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Thompson M, Maldonado N, Srihari C, McFarlane A, Patrie J, Fernandez R, Sudhir A. Trainee burnout: Are there modifiable factors? CLINICAL TEACHER 2024; 21:e13767. [PMID: 38664946 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a complex phenomenon and a major concern in graduate medical education as it directly impacts trainee well-being. Identifying modifiable lifestyle factors over which trainees have immediate control could support timely, actionable, individual and programme-level interventions to combat it. OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study is to describe modifiable lifestyle factors that may limit the development of burnout in medical residents and fellows. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of residents and fellows at academic medical centre from September 2017 to October 2017. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a questionnaire designed to identify factors hypothesised to be protective against burnout. FINDINGS A total of 205/805 (25%) trainees completed the survey with a mean (SD) age of 29.7 (2.6) years. 52% (n = 107) were female. Averaging at least 7 h of sleep per night was found to have a significant association with lower scores for the emotional exhaustion (24.8 [11, p = 0.04]) and depersonalisation (11.1 [6.4, p = 0.02]) dimensions of burnout. Additionally, self-identifying as a healthy eater was found to have a significant association with lower scores for emotional exhaustion (25 [11.5, p = 0.03]) and depersonalisation (11.5 [6.6, p = 0.04]) as well. Workouts, hobbies, identifying with organised religion, praying, meditation and mindfulness activities were not associated with a difference. CONCLUSIONS Adequate sleep (7 or more hours per night) and healthy eating are modifiable individual-level lifestyle factors associated with lower burnout scores in trainees. These items could be a target for trainee education and programme level support initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Thompson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Maldonado
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline Srihari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Antionette McFarlane
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rosemarie Fernandez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amita Sudhir
- University of Virginia Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Aucoin M, LaChance L, van der Wurff I, McLaren M, Monteiro S, Miller S, Jenkins A, Sabri E, Cooley K. Dietary counseling plus omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a randomized wait-list controlled pilot trial (the 'EASe-GAD Trial'). Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39316026 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2403901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical evidence suggests that nutrition interventions can significantly improve symptoms of major depressive disorder; however, the effect on clinical anxiety symptoms in individuals with anxiety disorders has not been studied. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a nutrition intervention. The secondary objectives included assessing changes in anxiety symptom severity, diet quality, self-efficacy, mindful eating, quality of life, and biomarkers. METHODS This study was a randomized, wait-list controlled pilot trial delivering a 12-week, biweekly dietary counseling intervention and omega-3 supplementation to 50 adult women with generalized anxiety disorder. Questionnaires and blood work were completed at baseline, after the waiting period, and after the intervention. RESULTS 443 individuals expressed interest within eight months; 50 met the criteria for enrollment. The mean number of sessions attended was 6.4. Final questionnaires were completed by 46 participants. Eighty-four percent of participants strongly agreed with the statement 'My experience during this study was positive'. The mean anxiety symptom severity score in the intervention group was 26.2 (95% CI 22.94-29.48) at baseline and 11.0 (95% CI 8.05-13.87) at week 12. The mean diet quality score was 7.2 (95% CI 6.32-8.10) and 10.5 (95% CI 9.55-11.49) at baseline and week 12, respectively. Among the waitlist participants, the mean baseline anxiety score was 29.3 (95% CI 24.73-33.91) and 26.8 (95% CI 22.09-31.56) at week 12. DISCUSSION This study was feasible and acceptable. Participation in the intervention was associated with a decrease in anxiety symptoms. These findings lay the foundation for large-scale studies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05573672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Aucoin
- Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Laura LaChance
- Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Mary's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Inge van der Wurff
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Meagan McLaren
- Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sasha Monteiro
- Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Elham Sabri
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Xu QH, Yang T, Jiang KY, Liu JD, Guo HH, Xia EQ. The association between the number of food kinds and risk of depression in U.S. adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2575. [PMID: 39304862 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the number of food kinds and the risk of depression in adults was examined. METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 4593 adults were included in the study. The number of food kinds was collected via 24‒hour dietary recalls. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‒9. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the association between the number of food kinds and the risk of depression. RESULTS This study included 4593 study participants, 451 of whom were diagnosed with depression. The revised advantage ratios (with corresponding confidence intervals) for the prevalence of depression among individuals in the fourth quartiles of the number of food kinds (Q4) in comparison to the lowest quartile (Q1) were determined to be 0.59 (0.36‒0.96), respectively. According to our subgroup analyses, the number of food kinds was negatively associated with the risk of depression in females, participants aged 18‒45 and 45‒65 years, and participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 24.9 kg/m2. According to our dose‒response analysis, the number of food kinds was linearly associated with the risk of depression (Pfor nonlinear=0.5896). CONCLUSION The risk of depression exhibited a linear and negative correlation with the number of food kinds. The results indicated that a diversified diet was an effective nonpharmacological approach that deserved further generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hui Xu
- School of Public Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524003, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Public Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524003, China
| | - Ke-Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524003, China
| | - Jin-Dong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524003, China
| | - Hong-Hui Guo
- School of Public Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524003, China
| | - En-Qin Xia
- School of Public Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524003, China.
