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Liang S, Lu Z, Cai L, Zhu M, Zhou H, Zhang J. Multi-Omics analysis reveals molecular insights into the effects of acute ozone exposure on lung tissues of normal and obese male mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108436. [PMID: 38219541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Certain sub-groups, including men and obese individuals, are more susceptible to ozone (O3) exposure, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the male mice were divided into two dietary groups: one fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mimicking obesity conditions, and the other fed a normal diet (ND), then exposed to 0.5 ppm and 2 ppm O3 for 4 h per day over two days. The HFD mice exhibited significantly higher body weight and serum lipid biochemical indicators compared to the ND mice. Obese mice also exhibited more severe pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Using a multi-omics approach including proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, we observed that O3 exposure induced significant pulmonary molecular changes in both obese and normal mice, primarily arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Different molecular biomarker responses to acute O3 exposure were also observed between two dietary groups, with immune-related proteins impacted in obese mice and PPAR pathway-related proteins affected in normal mice. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, O3 exposure tended to aggravate HFD-induced disturbances in lung glycerophospholipid metabolism. Overall, this study provides valuable molecular insights into the responses of lung to O3 exposure and highlights the potential impact of O3 on obesity-induced metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lijing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Association between Smoking Status and Incident Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050691. [PMID: 35629114 PMCID: PMC9144886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking traditionally has not been considered as a cause of bronchiectasis. However, few studies have evaluated the association between smoking and bronchiectasis. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking status and bronchiectasis development in young adults. This study included 6,861,282 adults aged 20−39 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database 2009−2012 who were followed-up until the date of development of bronchiectasis, death, or 31 December 2018. We evaluated the incidence of bronchiectasis according to smoking status. During a mean of 7.4 years of follow-up, 23,609 (0.3%) participants developed bronchiectasis. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, ex-smokers (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03−1.13) and current-smokers (aHR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02−1.10) were associated with incident bronchiectasis, with the highest HR in ≥ 10 pack-years current smokers (aHR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06−1.16). The association of smoking with bronchiectasis was more profound in females than in males (p for interaction < 0.001), in younger than in older participants (p for interaction = 0.036), and in the overweight and obese than in the normal weight or underweight (p for interaction = 0.023). In conclusion, our study shows that smoking is associated with incident bronchiectasis in young adults. The association of smoking with bronchiectasis development was stronger in females, 20−29 year-olds, and the overweight and obese than in males, 30−40-year-olds, and the normal weight or underweight, respectively.
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Transcriptomics Underlying Pulmonary Ozone Pathogenesis Regulated by Inflammatory Mediators in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091489. [PMID: 34573120 PMCID: PMC8466999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is the predominant oxidant air pollutant associated with airway inflammation, lung dysfunction, and the worsening of preexisting respiratory diseases. We previously demonstrated the injurious roles of pulmonary immune receptors, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and toll-like receptor 4, as well as a transcription factor NF-κB, in response to O3 in mice. In the current study, we profiled time-dependent and TNFR- and NF-κB-regulated lung transcriptome changes by subacute O3 to illuminate the underlying molecular events and downstream targets. Mice lacking Tnfr1/Tnfr2 (Tnfr-/-) or Nfkb1 (Nfkb1-/-) were exposed to air or O3. Lung RNAs were prepared for cDNA microarray analyses, and downstream and upstream mechanisms were predicted by pathway analyses of the enriched genes. O3 significantly altered the genes involved in inflammation and redox (24 h), cholesterol biosynthesis and vaso-occlusion (48 h), and cell cycle and DNA repair (48–72 h). Transforming growth factor-β1 was a predicted upstream regulator. Lack of Tnfr suppressed the immune cell proliferation and lipid-related processes and heightened epithelial cell integrity, and Nfkb1 deficiency markedly suppressed lung cell cycle progress during O3 exposure. Common differentially regulated genes by TNFR and NF-κB1 (e.g., Casp8, Il6, and Edn1) were predicted to protect the lungs from cell death, connective tissue injury, and inflammation. Il6-deficient mice were susceptible to O3-induced protein hyperpermeability, indicating its defensive role, while Tnf-deficient mice were resistant to overall lung injury caused by O3. The results elucidated transcriptome dynamics and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulated by TNFR and NF-κB1 in pulmonary subacute O3 pathogenesis.
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Tashiro H, Shore SA. The Gut Microbiome and Ozone-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:283-291. [PMID: 33091322 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0288tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several new asthma therapeutics have been developed. Although many of these agents show promise in treating allergic asthma, they are less effective against nonallergic forms of asthma. The gut microbiome has important roles in human health and disease, and a growing body of evidence indicates a link between the gut microbiome and asthma. Here, we review those data focusing on the role of the microbiome in mouse models of nonallergic asthma including obese asthma and asthma triggered by exposure to air pollutants. We describe the impact of antibiotics, diet, and early life events on airway responses to the air pollutant ozone, including in the setting of obesity. We also review potential mechanisms responsible for gut-lung interactions focusing on bacterial-derived metabolites, the immune system, and hormones. Finally, we discuss future prospects for gut microbiome-targeted therapies such as fecal microbiome transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and prudent use of antibiotics. Better understanding of the role of the microbiome in airway responses may lead to exploration of new microbiome-targeted therapies to control asthma, especially nonallergic forms of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; and.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie A Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pal A, Gowdy KM, Oestreich KJ, Beck M, Shaikh SR. Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1997. [PMID: 32983141 PMCID: PMC7438933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Therefore, there is a critical need to identify underlying metabolic factors associated with obesity that could be contributing toward increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in this vulnerable population. Here, we focus on the critical role of potent endogenous lipid metabolites known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids. SPMs are generated during the transition of inflammation to resolution and have a vital role in directing damaged tissues to homeostasis; furthermore, SPMs display anti-viral activity in the context of influenza infection without being immunosuppressive. We cover evidence from rodent and human studies to show that obesity, and its co-morbidities, induce a signature of SPM deficiency across immunometabolic tissues. We further discuss how the effects of obesity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely exacerbated with environmental exposures that promote chronic pulmonary inflammation and augment SPM deficits. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to overcome the loss of SPMs using dietary and pharmacological interventions. Collectively, this mini-review underscores the need for mechanistic studies on how SPM deficiencies driven by obesity and environmental exposures may exacerbate the response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Melinda Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Birukova A, Cyphert-Daly J, Cumming RI, Yu YR, Gowdy KM, Que LG, Tighe RM. Sex Modifies Acute Ozone-Mediated Airway Physiologic Responses. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:499-510. [PMID: 30825310 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences clearly exist in incidence, susceptibility, and severity of airway disease and in pulmonary responses to air pollutants such as ozone (O3). Prior rodent O3 exposure studies demonstrate sex-related differences in the expression of lung inflammatory mediators and signaling. However, whether or not sex modifies O3-induced airway physiologic responses remains less explored. To address this, we exposed 8- to 10-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice to either 1 or 2 ppm O3 or filtered air (FA) for 3 h. At 12, 24, 48, and 72 h following exposure, we assessed airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (MCh), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, cytokines and total protein/albumin, serum progesterone, and whole lung immune cells by flow cytometry. Male mice generated consistent airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh at all time points following exposure. Alternatively, females had less consistent airway physiologic responses to MCh, which were more variable between individual experiments and did not correlate with serum progesterone levels. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total cells peaked at 12 h and were persistently elevated through 72 h. At 48 h, bronchoalveolar lavage cells were greater in females versus males. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines and total protein/albumin increased following O3 exposure without sex differences. Flow cytometry of whole lung tissue identified dynamic O3-induced immune cell changes also independent of sex. Our results indicate sex differences in acute O3-induced airway physiology responses and airspace influx without significant difference in other injury and inflammation measures. This study highlights the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in acute O3-induced airway physiology responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
| | - Loretta G Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Kasahara DI, Shore SA. IL-33, diet-induced obesity, and pulmonary responses to ozone. Respir Res 2020; 21:98. [PMID: 32326950 PMCID: PMC7181525 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity augments pulmonary responses to ozone. We have reported that IL-33 contributes to these effects of obesity in db/db mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether IL-33 also contributes to obesity-related changes in the response to ozone in mice with diet-induced obesity. Methods Male wildtype C57BL/6 mice and mice deficient in ST2, the IL-33 receptor, were placed on chow or high fat diets for 12 weeks from weaning. Because the microbiome has been implicated in obesity-related changes in the pulmonary response to ozone, mice were either housed with other mice of the same genotype (same housed) or with mice of the opposite genotype (cohoused). Cohousing transfers the gut microbiome from one mouse to its cagemates. Results Diet-induced increases in body mass were not affected by ST2 deficiency or cohousing. In same housed mice, ST2 deficiency reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil recruitment in chow-fed but not HFD-fed mice even though ST2 deficiency reduced bronchoalveolar lavage IL-5 in both diet groups. In chow-fed mice, cohousing abolished ST2-related reductions in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil recruitment, but in HFD-fed mice, no effect of cohousing on these responses to ozone was observed. In chow-fed mice, ST2 deficiency and cohousing caused changes in the gut microbiome. High fat diet-feeding caused marked changes in the gut microbiome and overrode both ST2-related and cohousing-related differences in the gut microbiome observed in chow-fed mice. Conclusion Our data indicate a role for IL-33 in pulmonary responses to ozone in chow-fed but not high fat diet-fed mice and are consistent with the hypothesis that these diet-related differences in the role of IL-33 are the result of changes in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-6021, USA
| | - Stephanie A Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-6021, USA.
