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Hua T, Zhang G, Yao Y, Jia H, Liu W. Research progress of megakaryocytes and platelets in lung injury. Ann Med 2024; 56:2362871. [PMID: 38902986 PMCID: PMC11195464 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2362871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The lung is an important site of extramedullary platelet formation, and megakaryocytes in the lung participate in immune responses in addition to platelet production. In acute lung injury and chronic lung injury, megakaryocytes and platelets play a promoting or protective role through different mechanisms. The authors reviewed the role of megakaryocytes and platelets in common clinical lung injuries with different course of disease and different pathogenic factors in order to provide new thinking for the diagnosis and treatment of lung injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Hua
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA, García Á, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Altered dynamics of calcium fluxes and mitochondrial metabolism in platelet activation-related disease and aging. Life Sci 2024; 351:122846. [PMID: 38880165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms controlling platelet function is crucial for exploring potential therapeutic targets related to atherothrombotic pathologies and primary hemostasis disorders. Our research, which focuses on the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis, has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, Ca2+-dependent cellular signaling has been recognized as a determinant process throughout the platelet activation, controlled primarily by store-operated Ca2+ entry and the PLC-PKC signaling pathway. However, despite the accumulated knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms, the effectiveness of therapy based on various commonly used antiplatelet drugs (such as acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, among others) has faced challenges due to bleeding risks and reduced efficacy associated with the phenomenon of high platelet reactivity. Recent evidence suggests that platelet mitochondria could play a fundamental role in these aspects through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms linked to apoptosis and forming a procoagulant phenotype. In this context, the present review describes the latest advances regarding the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel García
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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3
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Chang Y, Hsia CW, Chiou KR, Yen TL, Jayakumar T, Sheu JR, Huang WC. Eugenol: A Potential Modulator of Human Platelet Activation and Mouse Mesenteric Vascular Thrombosis via an Innovative cPLA2-NF-κB Signaling Axis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1689. [PMID: 39200154 PMCID: PMC11351298 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets, a type of anucleated cell, play a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, targeting platelet activation is essential for mitigating CVDs. Endogenous agonists, such as collagen, activate platelets by initiating signal transduction through specific platelet receptors, leading to platelet aggregation. Eugenol, primarily sourced from clove oil, is known for its antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable medicinal agent. In our previous study, eugenol was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid. We concluded that eugenol exerts a potent inhibitory effect on platelet activation by targeting the PLCγ2-PKC and cPLA2-TxA2 pathways, thereby suppressing platelet aggregation. In our current study, we found that eugenol significantly inhibits NF-κB activation. This led us to investigate the relationship between the NF-κB and cPLA2 pathways to elucidate how eugenol suppresses platelet activation. METHODS In this study, we prepared platelet suspensions from the blood of healthy human donors to evaluate the inhibitory mechanisms of eugenol on platelet activation. We utilized immunoblotting and confocal microscopy to analyze these mechanisms in detail. Additionally, we assessed the anti-thrombotic effect of eugenol by observing fluorescein-induced platelet plug formation in the mesenteric microvessels of mice. RESULTS For immunoblotting and confocal microscopy studies, eugenol significantly inhibited NF-κB-mediated signaling events stimulated by collagen in human platelets. Specifically, it reduced the phosphorylation of IKK and p65 and prevented the degradation of IκBα. Additionally, CAY10502, a cPLA2 inhibitor, significantly reduced NF-κB-mediated signaling events. In contrast, BAY11-7082, an IKK inhibitor, did not affect collagen-stimulated cPLA2 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that cPLA2 acts as an upstream regulator of NF-κB activation during platelet activation. Furthermore, both BAY11-7082 and CAY10502 significantly reduced the collagen-induced rise in intracellular calcium levels. In the animal study, eugenol demonstrated potential as an anti-thrombotic agent by significantly reducing platelet plug formation in fluorescein-irradiated mouse mesenteric microvessels. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered a novel pathway in platelet activation involving the cPLA2-NF-κB axis, which plays a key role in the antiplatelet effects of eugenol. These findings suggest that eugenol could serve as a valuable and potent prophylactic or therapeutic option for arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rau Chiou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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O'Donoghue L, Smolenski A. Roles of G proteins and their GTPase-activating proteins in platelets. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231420. [PMID: 38808367 PMCID: PMC11139668 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells supporting vascular function. They circulate in a quiescent state monitoring the vasculature for injuries. Platelets adhere to injury sites and can be rapidly activated to secrete granules and to form platelet/platelet aggregates. These responses are controlled by signalling networks that include G proteins and their regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Recent proteomics studies have revealed the complete spectrum of G proteins, GEFs, and GAPs present in platelets. Some of these proteins are specific for platelets and very few have been characterised in detail. GEFs and GAPs play a major role in setting local levels of active GTP-bound G proteins in response to activating and inhibitory signals encountered by platelets. Thus, GEFs and GAPs are highly regulated themselves and appear to integrate G protein regulation with other cellular processes. This review focuses on GAPs of small G proteins of the Arf, Rab, Ras, and Rho families, as well as of heterotrimeric G proteins found in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna O'Donoghue
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green 123, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green 123, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Zou J, Sun S, De Simone I, ten Cate H, de Groot PG, de Laat B, Roest M, Heemskerk JW, Swieringa F. Platelet Activation Pathways Controlling Reversible Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation. TH OPEN 2024; 8:e232-e242. [PMID: 38911141 PMCID: PMC11193594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Agonist-induced platelet activation, with the integrin αIIbβ3 conformational change, is required for fibrinogen binding. This is considered reversible under specific conditions, allowing a second phase of platelet aggregation. The signaling pathways that differentiate between a permanent or transient activation state of platelets are poorly elucidated. Objective To explore platelet signaling mechanisms induced by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) or by protease-activated receptors (PAR) for thrombin that regulate time-dependent αIIbβ3 activation. Methods Platelets were activated with collagen-related peptide (CRP, stimulating GPVI), thrombin receptor-activating peptides, or thrombin (stimulating PAR1 and/or 4). Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression was assessed by two-color flow cytometry. Signaling pathway inhibitors were applied before or after agonist addition. Reversibility of platelet spreading was studied by microscopy. Results Platelet pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors decreased GPVI- and PAR-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression in the target order of protein kinase C (PKC) > glycogen synthase kinase 3 > β-arrestin > phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Posttreatment revealed secondary αIIbβ3 inactivation (not P-selectin expression), in the same order, but this reversibility was confined to CRP and PAR1 agonist. Combined inhibition of conventional and novel PKC isoforms was most effective for integrin closure. Pre- and posttreatment with ticagrelor, blocking the P2Y 12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor, enhanced αIIbβ3 inactivation. Spreading assays showed that PKC or P2Y 12 inhibition provoked a partial conversion from filopodia to a more discoid platelet shape. Conclusion PKC and autocrine ADP signaling contribute to persistent integrin αIIbβ3 activation in the order of PAR1/GPVI > PAR4 stimulation and hence to stabilized platelet aggregation. These findings are relevant for optimization of effective antiplatelet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Zou