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Cabrera-Suárez BM, Hernández-Fleta JL, Molero P, González-Pinto A, Lahortiga F, Cabrera C, Chiclana-Actis C, Sánchez-Villegas A. Mediterranean diet-based intervention to improve depressive symptoms: analysis of the PREDIDEP randomized trial. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:951-961. [PMID: 37990906 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2283290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of an intervention based on Mediterranean diet on reducing recurrence risk or subsyndromal depressive symptoms in recovered depressed patients has not been explored. METHODS The PREDIDEP study was a two-year randomized trial designed to assess the effect of the Mediterranean Diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil on depression recurrence. At baseline and at four, eight, 16, 20, and 24 months of follow-up, depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Beck Depression inventory. Cox regression analysis was fitted to assess the role of dietary intervention on the risk of depression recurrence. Mixed effects linear models were used to assess changes in depressive subsyndromal symptoms according to the intervention. RESULTS After two years of intervention, the dietary intervention group (n = 103) compared to the control group (n = 93) showed no differences regarding depression recurrence risk as main outcome. As secondary outcomes, an improvement of depressive symptoms was yielded at four (-2.15; 95% CI = -4.00 to -0.29) and eight months (-2.42; 95% CI = -4.17 to -0.67) in the intervention group, with no changes in control group. Moreover, at 20 months, significant differences were found between groups (-3.35; 95% CI = -6.08 to -0.61). CONCLUSIONS An intervention with Mediterranean diet in patients with previous depressive episodes might contribute to the reduction of depressive subsyndromal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Cabrera-Suárez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose L Hernández-Fleta
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA, Hospital Universitario de Alava, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisca Lahortiga
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabrera
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Lugon G, Hernáez Á, Jacka FN, Marrugat J, Ramos R, Garre-Olmo J, Elosua R, Lassale C. Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03466-z. [PMID: 39180556 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine the association between diet quality and depression incidence in the population-based REGICOR cohort study, Catalonia, Spain. METHODS Prospective observational study using participants' baseline (2003-2006), follow-up (2007-2013) and clinical records data. Five diet quality scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline: the relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED), the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (ModMDS), a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, a Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI) and the World Health Organization Healthy Diet Indicator (WHO-HDI). Participants using pharmacological antidepressant treatment were excluded as a proxy for presence of depression at baseline. At follow-up, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was applied to assess depressive symptoms (≥ 10 defining depressive disorder). A secondary outcome was depression diagnosis assessed through clinical records. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used. RESULTS Main analysis included 3046 adults (50.3% women) with a mean age of 54.7 (SD = 11.6) years. After 6-years follow-up, 184 (6.04%) cases of depressive disorder were identified. There was 16% lower odds of depressive disorder per 1SD increase of rMED (OR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.71-0.98). Secondary outcome analysis (n = 4789) identified 261 (5.45%) incident cases of clinical depression diagnosis over 12 years follow-up, and 19% lower risk of clinical depression was observed with the WHO-HDI (HR = 0.81; 95%CI = 0.70-0.93). Adjusting for BMI did not attenuate the findings. CONCLUSIONS A significant inverse association between diet quality and depression incidence was found in this population-based cohort study, independent of sociodemographic, health and lifestyle. Adherence to a healthy diet could be a complementary intervention for the prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lugon
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit PSMar-UPF-ASPB (Parc de Salut Mar - Pompeu Fabra University - Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Facultat de Ciènces de la Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research - Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felice N Jacka
- School of Medicine, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research - Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Garre-Olmo
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Serra-Húnter Professor Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research - Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Camille Lassale
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research - Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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Tobin D, Vuckovic A, Sarris J. Targeting Divergent Pathways in the Nutritional Management of Depression. Nutrients 2024; 16:2806. [PMID: 39203943 PMCID: PMC11357244 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional management of depression has long been discussed, due to the perceived benefit of a nutritional product having less side effects than pharmaceutical agents. Candidate nutrients for managing depression include vitamin D, B vitamins, tryptophan, branch chain amino acids, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, folate/methylfolate (also known as vitamin B9), and s-adenosylmethionine. This paper provides a narrative review of three nutrients which have significant scientific support for the management of depression. A deficiency in each nutrient is associated with depression, and interventional studies indicate that the correction of the nutritional deficiency may provide clinical benefit. We present epidemiological evidence, a mechanistic explanation and a review of interventional studies for these nutrients. Finally, relevant nutritional guidelines are presented with their conclusion for the role of each nutrient in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Hussain S. Fruit for thought. Australas Psychiatry 2024; 32:383-386. [PMID: 38770659 DOI: 10.1177/10398562241253171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This commentary discusses the New Zealand Labour Party's announcement to remove tax on fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables. It aims to explore its potential impact on the psychological well-being of New Zealanders in the context of the growing global burden of mental illnesses in the current food environment. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tax exemption on fruits and vegetables demonstrates the government's commitment to improving the food environment. While the precise mental health effects of this potential tax change remain unstudied, existing evidence suggests a positive impact on New Zealanders' well-being, marking a pivotal step in addressing broader health issues and fostering a healthier, more equitable food landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Hussain
- Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chowdhury U, Bubis S, Nagorny K, Welch M, Rosenberg L, Begdache L. Effects of Mediterranean and Western dietary patterns on perceived stress and mental distress. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241263375. [PMID: 39051614 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241263375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the Western diet, the Mediterranean diet has many known benefits for both mental health and physical health; however, little is known about the effect of these dietary patterns on perceived stress and mental distress. To assess the relationship between dietary patterns, perceived stress and mental wellbeing, an anonymous online questionnaire targeting adults 18 and older was distributed via several social media platforms and email listservs. The survey included demographic questions, the Food-Mood Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K-6). A total of 1591 participants completed the survey. The data was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient in SPSS version 28.0. The results showed significant negative correlations between perceived stress and mental distress with several components of the Mediterranean diet, such as whole grains, seafood, fruits, vegetables, and beans. Despite being attributed to the Western diet, meat produced a negative correlation with perceived stress and mental distress. However, significant positive correlations between perceived stress and mental distress and the Western diet, such as fast food and high glycemic index food, were detected. Our findings provide evidence that dietary patterns modulate the stress response and suggest that incorporating components of the Mediterranean diet is beneficial for mental wellbeing and stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushima Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, US
| | - Sabrina Bubis
- Department of Biology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, US
| | - Katerina Nagorny
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, US
| | - Megan Welch
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, US
| | - Lexis Rosenberg
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, US
| | - Lina Begdache
- Department of Health and Wellness, Binghamton University, Binghamton, US
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Uffelman CN, Harold R, Hodson ES, Chan NI, Foti D, Campbell WW. Effects of Consuming White Button and Oyster Mushrooms within a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern on Changes in Subjective Indexes of Brain Health or Cognitive Function in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Foods 2024; 13:2319. [PMID: 39123511 PMCID: PMC11311880 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited research suggests mushroom consumption may improve indexes of brain health. Mushrooms contain bioactive compounds and antioxidants capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and impacting vital neurological processes. We conducted a randomized controlled feeding trial assessing the effects of adopting a healthy U.S. Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MED) with or without mushrooms on indexes of brain health and well-being. Sixty adults (aged 46 ± 12 y; BMI 28.3 ± 2.84 kg/m2; mean ± SD) without severe depression consumed a fully controlled MED diet with 84 g/d of mushrooms (4 d/week white button and 3 d/week oyster) or without (control with breadcrumbs) for 8 weeks. At baseline and post-intervention, surveys were used to evaluate anxiety, depression, mood, and well-being, and behavioral tests were used to evaluate cognition. Consumption of the MED diet, with or without mushrooms, increased (improved) self-reported vigor/activity (Time p = 0.026) and both behavioral measures of immediate memory (Time p < 0.05). Mixed effects were observed for other domains of neuropsychological function, and there were no changes in other measured indexes of brain health with the consumption of either MED diet. Adopting a healthy MED-style dietary pattern, with or without consuming white button and oyster mushrooms, may improve vigor/activity and immediate memory among middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassi N. Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (E.S.H.); (N.I.C.)
