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R R, Prüser T, Schulz NKE, Mayer PMF, Ogueta M, Stanewsky R, Kurtz J. Deciphering a Beetle Clock: Individual and Sex-Dependent Variation in Daily Activity Patterns. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:484-501. [PMID: 39082472 PMCID: PMC11416735 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241263619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are inherent to most organisms, including cryptozoic animals that seldom encounter direct light, and regulate their daily activity cycles. A conserved suite of clock genes underpins these rhythms. In this study, we explore the circadian behaviors of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, a significant pest impacting stored grain globally. We report on how daily light and temperature cues synchronize distinct activity patterns in these beetles, characterized by reduced morning activity and increased evening activity, anticipating the respective environmental transitions. Although less robust, rhythmicity in locomotor activity is maintained in constant dark and constant light conditions. Notably, we observed more robust rhythmic behaviors in males than females with individual variation exceeding those previously reported for other insect species. RNA interference targeting the Clock gene weakened locomotor activity rhythms. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a circadian clock and of clock-controlled behaviors in T. castaneum. Furthermore, they highlight substantial individual differences in circadian activity, laying the groundwork for future research on the relevance of individual variation in circadian rhythms in an ecological and evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma R
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Prüser
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nora K. E. Schulz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paula M. F. Mayer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maite Ogueta
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment, University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Münster and Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment, University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Münster and Bielefeld, Germany
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de Souza PE, Gonçalves BDSB, Souza-Silva M, Ferreira RL. Divergent patterns of locomotor activity in cave isopods (Oniscidea: Styloniscidae) in Neotropics. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:1199-1216. [PMID: 39158061 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2391865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In cave environments, stable conditions devoid of light-dark cycles and temperature fluctuations sustain circadian clock mechanisms across various species. However, species adapted to these conditions may exhibit disruption of circadian rhythm in locomotor activity. This study examines potential rhythm loss due to convergent evolution in five semi-aquatic troglobitic isopod species (Crustacea: Styloniscidae), focusing on its impact on locomotor activity. The hypothesis posits that these species display aperiodic locomotor activity patterns. Isopods were subjected to three treatments: constant red light (DD), constant light (LL), and light-dark cycles (LD 12:12), totaling 1656 h. Circadian rhythm analysis employed the Sokolove and Bushell periodogram chi-square test, Hurst coefficient calculation, intermediate stability (IS), and activity differences for each species. Predominantly, all species exhibited an infradian rhythm under DD and LL. There was synchronization of the locomotor rhythm in LD, likely as a result of masking. Three species displayed diurnal activity, while two exhibited nocturnal activity. The Hurst coefficient indicated rhythmic persistence, with LD showing higher variability. LD conditions demonstrated higher IS values, suggesting synchronized rhythms across species. Significant individual variations were observed within species across the three conditions. Contrary to the hypothesis, all species exhibited synchronization under light-dark conditions. Analyzing circadian activity provides insights into organism adaptation to non-cyclical environments, emphasizing the importance of exploring underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Emanuela de Souza
- Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Ecology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Marconi Souza-Silva
- Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Ecology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
- Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Ecology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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de Souza PE, Souza-Silva M, Ferreira RL. The ticking clock in the dark: Review of biological rhythms in cave invertebrates. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:738-756. [PMID: 38722073 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2348010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clocks, internal mechanisms that generate 24-hour rhythms, play a crucial role in coordinating biological events with day-night cycles. In light-deprived environments such as caves, species, particularly isolated obligatory troglobites, may exhibit evolutionary adaptations in biological rhythms due to light exposure. To explore rhythm expression in these settings, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on invertebrate chronobiology in global subterranean ecosystems, analyzing 44 selected studies out of over 480 identified as of September 2023. These studies revealed significant taxonomic diversity, primarily among terrestrial species like Coleoptera, with research concentrated in the United States, Italy, France, Australia, and Brazil, and a notable gap in African records. Troglobite species displayed a higher incidence of aperiodic behavior, while troglophiles showed a robust association with rhythm expression. Locomotor activity was the most studied aspect (>60%). However, approximately 4% of studies lacked information on periodicity or rhythm asynchrony, and limited research under constant light conditions hindered definitive conclusions. This review underscores the need to expand chronobiological research globally, encompassing diverse geographical regions and taxa, to deepen our understanding of biological rhythms in subterranean species. Such insights are crucial for preserving the resilience of subsurface ecosystems facing threats like climate change and habitat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marconi Souza-Silva
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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Pasquali V, Calizza E, Setini A, Hazlerigg D, Christoffersen KS. Preliminary observations on the effect of light and temperature on the hatching success and rate of Lepidurus arcticus eggs. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2019.1609093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pasquali
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Calizza
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Setini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - David Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsten Seestern Christoffersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
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Mammola S, Isaia M. Day–night and seasonal variations of a subterranean invertebrate community in the twilight zone. SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.27.28909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Being characterized by the absence of light and a reduced environmental cyclicity, the subterranean domain is generally regarded as temporally stable. Yet, in the proximity of cave entrances (twilight zones), patterns of sunlight and darkness can be detected within the 24-hour day–night cycle. In parallel, changes in the abiotic and biotic conditions are expected; however, these patterns have been rarely explored in animal communities dwelling in the twilight zone. We performed a biological investigation in a small abandoned mine in the Western Alps, monitoring it once per season, both during the day and at night. At each survey, we collected data on the spatial distribution of the resident species, their activity patterns, and the main microclimatic parameters. We observed significant daily variations in the environmental conditions during winter and spring, namely higher temperature, relative humidity and availability of trophic resources at night. In conjunction with these disparate nocturnal conditions, the abundance of troglophile species was also higher, as well as the activity patterns of one of the most frequent species inhabiting the entrance area – the orb-weaver spiderMetamenardi. We further documented temporal changes in the composition of the parietal community, due to species using the mine as a diurnal, nocturnal or overwintering shelter. Overall, our results suggest that the communities of the twilight zone are not temporally stable and we highlight the importance of taking into account not only their seasonal, but also their daily variations.
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Espinasa L, Collins E, Finocchiaro A, Kopp J, Robinson J, Rutkowski J. Incipient regressive evolution of the circadian rhythms of a cave amphipod. SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.20.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Body size-related constraints on the movement behaviour of the arctic notostracan Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1973) under laboratory conditions. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Caballero-Hernández O, Hernández-Patricio M, Sigala-Regalado I, Morales-Malacara JB, Miranda-Anaya M. Circadian rhythms and photic entrainment of swimming activity in cave-dwelling fishAstyanax mexicanus(Actinopterygii: Characidae), from El Sotano La Tinaja, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1034972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pasquali V. Locomotor activity rhythms in high arctic freshwater crustacean:Lepidurus arcticus(Branchiopoda; Notostraca). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1004842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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