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center + , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Siyu Sun
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center + , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria De Simone
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo ten Cate
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center + , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip G. de Groot
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Roest
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- Platelet (patho)physiology, Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Fernández DI, Troitiño S, Sobota V, Tullemans BME, Zou J, van den Hurk H, García Á, Honarnejad S, Kuijpers MJE, Heemskerk JWM. Ultra-high throughput-based screening for the discovery of antiplatelet drugs affecting receptor dependent calcium signaling dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6229. [PMID: 38486006 PMCID: PMC10940705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinct platelet activation patterns are elicited by the tyrosine kinase-linked collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the G-protein coupled protease-activated receptors (PAR1/4) for thrombin. This is reflected in the different platelet Ca2+ responses induced by the GPVI agonist collagen-related peptide (CRP) and the PAR1/4 agonist thrombin. Using a 96 well-plate assay with human Calcium-6-loaded platelets and a panel of 22 pharmacological inhibitors, we assessed the cytosolic Ca2+ signaling domains of these receptors and developed an automated Ca2+ curve algorithm. The algorithm was used to evaluate an ultra-high throughput (UHT) based screening of 16,635 chemically diverse small molecules with orally active physicochemical properties for effects on platelets stimulated with CRP or thrombin. Stringent agonist-specific selection criteria resulted in the identification of 151 drug-like molecules, of which three hit compounds were further characterized. The dibenzyl formamide derivative ANO61 selectively modulated thrombin-induced Ca2+ responses, whereas the aromatic sulfonyl imidazole AF299 and the phenothiazine ethopropazine affected CRP-induced responses. Platelet functional assays confirmed selectivity of these hits. Ethopropazine retained its inhibitory potential in the presence of plasma, and suppressed collagen-dependent thrombus buildup at arterial shear rate. In conclusion, targeting of platelet Ca2+ signaling dynamics in a screening campaign has the potential of identifying novel platelet-inhibiting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I Fernández
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Platelet Proteomics Group, CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Troitiño
- Platelet Proteomics Group, CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vladimír Sobota
- IHU-LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, 33604, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, UMR5251, University of Bordeaux, 33 405, Talence, France
| | - Bibian M E Tullemans
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinmi Zou
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Zlamal J, Aliotta A, Alberio L, Chen V, Bakchoul T. Diagnostic value of antibody-induced procoagulant platelets in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Platelet Immunology. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:860-868. [PMID: 38065529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated prothrombotic disorder characterized by a drop in platelet count and an increased risk of thromboembolic events. The accurate diagnosis of HIT involves clinical assessment and laboratory testing with well-characterized functional tests. Recent research has shown the potential of investigating procoagulant platelet formation induced by HIT antibodies. To successfully implement these assays in clinical laboratories, careful consideration of technical and preanalytical factors is crucial. In this communication from the SSC Platelet Immunology, we provide a consensus from experts on the use of flow cytometry in HIT diagnosis, highlighting the importance of standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zlamal
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Aliotta
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivien Chen
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tübingen, Germany.
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Provenzale I, Solari FA, Schönichen C, Brouns SLN, Fernández DI, Kuijpers MJE, van der Meijden PEJ, Gibbins JM, Sickmann A, Jones C, Heemskerk JWM. Endothelium-mediated regulation of platelet activation: Involvement of multiple protein kinases. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23468. [PMID: 38334433 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300360rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The endothelial regulation of platelet activity is incompletely understood. Here we describe novel approaches to find molecular pathways implicated on the platelet-endothelium interaction. Using high-shear whole-blood microfluidics, employing coagulant or non-coagulant conditions at physiological temperature, we observed that the presence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) strongly suppressed platelet adhesion and activation, via the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the PAR receptors for thrombin. Real-time monitoring of the cytosolic Ca2+ rises in the platelets indicated no major improvement of inhibition by prostacyclin or nitric oxide. Similarly under stasis, exposure of isolated platelets to HUVEC reduced the Ca2+ responses by collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL, GPVI agonist) and thrombin (PAR agonist). We then analyzed the label-free phosphoproteome of platelets (three donors), exposed to HUVEC, CRP-XL, and/or thrombin. High-resolution mass spectrometry gave 5463 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 1472 proteins, with good correlation between biological and technical replicates (R > .86). Stringent filtering steps revealed 26 regulatory pathways (Reactome) and 143 regulated kinase substrates (PhosphoSitePlus), giving a set of protein phosphorylation sites that was differentially (44) or similarly (110) regulated by HUVEC or agonist exposure. The differential regulation was confirmed by stable-isotope analysis of platelets from two additional donors. Substrate analysis indicated major roles of poorly studied protein kinase classes (MAPK, CDK, DYRK, STK, PKC members). Collectively, these results reveal a resetting of the protein phosphorylation profile in platelets exposed to endothelium or to conventional agonists and to endothelium-promoted activity of a multi-kinase network, beyond classical prostacyclin and nitric oxide actors, that may contribute to platelet inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Provenzale
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fiorella A Solari
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Schönichen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanne L N Brouns
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Delia I Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, Medizinische Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Ding B, Mao Y, Li Y, Xin M, Jiang S, Hu X, Xu Q, Ding Q, Wang X. A novel GATA1 variant p.G229D causing the defect of procoagulant platelet formation. Thromb Res 2024; 234:39-50. [PMID: 38159323 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA1 is one of the master transcription factors in hematopoietic lineages development which is crucial for megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation. Previous studies have shown that distinct GATA1 variants are associated with varying severities of macrothrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To determine the underlying pathological mechanisms of a novel GATA1 variant (c. 686G > A, p. G229D) in a patient with recurrent traumatic muscle hematomas. METHODS Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the patient platelets was performed. Procoagulant platelet formation and function were detected using flow cytometry assay and thrombin generation test (TGT), respectively. The ANO6 expression was measured by qPCR and western blot. The intracellular supramaximal calcium flux was detected by Fluo-5N fluorescent assay. RESULTS The patient displayed mild macrothrombocytopenia with defects of platelet granules, aggregation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. The percentage of the procoagulant platelet formation of the patient upon the stimulation of thrombin plus collagen was lower than that of the healthy controls (40.9 % vs 49.0 % ± 5.1 %). The patient platelets exhibited a marked reduction of thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma TGT compared to the healthy controls (peak value: ∼70 % of the healthy controls; the endogenous thrombin potential: ∼40 % of the healthy controls). The expression of ANO6 and intracellular calcium flux were impaired, which together with abnormal granules of the patient platelets might contribute to defect of procoagulant platelet function. CONCLUSIONS The G229D variant could lead to a novel platelet