1
|
Smutná T, Dumková J, Kristeková D, Laštovičková M, Jedličková A, Vrlíková L, Dočekal B, Alexa L, Kotasová H, Pelková V, Večeřa Z, Křůmal K, Petráš J, Coufalík P, Všianský D, Záchej S, Pinkas D, Vondráček J, Hampl A, Mikuška P, Buchtová M. Macrophage-mediated tissue response evoked by subchronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles is associated with the alteration of phospholipases C and cholesterol transporters. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:52. [PMID: 35922858 PMCID: PMC9351260 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs), which are emitted to the environment by high-temperature technological processes, heavily impairs target organs. These nanoparticles pass through the lung barrier and are distributed via the blood into secondary target organs, where they cause numerous pathological alterations. Here, we studied in detail, macrophages as specialized cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune response in selected target organs to unravel their potential involvement in reaction to subchronic PbO NP inhalation. In this context, we also tackled possible alterations in lipid uptake in the lungs and liver, which is usually associated with foam macrophage formation. Results The histopathological analysis of PbO NP exposed lung revealed serious chronic inflammation of lung tissues. The number of total and foam macrophages was significantly increased in lung, and they contained numerous cholesterol crystals. PbO NP inhalation induced changes in expression of phospholipases C (PLC) as enzymes linked to macrophage-mediated inflammation in lungs. In the liver, the subchronic inhalation of PbO NPs caused predominantly hyperemia, microsteatosis or remodeling of the liver parenchyma, and the number of liver macrophages also significantly was increased. The gene and protein expression of a cholesterol transporter CD36, which is associated with lipid metabolism, was altered in the liver. The amount of selected cholesteryl esters (CE 16:0, CE 18:1, CE 20:4, CE 22:6) in liver tissue was decreased after subchronic PbO NP inhalation, while total and free cholesterol in liver tissue was slightly increased. Gene and protein expression of phospholipase PLCβ1 and receptor CD36 in human hepatocytes were affected also in in vitro experiments after acute PbO NP exposure. No microscopic or serious functional kidney alterations were detected after subchronic PbO NP exposure and CD68 positive cells were present in the physiological mode in its interstitial tissues. Conclusion Our study revealed the association of increased cholesterol and lipid storage in targeted tissues with the alteration of scavenger receptors and phospholipases C after subchronic inhalation of PbO NPs and yet uncovered processes, which can contribute to steatosis in liver after metal nanoparticles exposure. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00494-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Smutná
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kristeková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Laštovičková
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adriena Jedličková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vrlíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dočekal
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Alexa
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kotasová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pelková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Večeřa
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Křůmal
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Petráš
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufalík
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Všianský
- Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dominik Pinkas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility of the Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dash SR, Kundu CN. Promising opportunities and potential risk of nanoparticle on the society. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:253-260. [PMID: 32463015 PMCID: PMC8676294 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-promising opportunities and the uses of NP in our life are increasing but their present and future potential risks on the animals, plants and microorganisms are not well discussed elsewhere. In this review, the authors have systematically discussed the toxic effect of the uses of NP on animals, plants and microorganisms including human health. They have also discussed about the bioaccumulation of these NP in the food chain. Finally, they have provided some possible suggestions for the uses of NP to reduce the detrimental effect on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be university), Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be university), Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751 024, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bláhová L, Nováková Z, Večeřa Z, Vrlíková L, Dočekal B, Dumková J, Křůmal K, Mikuška P, Buchtová M, Hampl A, Hilscherová K, Bláha L. The effects of nano-sized PbO on biomarkers of membrane disruption and DNA damage in a sub-chronic inhalation study on mice. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:214-231. [PMID: 31726900 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1685696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the production of engineered nanoparticles increases our knowledge of toxicity and mechanisms of bioactivity during relevant exposures is lacking. In the present study mice were exposed to PbO nanoparticles (PbONP; 192.5 µg/m3; 1.93 × 106 particles/cm3) for 2, 5 and 13 weeks through continuous inhalation. The analyses addressed Pb and PbONP distribution in organs (lung, liver, kidney, brain) using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, as well as histopathology and analyses of oxidative stress biomarkers. New LC-MS/MS methods were validated for biomarkers of lipid damage F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-prostaglandins F2-alpha and E2) and hydroxylated deoxoguanosine (8-OHdG, marker of DNA oxidation). Commonly studied malondialdehyde was also measured as TBARS by HPLC-DAD. The study revealed fast blood transport and distribution of Pb from the lung to the kidney and liver. A different Pb accumulation trend was observed in the brain, suggesting transfer of NP along the nasal nerve to the olfactory bulbs. Long-term inhalation of PbONP caused lipid peroxidation in animal brains (increased levels of TBARS and both isoprostanes). Membrane lipid damage was also detected in the kidney after shorter exposures, but not in the liver or lung. On the contrary, longer exposures to PbONP increased levels of 8-OHdG in the lung and temporarily increased lung weight after 2 and 5 weeks of exposure. The histopathological changes observed mainly in the lung and liver indicated inflammation and general toxicity responses. The present long-term inhalation study indicates risks of PbONP to both human health and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bláhová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nováková
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Večeřa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vrlíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dočekal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Křůmal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakayama SMM, Nakata H, Ikenaka Y, Yabe J, Oroszlany B, Yohannes YB, Bortey-Sam N, Muzandu K, Choongo K, Kuritani T, Nakagawa M, Ishizuka M. One year exposure to Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil causes metal accumulation and alteration of global DNA methylation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1267-1276. [PMID: 31252124 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution has been associated with anthropogenic activities, such as effluents and emissions from mines. Soil could be exposure route of wild rats to metals, especially in mining areas. The aim of this study was to verify whether soil exposure under environmentally relevant circumstances results in metal accumulation and epigenetic modifications. Wistar rats were divided to three groups: 1) control without soil exposure, 2) low-metal exposure group exposed to soil containing low metal levels (Pb: 75 mg/kg; Cd: 0.4), and 3) high-metal exposure group exposed to soil (Pb: 3750; Cd: 6). After 1 year of exposure, the metal levels, Pb isotopic values, and molecular indicators were measured. Rats in the high-group showed significantly greater concentrations of Pb and Cd in tissues. Higher accumulation factors (tissue/soil) of Cd than Pb were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, and lung, while the factor of Pb was higher in the tibia. The obtained results of metal accumulation ratios (lung/liver) and stable Pb isotope ratios in the tissues indicated that the respiratory exposure would account for an important share of metal absorption into the body. Genome-wide methylation status and DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt 3a/3b) mRNA expressions in testis were higher in the high-group, suggesting that exposure to soil caused metal accumulation and epigenetic alterations in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and development, North-West University, South Africa
| | - John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Balazs Oroszlany
