1
|
Zou J, Yu L, Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Xie S, Liu H, Zhao C, Zhou H. Transportin-3 Facilitates Uncoating of Influenza A Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084128. [PMID: 35456945 PMCID: PMC9027869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a major global health threat and in the future, may cause the next pandemic. Although studies have partly uncovered the molecular mechanism of IAV–host interaction, it requires further research. In this study, we explored the roles of transportin-3 (TNPO3) in IAV infection. We found that TNPO3-deficient cells inhibited infection with four different IAV strains, whereas restoration of TNPO3 expression in knockout (KO) cells restored IAV infection. TNPO3 overexpression in wild-type (WT) cells promoted IAV infection, suggesting that TNPO3 is involved in the IAV replication. Furthermore, we found that TNPO3 depletion restrained the uncoating in the IAV life cycle, thereby inhibiting the process of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) entry into the nucleus. However, KO of TNPO3 did not affect the virus attachment, endocytosis, or endosomal acidification processes. Subsequently, we found that TNPO3 can colocalize and interact with viral proteins M1 and M2. Taken together, the depletion of TNPO3 inhibits IAV uncoating, thereby inhibiting IAV replication. Our study provides new insights and potential therapeutic targets for unraveling the mechanism of IAV replication and treating influenza disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinxing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuaike Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiachang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meijun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (H.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (H.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (H.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim J, Lee GE, Shin CG. Foamy Virus Integrase in Development of Viral Vector for Gene Therapy. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1273-1281. [PMID: 32699199 PMCID: PMC9728412 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the broad host suitability of viral vectors and their high gene delivery capacity, many researchers are focusing on viral vector-mediated gene therapy. Among the retroviruses, foamy viruses have been considered potential gene therapy vectors because of their non-pathogenicity. To date, the prototype foamy virus is the only retrovirus that has a high-resolution structure of intasomes, nucleoprotein complexes formed by integrase, and viral DNA. The integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is an essential step for viral vector development. This process is mediated by virally encoded integrase, which catalyzes unique chemical reactions. Additionally, recent studies on foamy virus integrase elucidated the catalytic functions of its three distinct domains and their effect on viral pathogenicity. This review focuses on recent advancements in biochemical, structural, and functional studies of foamy virus integrase for gene therapy vector research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsun Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-670-3067 Fax: +82-31-675-3108 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
TNPO3-Mediated Nuclear Entry of the Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag Protein Is Independent of the Cargo-Binding Domain. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00640-20. [PMID: 32581109 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00640-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral Gag polyproteins orchestrate the assembly and release of nascent virus particles from the plasma membranes of infected cells. Although it was traditionally thought that Gag proteins trafficked directly from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, we discovered that the oncogenic avian alpharetrovirus Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein undergoes transient nucleocytoplasmic transport as an intrinsic step in virus assembly. Using a genetic approach in yeast, we identified three karyopherins that engage the two independent nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in Gag. The primary NLS is in the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of Gag and binds directly to importin-α, which recruits importin-β to mediate nuclear entry. The second NLS (TNPO3), which resides in the matrix (MA) domain, is dependent on importin-11 and transportin-3 (TNPO3), which are known as MTR10p and Kap120p in yeast, although it is not clear whether these import factors are independent or additive. The functions of importin-α/importin-β and importin-11 have been verified in avian cells, whereas the role of TNPO3 has not been studied. In this report, we demonstrate that TNPO3 directly binds to Gag and mediates its nuclear entry. To our surprise, this interaction did not require the cargo-binding domain (CBD) of TNPO3, which typically mediates nuclear entry for other binding partners of TNPO3, including SR domain-containing splicing factors and tRNAs that reenter the nucleus. These results suggest that RSV hijacks this host nuclear import pathway using a unique mechanism, potentially allowing other cargo to simultaneously bind TNPO3.IMPORTANCE RSV Gag nuclear entry is facilitated using three distinct host import factors that interact with nuclear localization signals in the Gag MA and NC domains. Here, we show that the MA region is required for nuclear import of Gag through the TNPO3 pathway. Gag nuclear entry does not require the CBD of TNPO3. Understanding the molecular basis for TNPO3-mediated nuclear trafficking of the RSV Gag protein may lead to a deeper appreciation for whether different import factors play distinct roles in retrovirus replication.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bin Hamid F, Kim J, Shin CG. Cellular and viral determinants of retroviral nuclear entry. Can J Microbiol 2015; 62:1-15. [PMID: 26553381 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Retroviruses must integrate their cDNA into the host genome to generate proviruses. Viral DNA-protein complexes interact with cellular proteins and produce pre-integration complexes, which carry the viral genome and cross the nuclear pore channel to enter the nucleus and integrate viral DNA into host chromosomal DNA. If the reverse transcripts fail to integrate, linear or circular DNA species such as 1- and 2-long terminal repeats are generated. Such complexes encounter numerous cellular proteins in the cytoplasm, which restrict viral infection and protect the nucleus. To overcome host cell defenses, the pathogens have evolved several evasion strategies. Viral proteins often contain nuclear localization signals, allowing entry into the nucleus. Among more than 1000 proteins identified as required for HIV infection by RNA interference screening, karyopherins, cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6, and nucleoporins have been predominantly studied. This review discusses current opinions about the synergistic relationship between the viral and cellular factors involved in nuclear import, with focus on the unveiled mysteries of the host-pathogen interaction, and highlights novel approaches to pinpoint therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faysal Bin Hamid
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|