phenotype characterized by defective procoagulant platelet formation and function, which extended the range of GATA1 variants associated platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinqi Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiulan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tohidi-Esfahani I, Mittal P, Isenberg D, Cohen H, Efthymiou M. Platelets and Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J Clin Med 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38337435 PMCID: PMC10856779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by thrombosis and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL): lupus anticoagulant and/or IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anticardiolipin antibodies. APS carries significant morbidity for a relatively young patient population from recurrent thrombosis in any vascular bed (arterial, venous, or microvascular), often despite current standard of care, which is anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Platelets have established roles in thrombosis at any site, and platelet hyperreactivity is clearly demonstrated in the pathophysiology of APS. Together with excess thrombin generation, platelet activation and aggregation are the common end result of all the pathophysiological pathways leading to thrombosis in APS. However, antiplatelet therapies play little role in APS, reserved as a possible option of low dose aspirin in addition to VKA in arterial or refractory thrombosis. This review outlines the current evidence and mechanisms for excessive platelet activation in APS, how it plays a central role in APS-related thrombosis, what evidence for antiplatelets is available in clinical outcomes studies, and potential future avenues to define how to target platelet hyperreactivity better with minimal impact on haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Tohidi-Esfahani
- Haematology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Prabal Mittal
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK;
| | - David Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Hannah Cohen
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK;
| | - Maria Efthymiou
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK;
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11
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Reusswig F, Dille M, Krüger E, Ortscheid J, Feige T, Gorressen S, Fischer JW, Elvers M. Platelets modulate cardiac remodeling via the collagen receptor GPVI after acute myocardial infarction. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1275788. [PMID: 38274818 PMCID: PMC10808189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Platelets play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. After acute myocardial infarction, platelets display enhanced activation and migrate into the infarct zone. Furthermore, platelets trigger acute inflammation and cardiac remodeling leading to alterations in scar formation and cardiac function as observed in thrombocytopenic mice. GPVI is the major collagen receptor in platelets and important for platelet activation and thrombus formation and stability. Antibody induced deletion of GPVI at the platelet surface or treatment of mice with recombinant GPVI-Fc results in reduced inflammation and decreased infarct size in a mouse model of AMI. However, the role of GPVI has not been fully clarified to date. Methods/Results In this study, we found that GPVI is not involved in the inflammatory response in experimental AMI using GPVI deficient mice that were analyzed in a closed-chest model. However, reduced platelet activation in response to GPVI and PAR4 receptor stimulation resulted in reduced pro-coagulant activity leading to improved cardiac remodeling. In detail, GPVI deficiency in mice led to reduced TGF-β plasma levels and decreased expression of genes involved in cardiac remodeling such as Col1a1, Col3a1, periostin and Cthrc1 7 days post AMI. Consequently, collagen quality of the scar shifted to more tight and less fine collagen leading to improved scar formation and cardiac function in GPVI deficient mice at 21d post AMI. Conclusion Taken together, this study identifies GPVI as a major regulator of platelet-induced cardiac remodeling and supports the potential relevance of GPVI as therapeutic target to reduce ischemia reperfusion injury and to improve cardiac healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Dille
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E. Krüger
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J. Ortscheid
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Feige
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S. Gorressen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J.-W. Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Agbani EO, Chow L, Nicholas J, Skeith L, Schneider P, Gregory A, Mahe E, Yamaura L, Young D, Dufour A, Paul PP, Walker AM, Mukherjee PG, Poole AW, Poon MC, Lee A. Overexpression of facilitative glucose transporter-3 and membrane procoagulation in maternal platelets of preeclamptic pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1903-1919. [PMID: 36963633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy that results in significant adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Platelet activation is present in PE and contributes to the thrombo-hemorrhagic states of the disorder. However, the mechanisms that initiate and/or sustain platelet activation in PE are ill-defined. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise this mechanism and the procoagulant potentials of platelets in PE. METHODS In this quantitative observational study, we analyzed platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics in patients with PE (n = 21) compared with age-matched normotensive pregnancies (n = 20), gestational hypertension (n = 10), and non-pregnant female controls (n = 19). We analyzed fluorescently labeled indicators of platelet activation, bioenergetics, and procoagulation (phosphatidylserine exposure and thrombin generation), coupled with high-resolution imaging and thrombelastography. We then validated our findings using flow cytometry, immunoassays, classical pharmacology, and convolutional neural network analysis. RESULTS PE platelets showed significant ultra-structural remodeling, are more extensively preactivated than in healthy pregnancies and can circulate as microaggregates. Preactivated platelets of PE externalized phosphatidylserine and thrombin formed on the platelet membranes. Platelets' expression of facilitative glucose transporter-1 increased in all pregnant groups. However, PE platelets additionally overexpress glucose transporter-3 to enhance glucose uptake and sustain activation and secretion events. Although preeclampsia platelets exposed to subendothelial collagen showed incremental activation, the absolute hemostatic response to collagen was diminished, and likely contributed to greater blood loss perioperatively. CONCLUSIONS We revealed 2 bioenergetic mediators in the mechanism of sustained platelet procoagulation in preeclampsia. Although glucose transporter-1 and glucose transporter-3 remain elusive antiprocoagulant targets, they may be sensitive monitors of PE onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Lorraine Chow
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joshua Nicholas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leslie Skeith
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Hematology & Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prism Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Gregory
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Etienne Mahe
- Division of Hematology & Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Yamaura
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Padma Polash Paul
- Braintoy Inc Calgary and Computational Neuroscience Lab, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Walker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Man-Chiu Poon
- Division of Hematology & Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Division of Hematology & Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Island Health, Victoria, Canada
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13
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Tang L, Liu C, Rosenberger P. Platelet formation and activation are influenced by neuronal guidance proteins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206906. [PMID: 37398659 PMCID: PMC10310924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate blood cells derived from megakaryocytes. They link the fundamental functions of hemostasis, inflammation and host defense. They undergo intracellular calcium flux, negatively charged phospholipid translocation, granule release and shape change to adhere to collagen, fibrin and each other, forming aggregates, which are key to several of their functions. In all these dynamic processes, the cytoskeleton plays a crucial role. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) form attractive and repulsive signals to drive neuronal axon navigation and thus refine neuronal circuits. By binding to their target receptors, NGPs rearrange the cytoskeleton to mediate neuron motility. In recent decades, evidence has indicated that NGPs perform important immunomodulatory functions and influence platelet function. In this review, we highlight the roles of NGPs in platelet formation and activation.