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Xing X, Hu L, Guo Y, Bloom MS, Li S, Chen G, Yim SHL, Gurram N, Yang M, Xiao X, Xu S, Wei Q, Yu H, Yang B, Zeng X, Chen W, Hu Q, Dong G. Interactions between ambient air pollution and obesity on lung function in children: The Seven Northeastern Chinese Cities (SNEC) Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134397. [PMID: 31677469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Children are vulnerable to air pollution-induced lung function deficits, and the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in children. To evaluate the joint effects of long-term PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm) exposure and obesity on children's lung function, a cross-sectional sample of 6740 children (aged 7-14 years) was enrolled across seven northeastern Chinese cities from 2012 to 2013. Weight and lung function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), were measured according to standardized protocols. Average PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure levels were estimated using a spatiotemporal model, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) exposure were estimated using data from municipal air monitoring stations. Two-level logistic regression and general linear models were used to analyze the joint effects of body mass index (BMI) and air pollutants. The results showed that long-term air pollution exposure was associated with lung function impairment and there were significant interactions with BMI. Associations were stronger among obese and overweight than normal weight participants (the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PM1 and lung function impairments in three increasing BMI categories were 1.50 (1.07-2.11) to 2.55 (1.59-4.07) for FVC < 85% predicted, 1.44 (1.03-2.01) to 2.51 (1.53-4.11) for FEV1 < 85% predicted, 1.34 (0.97-1.84) to 2.04 (1.24-3.35) for PEF < 75% predicted, and 1.34 (1.01-1.78) to 1.93 (1.26-2.95) for MMEF < 75% predicted). Consistent results were detected in linear regression models for PM1, PM2.5 and SO2 on FVC and FEV1 impairments (PInteraction < 0.05). These modification effects were stronger among females and older participants. These results can provide policy makers with more comprehensive information for to develop strategies for preventing air pollution induced children's lung function deficits among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Steve Hung Lam Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Namratha Gurram
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuli Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongyao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Boyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China.
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Tashiro H, Cho Y, Kasahara DI, Brand JD, Bry L, Yeliseyev V, Abu-Ali G, Huttenhower C, Shore SA. Microbiota Contribute to Obesity-related Increases in the Pulmonary Response to Ozone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:702-712. [PMID: 31144984 PMCID: PMC6890400 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0144oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, especially nonatopic asthma, and attenuates the efficacy of standard asthma therapeutics. Obesity also augments pulmonary responses to ozone, a nonatopic asthma trigger. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity-related alterations in gut microbiota contribute to these augmented responses to ozone. Ozone-induced increases in airway responsiveness, a canonical feature of asthma, were greater in obese db/db mice than in lean wild-type control mice. Depletion of gut microbiota with a cocktail of antibiotics attenuated obesity-related increases in the response to ozone, indicating a role for microbiota. Moreover, ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was greater in germ-free mice that had been reconstituted with colonic contents of db/db than in wild-type mice. In addition, compared with dietary supplementation with the nonfermentable fiber cellulose, dietary supplementation with the fermentable fiber pectin attenuated obesity-related increases in the pulmonary response to ozone, likely by reducing ozone-induced release of IL-17A. Our data indicate a role for microbiota in obesity-related increases in the response to an asthma trigger and suggest that microbiome-based therapies such as prebiotics may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for obese patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host Microbiome Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Vladimir Yeliseyev
- Massachusetts Host Microbiome Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Galeb Abu-Ali
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cho Y, Osgood RS, Bell LN, Karoly ED, Shore SA. Ozone-induced changes in the serum metabolome: Role of the microbiome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221633. [PMID: 31454377 PMCID: PMC6711505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is an asthma trigger. In mice, the gut microbiome contributes to ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, a defining feature of asthma, but the mechanistic basis for the role of the gut microbiome has not been established. Gut bacteria can affect the function of distal organs by generating metabolites that enter the blood and circulate systemically. We hypothesized that global metabolomic profiling of serum collected from ozone exposed mice could be used to identify metabolites contributing to the role of the microbiome in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Mice were treated for two weeks with a cocktail of antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, and vancomycin) in the drinking water or with control water and then exposed to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 hours). Twenty four hours later, blood was harvested and serum analyzed via liquid-chromatography or gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antibiotic treatment significantly affected 228 of the 562 biochemicals identified, including reductions in the known bacterially-derived metabolites, equol, indole propionate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, confirming the efficacy of the antibiotic treatment. Ozone exposure caused significant changes in 334 metabolites. Importantly, ozone-induced changes in many of these metabolites were different in control and antibiotic-treated mice. For example, most medium and long chain fatty acids declined by 20-50% with ozone exposure in antibiotic-treated but not control mice. Most taurine-conjugated bile acids increased with ozone exposure in antibiotic-treated but not control mice. Ozone also caused marked (9-fold and 5-fold) increases in the polyamines, spermine and spermidine, respectively, in control but not antibiotic-treated mice. Each of these metabolites has the capacity to alter airway responsiveness and may account for the role of the microbiome in pulmonary responses to ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ross S. Osgood
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren N. Bell
- Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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11
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Stevens EL, Rosser F, Forno E, Peden D, Celedón JC. Can the effects of outdoor air pollution on asthma be mitigated? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2016-2018.e1. [PMID: 31029773 PMCID: PMC10838022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Stevens
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - David Peden
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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12
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Mechanistic Basis for Obesity-related Increases in Ozone-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:S357-S362. [PMID: 29161088 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201702-140aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, especially nonallergic asthma. Ozone, a common air pollutant, is a nonallergic asthma trigger. Importantly, ozone-induced decrements in lung function are greater in obese and overweight human subjects than in lean individuals. Obese mice also exhibit exaggerated pulmonary responses to ozone. Ozone causes greater increases in pulmonary resistance, in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, and in airway hyperresponsiveness in obese than in lean mice. Our data indicate that IL-33 plays a role in mediating these events. Ozone causes greater release of IL-33 into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in obese than in lean mice. Furthermore, an antibody blocking the IL-33 receptor, ST2, attenuates ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in obese but not in lean mice. Our data also indicate a complex role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in obesity-related effects on the response to ozone. In obese mice, genetic deficiency in either TNF-α or TNF-α receptor 2 augments ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas TNF-α receptor 2 deficiency virtually abolishes ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in lean mice. Finally, obesity is known to alter the gut microbiome. In female mice, antibiotics attenuate obesity-related increases in the effect of ozone on airway hyperresponsiveness, possibly by altering microbial production of short-chain fatty acids. Asthma control is often difficult to achieve in obese patients with asthma. Our data suggest that therapeutics directed against IL-33 may ultimately prove effective in these patients. The data also suggest that dietary manipulations and other strategies (prebiotics, probiotics) that alter the microbiome and/or its metabolic products may represent a new frontier for treating asthma in obese individuals.
