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Deng H, Zheng S, Li Y, Mo X, Zhao J, Luo Q, Yin J, Shi C, Wang Q, Wang Y. Isolation and identification of hybrid snakehead rhabdovirus (HSHRV) and its immune response in the hybrid Snakehead((male Channa argus × female Channa maculata). Microb Pathog 2024; 196:106983. [PMID: 39332542 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid snakehead is an emerging aquaculture species obtained from the mating of Channa argus (♂) and Channa maculate (♀). It has the advantages of fast growth and strong disease resistance. Viral diseases caused by hybrid snakehead rhabdovirus (HSHRV) critically affect the hybrid snakehead industry. We isolated and identified a highly virulent strain of HSHRV from a naturally occurring hybrid snakehead, namely HSHRV-GZ22. It showed clinical signs of sinking, superficial blackening, spinning, acute internal congestion, and hemorrhage, along with blackening and enlargement of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Histopathological analysis showed multiple tissue lesions in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, characterized mainly by massive inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial hemorrhage, and partial cell necrosis. Pathogen analysis identified the virus as HSHRV. Immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) with HSHRV-specific antibodies confirmed the virus and electron microscopic observation showed that the bullet-like virus particles had a size of approximately 150 nm. The replication efficiency of HSHRV was 107.33 TCID50/mL. The glycoproteins of the isolates were cloned and sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The HSHRV-GZ22 isolates clustered into a single branch with the reported HSHRV-C1207, and it had a high degree of homology with Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). HSHRV-GZ22 was regressively infected, clinical and pathological symptoms were similar to naturally occurring fish, with a fatality rate of about 85 %. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the viral replication in different tissues of hybrid snakehead, and the viral copies were found to be highly expressed in the liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine. HSHRV-GZ22 activated the antiviral immune pathway in hybrid snakeheads during infection, and the expressions of IgM, IRF7, ISG12, and IFNγ were significantly altered. In this study, we isolated a strong virulent strain of HSHRV and characterized it; in addition, it provided insights into the pathogenesis of HSHRV and immune response in hybrid snakehead, while also advancing the methods for diagnosing and preventing diseases caused by HSHRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China; Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, Guangdong, 528100, China.
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510380, China.
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin MS, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Bron J, Olesen NJ, Sindre H, Stone D, Vendramin N, Antoniou SE, Karagianni AE, Broglia A, Papanikolaou A, Bicout DJ. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) 2016/429): Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC). EFSA J 2023; 21:e08324. [PMID: 37908451 PMCID: PMC10613943 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC) was assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular the criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to SVC. The assessment was performed following the ad hoc method for data collection and assessment previously developed by the AHAW panel and already published. The outcome reported is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with an uncertain outcome. According to the assessment performed here, it is uncertain whether SVC can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (45-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that SVC does not meet the criteria in Section 1 (Category A; 5-33% probability of meeting the criteria) and it is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Categories B, C, D and E; 33-66%, 10-66%, 45-90% and 45-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for SVC according to Article 8 criteria are provided.
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First Isolation of a Herpesvirus (Family Alloherpesviridae) from Great Lakes Lake Sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233230. [PMID: 36496751 PMCID: PMC9740441 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens; LST) is the only native sturgeon species in the Great Lakes (GL), but due to multiple factors, their current populations are estimated to be <1% of historical abundances. Little is known about infectious diseases affecting GL-LST in hatchery and wild settings. Therefore, a two-year disease surveillance study was undertaken, resulting in the detection and first in vitro isolation of a herpesvirus from grossly apparent cutaneous lesions in wild adult LST inhabiting two GL watersheds (Erie and Huron). Histological and ultrastructural examination of lesions revealed proliferative epidermitis associated with herpesvirus-like virions. A virus with identical ultrastructural characteristics was recovered from cells inoculated with lesion tissues. Partial DNA polymerase gene sequencing placed the virus within the Family Alloherpesviridae, with high similarity to a lake sturgeon herpesvirus (LSHV) from Wisconsin, USA. Genomic comparisons revealed ~84% Average Nucleotide Identity between the two isolates, leading to the proposed classification of LSHV-1 (Wisconsin) and LSHV-2 (Michigan) for the two viruses. When naïve juvenile LST were immersion-exposed to LSHV-2, severe disease and ~33% mortality occurred, with virus re-isolated from representative skin lesions, fulfilling Rivers’ postulates. Results collectively show LSHV-2 is associated with epithelial changes in wild adult LST, disease and mortality in juvenile LST, and is a potential threat to GL-LST conservation.
