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Streb AR, Vieira CG, Leonel LDS, Bertuol C, Tozetto WR, Benedet J, Del Duca GF. Effects of linear periodized and non-periodized combined training on body image perception of adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Rehabil 2024; 38:910-919. [PMID: 38693767 DOI: 10.1177/02692155241249670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined training on body image perception and body dissatisfaction in adults with obesity. DESIGN A randomized clinical trial on the effect of two types of combined training periodization was carried out on people with grade I and II obesity. SETTING Participants were allocated into three groups: non-periodized periodization group, linear periodization group, and control group, with 23 participants in each. SUBJECTS Adults with obesity, with a body mass index between 30 kg/m² and 40 kg/m². INTERVENTIONS The intervention lasted 16 weeks (separated into three mesocycles of 4 weeks and 1 week of familiarization), in 3 weekly sessions of 1 hour each, composed of aerobic (30 min) and muscle strength exercises (six exercises) in the same session. The group with non-periodized model maintained uniform intensity, volume, and workload throughout the mesocycles. The group with the linear periodization model started with low initial intensity, subsequently introducing a gradual increase of intensity in the mesocycles. MAIN MEASURES Body image perception (current and ideal silhouette) and body dissatisfaction were assessed using the Stunkard silhouette scale. RESULTS The perception of the current silhouette increased only in the control group (Δ = 1.16; p = 0.04). There was a significant reduction in the ideal silhouette over time (p = 0.001), especially in non-periodized group (Δ = -1.26). Body dissatisfaction increased significantly only over time (p = 0.001), especially for control group (Δ = 1.47). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of periodization, combined training effectively maintained the perception of the current silhouette and reduced the ideal silhouette in adults with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c7rt3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carolina Graef Vieira
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dos Santos Leonel
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cecília Bertuol
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Willen Remon Tozetto
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jucemar Benedet
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Bond DS, Heinberg LJ, Crosby RD, Laam L, Mitchell JE, Schumacher LM, Gunstad J, Steffen KJ. Associations Between Changes in Activity and Dietary Behaviors after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2023; 33:3062-3068. [PMID: 37312009 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are advised to make healthy activity and dietary changes. While previous research has examined post-surgical changes in activity and dietary behaviors separately, no study has assessed whether changes in these behaviors are beneficially associated with each other. We evaluated whether post-surgical improvements in activity behaviors related to favorable changes in dietary behaviors overall and by surgery type (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB], sleeve gastrectomy [SG]). METHODS At pre-surgery and 6- and 12-months post-surgery, participants (N = 97; 67 RYGB/30 SG) wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed 24-h dietary assessments on 3 days. General linear models assessed associations between pre- to post-surgical changes in activity (moderate-to-vigorous physical intensity activity [MVPA], sedentary time [ST]) and dietary (total energy intake [EI; kcal/day], dietary quality [healthy eating index/HEI scores]) behaviors, with surgery type as a moderator. RESULTS Participants on average: demonstrated small, non-significant post-surgical changes in MVPA and ST minutes/day (ps > .05); and reported significant post-surgical decreases in EI (p < .001), but no changes in HEI scores (ps > .25). Greater 12-month post-surgical increases in MVPA were significantly associated with greater decreases in EI, but only for RYGB participants (p < .001). DISCUSSION Participants reported large decreases in EI, but made minimal changes in other behaviors after MBS. Results suggest greater increases in MVPA could assist with achieving greater decreases in EI, although this benefit appears to be limited to RYGB patients. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether activity-dietary behavior associations differ beyond the immediate post-surgical year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Bond
- Departments of Surgery and Research, Hartford Hospital/HealthCare, 80 Seymour Street, Harford, CT, 06102, USA.