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13
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Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Hutchinson J, Cho Y, Brand JD, Williams AS, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Cuttitta F, Sunday ME, Levy BD, Shore SA. Augmented Responses to Ozone in Obese Mice Require IL-17A and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:341-351. [PMID: 28957638 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone and obesity both increase IL-17A in the lungs. In mice, obesity augments the airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil recruitment induced by acute ozone exposure. Therefore, we examined the role of IL-17A in obesity-related increases in the response to ozone observed in obese mice. Lean wild-type and obese db/db mice were pretreated with IL-17A-blocking or isotype antibodies, exposed to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h), and evaluated 24 hours later. Microarray analysis of lung tissue gene expression was used to examine the mechanistic basis for effects of anti-IL-17A. Compared with lean mice, ozone-exposed obese mice had greater concentrations of BAL IL-17A and greater numbers of pulmonary IL-17A+ cells. Ozone-induced increases in BAL IL-23 and CCL20, cytokines important for IL-17A+ cell recruitment and activation, were also greater in obese mice. Anti-IL-17A treatment reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness toward levels observed in lean mice. Anti-IL-17A treatment also reduced BAL neutrophils in both lean and obese mice, possibly because of reductions in CXCL1. Microarray analysis identified gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (Grpr) among those genes that were both elevated in the lungs of obese mice after ozone exposure and reduced after anti-IL-17A treatment. Furthermore, ozone exposure increased BAL GRP to a greater extent in obese than in lean mice, and GRP-neutralizing antibody treatment reduced obesity-related increases in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil recruitment. Our data indicate that IL-17A contributes to augmented responses to ozone in db/db mice. Furthermore, IL-17A appears to act at least in part by inducing expression of Grpr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts
| | | | - John Hutchinson
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Cuttitta
- 4 Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Mary E Sunday
- 5 Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bruce D Levy
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts
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14
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Wu TD, Brigham EP, Peng R, Koehler K, Rand C, Matsui EC, Diette GB, Hansel NN, McCormack MC. Overweight/obesity enhances associations between secondhand smoke exposure and asthma morbidity in children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:2157-2159.e5. [PMID: 29730453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi David Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Emily P Brigham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Roger Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Cynthia Rand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Gregory B Diette
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Meredith C McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.
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15
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Garantziotis S, Tighe RM. Inflammation Gets on the Lung's Nerves: IL-17 and Neuroendocrine Cells Mediate Ozone Responses in Obesity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:284-285. [PMID: 29493325 PMCID: PMC5854962 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0363ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- 1 Division of Intramural Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and
| | - Robert M Tighe
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Mathews JA, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Bell LN, Gunst PR, Karoly ED, Shore SA. Effect of acute ozone exposure on the lung metabolomes of obese and lean mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181017. [PMID: 28704544 PMCID: PMC5509247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary responses to the air pollutant, ozone, are increased in obesity. Both obesity and ozone cause changes in systemic metabolism. Consequently, we examined the impact of ozone on the lung metabolomes of obese and lean mice. Lean wildtype and obese db/db mice were exposed to acute ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) or air. 24 hours later, the lungs were excised, flushed with PBS to remove blood and analyzed via liquid-chromatography or gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for metabolites. Both obesity and ozone caused changes in the lung metabolome. Of 321 compounds identified, 101 were significantly impacted by obesity in air-exposed mice. These included biochemicals related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were each increased in lungs of obese versus lean mice. These metabolite changes may be of functional importance given the signaling capacity of these moieties. Ozone differentially affected the lung metabolome in obese versus lean mice. For example, almost all phosphocholine-containing lysolipids were significantly reduced in lean mice, but this effect was attenuated in obese mice. Glutathione metabolism was also differentially affected by ozone in obese and lean mice. Finally, the lung metabolome indicated a role for the microbiome in the effects of both obesity and ozone: all measured bacterial/mammalian co-metabolites were significantly affected by obesity and/or ozone. Thus, metabolic derangements in obesity appear to impact the response to ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Andrew Mathews
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Itiro Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren Nicole Bell
- Metabolon Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Philip Ross Gunst
- Metabolon Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Ann Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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17
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Koman PD, Mancuso P. Ozone Exposure, Cardiopulmonary Health, and Obesity: A Substantive Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1384-1395. [PMID: 28574698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From 1999-2014, obesity prevalence increased among adults and youth. Obese individuals may be uniquely susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of ozone because obese humans and animals have been shown to experience a greater decline in lung function than normal-weight subjects. Obesity is independently associated with limitations in lung mechanics with increased ozone dose. However, few epidemiologic studies have examined the interaction between excess weight and ozone exposure among adults. Using PubMed keyword searches and reference lists, we reviewed epidemiologic evidence to identify potential response-modifying factors and determine if obese or overweight adults are at increased risk of ozone-related health effects. We initially identified 170 studies, of which seven studies met the criteria of examining the interaction of excess weight and ozone exposure on cardiopulmonary outcomes in adults, including four short-term ozone exposure studies in controlled laboratory settings and three community epidemiologic studies. In the studies identified, obesity was associated with decreased lung function and increased inflammatory mediators. Results were inconclusive about the effect modification when data were stratified by sex. Obese and overweight populations should be considered as candidate at-risk groups for epidemiologic studies of cardiopulmonary health related to air pollution exposures. Air pollution is a modifiable risk factor that may decrease lung function among obese individuals with implications for environmental and occupational health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Koman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Nutritional Sciences, and §Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Nutritional Sciences, and §Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Lin H, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Di Q, Liu T, Xiao J, Li X, Zeng W, Cummings-Vaughn LA, Howard SW, Vaughn MG, Qian ZM, Ma W, Wu F. Long-Term Effects of Ambient PM 2.5 on Hypertension and Blood Pressure and Attributable Risk Among Older Chinese Adults. Hypertension 2017; 69:806-812. [PMID: 28348017 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has also been hypothesized to be linked to PM2.5 However, epidemiological evidence has been mixed. We examined long-term association between ambient PM2.5 and hypertension and blood pressure. We interviewed 12 665 participants aged 50 years and older and measured their blood pressures. Annual average PM2.5 concentrations were estimated for each community using satellite data. We applied 2-level logistic regression models to examine the associations and estimated hypertension burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 For each 10 μg/m3 increase in ambient PM2.5, the adjusted odds ratio of hypertension was 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.22). Stratified analyses found that overweight and obesity could enhance the association, and consumption of fruit was associated with lower risk. We further estimated that 11.75% (95% confidence interval, 5.82%-18.53%) of the hypertension cases (corresponding to 914, 95% confidence interval, 453-1442 cases) could be attributable to ambient PM2.5 in the study population. Findings suggest that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 might be an important risk factor of hypertension and is responsible for significant hypertension burden in adults in China. A higher consumption of fruit may mitigate, whereas overweight and obesity could enhance this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Lin
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Yanfei Guo
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Yang Zheng
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Qian Di
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Tao Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Xing Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Weilin Zeng
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Lenise A Cummings-Vaughn
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Steven W Howard
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
| | - Fan Wu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (H.L., T.L., J.X., X.L., W.Z., W.M.); Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Y.G., Y.Z., F.W.); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Q.D.); Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO (L.A.C.-V.); and Department of Health Management and Policy (S.W.H.), School of Social Work (M.G.V.), and Department of Epidemiology (Z.M.Q.), College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, MO
