine BMD, and appendicular lean and total fat mass were assessed by DXA. Sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity were defined as the lowest sex-specific tertiles for appendicular lean mass or lower-limb strength, respectively, and the highest sex-specific tertile for total fat mass. Fractures were self-reported on three occasions over 10.7 ± 0.7 years in 563 participants. Obese alone participants had significantly higher BMD at all sites compared with non-sarcopenic non-obese. Sarcopenic obese and dynapenic obese men had lower spine and total body BMD, respectively, and sarcopenic obese women had lower total hip BMD, compared with obese alone (all P < 0.05). Sarcopenic obese men had higher non-vertebral fracture rates compared to non-sarcopenic non-obese (incidence rate ratio: 3.0; 95 % CI 1.7-5.5), and obese alone (3.6; 1.7-7.4). Sarcopenic obese women had higher fracture rates compared with obese alone (2.8; 1.4-5.6), but this was non-significant after adjustment for total hip BMD. Sarcopenic and dynapenic obese older adults may have increased risk of osteoporosis and non-vertebral fracture relative to obese alone counterparts. Sarcopenic and dynapenic obese individuals potentially represent a subset of the obese older adult population who require closer monitoring of bone health during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 5, Block E, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus) and Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sahan D Chandrasekara
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 5, Block E, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Laura L Laslett
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 5, Block E, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus) and Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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9
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Diniz TA, Neves LM, Rossi FE, Fortaleza ACDS, Rosa CS, Tebar WR, Christofaro DGD, Freitas-Junior IF. Weekly time spent in the standing position is independently related to a better quality of life in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 199:150-5. [PMID: 26930043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the relationship between standing, sitting and reclining behaviors and quality of life in postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study composed of forty postmenopausal women (aged 59.58±5.32) who do not practice regular physical exercise. Body composition was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quality of life by the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Physical activity level was assessed using an accelerometer (Actigraph GTX3x) and is reported as minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Inclinometer analysis was also measured using this accelerometer model and reported as a weekly percentage of time spent standing, sitting and reclining. All analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 software with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS The percentage of time in the standing position was lower among women with poor quality of life (p<0.05). Adjusted analysis (age, years since menopause, percentage of fat mass, MVPA and occupation status) was used to evaluate the relationship between quality of life and accelerometer inclinometer measures. The relationship between time standing and general health status (β=0.353; 95%CI=0.017; 0.377), social function (β=0.429; 95%CI=0.060; 0.396) and overall score (β=0.336; 95%CI=0.015; 0.442) were statistically significant. The relationship between the reclining position and both overall score (β=-0.320; 95%CI=-0.492; 0.006) and emotional aspects (β=-0.337; 95%CI=-0.191; 0.001) showed a tendency to present statistical significance. CONCLUSION In summary, our results suggest that postmenopausal women who spend more time in the standing position have a better overall quality of life regardless of confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiego A Diniz
- Center of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities (CELAPAM), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas M Neves
- Center of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities (CELAPAM), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabricio E Rossi
- Center of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities (CELAPAM), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia de S Fortaleza
- Center of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities (CELAPAM), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Clara Suemi Rosa
- Center of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities (CELAPAM), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ismael F Freitas-Junior
- Center of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities (CELAPAM), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Scott D, Daly RM, Sanders KM, Ebeling PR. Fall and Fracture Risk in Sarcopenia and Dynapenia With and Without Obesity: the Role of Lifestyle Interventions. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:235-44. [PMID: 26040576 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their differing etiologies and consequences, it has been proposed that the term "sarcopenia" should revert to its original definition of age-related muscle mass declines, with a separate term, "dynapenia", describing muscle strength and function declines. There is increasing interest in the interactions of sarcopenia and dynapenia with obesity. Despite an apparent protective effect of obesity on fracture, increased adiposity may compromise bone health, and the presence of sarcopenia and/or dynapenia ("sarcopenic obesity" and "dynapenic obesity") may exacerbate the risk of falls and fracture in obese older adults. Weight loss interventions are likely to be beneficial for older adults with sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity but may result in further reductions in muscle and bone health. The addition of exercise including progressive resistance training and nutritional strategies, including protein and vitamin D supplementation, may optimise body composition and muscle function outcomes thereby reducing falls and fracture risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia, 3168,