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14
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Reusswig F, Yilmaz M, Brechtenkamp M, Krueger I, Metz LM, Klöcker N, Lammert E, Elvers M. The NMDA receptor regulates integrin activation, ATP release and arterial thrombosis through store-operated Ca 2+ entry in platelets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1171831. [PMID: 37252113 PMCID: PMC10217778 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1171831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Platelet activation and thrombus formation is crucial for hemostasis, but also trigger arterial thrombosis. Calcium mobilization plays an important role in platelet activation, because many cellular processes depend on the level of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)), such as integrin activation, degranulation, cytoskeletal reorganization. Different modulators of Ca2+ signaling have been implied, such as STIM1, Orai1, CyPA, SGK1, etc. Also, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) was identified to contribute to Ca2+ signaling in platelets. However, the role of the NMDAR in thrombus formation is not well defined. Methods In vitro and in vivo analysis of platelet-specific NMDAR knock-out mice. Results In this study, we analyzed Grin1fl/fl-Pf4-Cre+ mice with a platelet-specific knock-out of the essential GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. We found reduced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), but unaltered store release in GluN1-deficient platelets. Defective SOCE resulted in reduced Src and PKC substrate phosphorylation following stimulation of glycoprotein (GP)VI or the thrombin receptor PAR4 followed by decreased integrin activation but unaltered degranulation. Consequently, thrombus formation on collagen under flow conditions was reduced ex vivo, and Grin1fl/fl-Pf4-Cre+ mice were protected against arterial thrombosis. Results from human platelets treated with the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 revealed a crucial role of the NMDAR in integrin activation and Ca2+ homeostasis in human platelets as well. Conclusion NMDAR signaling is important for SOCE in platelets and contributes to platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Thus, the NMDAR represents a novel target for anti-platelet therapy in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Münteha Yilmaz
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Brechtenkamp
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krueger
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Metz
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Nieman MT, Neeves KB. Flipping the script: defining the reversibility of platelet activation. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1102-1103. [PMID: 37121617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin T Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. https://twitter.com/marvnieman
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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16
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Cheung HYF, Zou J, Tantiwong C, Fernandez DI, Huang J, Ahrends R, Roest M, Cavill R, Gibbins J, Heemskerk JWM. High-throughput assessment identifying major platelet Ca 2+ entry pathways via tyrosine kinase-linked and G protein-coupled receptors. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102738. [PMID: 37060673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In platelets, elevated cytosolic Ca2+ is a crucial second messenger, involved in most functional responses, including shape change, secretion, aggregation and procoagulant activity. The platelet Ca2+ response consists of Ca2+ mobilization from endoplasmic reticulum stores, complemented with store-operated or receptor-operated Ca2+ entry pathways. Several channels can contribute to the Ca2+ entry, but their relative contribution is unclear upon stimulation of ITAM-linked receptors such as glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and G-protein coupled receptors such as the protease-activated receptors (PAR) for thrombin. We employed a 96-well plate high-throughput assay with Fura-2-loaded human platelets to perform parallel [Ca2+]i measurements in the presence of EGTA or CaCl2. Per agonist condition, this resulted in sets of EGTA, CaCl2 and Ca2+ entry ratio curves, defined by six parameters, reflecting different Ca2+ ion fluxes. We report that threshold stimulation of GPVI or PAR, with a variable contribution of secondary mediators, induces a maximal Ca2+ entry ratio of 3-7. Strikingly, in combination with Ca2+-ATPase inhibition by thapsigargin, the maximal Ca2+ entry ratio increased to 400 (GPVI) or 40 (PAR), pointing to a strong receptor-dependent enhancement of store-operated Ca2+ entry. By pharmacological blockage of specific Ca2+ channels in platelets, we found that, regardless of GPVI or PAR stimulation, the Ca2+ entry ratio was strongest affected by inhibition of ORAI1 (2-APB, Synta66) > Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCE) > P2×1 (only initial). In contrast, inhibition of TRPC6, Piezo1/2 or STIM1 was without effect. Together, these data reveal ORAI1 and NCE as dominating Ca2+ carriers regulating GPVI- and PAR-induced Ca2+ entry in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire Yam Fung Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jinmi Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chukiat Tantiwong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Delia I Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany; Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Roest
- Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jon Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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The Role of NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG Signaling Pathway in Regulation of Platelet Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223704. [PMID: 36429131 PMCID: PMC9688146 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating blood platelets are controlled by stimulatory and inhibitory factors, and a tightly regulated equilibrium between these two opposing processes is essential for normal platelet and vascular function. NO/cGMP/ Protein Kinase G (PKG) pathways play a highly significant role in platelet inhibition, which is supported by a large body of studies and data. This review focused on inconsistent and controversial data of NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG signaling in platelets including sources of NO that activate sGC in platelets, the role of sGC/PKG in platelet inhibition/activation, and the complexity of the regulation of platelet inhibitory mechanisms by cGMP/PKG pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that the recently developed quantitative phosphoproteomic method will be a powerful tool for the analysis of PKG-mediated effects. Analysis of phosphoproteins in PKG-activated platelets will reveal many new PKG substrates. A future detailed analysis of these substrates and their involvement in different platelet inhibitory pathways could be a basis for the development of new antiplatelet drugs that may target only specific aspects of platelet functions.
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18
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Reversible Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation and Thrombus Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012512. [PMID: 36293367 PMCID: PMC9604507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 activation is essential for platelet aggregation and, accordingly, for hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The αIIbβ3 integrin is highly expressed on platelets and requires an activation step for binding to fibrinogen, fibrin or von Willebrand factor (VWF). A current model assumes that the process of integrin activation relies on actomyosin force-dependent molecular changes from a bent-closed and extended-closed to an extended-open conformation. In this paper we review the pathways that point to a functional reversibility of platelet αIIbβ3 activation and transient aggregation. Furthermore, we refer to mouse models indicating that genetic defects that lead to reversible platelet aggregation can also cause instable thrombus formation. We discuss the platelet agonists and signaling pathways that lead to a transient binding of ligands to integrin αIIbβ3. Our analysis points to the (autocrine) ADP P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor signaling via phosphoinositide 3-kinases and Akt as principal pathways linked to reversible integrin activation. Downstream signaling events by protein kinase C, CalDAG-GEFI and Rap1b have not been linked to transient integrin activation. Insight into the functional reversibility of integrin activation pathways will help to better understand the effects of antiplatelet agents.
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19
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Yang L, Ottenheijm R, Worley P, Freichel M, Camacho Londoño JE. Reduction in SOCE and Associated Aggregation in Platelets from Mice with Platelet-Specific Deletion of Orai1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203225. [PMID: 36291093 PMCID: PMC9600098 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signalling in platelets through store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) or receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) mechanisms is crucial for platelet activation and function. Orai1 proteins have been implicated in platelet’s SOCE. In this study we evaluated the contribution of Orai1 proteins to these processes using washed platelets from adult mice from both genders with platelet-specific deletion of the Orai1 gene (Orai1flox/flox; Pf4-Cre termed as Orai1Plt-KO) since mice with ubiquitous Orai1 deficiency show early lethality. Platelet aggregation as well as Ca2+ entry and release were measured in vitro following stimulation with collagen, collagen related peptide (CRP), thromboxane A2 analogue U46619, thrombin, ADP and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin, respectively. SOCE and aggregation induced by Thapsigargin up to a concentration of 0.3 µM was abrogated in Orai1-deficient platelets. Receptor-operated Ca2+-entry and/or platelet aggregation induced by CRP, U46619 or thrombin were partially affected by Orai1 deletion depending on the gender. In contrast, ADP-, collagen- and CRP-induced aggregation was comparable in Orai1Plt-KO platelets and control cells over the entire concentration range. Our results reinforce the indispensability of Orai1 proteins for SOCE in murine platelets, contribute to understand its role in agonist-dependent signalling and emphasize the importance to analyse platelets from both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger Ottenheijm
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (J.E.C.L.)
| | - Juan E. Camacho Londoño
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (J.E.C.L.)