| | - Leslie J Heinberg
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Leslie Laam
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - James E Mitchell
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Leah M Schumacher
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Kristine J Steffen
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Lyu J, Wan Z, Liu Z, Zhou S, Feng X, Gao A, Lin Y, Zhang F, Wang H. Effect of a Multifaceted Intervention on Children's Body Image and the Mediating Role of Body Image in Changes in Adiposity Indicators. Nutrients 2023; 15:3951. [PMID: 37764735 PMCID: PMC10534561 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides genetic factors and energy-related behaviors, psycho-cultural factors are also important in obesity etiology. Previous studies have suggested that improving body image might be an effective method for managing body weight. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a multifaceted intervention on the body image of children and explore whether body image played a mediating role in changes in adiposity indicators. This study was embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial, involving 1287 children from 24 primary schools in three cities in China (Beijing, Changzhi and Urumqi). The 9-month multifaceted intervention on childhood obesity included five components (three targeted children and two targeted environments), and randomization was performed by an independent person who was blinded to the schools. Two indicators (body size perception and body size expectation) were chosen to characterize body image and were measured by Ma figural stimuli at baseline and the end of the trial. Changes in body image indicators were classified as conducive to weight loss or not. Other anthropometric measures and self-reported behaviors were also collected at both time points. Generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses. Compared to the controls (n = 648), the proportion of body size perception conducive to weight loss increased in the intervention group (n = 639), with an odds ratio of 2.42 (95%CI: 1.70~3.45, p < 0.001). The proportion of body size expectation conducive to weight loss also increased more in the intervention group than in the controls (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.14~2.66, p = 0.010). In children whose baseline nutritional status was "normal weight with higher BMI" or "overweight/obese", the improvements in body size perception and body size expectation partly mediated the association between the intervention and changes in BMI, BMI Z score, waist circumference and body fat percentage (p < 0.05). This multifaceted study effectively improved the body image of children, which, in turn, led to beneficial changes in adiposity indicators. For the first time, body size perception and body size expectation have been confirmed to be important factors associated with the beneficial effect of a childhood obesity intervention, suggesting that body image components should be generalized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlang Lyu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zhongshang Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | | | - Aiyu Gao
- Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing 236499, China;
| | - Yi Lin
- Urumqi Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Urumqi 830003, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Mentougou Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing 102300, China;
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Weifang 261000, China
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Gerber S, Folta SC. You Are What You Eat… But Do You Eat What You Are? The Role of Identity in Eating Behaviors—A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173456. [PMID: 36079713 PMCID: PMC9458161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identity is a major construct in the fields of psychology and anthropology that can relate to both the maintenance of eating behaviors and cultural sensitivity. However, there has not been any systematic effort to understand the role of identity in eating behaviors and the maintenance of eating behaviors, or to address multiple aspects of identity within an individual across scientific disciplines. This scoping review aims to understand and describe existing research relating identity to eating behaviors and to detail the measurement of identity. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Ovid, PsychINFO, Embase, and Web of Science for articles on identity and eating behaviors published between January 1946 and March 2022. We utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, and search methods were developed with the assistance of a research librarian. We rated articles from 1 to 5 based on the depth, complexity, and multi-dimensionality of the identity measurement conducted. Scoring criteria included a review of the number of items directly querying or evaluating identity and the extent of measurement of identity domains. Results: In total, 100 articles were included, examining 10 different identities, 8 identity constructs, 11 eating behaviors, and construct contributions from 26 theories. The mean score of all articles was 2.9 on the scale from 1 to 5. A total of 10 studies scored a “1”; 30 scored a “2”, indicating the use of 1–2 basic questions about identity; 31 received a “3” for use of a common but non-complex identity instrument; 19 received a “4”, meaning they contained strong evaluation and included multiple types of identity but were lacking in terms of depth of measure and/or the comparison of identity effects to constructs; and 10 scored a “5” for their strong, in-depth measure of identity and inclusion of multiple types. Identity was found to be significantly related to eating behaviors in all but one study. Conclusion: Identity measurements seldom accounted for complexities such as multiple identities and identity shifting over time. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that multiple aspects of identity reciprocally reinforce behavior and that change maintenance is associated with identity salience and centrality. Identity is underutilized and heterogeneously applied in eating behavior research. The inclusion of identity assessments may lead to better outcomes being obtained within differing cultural, normative, and environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah Gerber
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Betty and Guy Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Medical System, Falls Church, VA 22043, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara C. Folta
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Depression and obesity among females, are sex specificities considered? Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:851-866. [PMID: 33880649 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the relationship of obesity-depression in the female sex. We carried out a systematic search (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase) to quantify the articles (controlled trials and randomized controlled trials) regarding obesity and depression on a female population or a mixed sample. Successively, we established whether the sex specificities were studied by the authors and if they reported on collecting data regarding factors that may contribute to the evolution of obesity and depression and that could be responsible for the greater susceptibility of females to those conditions. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found a total of 20 articles with a female sample and 54 articles with a mixed sample. More than half of all articles (51.35%, n = 38) evaluated the relationship between depression and obesity, but only 20 (27.03%) evaluated this relationship among females; still, 80% of those (n = 16) presented supporting results. However, few articles considered confounding factors related to female hormones (12.16%, n = 9) and none of the articles focused on factors responsible for the binomial obesity-depression in the female sex. The resulting articles also supported that depression (and related impairments) influencing obesity (and related impairments) is a two-way road. This systematic review supports the concurrency of obesity-depression in females but also shows how sex specificities are ultimately under-investigated. Female sex specificity is not being actively considered when studying the binomial obesity-depression, even within a female sample. Future studies should focus on trying to understand how the female sex and normal hormonal variations influence these conditions.
