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Xiang W, Shen Y, Li Y, Chen S, Cao Q, Xu L. Causal association between mental disorders and cerebrovascular diseases: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01545-3. [PMID: 39271072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Observational studies have suggested that mental disorders and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) may be risk factors for each other, but genetic evidence of a causal relationship is still lacking. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to explore the causal relationship between mental disorders and CVDs from the genetic perspective. METHODS To investigate the causal association between major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia five kinds of mental disorders and CVDs using two-sample two-way MR analysis based on publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. We used as instrumental variables (IVs) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were strongly associated with mental disorders and CVDs. IVW method was used as the main analysis method, and MR-IVW, MR-Egger methods, MR-PRESSO test, leave-one-out analysis and funnel plot were used for sensitivity analysis. We further conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the currently available MR analyses. RESULTS The results of forward MR study showed that there was a significant causal relationship between ADHD and AS (any stroke) (p(AS) = 0.001, OR (95%CI) =1.118 (1.047-1.195)), any ischemic stroke (AIS) (p(AIS) = 0.004, OR (95%CI) =1.118(1.035-1.206)) and large artery stroke (LAS) (p(LAS) = 0.026, OR (95%CI): 1.206(1.023-1.422)). No heterogeneity, pleiotropy and outliers were found in sensitivity analysis. The reverse MR study showed that IA (intracranial aneurysm) (p(IA) = 0.033, OR (95%CI) = 1.123(1.009-1.249)) and UIA (unruptured intracranial aneurysm) (p(UIA) = 0.015, OR (95%CI) =1.040(1.008-1.074)) were risk factors for schizophrenia. Sensitivity analysis showed no pleiotropy, but there was heterogeneity. After excluding outliers, MR analysis showed that IA and UIA were still risk factors for schizophrenia. Our meta-analyses found statistical significance in causal relationships between ADHD and LAS (OR (95%CI) =1.18 (1.06-1.32), p = 0.003), IA and schizophrenia (OR (95%CI) =1.05 (1.02-1.08), p = 0.002) and UIA and schizophrenia (OR (95%CI) =1.03 (1.01-1.06), p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The MR study and meta-analysis suggest that genetically predicted ADHD is a risk factor for LAS, and IA and UIA increase the risk of schizophrenia. The result has implications for the development of feasible prevention strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shenjian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Wilson A, Beribisky N, Desrocher M, Dlamini N, Williams T, Westmacott R. Predictors of externalizing behavior outcomes following pediatric stroke. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:241-263. [PMID: 36891616 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2185216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Children who experience pediatric stroke are at higher risk for future behavioral problems in childhood. We examined the prevalence of parent reported externalizing behaviors and executive function problems in children following stroke and neurological predictors. This study included 210 children with pediatric ischemic stroke (mean age 9.18 years (SD = 3.95)). The parent form of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-Second Edition (BASC-2) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were used to evaluate externalizing behavior and executive function. No externalizing behavior or executive function differences were found between perinatal (n = 94) or childhood (n = 116) stoke, except for the shift subscale which had higher T-scores among the perinatal group (M = 55.83) than childhood group (M = 50.40). When examined together, 10% of children had clinically elevated hyperactivity T-scores as opposed to the expected 2%. Parents endorsed higher ratings of concern on the behavior regulation and metacognition indices of the BRIEF. Externalizing behaviors were correlated moderately to strongly with executive functions (r = 0.42 to 0.74). When examining neurological and clinical predictors of externalizing behaviors, only female gender was predictive of increased hyperactivity (p = .004). However, there were no significant gender differences in diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In summary, in this cohort, children with perinatal and childhood stroke did not differ on parent reported externalizing behavior or executive function outcomes. However, compared to normative data, children with perinatal or childhood stroke are significantly more likely to experience clinically elevated levels of hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssia Wilson
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary Desrocher
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tricia Williams
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn Westmacott
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Shinde K, Craig BT, Hassett J, Dlamini N, Brooks BL, Kirton A, Carlson HL. Alterations in cortical morphometry of the contralesional hemisphere in children, adolescents, and young adults with perinatal stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11391. [PMID: 37452141 PMCID: PMC10349116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stroke causes most hemiparetic cerebral palsy and cognitive dysfunction may co-occur. Compensatory developmental changes in the intact contralesional hemisphere may mediate residual function and represent targets for neuromodulation. We used morphometry to explore cortical thickness, grey matter volume, gyrification, and sulcal depth of the contralesional hemisphere in children, adolescents, and young adults after perinatal stroke and explored associations with motor, attention, and executive function. Participants aged 6-20 years (N = 109, 63% male) with unilateral perinatal stroke underwent T1-weighted imaging. Participants had arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; n = 36), periventricular venous infarction (PVI; n = 37) or were controls (n = 36). Morphometry was performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). Group differences and associations with motor and executive function (in a smaller subsample) were assessed. Group comparisons revealed areas of lower cortical thickness in contralesional hemispheres in both AIS and PVI and greater gyrification in AIS compared to controls. Areas of greater grey matter volume and sulcal depth were also seen for AIS. The PVI group showed lower grey matter volume in cingulate cortex and less volume in precuneus relative to controls. No associations were found between morphometry metrics, motor, attention, and executive function. Cortical structure of the intact contralesional hemisphere is altered after perinatal stroke. Alterations in contralesional cortical morphometry shown in perinatal stroke may be associated with different mechanisms of damage or timing of early injury. Further investigations with larger samples are required to more thoroughly explore associations with motor and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Shinde