| | - Roslyn Harold
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emily S. Hodson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (E.S.H.); (N.I.C.)
| | - Nok In Chan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (E.S.H.); (N.I.C.)
| | - Daniel Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (E.S.H.); (N.I.C.)
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Panchal P, Shanbagh G, Upendra S, Menon KC. Nutrition Care Practices in Mental Health Nursing Services: Insights from a Preliminary Study from Pune, Maharashtra, India. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39024263 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240712-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess nutrition care practices in selected mental health care facilities in Pune, Maharashtra, India. METHOD A preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals (N = 100) residing in five private mental health care facilities. Data were collected on diet quality, nutritional status, and health status of adult patients with mild to moderate mental health disorders. Food safety practices of the care facilities were also investigated. RESULTS Of 100 recruited participants, 68% were over-nourished (body mass index >23 kg/m2), 32% were given vitamin B complex supplements, 81% used antipsychotic drugs, and 72% reported drug-induced gastric issues. Most participants (n = 71; 71%) consumed medium-quality diets (four to five food groups per day). Food sanitation and hygiene scores indicated fair standards (range = 46% to 51%) at these facilities. Further, partial compliance with World Health Organization guidelines was observed. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the need for induction of nutritionists or, in their absence, additional nutrition training for mental health nurses to enhance diet quality, nutritional and health status of patients, and food safety. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].
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Byrne-Kirk M, Mantzioris E, Scannell N, Villani A. Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and severity of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women from Australia: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03462-3. [PMID: 39026104 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the independent associations between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and severity of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women living in Australia. METHODS Dietary adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms, and the 36-item short form survey instrument (SF-36) was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS A total of n = 207 participants (50.7 ± 4.3 years; BMI: 28.0 ± 7.4 kg/m2) were included in the final analyses. Participants reported low-moderate adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (5.2 ± 1.8; range: 1-11). Adherence was not associated with severity of menopausal symptoms. However, low consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was inversely associated with joint and muscle complaints, independent of all covariates (β = -0.149; CI: -0.118, -0.022; P = 0.042). Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet was positively associated with the physical function subscale of HRQoL (β = 0.173, CI: 0.001, 0.029; P = 0.031) and a low intake of red and processed meat was positively associated with the general health subscale (β = 0.296, CI: 0.005, 0.014; P = < 0.001). CONCLUSION Diet quality may be related to severity of menopausal symptoms and HRQoL in perimenopausal and menopausal women. However, exploration of these findings using longitudinal analyses and robust clinical trials are needed to better elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitilde Byrne-Kirk
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences & Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicole Scannell
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
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Ross FC, Patangia D, Grimaud G, Lavelle A, Dempsey EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4. [PMID: 39009882 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Diet has a pivotal role in shaping the composition, function and diversity of the gut microbiome, with various diets having a profound impact on the stability, functionality and diversity of the microbial community within our gut. Understanding the profound impact of varied diets on the microbiome is crucial, as it will enable us not only to make well-informed dietary decisions for better metabolic and intestinal health, but also to prevent and slow the onset of specific diet-related diseases that stem from suboptimal diets. In this Review, we explore how geographical location affects the gut microbiome and how different diets shape its composition and function. We examine the mechanisms by which whole dietary regimes, such as the Mediterranean diet, high-fibre diet, plant-based diet, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet and Western diet, influence the gut microbiome. Furthermore, we underscore the need for exhaustive studies to better understand the causal relationship between diet, host and microorganisms for the development of precision nutrition and microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati Patangia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ghjuvan Grimaud
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Ge H, Dong S, Su W, Guan W, Yu Q, Liu Y, Qi Y, Sun X, Zhang H, Ma G. Relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms in patients with multimorbidity: the chained mediating role of cognitive function and activities of daily living. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1844. [PMID: 38987791 PMCID: PMC11234698 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential mechanisms linking social participation and depressive symptoms in Chinese individuals with multimorbidity are not yet fully understood. This study aims to explore how cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADLs) mediate the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms in individuals with multimorbidity. METHODS We selected 3782 participants with multimorbidity from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Data related to social participation, cognitive function, ADLs, and depressive symptoms were extracted. Regression and Bootstrap analyses were used to explore the sequential mediating effects of social participation, cognitive function, ADLs, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS (1) There was a significant correlation between social participation, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). (2) Social participation directly affected depressive symptoms (β = -0.205, p < 0.05). (3) Cognitive function (β = -0.070, p < 0.01) and activities of daily living (β = -0.058, p < 0.01) played separate mediating roles in the effect of social participation on depressive symptoms. (4) Cognitive function and activities of daily living had a chain-mediated role in the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms in patients with multimorbidity (β = -0.020, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION A chained mediating effect was found between cognitive function, ADLs, social participation, and depressive symptoms in patients with multimorbidity. Social participation was found to improve the cognitive function of patients with multimorbidity, which in turn enhanced their daily life activities and ultimately alleviated their depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiju Ge
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shihong Dong
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Su
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weimin Guan
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shandong Cancer Research Institute (Shandong Tumor Hospital), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuantao Qi
- Shandong Cancer Research Institute (Shandong Tumor Hospital), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xialing Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Guifeng Ma
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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14