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Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Hendrikse J, Sabiston CM, Stubbs B. Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:525-539. [PMID: 31586447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Fastenau J, Kolotkin RL, Fujioka K, Alba M, Canovatchel W, Traina S. A call to action to inform patient-centred approaches to obesity management: Development of a disease-illness model. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12309. [PMID: 30977293 PMCID: PMC6594134 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centred care is an essential component of high-quality health care, shown to improve clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, and reduce costs. While there are several authoritative models of obesity pathophysiology and treatment algorithms, a truly patient-centred model is lacking. We describe the development of a patient-centric obesity model. A disease-illness framework was selected because it emphasizes each patient's unique experience while capturing biomedical aspects of the disease. Model input was obtained from an accumulation of research including contributions from experts in obesity and patient-reported outcomes, qualitative research with adults living in the United States, and two targeted literature searches. The model places the patient with obesity at its core and links pathologic imbalances of energy intake and expenditure to environmental, sociodemographic, psychological, behavioural, physiological and medical health determinants. It highlights relationships between obesity signs and symptoms, comorbid conditions, impacts on health-related quality of life, and some barriers to obesity management that must be considered to attain better outcomes. Providers need to evaluate patients holistically, understand what changes each patient is motivated to make, and recognize what challenges might impede weight reduction, improvements in comorbid conditions, signs and symptoms, and health-related quality of life before pursuing individualized treatment goals. Patients living with obesity who do lose weight perceive benefits beyond weight loss. Ideally, this model will increase awareness of the complex, heterogeneous impacts of obesity on patients' well-being and recognition of obesity as a chronic disease, and prompt a call to action among stakeholders to improve quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Fastenau
- Janssen Research & Development, LLCRaritanNew Jersey
| | - Ronette L. Kolotkin
- Quality of Life Consulting, PLLCDurhamNorth Carolina
- Department of Family Medicine and Community HealthDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
- Faculty of Health and Social SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesFørdeNorway
- Centre of Health ResearchFørde Hospital TrustFørdeNorway
- Morbid Obesity CentreVestfold Hospital TrustTønsbergNorway
| | - Ken Fujioka
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrineScripps ClinicSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Maria Alba
- Janssen Research & Development, LLCRaritanNew Jersey
| | | | - Shana Traina
- Janssen Research & Development, LLCRaritanNew Jersey
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García Sandoval JR, Caracuel JC, Cocca A, Cocca M, Ceballos Gurrola O. Relation Between Body Mass Index and Body Image in Spanish and Mexican Adolescents. Behav Med 2018; 44:280-288. [PMID: 28535140 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2017.1332303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to study the relation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and body image in adolescents from two different social environments in Spain and Mexico, and to compare the construction of an appropriate body scheme in youth from these two countries. The majority of participants were found to be in the normal weight category of BMI. No significant differences were found in BMI or body image comparing Mexican and Spanish adolescents. Regardless of the country of origin, youth belonging to the weight deficit category of BMI overestimated their body shape, whereas those pertaining to overweight and obesity categories underestimated it. Both over- and underestimating own body shape imply higher risk to suffer from behavioral and psychological distresses, such as eating disorders. Further research is recommended in order to analyze the social, educational, and emotional patterns related to this occurrence and to improve their quality of life.
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SantaBarbara NJ, Whitworth JW, Ciccolo JT. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Resistance Training on Body Image. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:2880-2888. [PMID: 28723817 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and appraise the literature that has specifically tested the independent effects of resistance training (i.e., weightlifting) on body image in adults. A comprehensive search of electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, and Web of Science for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals through December 2016 was conducted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria were that a study had to be (a) written in English, (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal, (c) conducted an assessment of body image using a validated scale before and after a stand-alone resistance training intervention (i.e., not coupled with another mode of treatment), and (d) excluded participants younger than 18 years. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 7,324 studies were identified, and 11 were included in this review. The majority (8 of 11) of studies concluded that resistance training can significantly improve multiple dimensions of body image, including body satisfaction, appearance evaluation, and social physique anxiety; however, only 3 studies were considered high quality based on their PEDro score, and several methodological limitations exist. Overall, resistance training seems to have the potential to improve body image in adults, but future high-quality studies with more rigorous testing methods and study designs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J SantaBarbara
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Annesi JJ. Mediation of the relationship of behavioural treatment type and changes in psychological predictors of healthy eating by body satisfaction changes in women with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Sandoval L, Pierce A, Davis S, Feldman S. Improved psoriasis with weight loss: the role of behavioural factors. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:826-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.F. Sandoval
- Department of Dermatology; Center for Dermatology Research; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem NC 27157-1071 U.S.A
| | - A. Pierce
- Department of Dermatology; Center for Dermatology Research; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem NC 27157-1071 U.S.A
| | - S.A. Davis
- Department of Dermatology; Center for Dermatology Research; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem NC 27157-1071 U.S.A
| | - S.R. Feldman
- Department of Dermatology; Center for Dermatology Research; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem NC 27157-1071 U.S.A
- Department of Pathology; Center for Dermatology Research; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem NC 27157-1071 U.S.A
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Center for Dermatology Research; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard; Winston-Salem NC 27157-1071 U.S.A
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