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Emmenegger EJ, Bueren EK, Jia P, Hendrix N, Liu H. Comparative virulence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) genotypes in two koi varieties. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 148:95-112. [PMID: 35297379 DOI: 10.3354/dao03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), is a lethal freshwater pathogen of cyprinid fish, and Cyprinus carpio koi is a primary host species. The virus was initially described in the 1960s after outbreaks occurred in Europe, but a global expansion of SVCV has been ongoing since the late 1990s. Genetic typing of SVCV isolates separates them into 4 genotypes that are correlated with geographic origin: Ia (Asia), Ib and Ic (Eastern Europe), and Id (Central Europe). We compared infectivity and virulence of 8 SVCV strains, including 4 uncharacterized Chinese Ia isolates and representatives of genotypes Ia-d in 2 morphologically distinct varieties of koi: long-fin semi-scaled Beni Kikokuryu koi and short-fin fully scaled Sanke koi. Mortality ranged from 4 to 82% in the Beni Kikokuryu koi and 0 to 94% in the Sanke koi following immersion challenge. Genotype Ia isolates of Asian origin had a wide range in virulence (0-94%). Single isolates representing the European genotypes Ib and Ic were moderately virulent (38-56%). Each virus strain produced similar levels of mortality in both koi breeds, with the exception of the SVCV Id strain that appeared to have both moderate and high virulence phenotypes (60% in Beni Kikokuryu koi vs. 87% in Sanke koi). Overall SVCV strain virulence appeared to be a dominant factor in determining disease outcomes, whereas intraspecies variation, based on koi variety, had less of an impact. This study is the first side-by-side comparison of Chinese SVCV isolates and genotype Ia-d strain virulence in a highly susceptible host.
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Zheng YY, Zhang C, Li Y, Zhang PQ, Chen G, Wang GX, Zhu B. Immersion immunization of common carp with bacterial ghost-based DNA vaccine inducing prophylactic protective immunity against spring viraemia of carp virus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:2021-2029. [PMID: 34431113 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The interactive applications of immunization route, vaccine type and delivery vectors are emerging as a key area of research within the field of mass immunization in fishery production. In an effort to improve DNA vaccine's immune efficiency in large-scale immunization, a promising bacterial ghost-loaded DNA vaccine was constructed based on Escherichia coli DH5α. In common carp was investigated the immune response to immersion immunization via related indicator analysis, and the challenge test of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) was carried out. The result indicated that BG-loaded DNA vaccine induced higher serum antibody level than naked pEG-G. Simultaneously, the immunophysiological indicators and genes change at the more advanced levels in the BG/pEG-G immune group. At the treatment concentration of 20 mg/L of the BG/pEG-G group, IgM and IgZ expressions in vivo were markedly increased by 21.62 times and 6.91 times, respectively, and the relative percentage survival reached the peak of 59.57%. This study paves the way for future aquatic animal vaccine research, which aimed to develop the highly effective immersion vaccine system by delivery vectors, with the ultimate aim to prevent and restrict SVCV in actual production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng-Qi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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Zhang C, Zheng YY, Gong YM, Zhao Z, Guo ZR, Jia YJ, Wang GX, Zhu B. Evaluation of immune response and protection against spring viremia of carp virus induced by a single-walled carbon nanotubes-based immersion DNA vaccine. Virology 2019; 537:216-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhu B, Zhang C, Yang B, Guo ZR, Zheng YY, Gong YM, Wang GX. Preliminary screening and immunogenicity analysis of antigenic epitopes of spring viremia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:833-841. [PMID: 31580936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein (G) is the most common gene used in SVCV vaccine constructions. To identify the major immunogenicity determinant region of SVCV G gene, herein we truncated G gene to 4 parts (G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4). Bioinformatics and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to identify the antigenicity of these 4 truncated G proteins. Immunological assays (serum antibody production, enzyme activity, immune genes expression and challenge test) were carried out to further identify the immunogenicity of the screened G protein in common carp. Moreover, to further verify the immune response of the screened G protein-based subunit vaccine, its protective effects on common carp against SVCV infection using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a carrier were evaluated. Results showed that G-3 protein could induce higher antibody titer than other truncated G proteins. Furthermore, carps vaccinated with G-3 and G (positive control) showed significant enhancement of immune response (serum antibody production, enzyme activity and immune related genes expression) when compared with control groups. Meanwhile, as a promising vaccine carrier, SWCNTs could significantly enhance the immune effect of naked subunit vaccine (G-3 and G). Notably, after SVCV challenge, there was no significant difference in immune protection between G-3 and G, nor between SWCNTs-G-3 and SWCNTs-G. These results so far suggest G-3 might be the potential antigen epitope of SVCV. This study lays a foundation for developing vaccine and immunodiagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ben Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zi-Rao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Ming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Gong XY, Zhang QM, Gui JF, Zhang YB. SVCV infection triggers fish IFN response through RLR signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1058-1063. [PMID: 30593899 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, virus infection of host cells triggers innate immune response, characterized by induction of interferon (IFN) and downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The initiation of IFN antiviral response is dependent on host recognition of virus infection. In fish, similar IFN antiviral response is induced in response to RNA or DNA virus infection; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying recognition of a given virus and activation of downstream signaling remain largely unexplored. Using an infection model with Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), a negative sense