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19
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Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Smith D, Umetsu D, Levy BD, Shore SA. IL-33 Drives Augmented Responses to Ozone in Obese Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:246-253. [PMID: 27472835 PMCID: PMC5289908 DOI: 10.1289/ehp272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone increases IL-33 in the lungs, and obesity augments the pulmonary effects of acute ozone exposure. OBJECTIVES We assessed the role of IL-33 in the augmented effects of ozone observed in obese mice. METHODS Lean wildtype and obese db/db mice were pretreated with antibodies blocking the IL-33 receptor, ST2, and then exposed to ozone (2 ppm for 3 hr). Airway responsiveness was assessed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and lung cells harvested for flow cytometry 24 hr later. Effects of ozone were also assessed in obese and lean mice deficient in γδ T cells and their wildtype controls. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ozone caused greater increases in BAL IL-33, neutrophils, and airway responsiveness in obese than lean mice. Anti-ST2 reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in obese mice but had no effect in lean mice. Obesity also augmented ozone-induced increases in BAL CXCL1 and IL-6, and in BAL type 2 cytokines, whereas anti-ST2 treatment reduced these cytokines. In obese mice, ozone increased lung IL-13+ innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and IL-13+ γδ T cells. Ozone increased ST2+ γδ T cells, indicating that these cells can be targets of IL-33, and γδ T cell deficiency reduced obesity-related increases in the response to ozone, including increases in type 2 cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that IL-33 contributes to augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Obesity and ozone also interacted to promote type 2 cytokine production in γδ T cells and ILC2 in the lungs, which may contribute to the observed effects of IL-33. Citation: Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Smith D, Umetsu D, Levy BD, Shore SA. 2017. IL-33 drives augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:246-253; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Mathews
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to J.A. Mathews, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115-6021 USA. Telephone: (617) 432-0989. E-mail:
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Itiro Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Patricia Wurmbrand
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luiza Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale Umetsu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Ann Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Ying Z, Allen K, Zhong J, Chen M, Williams KM, Wagner JG, Lewandowski R, Sun Q, Rajagopalan S, Harkema JR. Subacute inhalation exposure to ozone induces systemic inflammation but not insulin resistance in a diabetic mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:155-63. [PMID: 26986950 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1146808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that diabetics may be more susceptible to the adverse health effects from exposure to high ambient concentrations of ozone, the primary oxidant gas in photochemical smog. While increased morbidity and mortality from ozone inhalation has been linked to disruption of normal cardiovascular and airway functions, potential effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis are not understood. We tested the hypothesis that ozone exposure would worsen metabolic homeostasis in KKAy mice, a genetic diabetic animal model. Male KKAy mice were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for 13 consecutive weekdays, and then assessed for airway, adipose and systemic inflammation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling. Ozone exposure increased plasma TNFα, as well as expression of VCAM-1, iNOS and IL-6 in both pulmonary and adipose tissues. Pro-inflammatory CD11b(+)Gr-1(lo)7/4(hi) macrophages were increased by 200% in adipose tissue, but unchanged in blood. Interestingly, glucose levels were not significantly different in the insulin tolerance test between air- and ozone-exposed mice, whereas fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in ozone-exposed animals were significantly reduced. These changes were accompanied by increased insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and liver, but not adipose tissues. Ozone also caused decrease in body weight and plasma leptin. Our results show that in addition to marked local and systemic inflammation, ozone increases insulin sensitivity that may be related to weight loss/leptin sensitization-dependent mechanisms in KKAy mice, warranting further study on the role of hyperglycemia in mediating cardiometabolic effects of ozone inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekang Ying
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Katryn Allen
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - Jixin Zhong
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Minjie Chen
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Keisha M Williams
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - James G Wagner
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - Ryan Lewandowski
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - Qinghua Sun
- c College of Public Health, Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
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21
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Bennett WD, Ivins S, Alexis NE, Wu J, Bromberg PA, Brar SS, Travlos G, London SJ. Effect of Obesity on Acute Ozone-Induced Changes in Airway Function, Reactivity, and Inflammation in Adult Females. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160030. [PMID: 27513854 PMCID: PMC4981326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed greater ozone-induced lung function decrements in obese than non-obese women. Animal models suggest that obesity enhances ozone-induced airway reactivity and inflammation. In a controlled exposure study, we compared the acute effect of randomized 0.4ppm ozone and air exposures (2 h with intermittent light exercise) in obese (N = 20) (30<BMI<40Kg/m2) vs. non-obese (N = 20) (BMI<25Kg/m2) non-smoking 18–35 year old women. We measured spirometry and bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine (3h post-exposure). Inflammation and obesity markers were assessed in the blood (pre, 4h post, and 20h post exposures) and induced-sputum (4h post-exposures and on 24h pre-exposure training day, no exercise): measures of C reactive protein (CRP) (blood only), leptin (blood only), adiponectin, interleukins IL-6, IL-1b, and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and sputum cell differential cell counts. The pre- to post-exposure decrease in forced vital capacity after ozone (adjusted for the change after air exposure) was significantly greater in the obese group (12.5+/-7.5 vs. 8.0+/-5.8%, p<0.05). Post ozone exposure, 6 obese and 6 non-obese subjects responded to methacholine at ≤ 10mg/ml (the maximum dose); the degree of hyperresponsiveness was similar for the two groups. Both BMI groups showed similar and significant ozone-induced increases in sputum neutrophils. Plasma IL-6 was increased by exercise (4 hr post air exposure vs. pre) only in the obese but returned to pre-air exposure levels at 20hr post-exposure. Plasma IL-6 was significantly increased at 4hr post ozone exposure in both groups and returned to pre-exposure levels by 20h post-exposure. These results confirm our previous findings of greater post-ozone spirometric decrements in obese young women. However, acute ozone-induced airway reactivity to methacholine and airway inflammation did not differ by obesity at the exposure and exercise levels used.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Bennett
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sally Ivins
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jihong Wu
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sukhdev S. Brar
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregory Travlos
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. London
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Dye JA, Ledbetter AD, Schladweiler MC, Costa DL, Kodavanti UP. Whole body plethysmography reveals differential ventilatory responses to ozone in rat models of cardiovascular disease. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27 Suppl 1:14-25. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice A. Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Allen D. Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Daniel L. Costa
- National Program for Air Climate & Energy Research, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
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23
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Modification of the effect of ambient air pollution on pediatric asthma emergency visits: susceptible subpopulations. Epidemiology 2015; 25:843-50. [PMID: 25192402 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children may have differing susceptibility to ambient air pollution concentrations depending on various background characteristics of the children. METHODS Using emergency department (ED) data linked with birth records from Atlanta, Georgia, we identified ED visits for asthma or wheeze among children 2 to 16 years of age from 1 January 2002 through 30 June 2010 (n = 109,758). We stratified by preterm delivery, term low birth weight, maternal race, Medicaid status, maternal education, maternal smoking, delivery method, and history of a bronchiolitis ED visit. Population-weighted daily average concentrations were calculated for 1-hour maximum carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide; 8-hour maximum ozone; and 24-hour average particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter, particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), and the PM2.5 components sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, elemental carbon, and organic carbon, using measurements from stationary monitors. Poisson time-series models were used to estimate rate ratios for associations between 3-day moving average pollutant concentrations and daily ED visit counts and to investigate effect-measure modification by the stratification factors. RESULTS Associations between pollutant concentrations and asthma exacerbations were larger among children born preterm and among children born to African American mothers. Stratification by race and preterm status together suggested that both factors affected susceptibility. The largest estimated effect size (for an interquartile range increase in pollution) was observed for ozone among preterm births to African American mothers: rate ratio = 1.138 (95% confidence interval = 1.077-1.203). In contrast, the rate ratio for the ozone association among full-term births to mothers of other races was 1.025 (0.970-1.083). CONCLUSIONS Results support the hypothesis that children vary in their susceptibility to ambient air pollutants.