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11
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The role of sarcopenia in the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:1673-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Palermo A, Strollo R, Maddaloni E, Tuccinardi D, D'Onofrio L, Briganti SI, Defeudis G, De Pascalis M, Lazzaro MC, Colleluori G, Manfrini S, Pozzilli P, Napoli N. Irisin is associated with osteoporotic fractures independently of bone mineral density, body composition or daily physical activity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:615-9. [PMID: 25400208 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is an evidence of correlation between irisin and osteoporotic fractures, previous studies have not elucidated the relationship between irisin and either lean or fat mass. The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between irisin and body composition in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and the impact of irisin levels on fragility vertebral fractures. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 36 overweight subjects affected by at least one vertebral osteoporotic fracture confirmed by an X-ray vertebral morphometry and 36 overweight nonosteoporotic subjects were enrolled. Serum irisin levels were measured using an irisin competitive ELISA. We evaluated lumbar spine and hip BMD and body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. To measure and monitor daily physical activity, each subject wore an armband for approximately 72 h. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between irisin and BMD at any site and between irisin with either lean or fat mass. Serum levels of irisin were not correlated with the daily physical activity. Serum irisin levels were lower in subjects with previous osteoporotic fractures than in controls (P = 0·032), and the difference in irisin levels remained significant after adjustment for creatinine (P = 0·037), vitamin D (P = 0·046), lean mass (P = 0·02), lumbar BMD (P = 0·023) and femoral BMD (P = 0·032). CONCLUSION Our data confirm an inverse correlation between irisin levels and vertebral fragility fractures, but no significant correlation was found with BMD or lean mass. Irisin may play a protective role on bone health independent of BMD but further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between irisin and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palermo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Rossi FE, Buonani C, Viezel J, Silva EPD, Diniz TA, Santos VRD, Fernandes RA, Freitas Junior IF. Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training in body composition of obese postmenopausal women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742015000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 16-week program of combined aerobic and resistance training on the body composition of postmenopausal women who are obese. The participants were divided into two groups: training group (TG, n = 37) and non-trained control group (CG, n = 18). The trunk fat, fat mass, percentage of fat mass and fat-free mass were estimated using DXA. Three nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted. The training protocol consisted of 50 minutes of resistance training followed by 30 minutes of aerobic training. After the 16-week training program, differences were observed in trunk fat (CG= 0.064 x TG= -0.571 Kg; p-value = .020), fat mass (CG= -0.088 x TG= -1.037 Kg; p-value = .020) and fat-free mass (CG= -0.388 x TG= 1.049 Kg; p = .001). Therefore, a 16-week program of systematic combined aerobic and resistance training in obese postmenopausal women was effective in improving fat-free mass and decreasing both whole and abdominal adiposity.
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Rossi F, Kalva-Filho C, Gavassa de Araújo R, Gerosa Neto J, Campos E, Pastre C, Papoti M, Freitas Junior I. Critical velocity determined by a non-exhaustive method in menopausal women. Sci Sports 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2014.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Chung W, Lee J, Ryu OH. Is the negative relationship between obesity and bone mineral content greater for older women? J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:505-13. [PMID: 24114196 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are two important body composition problems with increasing prevalences in aged populations. Traditionally, obesity has been regarded as being beneficial to bone health. However, the protective effect of obesity on osteoporosis has been questioned. In some recent studies, obesity, as defined by percentage body fat, was regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the effect of waist circumference, a surrogate measure for abdominal obesity, on bone mineral content (BMC) and (2) examine whether the effect of waist circumference increases with advancing age. The study population is made up of women aged over 45 years who completed the body composition and bone mineral density examinations in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010. Subjects who take estrogen or are under medical treatment for osteoporosis were excluded. Stroke patients are also excluded. Femoral neck, total-hip, and whole-body BMC were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A total of 1,434 subjects were included in the analysis. Waist circumference was negatively associated with BMC in all tested regions after correction for weight, menopausal status, smoking, drinking, and exercise. In addition, the negative association between waist circumference and BMC in the femoral neck and total hip increases with age, after correction for confounding factors, showing an interaction effect between waist circumference and age on BMC. In conclusion, this study shows that the negative relationship between waist circumference and BMC in the femoral neck and total hip is greater for older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankyo Chung