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brandon T Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jordan Hassett
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Children's Stroke Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian L Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Neurosciences Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Helen L Carlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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4
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Felling RJ, Jordan LC, Mrakotsky C, deVeber G, Peterson RK, Mineyko A, Feldman SJ, Shapiro K, Lo W, Beslow LA. Roadmap for the Assessment and Management of Outcomes in Pediatric Stroke. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:93-100. [PMID: 36805967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurological morbidity is common after pediatric stroke, with moderate to severe deficits that can significantly impact education and social function. Care and recovery occur in phases distinguished by the time interval after stroke onset. These phases include the hyperacute and acute periods in which the focus is on cerebral reperfusion and prevention of neurological deterioration, followed by the subacute and chronic phases in which the focus is on secondary stroke prevention and mitigation of disability through rehabilitation, adaptation, and reintegration into the community. In this article, a multidisciplinary group of pediatric stroke experts review the stages of recovery after pediatric stroke with an emphasis on critical assessment time points. Our goal is to encourage increased standardization of outcome assessment to facilitate future clinical trials comparing various treatment and intervention options and advance optimized care for children with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Felling
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Lori C Jordan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine Mrakotsky
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Center for Neuropsychology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabrielle deVeber
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel K Peterson
- Neuropsychology Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aleksandra Mineyko
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samantha J Feldman
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Shapiro
- Cortica Healthcare, Westlake Village, California; Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Lost Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Warren Lo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lauren A Beslow
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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5
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Williams TS, Burek B, Deotto A, Ford MK, Green R, Wade SL. Pandemic Perils and Promise: Implementation of a Virtual Parenting Intervention during COVID-19 among Children with Early Neurological Conditions. Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:505-517. [PMID: 35918818 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2099996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a telepsychological positive parenting intervention (I-InTERACT-North, Internet-basedInteracting Together Everyday: Recovery After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury) during the COVID-19 pandemic among Canadian families of children at-risk for neurodevelopmental challenges given congenital or neonatal conditions. I-InTERACT-North was developed to improve behavioral and emotional outcomes in children with neurological conditions by utilizing and adapting parenting strategies from several established family-focused programmes. METHODS A pragmatic prospective pre-post single-site pilot study design was used to assess feasibility, acceptabilty, and preliminary efficacy of I-InTERACT North during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Thirty-five families of children ages three to nine years were referred between March 2020 and January 2021. Eighteen families enrolled, and 12 (67% adherence) completed the programme. Parents reported strong therapeutic alliance and programme acceptability with barriers due to competing time demands. Therapists reported high acceptability but perceived parental burnout. Parenting confidence (d = 0.70), and child behavior (d = 1.30) improved following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate the programme's value to families during the pandemic, while underscoring unique participation barriers. Future research and clinicial implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia S Williams
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany Burek
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Deotto
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan K Ford
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rivka Green
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shari L Wade
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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6
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Williams T, Wiener J, Lennox C, Kokai M. Lessons Learned: Achieving Consensus About Learning Disability Assessment and Diagnosis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08295735221089457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current paper describes the process used for developing the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Assessment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Learning Disabilities-Consensus Statement and Supporting Documents, and the rationale for some of the decisions. The guidelines were developed by a cross-sectoral working group of psychologists who achieved a consensus on the criteria for diagnosis and the assessment process. We outline key features of the guidelines, describe topics where the group achieved consensus quickly and topics for which there was considerable debate (e.g., intelligence testing, ability/achievement discrepancy, and processing deficits). The group members shared information with each other about topics such as the advantages of early assessment, the importance of formally assessing effort and motivation, and assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse individuals. We conclude with the lessons learned and professional challenges regarding contextual influences on LD assessment and diagnosis and dissemination of research to practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Williams