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kennedy Choongo
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Abel GM, Storm DR, Xia Z. Cadmium Exposure Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:501-514. [PMID: 31271426 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant of considerable interest throughout the world and potentially a neurotoxicant. Our recent data indicate that Cd exposure induces impairment of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms for this defect are not known. The goal of this study was to determine if Cd inhibits adult neurogenesis and to identify underlying signaling pathways responsible for this impairment. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process in which adult neural progenitor/stem cells (aNPCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) generate functional new neurons in the hippocampus which contributes to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, studies concerning the effects of neurotoxicants on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the underlying signaling mechanisms are limited. Here, we report that Cd significantly induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation, and impairs neuronal differentiation in primary cultured aNPCs derived from the SGZ. In addition, the c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are activated by Cd and contribute to its toxicity. Furthermore, we exposed 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to Cd through drinking water for 13 weeks to assess the effects of Cd on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Cd treatment reduced the number of 5-week old adult-born cells in the DG and impaired the differentiation of adult-born hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that Cd exposure impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. This may contribute to Cd-mediated inhibition of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Glen M Abel
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Daniel R Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lebedová J, Nováková Z, Večeřa Z, Buchtová M, Dumková J, Dočekal B, Bláhová L, Mikuška P, Míšek I, Hampl A, Hilscherová K. Impact of acute and subchronic inhalation exposure to PbO nanoparticles on mice. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:290-304. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1438679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lebedová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Nováková
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Večeřa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M. Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J. Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B. Dočekal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L. Bláhová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P. Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I. Míšek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A. Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K. Hilscherová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dumková J, Smutná T, Vrlíková L, Le Coustumer P, Večeřa Z, Dočekal B, Mikuška P, Čapka L, Fictum P, Hampl A, Buchtová M. Sub-chronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles revealed their broad distribution and tissue-specific subcellular localization in target organs. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:55. [PMID: 29268755 PMCID: PMC5740755 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is well known environmental pollutant, which can cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems. However, the influence of lead oxide nanoparticles, frequently emitted to the environment by high temperature technological processes, is still concealed. Therefore, we investigate lead oxide nanoparticle distribution through the body upon their entry into lungs and determine the microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes caused by the nanoparticles in primary and secondary target organs. METHODS Adult female mice (ICR strain) were continuously exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) with an average concentration approximately 106 particles/cm3 for 6 weeks (24 h/day, 7 days/week). At the end of the exposure period, lung, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and blood were collected for chemical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses. RESULTS Lead content was found to be the highest in the kidney and lungs, followed by the liver and spleen; the smallest content of lead was found in brain. Nanoparticles were located in all analysed tissues and their highest number was found in the lung and liver. Kidney, spleen and brain contained lower number of nanoparticles, being about the same in all three organs. Lungs of animals exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles exhibited hyperaemia, small areas of atelectasis, alveolar emphysema, focal acute catarrhal bronchiolitis and also haemostasis with presence of siderophages in some animals. Nanoparticles were located in phagosomes or formed clusters within cytoplasmic vesicles. In the liver, lead oxide nanoparticle exposure caused hepatic remodeling with enlargement and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes with karyomegaly, areas of hepatic necrosis, occasional periportal inflammation, and extensive accumulation of lipid droplets. Nanoparticles were accumulated within mitochondria and peroxisomes forming aggregates enveloped by an electron-dense mitochondrial matrix. Only in some kidney samples, we observed areas of inflammatory infiltrates around renal corpuscles, tubules or vessels in the cortex. Lead oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in the cytoplasm, but not within cell organelles. There were no significant morphological changes in the spleen as a secondary target organ. Thus, pathological changes correlated with the amount of nanoparticles found in cells rather than with the concentration of lead in a given organ. CONCLUSIONS Sub-chronic exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles has profound negative effects at both cellular and tissue levels. Notably, the fate and arrangement of lead oxide nanoparticles were dependent on the type of organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Smutná
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Vrlíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Le Coustumer
- Bordeaux University, UF STE, Allée G. Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
- UMR 5254 IPREM, CNRS/UPPA, Technopole Hélioparc, 2 av P. Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex9, France
- EA 4592 Georessources & Environnement/ Bordeaux Montaigne University-IPNB ENSEGID, Allée F. Daguin, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Z Večeřa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Dočekal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Čapka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Fictum
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang D, Li H, Liu Z, Zhou J, Zhang T. Acute toxicological effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice after intratracheal instillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 23:11-19. [PMID: 28145155 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1278510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly being used in industry. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute toxicology of ZnO NPs in Mice. METHODS ZnO NPs were intratracheally instilled into mice at different dose (200, 400, 800 μg/kg), which was 1, 2, or 4 times of accumulative intake in one week according to the threshold limit value. Acute toxicity was assessed by animal mortality, organ/body weight ratios, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathology as well as by the determination of cells, proteins, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS Exposure to ZnO NPs also resulted in bodyweight loss and a higher level of total cell number, total protein, and hydroxyproline content in BALF. Nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in the lung homogenates were also increased. In addition, inflammatory and hyperplastic changes in the lungs were observed. CONCLUSION Threshold limit value (5 mg/m3) may unfit for ZnO NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Wang
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , PR China.,b Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health , Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , PR China
| | - Haibo Li
- c College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , PR China
| | - Zihong Liu
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , PR China
| | - Jingyang Zhou