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Zhou J, Wang H, Pao C, Zhou J, Zou Z. Association between 29 food groups of diet quality questionnaire and perceived stress in Chinese adults: a prospective study from China health and nutrition survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1832. [PMID: 38982411 PMCID: PMC11234725 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet plays a fundamental role in promoting resilience against stress-related disorders. We aimed to examine the overall and sex-specific association between food groups and perceived stress in adults. METHODS We analyzed the prospective data of 7,434 adults who completed both the 2011 and 2015 surveys of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) was used to code all the food items of 2011 dietary intake into 29 food groups, and perceived stress in 2015 was measured using a 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Univariate analysis and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between food groups and perceived stress. RESULTS People who perceived a higher level of stress (PSS-14 total score > 25) made up 41.5% and 45.1% of the male and female groups, respectively (χ2 = 9.605, p = 0.002). Individuals with increased intake of food groups such as legumes, other vegetables, other fruits, yogurt, poultry, fish & seafood, fluid milk, and fruit juice were less likely to experience a higher level of psychological stress (OR range: 0.544-0.892, p < 0.05). Additionally, we found sex-specific associations between food groups and perceived stress. The difference in the proportion of food groups, such as fluid milk and fish & seafood, between the two stress groups in men was statistically significant (p < 0.025). In the female group, the distribution of eight food groups, like legumes and nuts & seeds, between the two stress groups was statistically significant (p < 0.025). CONCLUSION This study indicated that food groups were differentially associated with perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Christine Pao
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
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15
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Al Shamsi HSS, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Sohrabi HR, Canovas R, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. The Relationship between Diet, Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300419. [PMID: 38973221 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review evaluates the role of diet in the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS AD and depression are often comorbid, and depression appears to independently increase the future risk of AD. Evidence suggests diet influences the risk of both conditions directly and indirectly. Diet impacts neurochemical and biological processes that may affect the development and progression of depression and cognitive dysfunction. The dietary components offering the greatest protection against depression and AD are yet to be determined. Current evidence highlights the importance of polyphenolic compounds, folate, B vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with adherence to dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet, which includes multiple beneficial dietary factors. SUMMARY The investigation of dietary factors in the prevention of depression and AD is a comparatively young field of research. Comprehensive highly characterised longitudinal datasets and advanced analytical approaches are required to further examine the complex relationship between diet, depression, and AD. There is a critical need for more research in this area to develop effective preventive strategies aimed at maintaining mental and physical health with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Salim Said Al Shamsi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Canovas
- Health & Biosecurity, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Warnakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Logan AC, D'Adamo CR, Pizzorno JE, Prescott SL. "Food faddists and pseudoscientists!": Reflections on the history of resistance to ultra-processed foods. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:470-476. [PMID: 38176973 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The term 'ultra-processed food' emerged in the 1980s, mostly used in reference to highly-processed convenience foods and snacks, often energy-dense, poor in nutrients, and inclusive of various synthetic additives such as emulsifiers, colors, artificial sweeteners, and/or flavor enhancers. Concern over such foods was part of the growing holistic and environmental health movements of the 1970-80s; yet, those who raised alarm about the encroachment of ultra-processed foods were often labeled, especially by industry and their powerful allies, as 'food faddists' and 'pseudoscientists'. Today, the topic of ultra-processed foods is generating massive personal, public, and planetary health interest. However, other than discussing the history of the NOVA food classification system, a useful tool that has allowed researchers to more accurately separate foods based on processing, most lay media and academic articles are ahistorical. That is, there is a tendency to present the term ultra-processed food(s) as a relatively new entrance into the lexicon, and by default, the idea that health-related pushback on ultra-processed foods is a relatively new phenomenon. This omission overlooks decades of determined advocacy and clinical work, much of it by pioneers within the holistic medicine (now integrative, functional, and lifestyle medicine) movement. Here in this reflection paper, the authors will use historical research and reporting to fill in the historical gap and articulate the saliency of why it matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Logan
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Christopher R D'Adamo
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Susan L Prescott
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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17
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Hansen NM, Kamper AL, Rix M, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Berg P, Astrup A, Salomo L. Health-Related Quality of Life during 26-Week Intervention with the New Nordic Renal Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:2038. [PMID: 38999786 PMCID: PMC11243029 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The New Nordic Renal Diet (NNRD) is a whole-food approach, tailored to meet recommended guidelines in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (stage 3b-4). The NNRD improved various metabolic and physiological endpoints during a 26-week randomized controlled study. Here, we examined the effect of dietary intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Sixty participants were recruited (NNRD group n = 30, control group n = 30) and 58 completed the study. During the intervention, the NNRD group received food boxes, and recipes once a week. The control group continued their habitual diet. HRQoL was examined at baseline and at the end of the intervention using the validated EuroQol-5D-5L, including a 5-point scale Likert questionnaire at the end of the intervention. Assessed by the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire, the NNRD group experienced a reduction in pain/discomfort during the intervention by 26% [-0.44 points (95% CI; -0.73, -0.16)], compared with no change in the control group [0.25 points (95% CI; -0.02, 0.53)] and a between-group difference of -0.70 points (95% CI; -1.03, -0.37, p < 0.001). A larger decrease of body fat mass was associated with a larger decrease in pain/discomfort (p = 0.014). In addition, the NNRD group reported an overall improvement in conducting usual daily activities by 23% [-0.30-point (95% CI; -0.50, -0.11)], while no change was seen in the control group [-0.02 points (95% CI; -0.21, 0.17)], with a between-group difference -0.28 points (95% CI; -0.51, -0.06, p = 0.014). A larger decrease in 24 h urine phosphorus excretion, used as a marker of compliance, was associated with a larger improvement in conducting usual daily activities (p = 0.036). The NNRD group had a clinically relevant improvement in various HRQoL outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Misella Hansen
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Lise Kamper
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Rix
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peder Berg
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Louise Salomo