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20
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Liu H, Fu D, Luo Y, Peng D. Independent association of Lp(a) with platelet reactivity in subjects without statins or antiplatelet agents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16609. [PMID: 36198899 PMCID: PMC9534895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological effect of Lp(a) on platelet activity is unclear. Previous studies explored the relationship between Lp(a) and platelet aggregation in patients taking statins and antiplatelet agents, but few was conducted in individuals without the bias of those drugs that either influence Lp(a) or platelet activity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Lp(a) levels and platelet aggregation in subjects not taking statins or antiplatelet drugs. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the independent contribution of Lp(a) to platelet activity by controlling the effects of potential confounding factors including lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [Lp-PLA2]. Blood samples were collected from 92 subjects without statins or antiplatelet agents from the Second Xiangya Hospital. The univariate correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between AA-induced average aggregation rate [AAR] and ApoB (r = 0.324, P = 0.002), ApoA1 (r = 0.252, P = 0.015), Lp(a) (r = 0.370, P < 0.001), Lp-PLA2 (r = 0.233, P = 0.025) and platelet counts [PLT] (r = 0.389, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis suggested that Lp(a) contributed independently to AA-induced average aggregation rate (β = 0.023, P = 0.027) after controlling for the effects of ApoB, Lp-PLA2 and platelet counts. Lp(a) is positively associated with platelet aggregation independent of Lp-PLA2, which may partly account for the atherothrombotic effect of Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Di Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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21
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Denorme F, Campbell RA. Procoagulant platelets: novel players in thromboinflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C951-C958. [PMID: 35993516 PMCID: PMC9484986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00252.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in maintaining hemostasis. However, dysregulated platelet activation can lead to pathological thrombosis or bleeding. Once a platelet gets activated, it will either become an aggregatory platelet or eventually a procoagulant platelet with both types playing distinct roles in thrombosis and hemostasis. Although aggregatory platelets have been extensively studied, procoagulant platelets have only recently come into the spotlight. Procoagulant platelets are a subpopulation of highly activated platelets that express phosphatidylserine and P-selectin on their surface, allowing for coagulation factors to bind and thrombin to be generated. In recent years, novel roles for procoagulant platelets have been identified and they have increasingly been implicated in thromboinflammatory diseases. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on the mechanisms resulting in the formation of procoagulant platelets and how they contribute to hemostasis, thrombosis, and thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert A Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program in Molecular Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Microbiology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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22
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Platelet Redox Imbalance in Hypercholesterolemia: A Big Problem for a Small Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911446. [PMID: 36232746 PMCID: PMC9570056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and their scavenging by anti-oxidant defences is the common soil of many disorders, including hypercholesterolemia. Platelets, the smallest blood cells, are deeply involved in the pathophysiology of occlusive arterial thrombi associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. A great deal of evidence shows that both increased intraplatelet ROS synthesis and impaired ROS neutralization are implicated in the thrombotic process. Hypercholesterolemia is recognized as cause of atherosclerosis, cerebro- and cardiovascular disease, and, closely related to this, is the widespread acceptance that it strongly contributes to platelet hyperreactivity via direct oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-platelet membrane interaction via scavenger receptors such as CD36 and signaling pathways including Src family kinases (SFK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In turn, activated platelets contribute to oxLDL generation, which ends up propagating platelet activation and thrombus formation through a mechanism mediated by oxidative stress. When evaluating the effect of lipid-lowering therapies on thrombogenesis, a large body of evidence shows that the effects of statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors are not limited to the reduction of LDL-C but also to the down-regulation of platelet reactivity mainly by mechanisms sensitive to intracellular redox balance. In this review, we will focus on the role of oxidative stress-related mechanisms as a cause of platelet hyperreactivity and the pathophysiological link of the pleiotropism of lipid-lowering agents to the beneficial effects on platelet function.
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23
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Hemostatic Effect of 20(S)-Panaxadiol by Induced Platelet Aggregation Depending on Calcium Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8265898. [PMID: 36177062 PMCID: PMC9514943 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8265898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is the most traditional hemostatic herb in China. Our previous research found that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol showed the hemostatic effect. And 20(S)-panaxadiol (PD) has a similar structure to 20(S)-protopanaxadiol with a dammarane skeleton. So, this article mainly studies the hemostatic effect of PD. The mouse tail amputation and liver scratch models were used to detect the hemostatic effect of PD. Blood routine and plasma coagulation parameters were measured by using a blood analyzer. The platelet aggregometer analyzed the platelet aggregation rate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. Moreover, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), P-selectin (CD62P), PAC-1 (GP IIb/IIIa receptor marker), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of platelets were also detected. The results showed that PD obviously shortened the bleeding time of the model mouse, affected the RBC and PLT parameters of rats, reduced APTT and TT, elevated FIB concentration, and promoted human/rat-washed platelet aggregation in vitro. PD promoted the release of ATP and [Ca2+]i and slightly increased the expression of CD62P and PAC-1 of platelets without 1 mM Ca2+. After adding 1 mM Ca2+, PD obviously increased ATP releasing and CD62P and GP IIb/IIIa expression rate and decreased the cAMP level of platelets. These parameter changes of PD-caused platelet were inhibited by vorapaxar. Besides, PD increased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) of human platelets. PD is an important hemostatic ingredient in Panax notoginseng, which induced platelet aggregation by affecting the calcium signaling and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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24
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tang X, Su W, Yang C, Pan D, Zhao D, Qi B, Li X. Hemostatic Effect of 20(S)-Panaxadiol by Induced Platelet Aggregation Depending on Calcium Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1-18. [DOI: org/10.1155/2022/8265898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is the most traditional hemostatic herb in China. Our previous research found that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol showed the hemostatic effect. And 20(S)-panaxadiol (PD) has a similar structure to 20(S)-protopanaxadiol with a dammarane skeleton. So, this article mainly studies the hemostatic effect of PD. The mouse tail amputation and liver scratch models were used to detect the hemostatic effect of PD. Blood routine and plasma coagulation parameters were measured by using a blood analyzer. The platelet aggregometer analyzed the platelet aggregation rate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. Moreover, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), P-selectin (CD62P), PAC-1 (GP IIb/IIIa receptor marker), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of platelets were also detected. The results showed that PD obviously shortened the bleeding time of the model mouse, affected the RBC and PLT parameters of rats, reduced APTT and TT, elevated FIB concentration, and promoted human/rat-washed platelet aggregation in vitro. PD promoted the release of ATP and [Ca2+]i and slightly increased the expression of CD62P and PAC-1 of platelets without 1 mM Ca2+. After adding 1 mM Ca2+, PD obviously increased ATP releasing and CD62P and GP IIb/IIIa expression rate and decreased the cAMP level of platelets. These parameter changes of PD-caused platelet were inhibited by vorapaxar. Besides, PD increased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) of human platelets. PD is an important hemostatic ingredient in Panax notoginseng, which induced platelet aggregation by affecting the calcium signaling and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenjie Su
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Department of Tuina, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130021, China
| | - Daian Pan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Bin Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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25
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Mindukshev I, Fock E, Dobrylko I, Sudnitsyna J, Gambaryan S, Panteleev MA. Platelet Hemostasis Reactions at Different Temperatures Correlate with Intracellular Calcium Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810667. [PMID: 36142580 PMCID: PMC9505593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypo- and hyperthermia affect both primary and secondary hemostasis; however, there are controversial data concerning platelet activation and the underlying mechanisms under hypo- and hyperthermia. The discrepancies in the data could be partly explained by different approaches to hemostatic reactions analysis. We applied a new LaSca-TMF laser particle analyzer for a simultaneous fluorescence and laser scattering analysis of platelet responses at different temperatures. Human platelets were activated by ADP in a wide range of temperatures, and platelet transformations (e.g., a shape change reaction, aggregation and clot formation) and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were analyzed by LaSca-TMF and confocal microscopy. The platelet shape change reaction gradually increased with a rising temperature. The platelet aggregation strongly decreased at low ADP concentrations with the augmentation of the temperature and was independent of the temperature at high ADP concentrations. In contrast, the clotting time decreased with a temperature increase. Similar to the aggregation response, a rise in [Ca2+]i triggered by low ADP concentrations was higher under hypothermic conditions and the differences were independent of the temperature at high ADP concentrations. We showed that the key reactions of cellular hemostasis are differentially regulated by temperature and demonstrated for the first time that an accelerated aggregation under hypothermic conditions directly correlated with an increased level in [Ca2+]i in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Fock
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Dobrylko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Sudnitsyna
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.A.P.)