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Lamond B, Roberts SD, Miller SP, Wade SL, Williams TS. Psychosocial Intervention Outcomes for Children with Congenital and Neonatal Conditions: Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1003-1018. [PMID: 35472174 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a historic lack of psychosocially geared treatment studies for congenital and neonatal conditions that impact brain development, despite well-established knowledge that these conditions impact cognitive development, quality of life (QoL), mental health, and academic success. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the research literature focusing on the effects of interventions in psychosocially geared programs for children with neonatal brain injury on school and psychological outcomes. METHODS Psychosocially geared programs broadly refer to interventions to improve parenting and school functioning, or child behavior, as well as other interventions that have a psychological component but may be more physically oriented, such as goal-directed physiotherapy. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase was completed between June and July 2020. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB-2). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated adequate risk of bias (i.e., low risk of bias or some concerns). The studies included family (n = 2), parenting (n = 7), and child (n = 10) interventions. There is some evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children with neonatal brain injury and their families on academic outcomes, behavior, and QoL, indicated by positive intervention effects in 65% (n = 13) of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Lamond
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, The University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha D Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital & Sunny Hill Health Centre, Canada
| | - Shari L Wade
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Tricia S Williams
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Canada
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8
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Bolk J, Simatou E, Söderling J, Thorell LB, Persson M, Sundelin H. Association of Perinatal and Childhood Ischemic Stroke With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e228884. [PMID: 35471571 PMCID: PMC9044107 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays a crucial role in reducing negative effects on everyday life, including academic failure and poor social functioning. Children who survive ischemic strokes risk major disabilities, but their risk of ADHD has not been studied in nationwide cohorts. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of ADHD in children after pediatric ischemic stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants in this Swedish nationwide cohort study included 1320 children diagnosed with ischemic stroke recorded in linked Swedish national registers from January 1, 1969, to December 31, 2016, without prior ADHD diagnosis. Ten matched controls were identified for each index case, and first-degree relatives were identified for index individuals and controls. Analyses were stratified by perinatal and childhood strokes and presence of comorbid adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy. End of follow-up was the date of ADHD diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first. Data analyses were performed August 1 to 28, 2021. EXPOSURES Pediatric ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder identified using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, and/or prescribed ADHD medication recorded in the Medical Birth Register, National Patient Register, or Prescribed Drug Register after stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for ADHD after pediatric stroke, adjusting for parental age and ADHD in first-degree relatives. RESULTS Of 1320 children with stroke included in the analysis (701 boys [53.1%]), 75 (45 boys [60.0%]) were diagnosed with ADHD after stroke compared with 376 (252 boys [67.0%]) among the controls (aHR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.54-2.60]). The risk was increased after both perinatal (aHR, 2.75 [95% CI ,1.65-4.60]) and childhood (aHR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.34-2.48]) strokes and were similar if children born preterm or small for gestational age were excluded. Compared with controls, risks of ADHD were higher among children with perinatal stroke and adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy (aHR, 6.17 [95% CI, 2.80-13.62]) than among those without these comorbidities (aHR, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.80-3.42]). However, findings were similar in childhood stroke for children with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy (aHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.12-2.89]) and among those without these comorbidities (aHR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.28-2.90]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study of 1320 children with pediatric ischemic stroke suggests that there is an increased risk of ADHD, particularly in children with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy, compared with controls. The risk increases after childhood strokes regardless of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bolk
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleni Simatou
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Söderling
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa B. Thorell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Persson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heléne Sundelin
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Children’s and Women’s Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Larsen N, Craig BT, Hilderley AJ, Virani S, Murias K, Brooks BL, Kirton A, Carlson HL. Frontal interhemispheric structural connectivity, attention, and executive function in children with perinatal stroke. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2433. [PMID: 34825521 PMCID: PMC8785614 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stroke affects ∼1 in 1000 births and concomitant cognitive impairments are common but poorly understood. Rates of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are increased 5-10× and executive dysfunction can be disabling. We used diffusion imaging to investigate whether stroke-related differences in frontal white matter (WM) relate to cognitive impairments. Anterior forceps were isolated using tractography and sampled along the tract. Resulting metrics quantified frontal WM microstructure. Associations between WM metrics and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms (ADHD-5 rating scale) and executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)) were explored. Eighty-three children were recruited (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS] n = 26; periventricular venous infarction [PVI] n = 26; controls n = 31). WM metrics were altered for stroke groups compared to controls. Along-tract analyses showed differences in WM metrics in areas approximating the lesion as well as more remote differences at midline and in the nonlesioned hemisphere. WM metrics correlated with parental ratings of ADHD and executive function such that higher diffusivity values were associated with poorer function. These findings suggest that underlying microstructure of frontal white matter quantified via tractography may provide a relevant biomarker associated with cognition and behavior in children with perinatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Larsen
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brandon T Craig
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alicia J Hilderley
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shane Virani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kara Murias
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brian L Brooks