- College of Business, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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Hsu WL, Chen CY, Tsauo JY, Yang RS. Balance control in elderly people with osteoporosis. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:334-9. [PMID: 24650494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent health concern among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of falls that incur fracture, injury, or mortality. Identifying the risk factors of falls within this population is essential for the development of effective regimes for fall prevention. Studies have shown that muscle quality and good posture alignments are critical for balance control in elderly individuals. People with osteoporosis often have muscle weakness and increased spine kyphosis leading to vertebral fractures and poor balance control, or even falls. Therefore, improving muscle quality, strengthening weak muscles, and correcting postural alignment are essential elements for the prevention of falls and fractures in older adults with osteoporosis. This review reports the necessary information regarding the critical factors of balance control in older adults with osteoporosis, as well as testing the clinical innovations of exercise training to improve the long-term prognosis of osteoporosis in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Hsu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yih Tsauo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Baer JT. Improving Protein and Vitamin D Status of Obese Patients Participating in Physical Rehabilitation. Rehabil Nurs 2013; 38:115-9. [DOI: 10.1002/rnj.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ma H, Turpeinen T, Silvennoinen M, Torvinen S, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Kainulainen H, Timonen J, Kujala UM, Rahkila P, Suominen H. Effects of diet-induced obesity and voluntary wheel running on the microstructure of the murine distal femur. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:1. [PMID: 21241467 PMCID: PMC3034661 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and osteoporosis, two possibly related conditions, are rapidly expanding health concerns in modern society. Both of them are associated with sedentary life style and nutrition. To investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity and voluntary physical activity we used high resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT) together with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to examine the microstructure of the distal femoral metaphysis in mice. Methods Forty 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups: control (C), control + running (CR), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet + running (HFR). After a 21-week intervention, all the mice were sacrificed and the left femur dissected for pQCT and μCT measurements. Results The mice fed the high-fat diet showed a significant weight gain (over 70% for HF and 60% for HFR), with increased epididymal fat pad mass and impaired insulin sensitivity. These obese mice had significantly higher trabecular connectivity density, volume, number, thickness, area and mass, and smaller trabecular separation. At the whole bone level, they had larger bone circumference and cross-sectional area and higher density-weighted maximal, minimal, and polar moments of inertia. Voluntary wheel running decreased all the cortical bone parameters, but increased the trabecular mineral density, and decreased the pattern factor and structure model index towards a more plate-like structure. Conclusions The results suggest that in mice the femur adapts to obesity by improving bone strength both at the whole bone and micro-structural level. Adaptation to running exercise manifests itself in increased trabecular density and improved 3D structure, but in a limited overall bone growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Ma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Monteiro MA, Gabriel RC, Sousa MF, Castro MNE, Moreira MH. Temporal parameters of the foot roll-over during walking: Influence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity on postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2010; 67:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Ma H, Torvinen S, Silvennoinen M, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Kainulainen H, Morko J, Peng Z, Kujala UM, Rahkila P, Suominen H. Effects of diet-induced obesity and voluntary wheel running on bone properties in young male C57BL/6J mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 86:411-9. [PMID: 20229059 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both physical activity and body mass affect bone properties. In this study we examined how diet-induced obesity combined with voluntary physical activity affects bone properties. Forty 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups evenly: control diet (C), control diet + running (CR), high-fat diet (HF, 60% energy from fat), and high-fat diet + running (HFR). After 21-week intervention, all mice were killed and the left femur was dissected for pQCT and mechanical measurements. Body mass increased 80% in HF and 62% in HFR, with increased epididymal fat pad weight and impaired insulin sensitivity. Except for total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), bone traits correlated positively with body mass, fat pad, leptin, and osteoprotegerin. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet resulted in increased femoral bone cross-sectional area, mineral content (BMC), polar moment of inertia, and mechanical parameters. Of the mice accessing the running wheel, those fed the control diet had thinner cortex and less total metaphyseal BMC and BMD, with enlarged metaphyseal marrow cavity, whereas mice fed the high-fat diet had significantly higher trabecular BMD and smaller marrow cavity. However, the runners had a weaker femoral neck as indicated by decreased maximum flexure load. These results suggest that voluntary running exercise affects bone properties in a site-specific manner and that there is a complex interaction between physical activity and obesity. Thus, both diet and exercise should be considered when optimizing the effects on body composition and bone, even though the underlying mechanisms remain partly unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Ma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (LL), 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:401-5. [PMID: 19687666 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32833118e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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