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24
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Williams AS, Mathews JA, Kasahara DI, Wurmbrand AP, Chen L, Shore SA. Innate and ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in obese mice: role of TNF-α. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1168-77. [PMID: 25840999 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00393.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and augmented responses to ozone, an asthma trigger, are characteristics of obese mice. Systemic inflammation, a condition of increased circulating concentrations of inflammatory moieties, occurs in obesity. We hypothesized that TNF-α, via its effects as a master effector of this systemic inflammation, regulates innate AHR and augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Therefore, we examined pulmonary inflammation and airway responsiveness in unexposed or ozone-exposed (2 ppm for 3 h) lean wild-type and obese Cpe(fat) mice that were TNF-α sufficient or deficient. Cpe(fat) mice lack carboxypeptidase E, which regulates satiety. Compared with wild type, Cpe(fat) mice had elevated serum IL-17A, G-CSF, KC, MCP-1, IL-9, MIG, and leptin, indicating systemic inflammation. Despite reductions in most of these moieties in TNF-α-deficient vs. -sufficient Cpe(fat) mice, we observed no substantial difference in airway responsiveness in these two groups of mice. Ozone-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils and macrophages were lower, but ozone-induced AHR and increases in BAL hyaluronan, osteopontin, IL-13, and protein carbonyls, a marker of oxidative stress, were augmented in TNF-α-deficient vs. -sufficient Cpe(fat) mice. Our data indicate that TNF-α has an important role in promoting the systemic inflammation but not the innate AHR of obesity, suggesting that the systemic inflammation of obesity is not the major driver of this AHR. TNF-α is required for the augmented effects of acute ozone exposure on pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment in obese mice, whereas TNF-α protects against ozone-induced AHR in obese mice, possibly by suppressing ozone-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Andrew Mathews
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Itiro Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lucas Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Ann Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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McCormack MC, Belli AJ, Kaji DA, Matsui EC, Brigham EP, Peng RD, Sellers C, Williams DL, Diette GB, Breysse PN, Hansel NN. Obesity as a susceptibility factor to indoor particulate matter health effects in COPD. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1248-57. [PMID: 25573407 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00081414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to investigate whether obesity increases susceptibility to the adverse effects of indoor particulate matter on respiratory morbidity among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants with COPD were studied at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg·m(-2). At each time point, indoor air was sampled for 5-7 days and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic size ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 μm (PM2.5-10) was measured. Respiratory symptoms, health status, rescue medication use, exacerbations, blood biomarkers and exhaled nitric oxide were assessed simultaneously. Of the 84 participants enrolled, 56% were obese and all were former smokers with moderate-to-severe COPD. Obese participants tended to have less severe disease as assessed by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease stage and fewer pack-years of smoking. There was evidence that obesity modified the effects of indoor PM on COPD respiratory outcomes. Increases in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were associated with greater increases in nocturnal symptoms, dyspnoea and rescue medication use among obese versus non-obese participants. The impact of indoor PM on exacerbations, respiratory status and wheeze also tended to be greater among obese versus non-obese participants, as were differences in airway and systemic inflammatory responses to indoor PM. We found evidence that obesity was associated with exaggerated responses to indoor fine and coarse PM exposure among individuals with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C McCormack
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Belli
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepak A Kaji
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily P Brigham
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger D Peng
- Dept of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cortlandt Sellers
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D'Ann L Williams
- Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory B Diette
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Body mass index correlates with pollutant-induced interleukin-1β in sputum and blood. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 114:251-3. [PMID: 25524746 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Vinikoor-Imler LC, Owens EO, Nichols JL, Ross M, Brown JS, Sacks JD. Evaluating potential response-modifying factors for associations between ozone and health outcomes: a weight-of-evidence approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1166-76. [PMID: 24927060 PMCID: PMC4216162 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. METHODS Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. DISCUSSION We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects. CONCLUSIONS Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Vinikoor-Imler
- National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Adam M, Schikowski T, Carsin AE, Cai Y, Jacquemin B, Sanchez M, Vierkötter A, Marcon A, Keidel D, Sugiri D, Al Kanani Z, Nadif R, Siroux V, Hardy R, Kuh D, Rochat T, Bridevaux PO, Eeftens M, Tsai MY, Villani S, Phuleria HC, Birk M, Cyrys J, Cirach M, de Nazelle A, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Forsberg B, de Hoogh K, Declerq C, Bono R, Piccioni P, Quass U, Heinrich J, Jarvis D, Pin I, Beelen R, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Schindler C, Sunyer J, Krämer U, Kauffmann F, Hansell AL, Künzli N, Probst-Hensch N. Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:38-50. [PMID: 25193994 PMCID: PMC4318659 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00130014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chronic impact of ambient air pollutants on lung function in adults is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with lung function in adult participants from five cohorts in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Residential exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was modelled and traffic indicators were assessed in a standardised manner. The spirometric parameters forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from 7613 subjects were considered as outcomes. Cohort-specific results were combined using meta-analysis. We did not observe an association of air pollution with longitudinal change in lung function, but we observed that a 10 μg·m−3 increase in NO2 exposure was associated with lower levels of FEV1 (−14.0 mL, 95% CI −25.8 to −2.1) and FVC (−14.9 mL, 95% CI −28.7 to −1.1). An increase of 10 μg·m−3 in PM10, but not other PM metrics (PM2.5, coarse fraction of PM, PM absorbance), was associated with a lower level of FEV1 (−44.6 mL, 95% CI −85.4 to −3.8) and FVC (−59.0 mL, 95% CI −112.3 to −5.6). The associations were particularly strong in obese persons. This study adds to the evidence for an adverse association of ambient air pollution with lung function in adults at very low levels in Europe. The ESCAPE study finds that, even at very low levels, air pollution has adverse effects on lung function in adultshttp://ow.ly/A1ssB
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Adam
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel These authors contributed equally
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf These authors contributed equally
| | - Anne Elie Carsin
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain These authors contributed equally
| | - Yutong Cai
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - Benedicte Jacquemin
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif Univ. Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif
| | - Margaux Sanchez
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif Univ. Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif
| | - Andrea Vierkötter
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel
| | - Dorothee Sugiri
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf
| | - Zaina Al Kanani
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - Rachel Nadif
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif Univ. Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Inserm U823, Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health Team, Grenoble Univ. Joseph Fourier, Grenoble
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC University Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC University Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London
| | - Thierry Rochat
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marloes Eeftens
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Dept of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia, Pavia
| | | | - Matthias Birk
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München and German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München and German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg Environmental Science Center, University Augsburg, Augsburg
| | - Marta Cirach
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Bertil Forsberg
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | | | - Roberto Bono
- Dept of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | - Ulrich Quass
- Air Quality and Sustainable Nanotechnology, IUTA Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V., Duisburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München and German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London Dept of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Inserm U823, Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health Team, Grenoble Univ. Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Pédiatrie, CHU de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Rob Beelen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Steering Committee of ESCAPE Work Package 4 on Respiratory Health in Adults
| | - Ursula Krämer
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf Steering Committee of ESCAPE Work Package 4 on Respiratory Health in Adults
| | - Francine Kauffmann
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif Steering Committee of ESCAPE Work Package 4 on Respiratory Health in Adults
| | - Anna L Hansell
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London Public Health and Primary Care Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Steering Committee of ESCAPE Work Package 4 on Respiratory Health in Adults
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel Steering Committee of ESCAPE Work Package 4 on Respiratory Health in Adults
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University of Basel, Basel Steering Committee of ESCAPE Work Package 4 on Respiratory Health in Adults
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Madden MC, Stevens T, Case M, Schmitt M, Diaz-Sanchez D, Bassett M, Montilla TS, Berntsen J, Devlin RB. Diesel exhaust modulates ozone-induced lung function decrements in healthy human volunteers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:37. [PMID: 25178924 PMCID: PMC4354281 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of combinations of dilute whole diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O₃), each a common component of ambient airborne pollutant mixtures, on lung function were examined. Healthy young human volunteers were exposed for 2 hr to pollutants while exercising (~50 L/min) intermittently on two consecutive days. Day 1 exposures were either to filtered air, DE (300 μg/m³), O₃ (0.300 ppm), or the combination of both pollutants. On Day 2 all exposures were to O₃ (0.300 ppm), and Day 3 served as a followup observation day. Lung function was assessed by spirometry just prior to, immediately after, and up to 4 hr post-exposure on each exposure day. Functional pulmonary responses to the pollutants were also characterized based on stratification by glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) genotype. On Day 1, exposure to air or DE did not change FEV1 or FVC in the subject population (n = 15). The co-exposure to O₃ and DE decreased FEV1 (17.6%) to a greater extent than O₃ alone (9.9%). To test for synergistic exposure effects, i.e., in a greater than additive fashion, FEV1 changes post individual O₃ and DE exposures were summed together and compared to the combined DE and O₃ exposure; the p value was 0.057. On Day 2, subjects who received DE exposure on Day 1 had a larger FEV1 decrement (14.7%) immediately after the O₃ exposure than the individuals' matched response following a Day 1 air exposure (10.9%). GSTM1 genotype did not affect the magnitude of lung function changes in a significant fashion. These data suggest that altered respiratory responses to the combination of O₃ and DE exposure can be observed showing a greater than additive manner. In addition, O₃-induced lung function decrements are greater with a prior exposure to DE compared to a prior exposure to filtered air. Based on the joint occurrence of these pollutants in the ambient environment, the potential exists for interactions in more than an additive fashion affecting lung physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Madden
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
- U.S EPA Human Studies Facility, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7315, USA.
| | - Tina Stevens
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
- Currently ORISE, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Martin Case
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Michael Schmitt
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Maryann Bassett
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Tracey S Montilla
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
| | | | - Robert B Devlin
- EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, 27711, USA.
