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Souza JL, Moraes MT, Galera LA, Abdalla Filho AL, Navarro AB, Junior AA, Mazola YT, Alvarez DO, Camargo PB, Martinelli LA. Identifying the composition of commercial Brazilian cat food with stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:346-357. [PMID: 32508164 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1771331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the increasing pet owner's concern about the food their pets are consuming, in this study we investigated the origin of the main ingredients in wet and dry foods produced in Brazil using stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen. We concluded that chicken and pork seem to be the dominant ingredients in most of the samples, with larger proportions in wet cat food. Even in pet foods showing 'beef' as the main ingredient on the label, we found a low proportion of bovine products in both wet and dry cat foods. Comparing the contribution of plant-derived products (C3 and C4 plants) and animal-derived products (chicken-pork, bovine and fish), approximately 21 % of cat foods had more than 30 % of ingredients with plant origin in their composition. The high amount of plant-derived products in cat foods found here raises the question whether this should be mentioned on package labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina L Souza
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Moacir T Moraes
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leonardo A Galera
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla Filho
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana B Navarro
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alci Albiero Junior
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Yuniel T Mazola
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Dasiel O Alvarez
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Plínio B Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiz A Martinelli
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Nardoto GB, da Silva RJ, Schor T, Garavello MEPE, da Silva MRF, Rodrigues LPF, Murrieta RSS, Camilo EA, Reinaldo EDF, de Aquino FC, da Silva EA, de Camargo PB, Moreira MZ, Mazzi EA, Duarte-Neto PJ, Martinelli LA. Mapping carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of fingernails to demonstrate a rural-urban nutrition transition in the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:650-663. [PMID: 32491211 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to investigate diet patterns among rural and urban populations of the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil through the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of fingernails, recognizing that the extent of market integration is a key driver of food consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil, fingernails were sampled in clusters encompassing a major city, town, and rural village. A total of 2,133 fingernails were analyzed. Fingernails were clipped by donors using fingernail clippers. In the laboratory, samples were cleaned then weighed in small tin capsules before being isotopically analyzed for carbon and nitrogen. RESULTS The overall mean δ13 C and δ15 N were -19.7 ± 2.8‰ and 10.6 ± 1.1‰, respectively. In the more remote villages, where access to food markets is more challenging, lower δ13 C prevails, suggesting that Brazilian staple foods (rice, beans, and farinha) still dominate. In areas with easier access to food markets, δ13 C values were higher, suggesting a change to a diet based on C4 plants, typical of a Brazilian supermarket diet. The variability among inhabitants in the same location expressed by a significant inverse correlation between δ13 C and δ15 N fingernail values suggested that "market integration" does not affect everyone equally in each community. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The nutrition transition has not yet reached some remote villages in these regions of Brazil or that the nutrition transition has not yet reached all residents of these remote villages. On the other hand, in several villages there is a considerable adherence to the supermarket diet or that some residents of these villages are already favoring processed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B Nardoto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Schor
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Regina F da Silva
- Departamento de Gestão Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Sergio S Murrieta
- Laboratório de Arqueologia, Antropologia Ambiental e Evolutiva (LAAAE), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen A Camilo
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emanoella D F Reinaldo
- Departamento de Gestão Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | | | - Plinio B de Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Edmar A Mazzi
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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