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Mu J, Zhong H, Jiang M, Wang J, Zhang S. Development of a nomogram for predicting myopia risk among school-age children: a case-control study. Ann Med 2024; 56:2331056. [PMID: 38507901 PMCID: PMC10956924 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2331056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the factors influencing myopia and construct a nomogram to forecast the risk of myopia among school-age children, providing a reference for identifying high-risk groups to aid prevention and control. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 3512 students from three primary schools in Shenzhen using random cluster sampling for a questionnaire survey, myopia screening and ocular biometric parameter measurement. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia, and a nomogram was constructed to forecast myopia risk. Bootstrap resampling was used to verify the practicability of the nomogram. RESULTS Older age (odds ratio[OR] = 1.164; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.111-1.219), female sex (OR = 2.405; 95% CI: 2.003-2.887), maternal myopia (OR = 1.331; 95% CI: 1.114-1.589), incorrect posture during reading and writing (OR = 1.283; 95% CI: 1.078-1.528) and axial length (OR = 7.708; 95% CI: 6.044-8.288) are risk factors for myopia, whereas an increase in corneal radius (OR = 0.036; 95% CI: 0.025-0.052) is a protective factor against myopia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram was 0.857, and the net benefit was high when the risk threshold of the decision curve analyses (DCA) ranged from 0.20 to 1.00. The measured values were consistent with the prediction. CONCLUSION The nomogram was accurate in predicting the risk of myopia among schoolchildren. This study provides a reference for screening high-risk students and for individualized myopia prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Mu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoxi Zhong
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
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De-La-Borda-Prazak G, Mendez-Guerra C, Huertas-Campos F, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA. Ethnicity and refractive errors in Peruvian children aged 7-11 years: A five-year analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2024; 17:100486. [PMID: 38713932 PMCID: PMC11091506 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between ethnicity and self-reported refractive errors (REs) among Peruvian children aged 7-11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study incorporating a secondary data analysis of 2017-2021 data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). REs and ethnicity were obtained from focal child's mother's report. Four outcomes were assessed: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and any RE. We included potential confounders, such as age, sex, wealth index, area of residence, region of origin, frequency of watching TV and watching screens at less than 30 cm distance. Generalised linear models with the Poisson family and log link function were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Data from a total of 52,753 children were included. The prevalence of RE in children aged 7-11 years was 10.90% (95% CI 10.49-11.33), of which 5.19% were hyperopia, 3.35% myopia and 2.36% astigmatism. Those of the Aymara ethnicity were less likely to suffer from any RE and astigmatism (aPR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46-0.99, p = 0.046; aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.92, p = 0.012, respectively), Members of Amazon groups were more likely to have hyperopia (aPR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.14-3.36, p = 0.015) and Quechuas were more likely to have myopia (aPR =1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62, p = 0.028), where all were compared to Mestizos. CONCLUSION About 1 in 10 Peruvian children suffer from a RE. The most frequent RE in this study was hyperopia. Ethnic differences were seen in the frequency of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vicente A Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
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Qiu K, David C, Li Y, Lei Z, Tong L, Lin W. A retrospective study of cumulative absolute reduction in axial length after photobiomodulation therapy. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:191. [PMID: 38664659 PMCID: PMC11044358 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the age and timeline distribution of ocular axial length shortening among myopic children treated with photobiomodulation therapy in the real world situations. METHODS Retrospective study of photobiomodulation therapy in Chinese children aged 4 to 13 years old where axial length measurements were recorded and assessed to determine effectiveness at two age groups (4 ∼ 8 years old group and 9 ∼ 13 years old group). Data was collected from myopic children who received photobiomodulation therapy for 6 ∼ 12 months. Effectiveness of myopia control was defined as any follow-up axial length ≤ baseline axial length, confirming a reduction in axial length. Independent t-test was used to compare the effectiveness of the younger group and the older group with SPSS 22.0. RESULTS 342 myopic children were included with mean age 8.64 ± 2.20 years and baseline mean axial length of 24.41 ± 1.17 mm. There were 85.40%, 46.30%, 71.20% and 58.30% children with axial length shortening recorded at follow-up for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. With respect to the axial length shortened eyes, the mean axial length difference (standard deviation) was - 0.039 (0.11) mm, -0.032 (0.11) mm, -0.037 (0.12) mm, -0.028 (0.57) mm at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up, respectively. Greater AL shortening was observed among the older group who had longer baseline axial lengths than the younger group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall myopia control effectiveness using photobiomodulation therapy was shown to be age and time related, with the maximum absolute reduction in axial elongation being cumulative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Qiu
- Fuzhou Southeast Institute of Visual Ophthalmology, Fuzhou (City), China.