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Velichkov M, Bezur Z, van Reekum CM, Williams CM. A biphasic response to blueberry supplementation on depressive symptoms in emerging adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1071-1088. [PMID: 38300292 PMCID: PMC11139700 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to examine the acute and chronic effects of wild blueberry supplementation on mood, executive function, and serum biomarkers of neuroplasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in emerging adults with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. METHODS In this double-blind trial, 60 emerging adults (Mage = 20.0 years, 32% male) with self-reported depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to receive a single blueberry drink (acute phase), followed by 6 weeks of daily blueberry supplementation (chronic phase), or a matched placebo drink. The primary outcome was Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores at 6-week follow-up. Further measures included momentary affect (PANAS-X) and accuracy on an executive function task. The data were analyzed using ANCOVAs adjusted for baseline values, sex, and habitual fruit and vegetable intake. Estimated marginal means were calculated to compare the treatment arms. RESULTS The blueberry drink significantly improved positive affect (p = 0.026) and executive function (p = 0.025) at 2 h post-ingestion, with change scores being positively correlated in the blueberry group (r = 0.424, p = 0.017). However, after six weeks of supplementation the reduction in BDI-II scores was greater in the placebo group by 5.8 points (95% CI: 0.8-10.7, p = 0.023). Generalized anxiety and anhedonia also decreased significantly more in the placebo group. No significant differences were found for any of the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of wild blueberry supplementation were inferior to placebo in reducing depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, the correlated improvements in positive affect and executive function after a single dose of blueberries point to a beneficial, albeit transient, psychological effect. These contrasting results suggest a biphasic, hormetic-like response that warrants further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04647019, dated 30 November, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Velichkov
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Zsofia Bezur
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Claire M Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Dal N, Bilici S. An Overview of the Potential Role of Nutrition in Mental Disorders in the Light of Advances in Nutripsychiatry. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:69-81. [PMID: 38329691 PMCID: PMC11133159 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As research on the potential impact of nutrition on mental disorders, a significant component of global disability continues to grow the concepts of "nutritional psychiatry, psycho-dietetics/nutripsychiatry" have taken their place in the literature. This review is a comprehensive examination of the literature on the the potential mechanisms between common mental disorders and nutrition and evaluates the effectiveness of dietary interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural plasticity are shown as potential mechanisms in the relationship between mental disorders and nutrition. As a matter of fact, neurotrophic factors, which make important contributions to repair mechanisms throughout life, and neuronal plasticity, which plays a role in mental disorders, are affected by nutritional factors. In metabolism, the antioxidant defense system works with nutritional cofactors and phytochemicals. A balanced, planned diet that provides these components is more likely to provide nutrients that increase resilience against the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Nutrition can be considered a risk factor for mental disorders. Therefore, developing public health strategies focused on improving diet may help reduce the global burden of mental disorders and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursel Dal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Rothenberg M, Nussbaumer-Streit B, Pjrek E, Winkler D. Lifestyle modification as intervention for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:209-219. [PMID: 38653029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bright light therapy (BLT) and pharmacological therapies currently represent the first line treatments for patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Lifestyle modifications offer a diverse field of additional intervention options. Since it is unclear, if lifestyle modifications are effective in SAD patients, this systematic review aims to synthesize the current evidence on their effectiveness and safety. We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing lifestyle modifications (nutrition, exercise, staying outdoors, sleep, social aspects, mindfulness methods) in SAD patients. We defined the primary outcome as the post-therapeutic extent of depressive symptoms, measured by validated psychiatric symptom scales. Due to the insufficient number of studies and the high heterogeneity of the interventions we were not able to calculate a meta-analysis. We identified 6 studies from the following areas of lifestyle modification: diet, exercise, staying outdoors, sleep and music therapy. All studies showed improvements of depression scores in the intervention as well as in the control groups. The risk of bias was rated as high for all studies and the certainty of evidence was rated as very low. The results point towards the possible effectiveness of the interventions examined, but due to the small number of studies found, too small sample sizes and methodological limitations, we cannot draw a valid conclusion about the effectiveness of lifestyle-modifying measures in SAD patients. Larger, high-quality RCTs are needed to make evidence-based recommendations and thus to expand the range of therapeutic options for SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rothenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria; Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, University Hospital Tulln, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria
| | - Edda Pjrek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Jakubowska P, Balcerczyk-Lis M, Fortuna M, Janiak A, Kopaczyńska A, Skwira S, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Influence of Metabolic Dysregulation in the Management of Depressive Disorder-Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1665. [PMID: 38892598 PMCID: PMC11174513 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are heterogeneous in nature, and their global reach makes them the cause of suffering for a million individuals worldwide. Standard treatment does not work for one in three people, and side effects can significantly reduce the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach allows for a broader insight into the nature of the disease, given its complex etiology. One of its elements is the hypothesis of inflammation, which also accompanies obesity-related disease. Obesity and depression interact, causing many researchers to develop new non-pharmacological treatment methods for both diseases. One suggestion is physical exercises that have great potential to be used in clinical practice. They can exert changes on the central nervous system and thus modulate mood. Another is diet, which concentrates on active molecules that also affect the central nervous system (CNS). There is an urgent need to create appropriate criteria and recommendations that systematize existing knowledge and allow it to be used in practice. There is an urgent need to create appropriate criteria and recommendations that systematize existing knowledge and allow it to be used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jakubowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Balcerczyk-Lis
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Fortuna
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Janiak
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrianna Kopaczyńska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Skwira