single-stranded RNA virus, we reported that fish RLR signaling pathway was involved in SVCV-triggered fish IFN response. IFN response was significantly initiated in EPC cells when infected with SVCV, as evidenced by activation of fish IFN promoters, upregulation of IFN and ISGs at mRNA and protein levels. However, function blockade of RIG-I and MDA5, two cytosolic receptors of fish RLR family, significantly attenuated the activation of fish IFN promoters and also the induction of fish IFN and ISGs by SVCV infection. Consistently, SVCV infection-triggered IFN response were blocked in EPC cells when transfected with the dominant negative mutants of pivotal RLR signaling factors, including MAVS, MITA, TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7. These results together shed light on the conservation of RLR-mediated IFN signaling that contributes to fish cells responding to RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ying Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Qi-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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Boonthai T, Loch TP, Zhang Q, Van Deuren MG, Faisal M, Whelan GE, Herbst SJ. Retail Baitfish in Michigan Harbor Serious Fish Viral Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:253-263. [PMID: 30315600 PMCID: PMC7159410 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous small cyprinid fish species play an important role in Great Lakes ecosystems and also comprise the backbone of a multimillion-dollar baitfish industry. Due to their widespread use in sport fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes, there are increasing concerns that baitfish may introduce or disseminate fish pathogens. In this study, we evaluated whether baitfish purchased from 78 randomly selected retail bait dealers in Michigan harbored fish viruses. Between September 2015 and June 2016, 5,400 baitfish divided into 90 lots of 60 fish were purchased. Fish were tested for the presence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), golden shiner reovirus (GSRV), fathead minnow nidovirus (FHMNV), fathead minnow picornavirus (FHMPV), and white sucker bunyavirus (WSBV). Using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line and molecular confirmation, we demonstrated the presence of viruses in 18 of the 90 fish lots (20.0%) analyzed. The most prevalent virus was FHMNV, being detected in 6 of 30 lots of Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas and 3 of 42 lots of Emerald Shiners Notropis atherinoides. We also confirmed GSRV in two fish species: the Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas (5 of 11 lots) and Fathead Minnow (3 of 30 lots). Two VHSV (genotype IVb) isolates were recovered from a single lot of Emerald Shiners. No SVCV, FHMPV, or WSBV was detected in any of the fish examined. Some of the infected fish exhibited clinical signs and histopathological alterations. This study demonstrates that live baitfish are a potential vector for the spread of viral pathogens and underscores the importance of fish health certifications for the Great Lakes baitfish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traimat Boonthai
- Aquatic Animal Health LaboratoryDepartment of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State University1129 Farm Lane, Room 177KEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Thomas P. Loch
- Aquatic Animal Health LaboratoryDepartment of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State University1129 Farm Lane, Room 177KEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Aquatic Animal Health LaboratoryDepartment of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State University1129 Farm Lane, Room 177KEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Present address:
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
| | - Michelle Gunn Van Deuren
- Aquatic Animal Health LaboratoryDepartment of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State University1129 Farm Lane, Room 177KEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal
- Aquatic Animal Health LaboratoryDepartment of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State University1129 Farm Lane, Room 177KEast LansingMichigan48824USA
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeCollege of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Gary E. Whelan
- Michigan Department of Natural ResourcesFisheries DivisionPost Office Box 30466LansingMichigan48909USA
| | - Seth J. Herbst
- Michigan Department of Natural ResourcesFisheries DivisionPost Office Box 30466LansingMichigan48909USA
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Godahewa GI, Lee S, Kim J, Perera NCN, Kim MJ, Kwon MG, Jee BY, Hwang SD, Lee J. Analysis of complete genome and pathogenicity studies of the spring viremia of carp virus isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): An indication of SVC disease threat in Korea. Virus Res 2018; 255:105-116. [PMID: 30009849 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A batch of wild common carp and largemouth bass died in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do province, South Korea, in 2016. Moribund fish showed typical signs of spring viremia of carp (SVC) disease, which causes acute hemorrhage in the skin and ascites. Thus far, SVC disease has been detected in several regions of the world but never in South Korea. Suspecting the infectious agent to be the SCV virus (SVCV), the moribund fish were sampled and screened. The isolated virus developed a cytopathic effect in EPC cells. Both viral isolates from the common carp (ADC-SVC2016-1) and largemouth bass (ADC-SVC2016-3) were identical in terms of their genome sequence, which were 11,034 bp nucleotides in length. Genome comparison exhibited greater sequence similarity with the Asian SVCV sequences available at NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Korean SVCV isolates were clustered within the Asian clade. More specifically, evolutionary analysis by using the P gene sequences showed that the Korean isolates were sub-cladded within the Iai genogroup but diverged from Chinese strains of SH150514 and SH160901. The Korean isolates shared more than 98% sequence similarity with the two Chinese SVCV isolates, suggesting that the spread of SVCV originated from China. The isolated virus had cytopathic effects on EPC cells. Virus transmission studies showed that the virus exhibited the highest virulence at 15 °C, which was also dependent on the method used, with the injection method being better than the immersion and cohabitation methods. This is the first study to document that Korean SVCV isolates may be epizootic in wild common carp and other susceptible animal populations in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - N C N Perera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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