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Limaye S, Salvi S. Obesity and asthma: the role of environmental pollutants. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:839-55. [PMID: 25282295 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a well-known risk for lung diseases, including asthma. Growing evidences suggesting air pollution as a novel risk factor for the development of obesity. Several Epidemiological studies have ascertained an association between various ambient and indoor air pollutants and obesity by medium of endocrine disruptive chemicals that can disrupt the normal development and homeostatic controls over adipogenesis and energy balance and induce obesity. Several obesity-induced mechanisms have been proposed that increases this vulnerability of obese individuals to harmful effects of air pollution rendering them more susceptible to developing air-pollution driven incident asthma or worsening of already existing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Limaye
- Chest Research Foundation, Marigold Premises, Survey No 15, Vadgaonsheri, Kalyaninagar, Pune 411 014, India.
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Chest Research Foundation, Marigold Premises, Survey No 15, Vadgaonsheri, Kalyaninagar, Pune 411 014, India
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Hoffmeyer F, Sucker K, Monsé C, Berresheim H, Rosenkranz N, Jettkant B, Beine A, Brüning T, Bünger J. Relationship of pulmonary function response to ozone exposure and capsaicin cough sensitivity. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:569-76. [PMID: 23919439 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.812699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Challenge studies in humans have shown considerable interindividual variability in pulmonary impairment across ozone exposure. OBJECTIVE Since previous results suggested effect modulation by neural mechanism, we investigated sensory C-fiber reactivity in relationship to ozone-triggered response pattern. METHODS Cough reflex thresholds reflecting C-fiber sensitivity were evaluated by capsaicin single breath dose-response method. Capsaicin concentrations triggering, respectively, two and five or more coughs (C2, C5) were recorded. Sixteen healthy subjects were randomly exposed in an intermittent exercise protocol to ozone concentrations of 240 and 40 ppb (sham exposure). Ozone responsiveness was defined by a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) of more than 5%. RESULTS Based on a dichotomous classification, subjects with enhanced reactivity to ozone had lower cough thresholds than non-responders (C2, p = 0.035; C5, p = 0.086). Over all, we could demonstrate relationships between capsaicin sensitivity and ozone-triggered changes in FEV(1), peak expiratory flow and maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity but not in specific airway resistance. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that capsaicin challenge tests might be useful to characterize subjects with enhanced pulmonary function response towards inhalant irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hoffmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
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Boulet LP. Asthma and obesity. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:8-21. [PMID: 23278876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of asthma have increased among obese children and adults, particularly among women. Obesity seems to be a predisposing factor for the development of asthma, but the underlying mechanisms of its influence are still uncertain. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the link between obesity and asthma such as a common genetic predisposition, developmental changes, altered lung mechanics, the presence of a systemic inflammatory process, and an increased prevalence of associated comorbid conditions. Over-diagnosis of asthma does not seem to be more frequent in obese compared to non-obese subjects, but the added effects of obesity on respiratory symptoms can affect asthma control assessment. Obesity can make asthma more difficult to control and is associated with a reduced beneficial effect of asthma medications. This could be due to a change in asthma phenotype, particularly evidenced as a less eosinophilic type of airway inflammation combined to the added effects of changes in lung mechanics. Weight loss is associated with a universal improvement of asthma and should be part of asthma management in the obese patient. Additional research should be conducted to better determine how obesity influences the development and clinical expression of asthma, establish the optimal management of asthma in this population and determine how obesity affects long-term asthma outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Boulet
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Williams AS, Mathews JA, Kasahara DI, Chen L, Wurmbrand AP, Si H, Shore SA. Augmented pulmonary responses to acute ozone exposure in obese mice: roles of TNFR2 and IL-13. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:551-7. [PMID: 23434795 PMCID: PMC3673194 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ozone (O(3)) exposure results in greater inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in obese versus lean mice. OBJECTIVES We examined the hypothesis that these augmented responses to O(3) are the result of greater signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) and/or interleukin (IL)-13. METHODS We exposed lean wild-type (WT) and TNFR2-deficient (TNFR2(-/-)) mice, and obese Cpe(fat) and TNFR2-deficient Cpe(fat) mice (Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-)), to O(3) (2 ppm for 3 hr) either with or without treatment with anti-IL-13 or left them unexposed. RESULTS O(3)-induced increases in baseline pulmonary mechanics, airway responsiveness, and cellular inflammation were greater in Cpe(fat) than in WT mice. In lean mice, TNFR2 deficiency ablated O(3)-induced AHR without affecting pulmonary inflammation; whereas in obese mice, TNFR2 deficiency augmented O(3)-induced AHR but reduced inflammatory cell recruitment. O(3) increased pulmonary expression of IL-13 in Cpe(fat) but not WT mice. Flow cytometry analysis of lung cells indicated greater IL-13-expressing CD(4+) cells in Cpe(fat) versus WT mice after O(3) exposure. In Cpe(fat) mice, anti-IL-13 treatment attenuated O(3)-induced increases in pulmonary mechanics and inflammatory cell recruitment, but did not affect AHR. These effects of anti-IL-13 treatment were not observed in Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-) mice. There was no effect of anti-IL-13 treatment in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary responses to O(3) are not just greater, but qualitatively different, in obese versus lean mice. In particular, in obese mice, O(3) induces IL-13 and IL-13 synergizes with TNF via TNFR2 to exacerbate O(3)-induced changes in pulmonary mechanics and inflammatory cell recruitment but not AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Suzanne Williams
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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McDonnell WF, Stewart PW, Smith MV, Kim CS, Schelegle ES. Prediction of lung function response for populations exposed to a wide range of ozone conditions. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 24:619-33. [PMID: 22906168 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.705919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A human exposure-response (E-R) model previously demonstrated to accurately predict population mean FEV₁ response to ozone exposure has been proposed as the foundation for future risk assessments for ambient ozone. OBJECTIVE Fit the original and related models to a larger data set with a wider range of exposure conditions and assess agreement between observed and population mean predicted values. MATERIALS AND METHODS Existing individual E-R data for 23 human controlled ozone exposure studies with a wide range of concentrations, activity levels, and exposure patterns have been obtained. The data were fit to the original model and to a version of the model that contains a threshold below which no response occurs using a statistical program for fitting nonlinear mixed models. RESULTS Mean predicted FEV₁ responses and the predicted proportions of individuals experiencing FEV₁ responses greater than 10, 15, and 20% were found to be in agreement with observed responses across a wide range of exposure conditions for both models. The threshold model, however, provided a better fit to the data than the original, particularly at the lowest levels of exposure. CONCLUSION The models identified in this manuscript predict population FEV₁ response characteristics for 18-35-year-old individuals exposed to ozone over a wide range of conditions and represent a substantial improvement over earlier E-R models. Because of its better fit to the data, particularly at low levels of exposure, the threshold model is likely to provide more accurate estimates of risk in future risk assessments of ozone-induced FEV₁ effects.