- b Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health , Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , PR China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- b Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health , Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lebedová J, Bláhová L, Večeřa Z, Mikuška P, Dočekal B, Buchtová M, Míšek I, Dumková J, Hampl A, Hilscherová K. Impact of acute and chronic inhalation exposure to CdO nanoparticles on mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24047-24060. [PMID: 27638805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium nanoparticles can represent a risk in both industrial and environmental settings, but there is little knowledge on the impacts of their inhalation, especially concerning longer-term exposures. In this study, mice were exposed to cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles in whole body inhalation chambers for 4 to 72 h in acute and 1 to 13 weeks (24 h/day, 7 days/week) in chronic exposure to investigate the dynamics of nanoparticle uptake and effects. In the acute experiment, mice were exposed to 2.95 × 106 particles/cm3 (31.7 μg CdO/m3). The same concentration and a lower one (1.18 × 106 particles/cm3, 12.7 μg CdO/m3) were used for the chronic exposure. Transmission electron microscopy documented distribution of nanoparticles into all studied organs. Major portion of nanoparticles was retained in the lung, but longer exposure led to a greater relative redistribution into secondary organs, namely the kidney, and also the liver and spleen. Accumulation of Cd in the lung and liver occurred already after 24 h and in the brain, kidney, and spleen after 72 h of exposure, and a further increase of Cd levels was observed throughout the chronic exposure. There were significant differences in both Cd accumulation and effects between the two exposure doses. Lung weight in the higher exposure group increased up to 2-fold compared to the control. Histological analyses showed dose-dependent alterations in lung and liver morphology and damage to their tissue. Modulation of oxidative stress parameters including glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation occurred mainly after the greater chronic exposure. The results emphasize risk of longer-term inhalation of cadmium nanoparticles, since adverse effects occurring after shorter exposures gradually progressed with a longer exposure duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lebedová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Building A29, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Bláhová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Building A29, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Večeřa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Dočekal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Míšek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Hilscherová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Building A29, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan NS, Dixit AK, Mehta R. Nanoparticle Toxicity in Water, Soil, Microbes, Plant and Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
11
|
Dumkova J, Vrlikova L, Vecera Z, Putnova B, Docekal B, Mikuska P, Fictum P, Hampl A, Buchtova M. Inhaled Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Their in Vivo Fate and Effect on Target Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060874. [PMID: 27271611 PMCID: PMC4926408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing amount of heavy metals used in manufacturing equivalently increases hazards of environmental pollution by industrial products such as cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles. Here, we aimed to unravel the CdO nanoparticle destiny upon their entry into lungs by inhalations, with the main focus on the ultrastructural changes that the nanoparticles may cause to tissues of the primary and secondary target organs. We indeed found the CdO nanoparticles to be transported from the lungs into secondary target organs by blood. In lungs, inhaled CdO nanoparticles caused significant alterations in parenchyma tissue including hyperemia, enlarged pulmonary septa, congested capillaries, alveolar emphysema and small areas of atelectasis. Nanoparticles were observed in the cytoplasm of cells lining bronchioles, in the alveolar spaces as well as inside the membranous pneumocytes and in phagosomes of lung macrophages. Nanoparticles even penetrated through the membrane into some organelles including mitochondria and they also accumulated in the cytoplasmic vesicles. In livers, inhalation caused periportal inflammation and local hepatic necrosis. Only minor changes such as diffusely thickened filtration membrane with intramembranous electron dense deposits were observed in kidney. Taken together, inhaled CdO nanoparticles not only accumulated in lungs but they were also transported to other organs causing serious damage at tissue as well as cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dumkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Vrlikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Vecera
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Putnova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Bohumil Docekal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Mikuska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Fictum
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peixe TS, Souza Nascimento ED, Schofield KL, Arcuri ASA, Bulcão RP. Nanotoxicology and Exposure in the Occupational Setting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/odem.2015.33005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Blum JL, Rosenblum LK, Grunig G, Beasley MB, Xiong JQ, Zelikoff JT. Short-term inhalation of cadmium oxide nanoparticles alters pulmonary dynamics associated with lung injury, inflammation, and repair in a mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:48-58. [PMID: 24417406 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.851746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) are employed in optoelectronic devices and as a starting material for generating quantum dots as well as for medical imaging and targeting of pharmaceutical agents to disease sites. However, there are lack of data concerning short- and long-term effects of CdO NPs on the lungs. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of inhaled CdO NPs at an occupationally relevant concentration on pulmonary injury and repair, and on systemic immunity in adult male mice. METHODS Mice were exposed to 240 μg CdO NPs/m(3) for seven days (3 h/d) and lavage levels of pulmonary injury/inflammatory markers, bacterial uptake by circulating phagocytes, and lung histology examined either one or seven days following the final exposure. RESULTS Levels of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase activity, cytokine markers of inflammation (i.e. interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ), tissue remodeling matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 activity, and phagocytic activity of circulating phagocytes were significantly increased one day after the final exposure. By seven days post-exposure, MMP-2 activity decreased to control levels, while MMP-9 activity remained significantly above control values, although dropping by about half from day one. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that short-term inhalation exposure to CdO NPs can stimulate pathways in the lungs associated with inflammation, cell injury, and tissue remodeling as well as alter immune function. Findings here demonstrate that even short-term inhalation exposure to CdO NPs in the workplace could lead to deleterious pulmonary effects in exposed workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo, NY , USA and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hirose A, Hirano S. [Health effects of nanoparticles and nanomaterials (III). Toxicity and health effects of nanoparticles]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2013; 63:739-45. [PMID: 18840949 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.63.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As described before in the first Frontier Report of this series, there are two types of nanoparticles to be considered in hygiene science; One is the environmental nanoparticle emitted from automobiles and the other is the manufactured nanoparticle. In general nanoparticles (less than 100 nm) are reported to be permeable through cell membrane and tissues and their large surface area is responsible for the greater toxicity compared to larger particles. However, there are contradictory reports on the health effects of nanoparticles. Recent reports suggest that carbon nanotubes, fiber-shaped biopersistent nanoparticles, resemble asbestos in the pathogenesis of granuloma and mesothelioma. As such we summarize health effects of environmental and manufactured nanoparticles in the literature so far including our studies, in this report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, BSRC, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Petitot F, Lestaevel P, Tourlonias E, Mazzucco C, Jacquinot S, Dhieux B, Delissen O, Tournier BB, Gensdarmes F, Beaunier P, Dublineau I. Inhalation of uranium nanoparticles: respiratory tract deposition and translocation to secondary target organs in rats. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:217-25. [PMID: 23296105 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Uranium nanoparticles (<100 nm) can be released into the atmosphere during industrial stages of the nuclear fuel cycle and during remediation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Explosions and fires in nuclear reactors and the use of ammunition containing depleted uranium can also produce such aerosols. The risk of accidental inhalation of uranium nanoparticles by nuclear workers, military personnel or civilian populations must therefore be taken into account. In order to address this issue, the absorption rate of inhaled uranium nanoparticles needs to be characterised experimentally. For this purpose, rats were exposed to an aerosol containing 10⁷ particles of uranium per cm³ (CMD=38 nm) for 1h in a nose-only inhalation exposure system. Uranium concentrations deposited in the respiratory tract, blood, brain, skeleton and kidneys were determined by ICP-MS. Twenty-seven percent of the inhaled mass of uranium nanoparticles was deposited in the respiratory tract. One-fifth of UO₂ nanoparticles were rapidly cleared from lung (T(½)=2.4 h) and translocated to extrathoracic organs. However, the majority of the particles were cleared slowly (T(½)=141.5 d). Future long-term experimental studies concerning uranium nanoparticles should focus on the potential lung toxicity of the large fraction of particles cleared slowly from the respiratory tract after inhalation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Petitot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN/PRP-HOM/SRBE, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 166, 26702 Pierrelatte Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li R, Mittelstein D, Kam W, Pakbin P, Du Y, Tintut Y, Navab M, Sioutas C, Hsiai T. Atmospheric ultrafine particles promote vascular calcification via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C362-9. [PMID: 23242187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is a modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter <0.1 μm), a subfraction of PM(2.5), promote vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Epidemiologic studies suggest that PM exposure promotes vascular calcification. Here, we assessed whether UFP exposure promotes vascular calcification via NF-κB signaling. UFP exposure at 50 μg/ml increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by 4.4 ± 0.2-fold on day 3 (n = 3, P < 0.001) and matrix calcification by 3.5 ± 1.7-fold on day 10 (n = 4, P < 0.05) in calcifying vascular cells (CVC), a subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells with osteoblastic potential. Treatment of CVC with conditioned media derived from UFP-treated macrophages (UFP-CM) also led to an increase in ALP activities and matrix calcification. Furthermore, both UFP and UFP-CM significantly increased NF-κB activity, and cotreatment with an NF-κB inhibitor, JSH23, attenuated both UFP- and UFP-CM-induced ALP activity and calcification. When low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice were exposed to UFP at 359.5 μg/m(3) for 10 wk, NF-κB activation and vascular calcification were detected in the regions of aortic roots compared with control filtered air-exposed mice. These findings suggest that UFP promotes vascular calcification via activating NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakane H. Translocation of particles deposited in the respiratory system: a systematic review and statistical analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 17:263-74. [PMID: 22101916 PMCID: PMC3390561 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-011-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that ambient particulate matter poses consistent risks for respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The translocation of inhaled particles is one hypothesis that could explain such systemic effects. The objectives of this study were to conduct a systematic review of previous reports on particle translocation from the respiratory system and to discuss factors important for translocation. A PubMed search was conducted in August 2011 for the period from 1967 with four main keyword domains (particle, translocation, detection site, and exposure route). The systematic review identified 61 original articles written in English that met the specified criteria (i.e., information on experiment and particle detection). Categorical regression analysis was performed with the site of particle detection as the objective variable, and particle size, particle material, animal species, and exposure route as the explanatory variables. All explanatory variables showed statistically significant effects. The effects for particle size and particle material were large, while the effects for animal species and exposure route were relatively small. There was a broad relationship between particle size and detection site: ≤50 nm for brain and remote organs; ≤1 μm for blood; and ≤10 μm for lung tissues. However, these results should be considered within the context of several limitations, such as deficiency of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Nakane
- Atmospheric Environment Laboratory, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc, 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Landsiedel R, Ma-Hock L, Haussmann HJ, van Ravenzwaay B, Kayser M, Wiench K. Inhalation studies for the safety assessment of nanomaterials: status quo and the way forward. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:399-413. [PMID: 22639437 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While technical and medical potential offered by nanotechnologies increase, the safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) needs to follow this pace. Inhalation is a major route of occupational and environmental exposure, and is most relevant for most of the respective safety assessment studies. Control and generation of aerosol from the test materials for this route of administration are technically demanding, and not surprisingly, there are relatively few NMs tested in toxicokinetic, short-term, and subchronic inhalation studies. These studies were in part adapted to the peculiarities of inhaled NMs, but few were also conducted according to organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) test guidelines. Inhalation studies on the potential to develop chronic diseases, or studies to check the potential analogy to cardiovascular diseases associated with adverse health effects from ambient air pollution, are largely missing. On the way forward, appropriate inhalation studies need to be performed on a number of NMs to assess their hazards and to provide a sound database for correlation and validation of alternative in vitro methods. Moreover, these studies can potentially aid in the grouping of different NMs based on their biokinetics or biological effects. For carcinogenic and cardiovascular effects, research studies are needed to verify-or disprove-the relevance and the mechanisms by which NMs contribute to these effects.
Collapse
|
19
|
Papp A, Oszlánczi G, Horváth E, Paulik E, Kozma G, Sápi A, Kónya Z, Szabó A. Consequences of subacute intratracheal exposure of rats to cadmium oxide nanoparticles: Electrophysiological and toxicological effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 28:933-41. [PMID: 22246446 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711430973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a metal used in various industrial applications, thereby causing exposure to Cd-containing fumes. The submicron-sized particles in the fumes represent an extra risk due to their high mobility within the organism and high surface area. Toxicity of Cd on the liver, kidney and bones is well known, but there are less data on its neurotoxicity. Here, male Wistar rats were treated for 3 and 6 weeks by intratracheal instillation of cadmium oxide nanosuspension. The body weight gain in treated rats was significantly decreased, and in the rats treated with high dose (0.4 mg/kg Cd daily), there was a significant increase in the weight of lungs and thymus. In this group, the spectrum of spontaneous cortical electrical activity was shifted to higher frequencies, the latency of sensory-evoked potentials was lengthened, and the frequency following ability of the somatosensory evoked potential was impaired--even without detectable Cd deposition in the brain. The data support the role of the nano-sized Cd in the causation of nervous system damage and show the possibility of modeling human neurotoxic damage in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Papp