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Camprodon-Boadas P, Gil-Dominguez A, De la Serna E, Sugranyes G, Lázaro I, Baeza I. Mediterranean Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae053. [PMID: 38758659 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood and adolescence are periods of critical importance in the development of mental health disorders. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been linked to multiple positive health outcomes, including reduced incidence of mental health disorders and fewer psychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to an MD and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of original research that explored the relationship between psychiatric symptoms or disorders and adherence to an MD. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDES, Dialnet, and Latindex from inception to November 2022, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (6 cross-sectional, 4 case-control, 2 randomized clinical trials, and 1 longitudinal cohort) out of 450 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3058 children or adolescents with a mean age range from 8.6 to 16.2 years were included. Among the reviewed studies, 5 (71.42%) of those looking at attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 4 (80%) examining depression, and 2 (50%) assessing anxiety found a significant protective association. Seven articles (53.84%) were found to be of high quality and 6 (46.15%) of moderate quality. CONCLUSION Adherence to an MD could be a protective factor for mental health in child and adolescent populations. This suggests that promoting an MD could help prevent the onset of clinical psychiatric symptoms, reduce symptom severity, and improve prognosis in young patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021276316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Aitana Gil-Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Immaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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23
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Born CDC, Bhadra R, D’Souza G, Kremers SPJ, Sambashivaiah S, Schols AMWJ, Crutzen R, Beijers RJHCG. Combined Lifestyle Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Asthma and COPD: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1515. [PMID: 38794757 PMCID: PMC11124109 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) are a potentially valuable prevention approach. This review aims to provide an overview of existing CLIs for the prevention and management of asthma or COPD. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Studies were included if CLIs targeted at least two lifestyle factors. (3) Results: Among the 56 included studies, 9 addressed asthma and 47 addressed COPD management, with no studies focusing on prevention. For both conditions, the most prevalent combination of lifestyle targets was diet and physical activity (PA), often combined with smoking cessation in COPD. The studied CLIs led to improvements in quality of life, respiratory symptoms, body mass index/weight, and exercise capacity. Behavioural changes were only measured in a limited number of studies and mainly showed improvements in dietary intake and PA level. (4) Conclusions: CLIs are effective within asthma and COPD management. Next to optimising the content and implementation of CLIs, these positive results warrant paying more attention to CLIs for persons with an increased risk profile for these chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D. C. Born
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rohini Bhadra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Physiology, St John’s Medical College & St John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru 560034, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru 560034, India
| | - Stef P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sucharita Sambashivaiah
- Division of Clinical Physiology, St John’s Medical College & St John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru 560034, India
- Department of Physiology, St John’s Medical College, Bengaluru 560034, India
| | - Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6211 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne J. H. C. G. Beijers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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24
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Warren A, Nyavor Y, Beguelin A, Frame LA. Dangers of the chronic stress response in the context of the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and mental health: a narrative review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365871. [PMID: 38756771 PMCID: PMC11096445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 20% of American adults live with a mental disorder, many of whom are treatment resistant or continue to experience symptoms. Other approaches are needed to improve mental health care, including prevention. The role of the microbiome has emerged as a central tenet in mental and physical health and their interconnectedness (well-being). Under normal conditions, a healthy microbiome promotes homeostasis within the host by maintaining intestinal and brain barrier integrity, thereby facilitating host well-being. Owing to the multidirectional crosstalk between the microbiome and neuro-endocrine-immune systems, dysbiosis within the microbiome is a main driver of immune-mediated systemic and neural inflammation that can promote disease progression and is detrimental to well-being broadly and mental health in particular. In predisposed individuals, immune dysregulation can shift to autoimmunity, especially in the presence of physical or psychological triggers. The chronic stress response involves the immune system, which is intimately involved with the gut microbiome, particularly in the process of immune education. This interconnection forms the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and promotes mental health or disorders. In this brief review, we aim to highlight the relationships between stress, mental health, and the gut microbiome, along with the ways in which dysbiosis and a dysregulated immune system can shift to an autoimmune response with concomitant neuropsychological consequences in the context of the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis. Finally, we aim to review evidenced-based prevention strategies and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yvonne Nyavor
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Aaron Beguelin
- The Department of Biotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leigh A. Frame
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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25
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Apostolakopoulou XA, Petinaki E, Kapsoritakis AN, Bonotis K. A Narrative Review of the Association Between Healthy Dietary Patterns and Depression. Cureus 2024; 16:e60920. [PMID: 38910729 PMCID: PMC11193411 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is the investigation of healthy dietary patterns and diet quality in relation to depression risk. Nutritional psychiatry is to develop scientifically based research that defines the role of nutrition and nutrients in various aspects of mental health. Growing evidence from the field suggests that diet may play an important role in the prevention and/or treatment of depression. In contrast, there is evidence that unhealthy diets may increase the risk of depression. This emerging research suggests that dietary interventions could help prevent depression or be an alternative or adjunctive therapy for depression. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the vegetarian diet are examined in this review. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published during the last five years. We found many results that support that healthy eating patterns (high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and fish, low in processed foods) are related to a reduction in the risk of depression. The most robust findings are related to MedDiet, where we also found several positive results for the DASH diet. Regarding the vegetarian diet, there are inconsistent reports. Furthermore, a consistent finding refers to a lower Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) as associated with a lower depression risk. It has been observed that people suffering from depression have poorer nutritional quality, with lower fruit and vegetable intake. This observation may strengthen the argument that nutritional interventions should be incorporated as an important "pillar" in the multifactorial treatment of patients. However, more well-designed studies are needed to establish the relationship between dietary patterns and mental health. In particular, interventional, longitudinal studies could be more enlightening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efthimia Petinaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Research, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, GRC