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Helen L Carlson
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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10
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Kittel-Schneider S, Arteaga-Henriquez G, Vasquez AA, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Brikell I, Buitelaar J, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Freitag CM, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Hartman CA, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Matura S, McNeill RV, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribases M, Romanos M, Vainieri I, Franke B, Reif A. Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1157-1180. [PMID: 34757108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co-occurrences are often unclear - are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gara Arteaga-Henriquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Phil Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabell Brikell
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Campus USÖ, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rhiannon V McNeill
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Vyas SS, Ford MK, Tam EWY, Westmacott R, Sananes R, Beck R, Williams TS. Intervention experiences among children with congenital and neonatal conditions impacting brain development: patterns of service utilization, barriers and future directions. Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 35:1009-1029. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1871516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S. Vyas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan K. Ford
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily W. Y. Tam
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn Westmacott
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Renee Sananes
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ranit Beck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tricia S. Williams
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Burek B, Ford MK, Hooper M, Green R, Kohut SA, Andrade BF, Ravi M, Sananes R, Desrocher M, Miller SP, Wade SL, Williams TS. Transdiagnostic feasibility trial of internet-based parenting intervention to reduce child behavioural difficulties associated with congenital and neonatal neurodevelopmental risk: introducing I-InTERACT-North. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:1030-1052. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1829071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Burek
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meghan K. Ford
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie Hooper
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rivka Green
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Ahola Kohut
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan F. Andrade
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Child Youth and Emerging Adult Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monidipa Ravi
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Renee Sananes
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Desrocher
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven P. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shari L. Wade
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tricia S. Williams
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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13
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McDonald KP, Connolly J, Roberts SD, Ford MK, Westmacott R, Dlamini N, Tam EWY, Williams T. The Response to Stress Questionnaire for Parents Following Neonatal Brain Injury. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:1005-1015. [PMID: 32968809 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Response to Stress Questionnaire-Brain Injury (RSQ-BI) was adapted utilizing a patient-oriented approach, exploring parental stress, coping, and associated mental health outcomes in parents of children with neonatal brain injury. The contributions of social risk, child adaptive functioning, and brain injury severity were also explored. METHODS Using a mixed-method design, this study explored adapted stressor items on the RSQ-BI. Parents and clinicians engaged in semistructured interviews to examine key stressors specific to being a parent of a child with neonatal brain injury. The adapted RSQ-BI was piloted in a parent sample (N = 77, child mean age 1 year 7 months) with established questionnaires of social risk, child adaptive functioning, severity of the child's injury, coping style, and parent mental health. Descriptive statistics and correlations examined parent stress, coping, and their association with parent mental health. RESULTS The final RSQ-BI questionnaire included 15 stressors. Factor analysis showed stressors loaded onto two factors related to (a) daily role stressors and (b) brain injury stressors. Using the RSQ-BI, parents reported brain injury stressors as more stressful than daily role stressors. When faced with these stressors, parents were most likely to engage in acceptance-based coping strategies and demonstrated lower symptoms of parent depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The RSQ-BI provides a valuable adaptation to understand both stressors and coping specific to being a parent of a child with neonatal brain injury. Relevant interventions that promote similar coping techniques are discussed for future care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla P McDonald
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Department of Psychology, York University
| | | | - Samantha D Roberts
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Department of Psychology, York University
| | - Meghan K Ford
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Medical Psychiatry Alliance, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Robyn Westmacott
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto
| | - Emily W Y Tam
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto.,Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Tricia Williams
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Medical Psychiatry Alliance, The Hospital for Sick Children.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto
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14