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Blum JL, Xiong JQ, Hoffman C, Zelikoff JT. Cadmium associated with inhaled cadmium oxide nanoparticles impacts fetal and neonatal development and growth. Toxicol Sci 2012; 126:478-86. [PMID: 22240978 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One industrially important metal oxide nanoparticle (NP) is cadmium oxide (CdO). A study was performed using timed-pregnant CD-1 mice to determine if Cd associated with inhaled CdO NP could reach the placenta and adversely affect the developing fetus and/or neonate. Pregnant mice were exposed by inhalation either every other day to 100 μg of freshly generated CdO/m(3) (exposure 1) or daily to 230 μg CdO/m(3) (exposure 2). In each exposure, mice were exposed to CdO NP or carrier gas (control) for 2.5 h from 4.5 days post coitus (dpc) through 16.5 dpc. At 17.5 dpc, fetuses and placentas from both exposures 1 and 2 were collected, measured, and weighed. A subgroup from the second exposure was allowed to give birth, and neonates were weighed daily until weaning. Cadmium in the uterus and placenta, as well as in other maternal organs, was elevated in NP-treated mice, but was undetectable in fetuses at 17.5 dpc. Daily inhalation of 230 μg CdO NP/m(3) decreased the incidence of pregnancy (i.e., no evidence of implantation) by 23%, delayed maternal weight gain, altered placental weight, and decreased fetal length, as well as delayed neonatal growth. This study demonstrates that inhalation of CdO NP during pregnancy adversely affects reproductive fecundity and alters fetal and postnatal growth of the developing offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boland S, Guadagnini R, Baeza-Squiban A, Hussain S, Marano F. Nanoparticles used in medical applications for the lung: hopes for nanomedicine and fears for nanotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Kim J, Lim W, Ko Y, Kwon H, Kim S, Kim O, Park G, Choi H, Kim O. The effects of cadmium on VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in HUVECs. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:342-9. [PMID: 21425301 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element that causes morphologic alterations and dysfunction in blood vessels. The altered vascular function caused by cadmium has been implicated in a range of chronic diseases, including hypertension. The effects of cadmium are a multisystem phenomenon involving inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, angiogenesis and important processes involved in vascular remodeling systems. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in cell growth and angiogenesis under pathologic conditions. VEGF secretion is related to anti-apoptosis protein expression and attenuates apoptosis in endothelial cells. This study examined the VEGF-dependent mechanisms of angiogenesis and apoptosis in cadmium-treated endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effects and mechanisms of cadmium in endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined by exposing the cells to different doses of cadmium chloride (2.5-40 μ m). After the cadmium treatment, the angiogenesis and apoptosis mechanisms related to VEGF in cadmium-treated HUVECs were examined. As a result, the low concentration of cadmium increased the tube formation in HUVECs. In addition, cadmium at concentrations of 5 and 10 μ m increased VEGF secretion and VEGFR2 activity, which suggest that cadmium affects the growth of blood vessels. All three MAPK pathways, namely ERK, JNK and p38, were activated by cadmium in HUVECs. However, high concentrations of cadmium caused cell damage, disrupted tube formation and inhibited VEGF expression and the activities of VEGFR2 and MAPK in HUVECs. Cadmium has dual functions through VEGF-dependent mechanisms in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, the dual effects of cadmium might alter angiogenesis and induce apoptosis through VEGF pathways in HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, 2nd stage of Brain Korea 21 for School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yacobi NR, Fazllolahi F, Kim YH, Sipos A, Borok Z, Kim KJ, Crandall ED. Nanomaterial interactions with and trafficking across the lung alveolar epithelial barrier: implications for health effects of air-pollution particles. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2011; 4:65-78. [PMID: 25568662 PMCID: PMC4283834 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-010-0098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the health effects of air-pollution particles suggest that injury may result from inhalation of airborne ultrafine particles (<100 nm in diameter). Engineered nanomaterials (<100 nm in at least one dimension) may also be harmful if inhaled. Nanomaterials deposited on the respiratory epithelial tract are thought to cross the air-blood barrier, especially via the expansive alveolar region, into the systemic circulation to reach end organs (e.g., myocardium, liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen). Since ambient ultrafine particles are difficult to track, studies of defined engineered nanomaterials have been used to obtain valuable information on how nanomaterials interact with and traffic across the air-blood barrier of mammalian lungs. Since specific mechanistic information on how nanomaterials interact with the lung is difficult to obtain using in vivo or ex vivo lungs due to their complex anatomy, in vitro alveolar epithelial models have been of considerable value in determining nanomaterial-lung interactions. In this review, we provide information on mechanisms underlying lung alveolar epithelial injury caused by various nanomaterials and on nanomaterial trafficking across alveolar epithelium that may lead to end-organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin R. Yacobi
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Farnoosh Fazllolahi
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Arnold Sipos
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Edward D. Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, IRD 620, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Horváth E, Oszlánczi G, Máté Z, Szabó A, Kozma G, Sápi A, Kónya Z, Paulik E, Nagymajtényi L, Papp A. Nervous system effects of dissolved and nanoparticulate cadmium in rats in subacute exposure. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:471-6. [PMID: 21351111 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Horváth
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| | - Gábor Oszlánczi
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Máté
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| | - Gábor Kozma
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics; H-6720; Szeged; Rerrich Béla tér 1.; Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics; H-6720; Szeged; Rerrich Béla tér 1.; Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics; H-6720; Szeged; Rerrich Béla tér 1.; Hungary
| | - Edit Paulik
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| | - László Nagymajtényi
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| | - András Papp
- Department of Public Health; University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine; H-6720; Szeged; Dóm tér 10.; Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kang GS, Gillespie PA, Gunnison A, Rengifo H, Koberstein J, Chen LC. Comparative pulmonary toxicity of inhaled nickel nanoparticles; role of deposited dose and solubility. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:95-103. [PMID: 21261442 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2010.543440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this pilot study, we investigated which physicochemical properties of nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (nano-NH) were mainly responsible in inducing pulmonary toxicity. First, we studied the role of nickel ions solubilized from nano-NH by comparing the toxic effects of nano-NH to those of readily soluble nickel sulfate nanoparticles (nano-NS). Additionally, to test whether there was a non-specific stress response due to particle morphology, we compared the toxicity of nano-NH with that of carbon nanoparticles (nano-C) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-Ti), both of which had similar physical properties such as particle size and shape, to nano-NH. We exposed mice to each type of nanoparticles for 4?h via a whole-body inhalation system and examined oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the lung. We also determined the lung burden and clearance of Ni following nano-NH and nano-NS exposures. The results showed that lung deposition of nano-NH was significantly greater than that of nano-NS and nano-NH appeared to have stronger inflammogenic potential than nano-NS even when lung Ni burden taken into consideration. This suggests that the toxicity of nano-NH is not driven solely by released Ni ions from deposited nano-NH particles. However, it is unlikely that the greater toxic potential of nano-NH is attributable to a generic stress response from any nanoparticle exposure, since nano-C and nano-Ti did not elicit toxic responses similar to those of nano-NH. These results indicate that the observed pulmonary toxicity by inhaled nano-NH were chemical-specific and deposited dose and solubility are key factors to understand toxicity induced by nano-NH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Soo Kang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bhatt I, Tripathi BN. Interaction of engineered nanoparticles with various components of the environment and possible strategies for their risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:308-17. [PMID: 20980041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are the materials with at least two dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Mostly these nanoparticles are natural products but their tremendous commercial use has boosted the artificial synthesis of these particles (engineered nanoparticles). Accelerated production and use of these engineered nanoparticles may cause their release in the environment and facilitate the frequent interactions with biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystems. Despite remarkable commercial benefits, their presence in the nature may cause hazardous biological effects. Therefore, detail understanding of their sources, release interaction with environment, and possible risk assessment would provide a basis for safer use of engineered nanoparticles with minimal or no hazardous impact on environment. Keeping all these points in mind the present review provides updated information on various aspects, e.g. sources, different types, synthesis, interaction with environment, possible strategies for risk management of engineered nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bhatt