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26
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Werneck AO, Steele EM, Delpino FM, Lane MM, Marx W, Jacka FN, Stubbs B, Touvier M, Srour B, Louzada ML, Levy RB, Monteiro CA. Adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern and risk of depressive outcomes: Findings from the NutriNet Brasil cohort study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1190-1199. [PMID: 38613906 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to analyze the prospective association between adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern and risk of depressive outcomes using original data from the NutriNet Brasil cohort and via a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that have investigated the same association. METHODS In our original research analysis, we used data from 15,960 adults (≥18 y) participating in the NutriNet Brasil cohort study, free of depression or depressive symptoms during the baseline (77.5% women, 45.8 ± 13.0 y). The mean dietary share of ultra-processed foods (%Kcal/d), calculated from two baseline 24-h dietary recalls, was used to measure the adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern. New cases of depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 over the follow-up period (mean: 18.3 months). Cox proportional hazards models were used for the main analyses. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we incorporated effect estimates from six prospective cohort studies that have examined the same association, including ours. RESULTS In the adjusted model, each 10% increase in the dietary share of ultra-processed foods was associated with a 10% increase in the hazard of incident cases of depressive symptoms (HR:1.10; 95%CI: 1.07-1.14). This association was slightly attenuated in the models including potential mediators. In our meta-analysis of six prospective studies, high versus low exposure to ultra-processed foods was associated with a summary hazard ratio of depressive outcomes of 1.32; 95%CI: 1.19-1.46; I2: 71%. CONCLUSION A higher adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of developing depressive outcomes in the NutriNet Brasil cohort and in the meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Euridice M Steele
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Delpino
- Postgraduate in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Maria Lc Louzada
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata B Levy
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Bozzatello P, Novelli R, Montemagni C, Rocca P, Bellino S. Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4824. [PMID: 38732043 PMCID: PMC11084672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, and gut microbiota composition. Diets with a high content of some nutrients, such as fibers, phytochemicals, and short-chain fatty acids (omega-3 fatty acids), seem to have an anti-inflammatory and protective action on the nervous system. Among nutraceuticals, supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids plays a role in improving symptoms of several mental disorders. In this review, we collect data on the efficacy of nutraceuticals in patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence obtained on this topic, pointing out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.); (P.R.); (S.B.)
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28
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Nan J, Herbert MS, Purpura S, Henneken AN, Ramanathan D, Mishra J. Personalized Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Wellbeing and Empathy in Healthcare Professionals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2640. [PMID: 38676258 PMCID: PMC11053570 DOI: 10.3390/s24082640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals are known to suffer from workplace stress and burnout, which can negatively affect their empathy for patients and quality of care. While existing research has identified factors associated with wellbeing and empathy in healthcare professionals, these efforts are typically focused on the group level, ignoring potentially important individual differences and implications for individualized intervention approaches. In the current study, we implemented N-of-1 personalized machine learning (PML) to predict wellbeing and empathy in healthcare professionals at the individual level, leveraging ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and smartwatch wearable data. A total of 47 mood and lifestyle feature variables (relating to sleep, diet, exercise, and social connections) were collected daily for up to three months followed by applying eight supervised machine learning (ML) models in a PML pipeline to predict wellbeing and empathy separately. Predictive insight into the model architecture was obtained using Shapley statistics for each of the best-fit personalized models, ranking the importance of each feature for each participant. The best-fit model and top features varied across participants, with anxious mood (13/19) and depressed mood (10/19) being the top predictors in most models. Social connection was a top predictor for wellbeing in 9/12 participants but not for empathy models (1/7). Additionally, empathy and wellbeing were the top predictors of each other in 64% of cases. These findings highlight shared and individual features of wellbeing and empathy in healthcare professionals and suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to addressing modifiable factors to improve wellbeing and empathy will likely be suboptimal. In the future, such personalized models may serve as actionable insights for healthcare professionals that lead to increased wellness and quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Nan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.P.); (D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew S. Herbert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Suzanna Purpura
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.P.); (D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Andrea N. Henneken
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.P.); (D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.P.); (D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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29
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Chamorro F, Cassani L, Garcia-Oliveira P, Barral-Martinez M, Jorge AOS, Pereira AG, Otero P, Fraga-Corral M, P. P. Oliveira MB, Prieto MA. Health benefits of bluefin tuna consumption: ( Thunnus thynnus) as a case study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1340121. [PMID: 38628271 PMCID: PMC11018964 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1340121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly interested in food products with high nutritional value and health benefits. For instance, fish consumption is linked with diverse positive health benefits and the prevention of certain widespread disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or cardiovascular diseases. These benefits have been attributed to its excellent nutritional value (large amounts of high-quality fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals) and bioactive compounds, while being relatively low-caloric. Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus tynnus) is one of the most consumed species worldwide, motivated by its good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. Recently, some organizations have proposed limitations on its consumption due to the presence of contaminants, mainly heavy metals such as mercury. However, several studies have reported that most specimens hold lower levels of contaminants than the established limits and that their richness in selenium effectively limits the contaminants' bioaccessibility in the human body. Considering this situation, this study aims to provide baseline data about the nutritional composition and the latest evidence regarding the beneficial effects of Atlantic bluefin tuna consumption. A review of the risk-benefit ratio was also conducted to evaluate the safety of its consumption, considering the current suggested limitations to this species' consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - L. Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - P. Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M. Barral-Martinez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - A. O. S. Jorge