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26
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Roles of Focal Adhesion Kinase PTK2 and Integrin αIIbβ3 Signaling in Collagen- and GPVI-Dependent Thrombus Formation under Shear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158688. [PMID: 35955827 PMCID: PMC9369275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP)VI and integrin αIIbβ3 are key signaling receptors in collagen-dependent platelet aggregation and in arterial thrombus formation under shear. The multiple downstream signaling pathways are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on disclosing the integrin-dependent roles of focal adhesion kinase (protein tyrosine kinase 2, PTK2), the shear-dependent collagen receptor GPR56 (ADGRG1 gene), and calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1). We designed and synthetized peptides that interfered with integrin αIIb binding (pCIB and pCIBm) or mimicked the activation of GPR56 (pGRP). The results show that the combination of pGRP with PTK2 inhibition or of pGRP with pCIB > pCIBm in additive ways suppressed collagen- and GPVI-dependent platelet activation, thrombus buildup, and contraction. Microscopic thrombus formation was assessed by eight parameters (with script descriptions enclosed). The suppressive rather than activating effects of pGRP were confined to blood flow at a high shear rate. Blockage of PTK2 or interference of CIB1 no more than slightly affected thrombus formation at a low shear rate. Peptides did not influence GPVI-induced aggregation and Ca2+ signaling in the absence of shear. Together, these data reveal a shear-dependent signaling axis of PTK2, integrin αIIbβ3, and CIB1 in collagen- and GPVI-dependent thrombus formation, which is modulated by GPR56 and exclusively at high shear. This work thereby supports the role of PTK2 in integrin αIIbβ3 activation and signaling.
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27
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A novel flow cytometry procoagulant assay for diagnosis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3494-3506. [PMID: 35359002 PMCID: PMC9198924 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe prothrombotic complication of adenoviral vaccines, including the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria) vaccine. The putative mechanism involves formation of pathological anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies that activate platelets via the low-affinity immunoglobulin G receptor FcγRIIa to drive thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Functional assays are important for VITT diagnosis, as not all detectable anti-PF4 antibodies are pathogenic, and immunoassays have varying sensitivity. Combination of ligand binding of G protein-coupled receptors (protease-activated receptor-1) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-linked receptors (FcγRIIa) synergistically induce procoagulant platelet formation, which supports thrombin generation. Here, we describe a flow cytometry-based procoagulant platelet assay using cell death marker GSAO and P-selectin to diagnose VITT by exposing donor whole blood to patient plasma in the presence of a protease-activated receptor-1 agonist. Consecutive patients triaged for confirmatory functional VITT testing after screening using PF4/heparin ELISA were evaluated. In a development cohort of 47 patients with suspected VITT, plasma from ELISA-positive patients (n = 23), but not healthy donors (n = 32) or individuals exposed to the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine without VITT (n = 24), significantly increased the procoagulant platelet response. In a validation cohort of 99 VITT patients identified according to clinicopathologic adjudication, procoagulant flow cytometry identified 93% of VITT cases, including ELISA-negative and serotonin release assay-negative patients. The in vitro effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and fondaparinux trended with the clinical response seen in patients. Induction of FcγRIIa-dependent procoagulant response by patient plasma, suppressible by heparin and IVIg, is highly indicative of VITT, resulting in a sensitive and specific assay that has been adopted as part of a national diagnostic algorithm to identify vaccinated patients with platelet-activating antibodies.
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28
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Peters LJF, Baaten CCFMJ, Maas SL, Lu C, Nagy M, Jooss NJ, Bidzhekov K, Santovito D, Moreno-Andrés D, Jankowski J, Biessen EAL, Döring Y, Heemskerk JWM, Weber C, Kuijpers MJE, van der Vorst EPC. MicroRNA-26b Attenuates Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050983. [PMID: 35625720 PMCID: PMC9138361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are key regulators of haemostasis, making platelet dysfunction a major driver of thrombosis. Numerous processes that determine platelet function are influenced by microRNAs (miRs). MiR-26b is one of the highest-expressed miRs in healthy platelets, and its expression in platelets is changed in a diseased state. However, the exact effect of this miR on platelet function has not been studied yet. In this study, we made use of a whole-body knockout of miR-26b in ApoE-deficient mice in order to determine its impact on platelet function, thrombus formation and platelet signalling both ex vivo and in vivo. We show that a whole-body deficiency of miR-26b exacerbated platelet adhesion and aggregation ex vivo. Additionally, in vivo, platelets adhered faster, and larger thrombi were formed in mice lacking miR-26b. Moreover, isolated platelets from miR-26b-deficient mice showed a hyperactivated Src and EGFR signalling. Taken together, we show here for the first time that miR-26b attenuates platelet adhesion and aggregation, possibly through Src and EGFR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey J. F. Peters
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.J.F.P.); (C.C.F.M.J.B.); (S.L.M.); (J.J.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; (K.B.); (D.S.); (Y.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Constance C. F. M. J. Baaten
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.J.F.P.); (C.C.F.M.J.B.); (S.L.M.); (J.J.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (N.J.J.); (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.J.F.P.); (C.C.F.M.J.B.); (S.L.M.); (J.J.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (N.J.J.); (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
| | - Natalie J. Jooss
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (N.J.J.); (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kiril Bidzhekov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; (K.B.); (D.S.); (Y.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; (K.B.); (D.S.); (Y.D.); (C.W.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.J.F.P.); (C.C.F.M.J.B.); (S.L.M.); (J.J.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.J.F.P.); (C.C.F.M.J.B.); (S.L.M.); (J.J.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; (K.B.); (D.S.); (Y.D.); (C.W.)
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Division of Angiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (N.J.J.); (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; (K.B.); (D.S.); (Y.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (N.J.J.); (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (N.J.J.); (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.J.F.P.); (C.C.F.M.J.B.); (S.L.M.); (J.J.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; (K.B.); (D.S.); (Y.D.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-36914
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29
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Lee CSM, Selvadurai MV, Pasalic L, Yeung J, Konda M, Kershaw GW, Favaloro EJ, Chen V. Measurement of procoagulant platelets provides mechanistic insight and diagnostic potential in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:975-988. [PMID: 35038779 PMCID: PMC9303365 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic, immune-mediated adverse drug reaction associated with high rates of thrombosis-related morbidity and mortality caused by FcγRIIa-activating pathogenic antibodies to PF4-heparin. Procoagulant platelets are a platelet subset that promote thrombin generation, are clinically relevant in prothrombotic diseases, and are formed when platelet G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and ITAM-linked receptors are co-stimulated. OBJECTIVES We examined the procoagulant platelet response of healthy donors to platelet agonists in the presence of HIT plasma and determined the contribution of FcγRIIa. PATIENTS/METHODS Our previously established flow cytometry-based procoagulant platelet assay was modified to incorporate plasma samples, performed using FcγRIIa-responsive donor platelets. Plasma samples were serotonin-release assay-confirmed HIT (HIT+), or negative on HIT screening. RESULTS In response to GPCR stimulation, only HIT+ plasma produced a heparin-dependent sensitization that required active FcγRIIa. As a potential diagnostic tool, the procoagulant platelet assay achieved 98% accuracy in identifying clinically verified HIT when performed blinded to the diagnoses of a validation cohort. Samples inducing a higher procoagulant platelet response were more likely from patients with thrombotic complications. Thrombin stimulation markedly increased the procoagulant platelet response with HIT+ plasma that was heparin independent and only partially reversed by FcγRIIa blockade, possibly reflecting ongoing thrombotic risk after heparin cessation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that HIT plasma together with platelet agonists increased the procoagulant platelet proportions, which may contribute to thrombotic risk in HIT. Targeting procoagulant platelet activation may represent a novel treatment strategy. This assay may be a rapid, clinically relevant functional assay for accurately detecting pathological HIT antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria V. Selvadurai
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Leonardo Pasalic
- Department of HaematologyInstitute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR)NSW Health PathologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and HaemostasisWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James Yeung
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of HaematologyConcord Repatriation General Hospital and NSW Health PathologySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maria Konda
- Diagnostic Pathology UnitConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Geoffrey W. Kershaw
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute of HaematologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emmanuel J. Favaloro
- Department of HaematologyInstitute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR)NSW Health PathologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and HaemostasisWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Science and HealthCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vivien M. Chen
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of HaematologyConcord Repatriation General Hospital and NSW Health PathologySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Factors Associated with Platelet Activation-Recent Pharmaceutical Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063301. [PMID: 35328719 PMCID: PMC8955963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are at the forefront of human health and disease following the advances in their research presented in past decades. Platelet activation, their most crucial function, although beneficial in the case of vascular injury, may represent the initial step for thrombotic complications characterizing various pathologic states, primarily atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we initially summarize the structural and functional characteristics of platelets. Next, we focus on the process of platelet activation and its associated factors, indicating the potential molecular mechanisms involving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and miRs. Finally, an overview of the available antiplatelet agents is being portrayed, together with agents possessing off-set platelet-inhibitory actions, while an extensive presentation of drugs under investigation is being given.