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304 022 Rajasthan, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Diesel exhaust particles modulate vascular endothelial cell permeability: implication of ZO-1 expression. Toxicol Lett 2010; 197:163-8. [PMID: 20576493 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollutants increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Recent toxicity studies revealed that ultra-fine particles (UFP, d(p)<100-200 nm), the major portion of particulate matter (PM) by numbers in the atmosphere, induced atherosclerosis. In this study, we posited that variations in chemical composition in diesel exhausted particles (DEP) regulated endothelial cell permeability to a different extent. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to well-characterized DEP (d(p)<100 nm) emitted from a diesel engine in either idling mode (DEP1) or in urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) (DEP2). Horse Radish Peroxidase-Streptavidin activity assay showed that DEP2 increased endothelial permeability to a greater extent than DEP1 (control=0.077+/-0.005, DEP1=0.175+/-0.003, DEP2=0.265+/-0.006, n=3, p<0.01). DEP2 also down-regulated tight junction protein, Zonular Occludin-1 (ZO-1), to a greater extent compared to DEP1. LDH and caspase-3 activities revealed that DEP-mediated increase in permeability was not due to direct cytotoxicity, and DEP-mediated ZO-1 down-regulation was not due to a decrease in ZO-1 mRNA. Hence, our findings suggest that DEP1 vs. DEP2 differentially influenced the extent of endothelial permeability at the post-translational level. This increase in endothelium permeability is implicated in inflammatory cell transmigration into subendothelial layers with relevance to the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Li R, Ning Z, Majumdar R, Cui J, Takabe W, Jen N, Sioutas C, Hsiai T. Ultrafine particles from diesel vehicle emissions at different driving cycles induce differential vascular pro-inflammatory responses: implication of chemical components and NF-kappaB signaling. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:6. [PMID: 20307321 PMCID: PMC2859401 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence supports the association between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP; Dp <100 nm) is reported to promote atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Atherogenesis-prone factors induce endothelial dysfunction that contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We previously demonstrated that UFP induced oxidative stress via c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNK) activation in endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated pro-inflammatory responses of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) exposed to UFP emitted from a diesel truck under an idling mode (UFP1) and an urban dynamometer driving schedule (UFP2), respectively. We hypothesize that UFP1 and UFP2 with distinct chemical compositions induce differential pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. RESULTS UFP2 contained a higher level of redox active organic compounds and metals on a per PM mass basis than UFP1. While both UFP1 and UFP2 induced superoxide production and up-regulated stress response genes such as heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1), OKL38, and tissue factor (TF), only UFP2 induced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as IL-8 (2.8 +/- 0.3-fold), MCP-1 (3.9 +/- 0.4-fold), and VCAM (6.5 +/- 1.1-fold) (n = 3, P < 0.05). UFP2-exposed HAEC also bound to a higher number of monocytes than UFP1-exposed HAEC (Control = 70 +/- 7.5, UFP1 = 106.7 +/- 12.5, UFP2 = 137.0 +/- 8.0, n = 3, P < 0.05). Adenovirus NF-kappaB Luciferase reporter assays revealed that UFP2, but not UFP1, significantly induced NF-kappaB activities. NF-kappaB inhibitor, CAY10512, significantly abrogated UFP2-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and monocyte binding. CONCLUSION While UFP1 induced higher level of oxidative stress and stress response gene expression, only UFP2, with higher levels of redox active organic compounds and metals, induced pro-inflammatory responses via NF-kappaB signaling. Thus, UFP with distinct chemical compositions caused differential response patterns in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhi Ning
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rohit Majumdar
- Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jeffery Cui
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Wakako Takabe
- Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nelson Jen
- Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Tzung Hsiai
- Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cho SH, Tong H, McGee JK, Baldauf RW, Krantz QT, Gilmour MI. Comparative toxicity of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter collected at different distances from an urban highway. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1682-9. [PMID: 20049117 PMCID: PMC2801189 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between proximity to highway traffic and increased cardiopulmonary illnesses. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of size-fractionated particulate matter (PM), obtained at different distances from a highway, on acute cardiopulmonary toxicity in mice. METHODS We collected PM for 2 weeks in July-August 2006 using a three-stage (ultrafine, < 0.1 microm; fine, 0.1-2.5 microm; coarse, 2.5-10 microm) high-volume impactor at distances of 20 m [near road (NR)] and 275 m [far road (FR)] from an interstate highway in Raleigh, North Carolina. Samples were extracted in methanol, dried, diluted in saline, and then analyzed for chemical constituents. Female CD-1 mice received either 25 or 100 microg of each size fraction via oropharyngeal aspiration. At 4 and 18 hr postexposure, mice were assessed for pulmonary responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, biomarkers of lung injury and inflammation; ex vivo cardiac pathophysiology was assessed at 18 hr only. RESULTS Overall chemical composition between NR and FR PM was similar, although NR samples comprised larger amounts of PM, endotoxin, and certain metals than did the FR samples. Each PM size fraction showed differences in ratios of major chemical classes. Both NR and FR coarse PM produced significant pulmonary inflammation irrespective of distance, whereas both NR and FR ultrafine PM induced cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS On a comparative mass basis, the coarse and ultrafine PM affected the lung and heart, respectively. We observed no significant differences in the overall toxicity end points and chemical makeup between the NR and FR PM. The results suggest that PM of different size-specific chemistry might be associated with different toxicologic mechanisms in cardiac and pulmonary tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Cho
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and
| | - John K. McGee
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and
| | - Richard W. Baldauf
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Q. Todd Krantz
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and
| | - M. Ian Gilmour
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and
- Address correspondence to M.I. Gilmour, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Drop B143-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-0015. Fax: (919) 541-0026. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Duan Y, Liu J, Ma L, Li N, Liu H, Wang J, Zheng L, Liu C, Wang X, Zhao X, Yan J, Wang S, Wang H, Zhang X, Hong F. Toxicological characteristics of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide in mice. Biomaterials 2009; 31:894-9. [PMID: 19857890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to examine liver injury, immune response, and other physiological effects in mice caused by intragastric administration of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide (5nm), we assessed T lymphocytes, B lymphocyte and NK lymphocyte counts, hematological indices, biochemical parameters of liver functions, and histopathological changes in nanoparticulate titanium dioxide -treated mice. Indeed, mice treated with higher dose nanoparticulate titanium dioxide displayed a reduction in body weight, an increase in coefficients of the liver and histopathological changes in the liver. Specifically, in these nanoparticulate titanium dioxide -treated mice, interleukin-2 activity, white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, thrombocytes, reticulocytes, T lymphocytes (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+)), NK lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 of mice were decreased, whereas NO level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, red (cell) distribution width, platelets, hematocrit, mean platelet volume of mice were increased. Furthermore, liver functions were also disrupted, as evidenced by the enhanced activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase, an increase of the total protein, and the reduction of ratio of albumin to globulin, the total bilirubin, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol levels. These results suggested that the liver function damage observed in mice treated with higher dose nanoparticulate titanium dioxide is likely associated with the damage of haemostasis blood system and immune response. However, low dose nanoparticulate anatase TiO(2) has little influences on haemostasis blood system and immune response in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Duan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu LE, Lanry Yung LY, Ong CN, Tan YL, Suresh Balasubramaniam K, Hartono D, Shui G, Wenk MR, Ong WY. Translocation and effects of gold nanoparticles after inhalation exposure in rats. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390701763108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Li R, Ning Z, Cui J, Khalsa B, Ai L, Takabe W, Beebe T, Majumdar R, Sioutas C, Hsiai T. Ultrafine particles from diesel engines induce vascular oxidative stress via JNK activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:775-82. [PMID: 19154785 PMCID: PMC3205928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate air pollution is linked to increased incidences of cardiovascular diseases. Ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) from diesel vehicle engines have been shown to be proatherogenic in ApoE knockout mice and may constitute a major cardiovascular risk in humans. We posited that circulating nano-sized particles from traffic pollution sources induce vascular oxidative stress via JNK activation in endothelial cells. Diesel UFP were collected from a 1998 Kenworth truck. Intracellular superoxide assay revealed that these UFP dose-dependently induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Flow cytometry showed that UFP increased MitoSOX red intensity specific for mitochondrial superoxide. Protein carbonyl content was increased by UFP as an indication of vascular oxidative stress. UFP also up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tissue factor (TF) mRNA expression, and pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly decreased their expression. Furthermore, UFP transiently activated JNK in HAEC. Treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and silencing of both JNK1 and JNK2 with siRNA inhibited UFP-stimulated O(2)(-) production and mRNA expression of HO-1 and TF. Our findings suggest that JNK activation plays an important role in UFP-induced oxidative stress and stress response gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schmid O, Bolle I, Harder V, Karg E, Takenaka S, Schulz H, Ferron GA. Model for the deposition of aerosol particles in the respiratory tract of the rat. I. Nonhygroscopic particle deposition. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2008; 21:291-307. [PMID: 18627243 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2008.0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats are used to test the toxicological and pharmacological effects of aerosol particles on the organism. For estimates of the delivered aerosol dose, lung deposition models provide a valuable tool. Here a previously developed deposition model for nonhygroscopic and hygroscopic aerosol particles in the lungs of man (Ferron et al., J. Aerosol Sci. 1988, 19:611) is adapted to the rat by implementing a lung structure for the rat combined with empirical equations for particle deposition due to impaction/sedimentation in the extrathoracic region and in bifurcations. To account for the effect of body weight (BW) on the physiological parameters (lung size, respiration frequency) we present BW-scaling laws with an estimated accuracy of about 16%. The present model shows good agreement with the measured total deposition (per breath) and other models from the literature to within the variability of the experimental data (20% absolute). Our calculations show that the variability of the experimental data is consistent with the combined effects from realistic variations in particle properties (mainly density) and physiological parameters (mainly activity level). For the alveolar region, which is of particular significance for pharmacological and health studies, we show that although the activity level may change the deposited dose by up to a factor of 2.2 for particles between 0.05 and 2.0 microm in diameter, the alveolar dose is almost independent (to within 10%) of activity level for particles between 0.5 and 1 microm, which makes this size range advantageous for pharmacological and toxicological experiments. The present model allows estimates of the total and regional particle dose deposited in the lungs of rats, which are consistent with experimental data. The advantage of the present model is that hygroscopic growth can be included in the calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Schmid
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute for Inhalation Biology, 85758 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laks D, de Oliveira RC, de André PA, Macchione M, Lemos M, Faffe D, Saldiva PHN, Zin WA. Composition of diesel particles influences acute pulmonary toxicity: an experimental study in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:1037-42. [PMID: 18686106 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particles have been consistently associated with adverse health effects, yielding mainly high cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. Diesel engines represent a major source of particles in the urban scenario. We aimed to modify the composition of diesel particles, by means of different extraction procedures, to relate changes in chemical profile to corresponding indicators of respiratory toxicity. Male BALB/c mice were nasally instilled with saline, or with diesel particles, treated or not, and assigned to five groups: saline (SHAM), intact diesel particles (DEP), and diesel particles previously treated with methanol (METH), hexane (HEX), or nitric acid (NA). Elemental composition and organic compounds were analyzed. Twenty-four hours after nasal instillation, respiratory parameters were measured and lung tissue was collected for histological analysis. Static elastance was significantly increased in groups DEP and MET in relation to the other groups. HEX and NA were different from DEP but not significantly different from SHAM and METH groups. The difference between dynamic and static elastance was increased in DEP, METH, and NA treatments; HEX was not statistically different from SHAM. DEP and METH groups presented significantly increased upper airways resistance, while DEP, METH, and NA showed higher peripheral airways resistance values. All groups had a higher total resistance than SHAM. DEP, METH, and NA showed significant increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. In conclusion, diesel particles treated with hexane (HEX) resulted in a respiratory-system profile very similar to that in SHAM group, indicating that hexane treatment attenuates pulmonary inflammation elicited by diesel particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laks
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Totlandsdal AI, Refsnes M, Skomedal T, Osnes JB, Schwarze PE, Låg M. Particle-Induced Cytokine Responses in Cardiac Cell Cultures—the Effect of Particles versus Soluble Mediators Released by Particle-Exposed Lung Cells. Toxicol Sci 2008; 106:233-41. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Card JW, Zeldin DC, Bonner JC, Nestmann ER. Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L400-11. [PMID: 18641236 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their unique physicochemical properties, engineered nanoparticles have the potential to significantly impact respiratory research and medicine by means of improving imaging capability and drug delivery, among other applications. These same properties, however, present potential safety concerns, and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that nanoparticles may exert adverse effects on pulmonary structure and function. The respiratory system is susceptible to injury resulting from inhalation of gases, aerosols, and particles, and also from systemic delivery of drugs, chemicals, and other compounds to the lungs via direct cardiac output to the pulmonary arteries. As such, it is a prime target for the possible toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the potential usefulness of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in respiratory research and medicine and to highlight important issues and recent data pertaining to nanoparticle-related pulmonary toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Card