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Dong GH, Qian Z, Liu MM, Wang D, Ren WH, Fu Q, Wang J, Simckes M, Ferguson TF, Trevathan E. Obesity enhanced respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution in Chinese children: the Seven Northeastern Cities study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:94-100. [PMID: 22846775 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental data suggest that obesity enhances the effects of ambient air pollutants on exacerbation of asthma; however, there is little supporting epidemiological evidence. The aim of present study is to evaluate whether obesity modifies the association between ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms and asthma in children. METHODS In Northeast China, 30 056 children aged 2-14 years were selected from 25 districts of seven cities. Parents of the children completed questionnaires that characterized the children's histories of respiratory symptoms and illness, and associated risk factors. Overweight and obesity were calculated with an age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI, kg m(-2)), with BMIs of greater than the 85th and 95th percentiles defining overweight and obesity, respectively. Average annual ambient exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen dioxides (NO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) was estimated from data collected at monitoring stations in each of the 25 study districts. RESULTS We observed consistent and significant interactions between exposure and obesity on respiratory symptoms and asthma. The associations between each pollutant's yearly concentrations and respiratory symptoms and asthma were consistently larger for overweight/obese children than for normal-weight children, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.17 per 31 μg m(-3) for PM(10) on wheeze (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.36) to 1.50 per 10 μg m(-3) for NO(2) on phlegm (95% CI: 1.21, 1.87) and cough (95% CI: 1.24, 1.81). CONCLUSION These results showed that overweight/obesity enhanced respiratory health effects of air pollution in the study children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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36
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Kasahara DI, Kim HY, Williams AS, Verbout NG, Tran J, Si H, Wurmbrand AP, Jastrab J, Hug C, Umetsu DT, Shore SA. Pulmonary inflammation induced by subacute ozone is augmented in adiponectin-deficient mice: role of IL-17A. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4558-67. [PMID: 22474022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary responses to ozone, a common air pollutant, are augmented in obese individuals. Adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone that declines in obesity, has regulatory effects on the immune system. To determine the role of adiponectin in the pulmonary inflammation induced by extended (48-72 h) low-dose (0.3 parts per million) exposure to ozone, adiponectin-deficient (Adipo(-/-)) and wild-type mice were exposed to ozone or to room air. In wild-type mice, ozone exposure increased total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) adiponectin. Ozone-induced lung inflammation, including increases in BAL neutrophils, protein (an index of lung injury), IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, LPS-induced CXC chemokine, and G-CSF were augmented in Adipo(-/-) versus wild-type mice. Ozone also increased IL-17A mRNA expression to a greater extent in Adipo(-/-) versus wild-type mice. Moreover, compared with control Ab, anti-IL-17A Ab attenuated ozone-induced increases in BAL neutrophils and G-CSF in Adipo(-/-) but not in wild-type mice, suggesting that IL-17A, by promoting G-CSF release, contributed to augmented neutrophilia in Adipo(-/-) mice. Flow cytometric analysis of lung cells revealed that the number of CD45(+)/F4/80(+)/IL-17A(+) macrophages and γδ T cells expressing IL-17A increased after ozone exposure in wild-type mice and further increased in Adipo(-/-) mice. The IL-17(+) macrophages were CD11c(-) (interstitial macrophages), whereas CD11c(+) macrophages (alveolar macrophages) did not express IL-17A. Taken together, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that adiponectin protects against neutrophil recruitment induced by extended low-dose ozone exposure by inhibiting the induction and/or recruitment of IL-17A in interstitial macrophages and/or γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Kasahara
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sarnat SE, Raysoni AU, Li WW, Holguin F, Johnson BA, Flores Luevano S, Garcia JH, Sarnat JA. Air pollution and acute respiratory response in a panel of asthmatic children along the U.S.-Mexico border. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:437-44. [PMID: 21896396 PMCID: PMC3295334 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding the health impact of urban air pollution on asthmatic children are pronounced along the U.S.-Mexico border because of rapid population growth near busy border highways and roads. OBJECTIVES We conducted the first binational study of the impacts of air pollution on asthmatic children in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, USA, and compared different exposure metrics to assess acute respiratory response. METHODS We recruited 58 asthmatic children from two schools in Ciudad Juarez and two schools in El Paso. A marker of airway inflammation [exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)], respiratory symptom surveys, and pollutant measurements (indoor and outdoor 48-hr size-fractionated particulate matter, 48-hr black carbon, and 96-hr nitrogen dioxide) were collected at each school for 16 weeks. We examined associations between the pollutants and respiratory response using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS We observed small but consistent associations between eNO and numerous pollutant metrics, with estimated increases in eNO ranging from 1% to 3% per interquartile range increase in pollutant concentrations. Effect estimates from models using school-based concentrations were generally stronger than corresponding estimates based on concentrations from ambient air monitors. Both traffic-related and non-traffic-related particles were typically more robust predictors of eNO than was nitrogen dioxide, for which associations were highly sensitive to model specification. Associations differed significantly across the four school-based cohorts, consistent with heterogeneity in pollutant concentrations and cohort characteristics. Models examining respiratory symptoms were consistent with the null. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate adverse effects of air pollution on the subclinical respiratory health of asthmatic children in this region and provide preliminary support for the use of air pollution monitors close to schools to track exposure and potential health risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Bauer AK, Kleeberger SR. Genetic mechanisms of susceptibility to ozone-induced lung disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1203:113-9. [PMID: 20716292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental oxidants remain a major public health concern in industrialized cities throughout the world. Population and epidemiological studies have associated oxidant air pollutants with morbidity and mortality outcomes, and underscore the important detrimental effects of these pollutants on the lung. Interindividual variation in pulmonary responses to air pollutants suggests that some subpopulations are at increased risk to detrimental effects of pollutant exposure, and it has become clear that genetic background is an important susceptibility factor. A number of genetics and genomics tools have recently emerged to enable identification of genes that contribute to differential responsiveness to oxidants, including ozone (O(3)). Integrative omics approaches have been applied in inbred mice to identify genes that determine differential responsiveness to O(3)-induced injury and inflammation, including Tnf, Tlr4, and MHC Class II genes. Combined investigations across cell models, inbred mice, and humans have provided, and will continue to provide, important insight to understanding genetic factors that contribute to differential susceptibility to oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Bauer
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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McDonnell WF, Stewart PW, Smith MV. Prediction of ozone-induced lung function responses in humans. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:160-8. [PMID: 19778178 DOI: 10.3109/08958370903089557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a human exposure-response model, which describes ozone-induced changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) across a wide range of dynamic exposure conditions, to predict responses in independent data. We first conducted an n-fold cross-validation of the model using samples of the original EPA data from which the model was developed. We then identified seven more recently published studies with controlled exposures to a wide range of ozone exposure patterns relevant to the current ambient ozone health standard and used the model to calculate the mean predicted responses for the exposure conditions of the individual studies that we compared to the mean observed responses reported in these studies. The n-fold cross-validation indicated good internal agreement between mean predicted and mean observed responses in the original data used to develop the model. The model accurately captured the patterns of response in each of the seven independent studies with a tendency to overpredict the observed responses by about 1 percentage point of FEV1 decrement on average. We conclude that the model is currently capable of predicting human FEV1 responses across a wide range of dynamic exposure conditions and anticipate further improvements in predictions with the addition of low-concentration exposure data.
