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Wang J, Du Y, Jiang L, Li J, Yu B, Ren C, Yan T, Jia Y, He B. LC-MS/MS-based chemical profiling of water extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves and pharmacokinetics of their major constituents in rat plasma. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101585. [PMID: 39027684 PMCID: PMC11255104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) are native to India and have high biological activities. To better understand the basic pharmacodynamic materials, the chemical components in MOL and their pharmacokinetic properties were studied and quantitated using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. Forty-two compounds were identified, including phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, nucleosides, alkaloids, and other compounds. Two phenolic acids and six flavonoids were studied for their pharmacokinetic properties using UHPLC-MS/MS. Precision, accuracy, stability, matrix effects, and extraction recovery were verified. All substances that were measured reached their maximum within 0.5 h. Vicenin-2 had a high peak concentration and bioavailability. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside had a longer biological half-life than other components. The results from this study provide the data basis for subsequent comprehensive qualitative evaluation and potential MOL use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiyang Du
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiahe Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chuang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
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Kondrashina A, Arranz E, Cilla A, Faria MA, Santos-Hernández M, Miralles B, Hashemi N, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Barberá R, Mamone G, Tomás-Cobos L, Bastiaan-Net S, Corredig M, Giblin L. Coupling in vitro food digestion with in vitro epithelial absorption; recommendations for biocompatibility. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:9618-9636. [PMID: 37233192 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2214628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As food transits the gastrointestinal tract, food structures are disrupted and nutrients are absorbed across the gut barrier. In the past decade, great efforts have focused on the creation of a consensus gastrointestinal digestion protocol (i.e., INFOGEST method) to mimic digestion in the upper gut. However, to better determine the fate of food components, it is also critical to mimic food absorption in vitro. This is usually performed by treating polarized epithelial cells (i.e., differentiated Caco-2 monolayers) with food digesta. This food digesta contains digestive enzymes and bile salts, and if following the INFOGEST protocol, at concentrations that although physiologically relevant are harmful to cells. The lack of a harmonized protocol on how to prepare the food digesta samples for downstream Caco-2 studies creates challenges in comparing inter laboratory results. This article aims to critically review the current detoxification practices, highlight potential routes and their limitations, and recommend common approaches to ensure food digesta is biocompatible with Caco-2 monolayers. Our ultimate aim is to agree a harmonized consensus protocol or framework for in vitro studies focused on the absorption of food components across the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kondrashina
- Global Research and Technology Centre, H&H Group, H&H Research, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Elena Arranz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Santos-Hernández
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Negin Hashemi
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jette F Young
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Mamone
- Institute of Food Sciences - National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lidia Tomás-Cobos
- In vitro preclinical studies department, AINIA, Avenida Benjamín Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
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Vargas-Madriz ÁF, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Moreno-Celis U, Roldán-Padrón O, Chávez-Servín JL, Vergara-Castañeda HA, Martínez-Pacheco M, Mejía C, García-Gasca T, Kuri-García A. Comparison of Phytochemical Composition and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of an Extract from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. I. Johnst and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. and Biological Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1987. [PMID: 37653904 PMCID: PMC10222540 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (CA) and Porophyllum ruderale (PR) are representative edible plants that are a traditional food source in Mexico. This research aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition and untargeted metabolomics analysis of CA and PR and evaluate their antiproliferative effect in vitro. The phytochemical composition (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS-ESI) identified up to 38 polyphenols and selected organic acids that were clustered by the untargeted metabolomics in functional activities linked to indolizidines, pyridines, and organic acids. Compared with PR, CA displayed a higher reduction in the metabolic activity of human SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells (LC50: 10.65 mg/mL), and both extracts increased the total apoptotic cells and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. PR increased mRNA Apc gene expression, whereas both extracts reduced mRNA Kras expression. Rutin/epigallocatechin gallate displayed the highest affinity to APC and K-RAS proteins in silico. Further research is needed to experiment on other cell lines. Results suggested that CA and PR are polyphenol-rich plant sources exhibiting antiproliferative effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Félix Vargas-Madriz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Ulisses Moreno-Celis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
| | - Octavio Roldán-Padrón
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
| | - Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
| | - Haydé A. Vergara-Castañeda
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Mónica Martínez-Pacheco
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Interdisciplinaria, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Carmen Mejía
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
| | - Aarón Kuri-García
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (U.M.-C.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.C.-S.); (M.M.-P.); (C.M.)