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Fernández DI, Provenzale I, Cheung HY, van Groningen J, Tullemans BM, Veninga A, Dunster JL, Honarnejad S, van den Hurk H, Kuijpers MJ, Heemskerk JW. Ultra-high-throughput Ca 2+ assay in platelets to distinguish ITAM-linked and G-protein-coupled receptor activation. iScience 2022; 25:103718. [PMID: 35072010 PMCID: PMC8762394 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), used for the secondary prevention of arterial thrombosis, coincide with an increased bleeding risk. Targeting ITAM-linked receptors, such as the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI), is expected to provide a better antithrombotic-hemostatic profile. Here, we developed and characterized an ultra-high-throughput (UHT) method based on intracellular [Ca2+]i increases to differentiate GPVI and GPCR effects on platelets. In 96-, 384-, or 1,536-well formats, Calcium-6-loaded human platelets displayed a slow-prolonged or fast-transient [Ca2+]i increase when stimulated with the GPVI agonist collagen-related peptide or with thrombin and other GPCR agonists, respectively. Semi-automated curve fitting revealed five parameters describing the Ca2+ responses. Verification of the UHT assay was done with a robustness compound library and clinically relevant platelet inhibitors. Taken together, these results present proof of principle of distinct receptor-type-dependent Ca2+ signaling curves in platelets, which allow identification of new inhibitors in a UHT way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I. Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabella Provenzale
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, RG6 6AX Reading, UK
| | - Hilaire Y.F. Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- ISASLeibniz-Institut fur Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Bibian M.E. Tullemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia Veninga
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne L. Dunster
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, RG6 6AX Reading, UK
| | | | | | - Marijke J.E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6214 AC, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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32
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Perrella G, Montague SJ, Brown HC, Garcia Quintanilla L, Slater A, Stegner D, Thomas M, Heemskerk JWM, Watson SP. Role of Tyrosine Kinase Syk in Thrombus Stabilisation at High Shear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010493. [PMID: 35008919 PMCID: PMC8745592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathways involved in the formation and stability of the core and shell regions of a platelet-rich arterial thrombus may result in new ways to treat arterial thrombosis. The distinguishing feature between these two regions is the absence of fibrin in the shell which indicates that in vitro flow-based assays over thrombogenic surfaces, in the absence of coagulation, can be used to resemble this region. In this study, we have investigated the contribution of Syk tyrosine kinase in the stability of platelet aggregates (or thrombi) formed on collagen or atherosclerotic plaque homogenate at arterial shear (1000 s-1). We show that post-perfusion of the Syk inhibitor PRT-060318 over preformed thrombi on both surfaces enhances thrombus breakdown and platelet detachment. The resulting loss of thrombus stability led to a reduction in thrombus contractile score which could be detected as early as 3 min after perfusion of the Syk inhibitor. A similar loss of thrombus stability was observed with ticagrelor and indomethacin, inhibitors of platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor and thromboxane A2 (TxA2), respectively, and in the presence of the Src inhibitor, dasatinib. In contrast, the Btk inhibitor, ibrutinib, causes only a minor decrease in thrombus contractile score. Weak thrombus breakdown is also seen with the blocking GPVI nanobody, Nb21, which indicates, at best, a minor contribution of collagen to the stability of the platelet aggregate. These results show that Syk regulates thrombus stability in the absence of fibrin in human platelets under flow and provide evidence that this involves pathways additional to activation of GPVI by collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6200 AC Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Samantha J. Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Helena C. Brown
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Lourdes Garcia Quintanilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mark Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6200 AC Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department Synapse Research Institute, 6214 AC Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (G.P.); (S.J.M.); (H.C.B.); (L.G.Q.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0121-4146514
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33
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Navarro S, Stegner D, Nieswandt B, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJE. Temporal Roles of Platelet and Coagulation Pathways in Collagen- and Tissue Factor-Induced Thrombus Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010358. [PMID: 35008781 PMCID: PMC8745329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In hemostasis and thrombosis, the complex process of thrombus formation involves different molecular pathways of platelet and coagulation activation. These pathways are considered as operating together at the same time, but this has not been investigated. The objective of our study was to elucidate the time-dependency of key pathways of thrombus and clot formation, initiated by collagen and tissue factor surfaces, where coagulation is triggered via the extrinsic route. Therefore, we adapted a microfluidics whole-blood assay with the Maastricht flow chamber to acutely block molecular pathways by pharmacological intervention at desired time points. Application of the technique revealed crucial roles of glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-induced platelet signaling via Syk kinase as well as factor VIIa-induced thrombin generation, which were confined to the first minutes of thrombus buildup. A novel anti-GPVI Fab EMF-1 was used for this purpose. In addition, platelet activation with the protease-activating receptors 1/4 (PAR1/4) and integrin αIIbβ3 appeared to be prolongedly active and extended to later stages of thrombus and clot formation. This work thereby revealed a more persistent contribution of thrombin receptor-induced platelet activation than of collagen receptor-induced platelet activation to the thrombotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Navarro
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (D.S.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (D.S.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (D.S.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6214 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.); Tel.: +31-43-3881674 (M.J.E.K.)
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.); Tel.: +31-43-3881674 (M.J.E.K.)
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34
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Sun S, Urbanus RT, ten Cate H, de Groot PG, de Laat B, Heemskerk JWM, Roest M. Platelet Activation Mechanisms and Consequences of Immune Thrombocytopenia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123386. [PMID: 34943895 PMCID: PMC8699996 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are often associated with low platelet count or thrombocytopenia. In immune-induced thrombocytopenia (IIT), a common mechanism is increased platelet activity, which can have an increased risk of thrombosis. In addition, or alternatively, auto-antibodies suppress platelet formation or augment platelet clearance. Effects of the auto-antibodies are linked to the unique structural and functional characteristics of platelets. Conversely, prior platelet activation may contribute to the innate and adaptive immune responses. Extensive interplay between platelets, coagulation and complement activation processes may aggravate the pathology. Here, we present an overview of the reported molecular causes and consequences of IIT in the most common forms of autoimmune disorders. These include idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), COVID-19 vaccine-induced thrombosis with thrombocytopenia (VITT), thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), and hemolysis, the elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome. We focus on the platelet receptors that bind auto-antibodies, the immune complexes, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and complement factors. In addition, we review how circulating platelets serve as a reservoir of immunomodulatory molecules. By this update on the molecular mechanisms and the roles of platelets in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, we highlight platelet-based pathways that can predispose for thrombocytopenia and are linked thrombotic or bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (H.t.C.)