- Cantox Health Sciences International, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 308, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5N 2X7.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Handy RD, von der Kammer F, Lead JR, Hassellöv M, Owen R, Crane M. The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2008; 17:287-314. [PMID: 18351458 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The emerging literature on the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles and nanomaterials is summarised, then the fundamental physico-chemistry that governs particle behaviour is explained in an ecotoxicological context. Techniques for measuring nanoparticles in various biological and chemical matrices are also outlined. The emerging ecotoxicological literature shows toxic effects on fish and invertebrates, often at low mg l(-1) concentrations of nanoparticles. However, data on bacteria, plants, and terrestrial species are particularly lacking at present. Initial data suggest that at least some manufactured nanoparticles may interact with other contaminants, influencing their ecotoxicity. Particle behaviour is influenced by particle size, shape, surface charge, and the presence of other materials in the environment. Nanoparticles tend to aggregate in hard water and seawater, and are greatly influenced by the specific type of organic matter or other natural particles (colloids) present in freshwater. The state of dispersion will alter ecotoxicity, but many abiotic factors that influence this, such as pH, salinity, and the presence of organic matter remain to be systematically investigated as part of ecotoxicological studies. Concentrations of manufactured nanoparticles have rarely been measured in the environment to date. Various techniques are available to characterise nanoparticles for exposure and dosimetry, although each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages for the ecotoxicologist. We conclude with a consideration of implications for environmental risk assessment of manufactured nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Handy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Takenaka S, Karg E, Kreyling WG, Lentner B, Möller W, Behnke-Semmler M, Jennen L, Walch A, Michalke B, Schramel P, Heyder J, Schulz H. Distribution pattern of inhaled ultrafine gold particles in the rat lung. Inhal Toxicol 2007; 18:733-40. [PMID: 16774862 DOI: 10.1080/08958370600748281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of alveolar macrophages in the fate of ultrafine particles in the lung was investigated. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to ultrafine gold particles, generated by a spark generator, for 6 h at a concentration of 88 microg/m3 (4 x 10(6)/cm3, 16 nm modal mobility diameter). Up to 7 days, the animals were serially sacrificed, and lavaged cells and lung tissues were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The gold concentration/content in the lung, lavage fluid, and blood was estimated by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Gold particles used were spherical and electron dense with diameters of 5-8 nm. The particles were individual or slightly agglomerated. By inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of the lung, 1945 +/- 57 ng (mean +/- SD) and 1512 +/- 184 ng of gold were detected on day 0 and on day 7, respectively, indicating that a large portion of the deposited gold particles was retained in the lung tissue. In the lavage fluid, 573 +/- 67 ng and 96 +/- 29 ng were found on day 0 and day 7, respectively, which means that 29% and 6% of the retained gold particles were lavageable on these days. A low but significant increase of gold (0.03 to 0.06% of lung concentration) was found in the blood. Small vesicles containing gold particles were found in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. In the alveolar septum, the gold particles were enclosed in vesicles observed in the cytoplasm of alveolar type I epithelial cells. These results indicate that inhaled ultrafine gold particles in alveolar macrophages and type I epithelial cells are processed by endocytotic pathways, though the uptake of the gold particles by alveolar macrophages is limited. To a low degree, systemic particle translocation took place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Takenaka
- GSF-Institute for Inhalation Biology, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schlesinger RB, Kunzli N, Hidy GM, Gotschi T, Jerrett M. The health relevance of ambient particulate matter characteristics: coherence of toxicological and epidemiological inferences. Inhal Toxicol 2007; 18:95-125. [PMID: 16393926 DOI: 10.1080/08958370500306016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to review progress toward integration of toxicological and epidemiological research results concerning the role of specific physicochemical properties, and associated sources, in the adverse impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on public health. Contemporary knowledge about atmospheric aerosols indicates their complex and variable nature. This knowledge has influenced toxicological assessments, pointing to several possible properties of concern, including particle size and specific inorganic and organic chemical constituents. However, results from controlled exposure laboratory studies are difficult to relate to actual community health results because of ambiguities in simulated PM mixtures, inconsistent concentration measurements, and the wide range of different biological endpoints. The use of concentrated ambient particulates (CAPs) coupled with factor analysis has provided an improved understanding of biological effects from more realistic laboratory-based exposure studies. Epidemiological studies have provided information concerning sources of potentially toxic particles or components, adding insight into the significance of exposure to secondary particles, such as sulfate, compared with primary emissions, such as elemental and organic carbon from transportation sources. Recent epidemiological approaches incorporate experimental designs that take advantage of broadened speciation monitoring, multiple monitoring stations, source proximity designs, and emission intervention. However, there continue to be major gaps in knowledge about the relative toxicity of particles from various sources, and the relationship between toxicity and particle physicochemical properties. Advancing knowledge could be facilitated with cooperative toxicological and epidemiological study designs, with the support of findings from atmospheric chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Schlesinger
- Department of Biology and Health Sciences, Pace University, New York, New York 10038, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wörle-Knirsch JM, Kern K, Schleh C, Adelhelm C, Feldmann C, Krug HF. Nanoparticulate vanadium oxide potentiated vanadium toxicity in human lung cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:331-6. [PMID: 17265967 DOI: 10.1021/es061140x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxides may hold, as nanosized particles, a toxic potential to human health and the environment that is not present in the bulk material. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, small amounts can lead to strong oxidative damage within biological systems, impairing cellularfunctions as a consequence of their high surface reactivity. We report here on a new nanosized V203 material that has a needle-like structure with diameters of less than 30 nm and variable lengths. The potentiated toxicity of nanoscale vanadium oxide (V203) compared to bulk material is demonstrated here in human endo- and epithelial lung cells, and might be due to the higher catalytic surface of the particles. Reduction in cell viability is almost ten times stronger and starts with lowest concentrations of "nanoscaled" material (10 microg/mL). Vanadium oxide leads to an induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in a dose dependent manner in ECV304 cells whereas a reduction in protein levels can be observed for the epithelial cells (A549). Lipid peroxidation can be observed also for "nanoscaled" vanadium oxide to a much stronger extent in macrophages (RAW cells) than for bulk material. The observed effects can not only be explained by oxidation from V2O3 to V2O5 as there are significant differences between the novel nano vanadium and all used bulk materials (V203 and V205). It appears rather to be a nanoeffect of a high surface reactivity, here coupled with a yet unknown toxicity potentiating effect of a technically important catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg M Wörle-Knirsch
- Department of Molecular Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tsuji JS, Maynard AD, Howard PC, James JT, Lam CW, Warheit DB, Santamaria AB. Research Strategies for Safety Evaluation of Nanomaterials, Part IV: Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2005; 89:42-50. [PMID: 16177233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are small-scale substances (<100 nm) with unique properties and, thus, complex exposure and health risk implications. This symposium review summarizes recent findings in exposure and toxicity of nanoparticles and their application for assessing human health risks. Characterization of airborne particles indicates that exposures will depend on particle behavior (e.g., disperse or aggregate) and that accurate, portable, and cost-effective measurement techniques are essential for understanding exposure. Under many conditions, dermal penetration of nanoparticles may be limited for consumer products such as sunscreens, although additional studies are needed on potential photooxidation products, experimental methods, and the effect of skin condition on penetration. Carbon nanotubes apparently have greater pulmonary toxicity (inflammation, granuloma) in mice than fine-scale carbon graphite, and their metal content may affect toxicity. Studies on TiO2 and quartz illustrate the complex relationship between toxicity and particle characteristics, including surface coatings, which make generalizations (e.g., smaller particles are always more toxic) incorrect for some substances. These recent toxicity and exposure data, combined with therapeutic and other related literature, are beginning to shape risk assessments that will be used to regulate the use of nanomaterials in consumer products.
Collapse
|