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Rivella C, Viterbori P. [Formula: see text] Executive function following pediatric stroke. A systematic review. Child Neuropsychol 2020; 27:209-231. [PMID: 32969322 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2020.1820472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric strokes are rare events that can lead to neuropsychological impairment or disability. While motor deficits are relatively easy to identify and investigate, cognitive outcomes after stroke are more complex to define. Many studies have focused on global cognitive outcomes, while only a few recent studies have focused on specific cognitive processes. The aims of the present review were to provide an overview of the effects of pediatric strokes on executive function and to investigate the relations between executive functioning and clinical factors. METHOD Studies concerning executive functioning after pediatric stroke were identified using PsycInfo, PsycArticles and PubMed. A total of 142 studies were identified, and 22 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The review of the 22 studies included clearly indicates that childhood and perinatal strokes can affect executive function, and in particular inhibition. In contrast, the results concerning clinical factors related to EF outcomes are inconsistent. DISCUSSION Our results highlight the importance to assess EF following pediatric stroke. Early identification of difficulties in EF is crucial to provide adequate training to the children and to prevent the development of other correlated difficulties, such as behavioral problems or learning difficulties. Methodological issues regarding the heterogeneity of samples and measurement difficulties limit the conclusions that can be made about the clinical predictors of the outcomes. Studies are needed to better understand this aspect and to develop adequate EF interventions for children following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Rivella
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Viterbori
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
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15
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Champigny CM, Deotto A, Westmacott R, Dlamini N, Desrocher M. Academic outcome in pediatric ischemic stroke. Child Neuropsychol 2020; 26:817-833. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2020.1712346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Deotto
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robyn Westmacott
- Department of Psychology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Desrocher
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Dodd JN, Kajankova M, Nagele DA. Bridging gaps in care for children with acquired brain injury: Perceptions of medical and educational service providers. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2019; 12:37-47. [PMID: 30883374 DOI: 10.3233/prm-180558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Significant gaps in service delivery for children with acquired brain injury exist between healthcare and educational systems, such as the lack of coordinated efforts to transfer rehabilitation strategies to school settings. This paper attempts to address these issues and offer recommendations to bridge these gaps in care. METHODS The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM), Brain Injury-Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group (BI-ISIG), Pediatric-Adolescent Task Force constructed and disseminated a survey to medical rehabilitation (N= 44) and education professionals (N= 40). Responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, achieving > 85% inter-coder reliability. RESULTS Results highlighted differences between groups in methods for seeking new information, opinions on advocacy needs, and differing priorities given to various resources. CONCLUSIONS These discrepancies have important implications for improved collaboration needed for assuring an appropriate continuum of service for this population. Recommendations include: 1) providing education and training regarding brain injury in the most cost-effective ways utilizing technology that crosses the barriers identified and reaches people in multiple settings; 2) direct and active communication between medical and educational professionals; and 3) developing an interdisciplinary Community of Practice to help bridge medical rehabilitation and school systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Dodd
- Department of Psychological Services, WellStar Medical Group, Marietta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Kajankova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew A Nagele
- Beechwood NeuroRehab, Langhorne, PA, USA.,Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Mackay MT, Steinlin M. Recent developments and new frontiers in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke 2018; 14:32-43. [PMID: 30079825 DOI: 10.1177/1747493018790064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review will discuss important developments in childhood arterial ischemic stroke over the past decade, focusing on improved understanding of the causes, consequences, and targets for intervention. Risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke are different to adults. Infections, particularly herpes group viruses, are important precipitants for stroke. Non-atherosclerotic arteriopathies are the most common cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and an important predictor of recurrent events. Recent advances include the identification of serum biomarkers for inflammation and endothelial injury, and imaging biomarkers to monitor for vascular progression. Multicenter trials of immunotherapies in focal cerebral arteriopathies are currently in development. Recognition of clinical and radiological phenotypic patterns has facilitated the discovery of multisystem disorders associated with arterial ischemic stroke including ACTA2 arteriopathy and adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency. Identification of these Mendelian disorders provide insights into genetic mechanisms of disease and have implications for medical and surgical management. In contrast to adults, there are long diagnostic delays in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Refinement of pediatric Code Stroke protocols and clinical decision support tools are essential to improve diagnostic certainty and improve access to reperfusion therapies. Children do not recover better than adults following arterial ischemic stroke, with more than half of survivors having long-term impairments. The physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of childhood arterial ischemic stroke are increasingly reported but further research is required to understand their impact on participation, quality of life, psychosocial, and family functioning. Longitudinal studies and the use of advanced imaging techniques, to understand neurobiological correlates of functional reorganization, are essential to developing targeted intervention strategies to facilitate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mackay
- 1 Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,3 Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,4 Florey Institute of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maja Steinlin
- 5 Division of Paediatric Neurology, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,6 Department of Paediatrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Williams TS, McDonald KP, Roberts SD, Dlamini N, deVeber G, Westmacott R. Prevalence and Predictors of Learning and Psychological Diagnoses Following Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 42:309-322. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1353093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia S. Williams
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyla P. McDonald
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha D. Roberts
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle deVeber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn Westmacott
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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