- Synapse Research Institute, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.G.d.G.); (B.d.L.)
| | - Rolf T. Urbanus
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hugo ten Cate
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (H.t.C.)
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip G. de Groot
- Synapse Research Institute, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.G.d.G.); (B.d.L.)
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.G.d.G.); (B.d.L.)
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (H.t.C.)
- Synapse Research Institute, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.G.d.G.); (B.d.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.M.H.); (M.R.); Tel.: +31-68-1032534 (J.W.M.H. & M.R.)
| | - Mark Roest
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (H.t.C.)
- Synapse Research Institute, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.G.d.G.); (B.d.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.M.H.); (M.R.); Tel.: +31-68-1032534 (J.W.M.H. & M.R.)
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35
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Tamer F, Tullemans B, Kuijpers M, Claushuis D, Heemskerk JW. Nutrition phytochemicals affecting platelet signaling and responsiveness: implications for thrombosis and hemostasis. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:879-894. [PMID: 34715717 DOI: 10.1055/a-1683-5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, in particular due to arterial thrombosis, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with crucial roles of platelets in thrombus formation. For multiple plant-derived phytochemicals found in common dietary components, claims have been made regarding cardiovascular health and antiplatelet activities. Here we present a systematic overview of the published effects of common phytochemicals, applied in vitro or in nutritional intervention studies, on agonist-induced platelet activation properties and platelet signaling pathways. Comparing the phytochemical effects per structural class, we included general phenols: curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin), lignans (honokiol, silybin), phenolic acids (caffeic and chlorogenic acid), derivatives of these (shikimic acid) and stilbenoids (isorhapontigenin, resveratrol). Furthermore, we evaluated the flavonoid polyphenols, including anthocyanidins (delphinidin, malvidin), flavan-3-ols (catechins), flavanones (hesperidin), flavones (apigenin, nobiletin), flavonols (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin), isoflavones (daidzein, genistein); and terpenoids including carotenes and limonene; and finally miscellaneous compounds like betalains, indoles, organosulfides (diallyl trisulfide) and phytosterols. We furthermore discuss the implications for selected phytochemicals to interfere in thrombosis and hemostasis, indicating their possible clinical relevance. Lastly, we provide guidance on which compounds are of interest for further platelet-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Tamer
- Biochemistry, Maastricht University Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bibian Tullemans
- Biochemistry, Maastricht University Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marijke Kuijpers
- Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Wm Heemskerk
- Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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36
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Molecular Proteomics and Signalling of Human Platelets in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189860. [PMID: 34576024 PMCID: PMC8468031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells that play vital roles in haemostasis and thrombosis, besides other physiological and pathophysiological processes. These roles are tightly regulated by a complex network of signalling pathways. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques are contributing not only to the identification and quantification of new platelet proteins, but also reveal post-translational modifications of these molecules, such as acetylation, glycosylation and phosphorylation. Moreover, target proteomic analysis of platelets can provide molecular biomarkers for genetic aberrations with established or non-established links to platelet dysfunctions. In this report, we review 67 reports regarding platelet proteomic analysis and signalling on a molecular base. Collectively, these provide detailed insight into the: (i) technical developments and limitations of the assessment of platelet (sub)proteomes; (ii) molecular protein changes upon ageing of platelets; (iii) complexity of platelet signalling pathways and functions in response to collagen, rhodocytin, thrombin, thromboxane A2 and ADP; (iv) proteomic effects of endothelial-derived mediators such as prostacyclin and the anti-platelet drug aspirin; and (v) molecular protein changes in platelets from patients with congenital disorders or cardiovascular disease. However, sample sizes are still low and the roles of differentially expressed proteins are often unknown. Based on the practical and technical possibilities and limitations, we provide a perspective for further improvements of the platelet proteomic field.
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37
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Taylor KA, Mahaut-Smith MP. Ion channels and ion homeostasis in the platelet and megakaryocyte. Platelets 2021; 32:853-854. [PMID: 34370618 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1964866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A Taylor
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib Delays Platelet-Induced Coagulation: Additive Effects of Aspirin. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:92-104. [PMID: 34130349 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used for cancer treatment. In platelets, sunitinib affects collagen-induced activation under noncoagulating conditions. We investigated (1) the effects of sunitinib on thrombus formation induced by other TK-dependent receptors, and (2) the effects under coagulating conditions. Cardiovascular disease is a comorbidity in cancer patients, resulting in possible aspirin treatment. Sunitinib and aspirin are associated with increased bleeding risk, and therefore we also investigated (3) the synergistic effects of these compounds on thrombus and fibrin formation. METHODS Blood or isolated platelets from healthy volunteers or cancer patients were incubated with sunitinib and/or aspirin or vehicle. Platelet activation was determined by TK phosphorylation, flow cytometry, changes in [Ca2+]i, aggregometry, and whole blood perfusion over multiple surfaces, including collagen with(out) tissue factor (TF) was performed. RESULTS Sunitinib reduced thrombus formation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure under flow on collagen type I and III. Also, sunitinib inhibited glycoprotein VI-induced TK phosphorylation and Ca2+ elevation. Upon TF-triggered coagulation, sunitinib decreased PS exposure and fibrin formation. In blood from cancer patients more pronounced effects of sunitinib were observed in lung and pancreatic as compared to neuroglioblastoma and other cancer types. Compared to sunitinib alone, sunitinib plus aspirin further reduced platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and PS exposure on collagen under flow with(out) coagulation. CONCLUSION Sunitinib suppresses collagen-induced procoagulant activity and delays fibrin formation, which was aggravated by aspirin. Therefore, we urge for awareness of the combined antiplatelet effects of TKIs with aspirin, as this may result in increased risk of bleeding.
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Long-term platelet priming after glycoprotein VI stimulation in comparison to Protease-Activating Receptor (PAR) stimulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247425. [PMID: 33657162 PMCID: PMC7928515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets can respond to multiple antagonists and agonists, implying that their activation state is a consequence of past exposure to these substances. While platelets are often considered as one-time responsive cells, they likely can respond to sequential application of inhibitors and stimuli. We hypothesized that the ability of platelets to sequentially respond depends on the time and type of repeated agonist application. The present proof-of-concept data show that iloprost (cAMP elevation), tirofiban (integrin αIIbβ3 blocker) and Syk kinase inhibition subacutely modulated platelet aggregation, i.e. halted this process even when applied after agonist. In comparison to thrombin-activated receptor (PAR) stimulation, glycoprotein VI (GPVI) stimulation was less sensitive to time-dependent blockage of aggregation, with Syk inhibition as an exception. Furthermore, cytosolic Ca2+ measurements indicated that, when compared to PAR, prior GPVI stimulation induced a more persistent, priming activation state of platelets that influenced the response to a next agent. Overall, these data point to an unexpected priming memory of activated platelets in subacutely responding to another inhibitor or stimulus, with a higher versatility and faster offset after PAR stimulation than after GPVI stimulation.
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