| | - Coveney David
- Firstwest Innovations, 350007, Perth (City), Australia
| | - Ying Li
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou (City, China
| | - Zhou Lei
- Department of Optometry, Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 315000, Ningbo(City), China
| | - Liyang Tong
- Department of Optometry, Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 315000, Ningbo(City), China
| | - Wen Lin
- Fuzhou Southeast Institute of Visual Ophthalmology, Fuzhou (City), China.
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Mu J, Zeng D, Fan J, Liu M, Jiang M, Shuai X, Wang J, Zhang S. Epidemiological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Myopia Among Primary School Students in Southern China: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605424. [PMID: 36865998 PMCID: PMC9971006 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of myopia to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia. Methods: 7,597 students studying in grades 1-3 were followed up. Eye examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted annually from 2019 to 2021. The influencing factors of myopia were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of myopia among students in grades 1-3 in 2019 was 23.4%, which increased to 41.9% and 51.9% after the 1-and 2-year follow-up, respectively. The incidence of myopia and change in the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were higher in 2020 than in 2021. The 2-year cumulative incidences of myopia were 2.5%, 10.1%, 15.5%, 36.3%, and 54.1% in students with a baseline SER >+1.50D, +1.00D to +1.50D, +0.50D to +1.00D, 0.00D to +0.50D, and -0.50D to 0.00D, respectively. Outdoor activities, sex, age, baseline SER, parental myopia, sleep time, and digital device exposure were associated with myopia. Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia demonstrated a rapid increase; thus, healthy habits and outdoor activities should be promoted for the prevention and control of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Mu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjie Fan
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meizhou Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Shuai
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Shaochong Zhang,
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Wang J, Liu F, Song X, Li T. Association of 5p15.2 and 15q14 with high myopia in Tujia and Miao Chinese populations. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:255. [PMID: 32586281 PMCID: PMC7318420 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphisms rs6885224 and rs634990 have been reported to be associated with high myopia in many populations. As there is still no report on whether these two SNPs are associated with myopia in the Tujia and Miao minority areas of China, we conducted a replication study to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the regions 5p15.2 and 15q14 with high myopia in Tujia and Miao Chinese populations. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 5831 cases and 7055 controls to assess whether rs6885224 in the 5p15.2 region and rs634990 in the 15q14 region are associated with high myopia. Our replication study enrolled 804 individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous leukocytes, and these two SNPs were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies were analysed using χ2 tests, and ORs and 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS According to the results of the meta-analysis, rs6885224 in the CTNND2 gene showed no association with myopia [p = 0.222, OR = 1.154, 95% CI (0.917-1.452)]. Conversely, rs634990 in the 15q14 region did exhibit a significant correlation with myopia [p = 7.270 × 10- 7, OR = 0.817, 95% CI (0.754-0.885)]. In our replication study, no association with high myopia in the Tujia and Miao populations was found for rs634990 or rs6885224. The following were obtained by allele frequency analysis: rs6885224, p = 0.175, OR = 0.845, and 95% CI = 0.662-1.078; rs634990, p = 0.087, OR = 0.84, and the 95% CI = 0.687-1.026. Genotype frequency analysis yielded p = 0.376 for rs6885224 and p = 0.243 for rs634990. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis results show that rs634990 was significantly associated with myopia but that rs6885224 was not. Nevertheless, in our replication study, these two SNPs showed no association with myopia in the Tujia and Miao Chinese populations. This is the first report involving Tujia and Miao ethnic groups from Enshi minority areas. However, the sample size needs to be expanded and more stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria need to be formulated to verify the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China.,Department of Eye Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiusheng Song
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Hubei Minzu University Affiliated Enshi Clinical Medical School, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No.158, Wuyang Road, Enshi, 445000, Hubei Provence, China.
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