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Vélez-Vargas LC, Santa-González GA, Uribe D, Henao-Castañeda IC, Pedroza-Díaz J. In Vitro and In Silico Study on the Impact of Chlorogenic Acid in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Interaction with β-Catenin and LRP6. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:276. [PMID: 37259421 PMCID: PMC9960681 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer mortality rate and highly altered proteins from the Wnt/β-catenin pathway increase the scientific community's interest in finding alternatives for prevention and treatment. This study aims to determine the biological effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on two colorectal cancer cell lines, HT-29 and SW480, and its interactions with β-catenin and LRP6 to elucidate a possible modulatory mechanism on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These effects were determined by propidium iodide and DiOC6 for mitochondrial membrane permeability, MitoTracker Red for mitochondrial ROS production, DNA content for cell distribution on cell cycle phases, and molecular docking for protein-ligand interactions and binding affinity. Here, it was found that CGA at 2000 µM significantly affects cell viability and causes DNA fragmentation in SW480 cells rather than in HT-29 cells, but in both cell lines, it induces ROS production. Additionally, CGA has similar affinity and interactions for LRP6 as niclosamide but has a higher affinity for both β-catenin sites than C2 and iCRT14. These results suggest a possible modulatory role of CGA over the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Catalina Vélez-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Gloria A. Santa-González
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Diego Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Isabel C. Henao-Castañeda
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Johanna Pedroza-Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
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Lim SJ, Kwon HC, Shin DM, Choi YJ, Han SG, Kim YJ, Han SG. Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids-Rich Fermented Pistachio Milk in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010189. [PMID: 36613403 PMCID: PMC9818824 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistachio milk (PM), an extraction product of pistachio, is protein- and fat-dense food. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known for inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. This study aimed to find an optimal combination of probiotics that can produce a higher amount of SCFAs in PM. In addition, the anti-cancer effect of fermented PM on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2) was determined. The combinations of probiotics were as follows: Streptococcus thermophilus + Lactobacillus bulgaricus (C); C + Lactobacillus acidophilus (C-La); C + Lactobacillus gasseri (C-Lg); C + Bifidobacterium bifidum (C-Bb). The results indicated that fermented PM was produced after a short fermentation time in all the probiotics combinations. C-Bb produced up to 1.5-fold more acetate than the other probiotics combinations did. A significant amount of cytotoxicity, i.e., 78, 56, and 29% cell viability was observed in Caco-2 cells by C-Bb-fermented PM at 1, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. C-Bb-fermented PM (5%) induced early and late apoptosis up to 6-fold. Additionally, Caco-2 cells treated with C-Bb-fermented PM significantly induced the downregulation of α-tubulin and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, as well as nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Our data suggest that fermented PM, which is rich in acetate, may have the potential as a functional food possessing anti-colon cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Cheol Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Cuellar-Nuñez ML, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Lee-Martínez S, Larrauri-Rodríguez M, Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea G, Pérez-Serrano RM, Camacho-Calderón N. Isothiocyanate-Rich Extracts from Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis) and Radish ( Raphanus sativus) Inhibited Metabolic Activity and Induced ROS in Selected Human HCT116 and HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214919. [PMID: 36429638 PMCID: PMC9691161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower and radish contain isothiocyanates exhibiting chemoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. This research aimed to assess the impact of cauliflower (CIE) and radish (RIE) isothiocyanate extracts on the metabolic activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and LDH production of selected human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT116 and HT-29 for early and late colon cancer development, respectively). Non-cancerous colon cells (CCD-33Co) were used as a cytotoxicity control. The CIE samples displayed the highest allyl isothiocyanate (AITC: 12.55 µg/g) contents, whereas RIE was the most abundant in benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC: 15.35 µg/g). Both extracts effectively inhibited HCT116 and HT-29 metabolic activity, but the CIE impact was higher than that of RIE on HCT116 (IC50: 0.56 mg/mL). Assays using the half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of all treatments, including AITC and BITC, displayed increased (p < 0.05) LDH (absorbance: 0.25-0.40 nm) and ROS release (1190-1697 relative fluorescence units) in both cell lines. BITC showed the highest in silico binding affinity with all the tested colorectal cancer molecular markers (NF-kB, β-catenin, and NRF2-NFE2). The theoretical evaluation of AITC and BITC bioavailability showed high values for both compounds. The results indicate that CIE and RIE extracts display chemopreventive effects in vitro, but additional experiments are needed to validate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardey Liceth Cuellar-Nuñez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Sarah Lee-Martínez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Michelle Larrauri-Rodríguez
- Licenciatura en Medicina General, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Camacho-Calderón
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
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Wu YY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Anti-Cancer and Medicinal Potentials of Moringa Isothiocyanate. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247512. [PMID: 34946594 PMCID: PMC8708952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a common herb, rich in plant compounds. It has a variety of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, etc., which can be obtained in different body parts of M. oleifera. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from M. oleifera are one class of these active substances that can inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways, thus curbing cancer migration and metastasis, at the same time they have little adverse effect on normal cells. There are multiple variants of ITCs in M. oleifera, but the predominant phytochemical is 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, also known as moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1). Studies have shown that MIC-1 has the possibility to be used clinically for the treatment of diabetes, neurologic diseases, obesity, ulcerative colitis, and several cancer types. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer and anti-chronic disease effects of MIC-1, current trends, and future direction of MIC-1 based treatment strategies. This review combines the relevant literature of the past 10 years, in order to provide more comprehensive information of MIC-1 and to fully exploit its potentiality in the clinical settings.
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Merwid-Ląd A, Ksiądzyna D, Hałoń A, Szkudlarek D, Trocha M, Szandruk-Bender M, Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Sozański T, Kuźniar A, Szeląg A. Morin-5'-Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt (NaMSA) Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Histological Changes in Genitourinary Tract in Rats-Short Report. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030192. [PMID: 33652916 PMCID: PMC7996932 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPX) exerts toxicity in the urogenital system. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of morin-5′-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMSA) on CPX-induced urogenital toxicity in rats. NaMSA (100 mg/kg/daily) and CPX (15 mg/kg/daily) alone or in combination and 0.9% NaCl (as a control) were given intragastrically for 10 days. Testes and epididymes from male and urinary bladders from male and female rats were evaluated histologically. In testes and epididymes, morphological changes and relative decrease in sperm count were assessed. In urinary bladders edema, hemorrhage and urothelium erosions were described by 0–2 points scoring system. Reproductive score (RS—in total 6 points) and urinary bladder score (BS—in total 6 points) were thereafter calculated. In CPX-receiving group RS (2.7) and BS (3.3) were significantly higher than in the control (0.5 and 0.25 for RS and BS, respectively). Co-administration of NaMSA reversed most of the morphological changes, which was reflected by lower RS and BS score (0.5 and 1.2 for RS and BS, respectively). The preliminary findings suggest that NaMSA may attenuate CPX-induced histological changes in rat urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merwid-Ląd
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-1442
| | - Dorota Ksiądzyna
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Hałoń
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Danuta Szkudlarek
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Marcinkowkiego 1, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Szandruk-Bender
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Kuźniar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (D.K.); (M.T.); (M.S.-B.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (T.S.); (A.S.)
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