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Johnston RA, Zhu M, Hernandez CB, Williams ES, Shore SA. Onset of obesity in carboxypeptidase E-deficient mice and effect on airway responsiveness and pulmonary responses to ozone. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1812-9. [PMID: 20299617 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00784.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When compared with lean, wild-type mice, obese Cpefat mice, 14 wk of age and older, manifest innate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to intravenous methacholine and enhanced pulmonary inflammation following acute exposure to ozone (O3). The purpose of this study was to examine the onset of these augmented pulmonary responses during the onset of obesity. Thus airway responsiveness and O3-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury were examined in 7- and 10-wk-old Cpefat and age-matched, wild-type, C57BL/6 mice. Compared with age-matched controls, 7- and 10-wk-old Cpefat mice were approximately 25 and 61% heavier, respectively. Airway responsiveness to intravenous methacholine was assessed via forced oscillation in unexposed Cpefat and wild-type mice. The 10- but not 7-wk-old Cpefat mice exhibited innate AHR. O3 exposure (2 ppm for 3 h) increased markers of pulmonary inflammation and injury in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all mice. However, most markers were greater in Cpefat vs. wild-type mice, regardless of age. Serum levels of leptin, a satiety hormone and proinflammatory cytokine, were increased in Cpefat vs. wild-type mice of both age groups, but the serum levels of other systemic inflammatory markers were greater only in 10-wk-old Cpefat vs. wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that a 25% increase in body weight is sufficient to augment pulmonary responses to O3, but innate AHR is not manifest until the mice become much heavier. These results suggest that the mechanistic bases for these responses are different and may develop according to the nature and degree of the chronic systemic inflammation that is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Johnston
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, Rm. 311, Boston, MA 02115-6021, USA
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased systemic and airway oxidative stress, which may result from a combination of adipokine imbalance, comorbidities, and reduced antioxidant defenses. While obesity-mediated increased oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, little is known of how it may affect the lung. Contrary to what has previously been thought, the combination of obesity and asthma, both chronic inflammatory diseases, does not necessarily result in a synergistic effect, leading to even greater oxidative stress. However, most available studies have compared the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers on stable asthma patients, and it is possible that the interaction of oxidative stress between obesity and asthma is not readily detectable under basal conditions. We propose that obesity-mediated oxidative stress, which may affect the lung function of asthmatic subjects by increasing airway inflammation and reducing the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids, may become evident during exposure to an aggravating factor or during periods of asthma exacerbation. Understanding whether obesity-mediated oxidative stress has a mechanistic role in the association between obesity and asthma will help in the formation of public health policies and increase our capacity to develop therapeutic interventions that improve the life of obese asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Holguin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3452 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Zhu M, Hug C, Kasahara DI, Johnston RA, Williams AS, Verbout NG, Si H, Jastrab J, Srivastava A, Williams ES, Ranscht B, Shore SA. Impact of adiponectin deficiency on pulmonary responses to acute ozone exposure in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:487-97. [PMID: 19915153 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0086oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese mice have increased responses to acute ozone (O(3)) exposure. T-cadherin is a binding protein for the high-molecular weight isoforms of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory hormone that declines in obesity. The objective of the present study was to determine whether adiponectin affects pulmonary responses to O(3), and whether these effects are mediated through T-cadherin. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and measured pulmonary responsiveness to methacholine after acute air or O(3) exposure (2 ppm for 3 h) in adiponectin-deficient (Adipo(-/-)) or T-cadherin-deficient (T-Cad(-/-)) mice. O(3) increased pulmonary responses to methacholine and increased BAL neutrophils and protein to a greater extent in wild-type than in Adipo(-/-) mice, whereas T-cadherin deficiency had no effect. O(3)-induced increases in BAL IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), which contribute to O(3)-induced pulmonary neutrophilia, were also greater in wild-type than in Adipo(-/-) mice. In contrast, responses to O(3) were not altered by transgenic overexpression of adiponectin. To determine which adiponectin isoforms are present in the lung, Western blotting was performed. The hexameric isoform of adiponectin dominated in serum, whereas BAL was dominated by the high-molecular weight isoform of adiponectin. Interestingly, serum adiponectin was greater in T-Cad(-/-) versus wild-type mice, whereas BAL adiponectin was lower in T-Cad(-/-) versus wild-type mice, suggesting that T-cadherin may be important for transit of high-molecular weight adiponectin from the blood to the lung. Our results indicate that adiponectin deficiency inhibits pulmonary inflammation induced by acute O(3) exposure, and that T-cadherin does not mediate the effects of adiponectin responsible for these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Less recognized is the fact that obesity may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases through mechanisms that may involve proinflammatory mediators produced in adipose tissue that contribute to a low-grade state of systemic inflammation. In animal models, inflammatory responses in the lung have been shown to influence the production of the adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, cytokines, acute phase proteins, and other mediators produced by adipose tissue that may participate in immune responses of the lung. An increased adipose tissue mass may also influence susceptibility to pulmonary infections, enhance pulmonary inflammation associated with environmental exposures, and exacerbate airway obstruction in preexisting lung disease. An increased understanding of the mechanisms by which obesity influences pulmonary inflammation may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mancuso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SPH IA Tower, 109 S. Observatory St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Shore SA, Lang JE, Kasahara DI, Lu FL, Verbout NG, Si H, Williams ES, Terry RD, Lee A, Johnston RA. Pulmonary responses to subacute ozone exposure in obese vs. lean mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:1445-52. [PMID: 19745193 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00456.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity affects pulmonary responses following a 3-day ozone exposure. Obese db/db and lean wild-type mice were exposed to ozone (0.3 ppm) for 72 h. In wild-type mice, ozone exposure caused pulmonary injury and inflammation, and these events were associated with reduced pulmonary compliance. In db/db mice, ozone-induced neutrophil recruitment to the lung was reduced and no reduction in compliance was observed. Similar results were obtained in obese Cpe(fat) mice, indicating that loss of leptin signaling in db/db mice does not account for these obesity-related changes. To examine the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in this obesity-related difference in ozone responsiveness, wild-type and IL-6-deficient mice were raised on 10% or 60% fat diets. Compared with 10% fat-fed mice, wild-type 60% fat-fed mice were obese and had reduced neutrophil recruitment following ozone. IL-6 deficiency reduced ozone-induced neutrophil recruitment in 10% fat-fed mice. In contrast, in obese mice, no effect of IL-6 deficiency on neutrophil recruitment was observed. Obesity-related differences in the effect of ozone on compliance were observed in both wild-type and IL-6-deficient mice. Obesity-related differences in serum IL-6 were observed and may account for obesity-related differences in the effect of IL-6 deficiency on neutrophil recruitment. In summary, the neutrophilic inflammation induced by prolonged low level ozone exposure was attenuated in obese mice and appeared to result from an absence of IL-6-dependent neutrophil recruitment in the obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Shore
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept. of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115-6021, USA.
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Brown JS. Acute effects of exposure to ozone in humans: how low can levels be and still produce effects? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:200-1. [PMID: 19633155 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200906-0834ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Shore SA, Williams ES, Zhu M. No effect of metformin on the innate airway hyperresponsiveness and increased responses to ozone observed in obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:1127-33. [PMID: 18703763 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00117.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that obese db/db mice exhibit innate airway hyperresponsiveness. These mice also have enhanced inflammatory responses to ozone, a common air pollutant that exacerbates asthma. Since db/db mice are diabetic as well as obese, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether metformin, an antihyperglycemic agent, alters the pulmonary phenotype of db/db mice. Lean wild-type (C57BL/6J) and obese db/db mice were treated by gavage with water or metformin (300 microg/g) once a day for 2 wk. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, in mice of both genotypes, we either measured airway responsiveness to methacholine by forced oscillation, or we exposed the mice to ozone (2 parts per million for 3 h) and examined the ensuing inflammatory response. Compared with water, treatment with metformin caused a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose in obese mice. Airway responsiveness was increased in db/db versus wild-type mice, but metformin did not affect responsiveness in either group. Four hours after exposure to ozone, there was a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils and chemokines in mice of both genotypes, but the magnitude of these changes was greater in db/db than wild-type mice. Metformin did not affect ozone-induced inflammation in mice of either genotype. The results indicate that hyperglycemia is unlikely to account for the pulmonary phenotype of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Shore
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Shore SA. Obesity and asthma: possible mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:1087-93; quiz 1094-5. [PMID: 18405959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data indicate that obesity increases the prevalence and incidence of asthma and reduces asthma control. Obese mice exhibit innate airway hyperresponsiveness and augmented responses to certain asthma triggers, further supporting a relationship between obesity and asthma. Here I discuss several mechanisms that may explain this relationship. In obesity, lung volume and tidal volume are reduced, events that promote airway narrowing. Obesity also leads to a state of low-grade systemic inflammation that may act on the lung to exacerbate asthma. Obesity-related changes in adipose-derived hormones, including leptin and adiponectin, may participate in these events. Comorbidities of obesity, such as dyslipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux, sleep-disordered breathing, type 2 diabetes, or hypertension may provoke or worsen asthma. Finally, obesity and asthma may share a common etiology, such as common genetics, common in utero conditions, or common predisposing dietary factors. Novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of the obese patient with asthma may result from an increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Shore
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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