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- REQUIMTE/Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A. G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M. Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - M. A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Human gut microbiome, diet, and mental disorders. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6. [PMID: 38561477 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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31
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Elshahat S, Moffat T, Iqbal BK, Newbold KB, Gagnon O, Alkhawaldeh H, Morshed M, Madani K, Gehani M, Zhu T, Garabedian L, Belahlou Y, Curtay SAH, Zhu IHC, Chan C, Duzenli D, Rajapaksege N, Shafiq B, Zaidi A. 'I thought we would be nourished here': The complexity of nutrition/food and its relationship to mental health among Arab immigrants/refugees in Canada: The CAN-HEAL study. Appetite 2024; 195:107226. [PMID: 38266714 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional psychiatry suggests that diet quality impacts one's mental health (MH). The relationship between food/nutrition and MH may be particularly salient for immigrants/refugees who often experience high risk for household food insecurity and MH challenges. An innovative collaborative community-based participatory research and integrated knowledge translation approach was adopted to explore food/nutrition needs as they relate to MH among Arab immigrants/refuges (AIR) in Ontario, Canada. The goal was to co-identify areas that require social change and co-produce applicable knowledge for service improvement. The CAN-HEAL study used a multi-methodological approach, employing qualitative interviews, photovoice and a questionnaire survey. A combination of three sampling approaches (convenience, snowball and purposive) was used to recruit sixty socio-demographically-diverse adult AIR participants. The research was guided by an integrated bio-psycho-socio-cultural framework. Participants reported various socio-economic and structural barriers to nutritious eating. Food quality/safety was a significant concern and source of anxiety among AIR; food mislabeling, the widespread presence of genetically/chemically modified foods and expired/rotten food products were associated with negative MH. Participants experienced an alarming prevalence of food insecurity (65%), which was associated with negative MH. Intersections among age, gender, religion, socio-economic status, parenthood, disability, and place of residence played a considerable role in how nutrition, food security, and dietary intake impacted AIR's MH and caused substantial disparities within the AIR community. The food/nutrition-MH relationship among AIR is multi-faceted, and various psycho-socio-cultural pathways/processes were found to shape MH. Intersectoral collaboration between health and non-health sectors is needed to implement a co-proposed socio-political and community-level action plan to achieve nutrition and health equity for AIR and other similar marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elshahat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.
| | - Tina Moffat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada
| | - Basit Kareem Iqbal
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada
| | - K Bruce Newbold
- School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olivia Gagnon
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Haneen Alkhawaldeh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mahira Morshed
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Keon Madani
- Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Faculty, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mafaz Gehani
- Department of Psychological and Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Tony Zhu
- Department of Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lucy Garabedian
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yasmine Belahlou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sarah A H Curtay
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Irene Hui-Chen Zhu
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Brescia University College, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Chan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Brescia University College, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Deniz Duzenli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Bisma Shafiq
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Brescia University College, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Amna Zaidi
- Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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Hu J, He K, Yang Y, Huang C, Dou Y, Wang H, Zhang G, Wang J, Niu C, Bi G, Zhang L, Zhu S. Amino acid formula induces microbiota dysbiosis and depressive-like behavior in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113817. [PMID: 38412095 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid formula (AAF) is increasingly consumed in infants with cow's milk protein allergy; however, the long-term influences on health are less described. In this study, we established a mouse model by subjecting neonatal mice to an amino acid diet (AAD) to mimic the feeding regimen of infants on AAF. Surprisingly, AAD-fed mice exhibited dysbiotic microbiota and increased neuronal activity in both the intestine and brain, as well as gastrointestinal peristalsis disorders and depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation from AAD-fed mice or AAF-fed infants to recipient mice led to elevated neuronal activations and exacerbated depressive-like behaviors compared to that from normal chow-fed mice or cow's-milk-formula-fed infants, respectively. Our findings highlight the necessity to avoid the excessive use of AAF, which may influence the neuronal development and mental health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Dou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqiang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Shu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Warren M, O'Connor C, Lee JE, Burton J, Walton D, Keathley J, Wammes M, Osuch E. Predispose, precipitate, perpetuate, and protect: how diet and the gut influence mental health in emerging adulthood. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1339269. [PMID: 38505265 PMCID: PMC10948435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1339269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicine often employs the 4Ps of predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors to identify salient influences on illness states, and to help guide patient care. Mental illness is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mental health is a complex combination of biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors. There is growing interest in the gut-brain-microbiome (GBM) axis and its impact on mental health. We use the medical model of the 4Ps to explore factors involving the connection between nutrition and the GBM axis and their associated risks with mental health problems in emerging adults (EAs), a life stage when mental illness onset is the most common. We review the impact of current dietary trends on the GBM and on mental health, and the role that gut microbiome-based interventions can have in modulating the GBM axis of EAs. We discuss the implications of gut health on the GBM and areas for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warren
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen O'Connor
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ju Eun Lee
- Geriatrics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Burton
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David Walton
- School of Physical Therapy, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Keathley
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Wammes
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Osuch
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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Ross FC, Mayer DE, Gupta A, Gill CIR, Del Rio D, Cryan JF, Lavelle A, Ross RP, Stanton C, Mayer EA. Existing and Future Strategies to Manipulate the Gut Microbiota With Diet as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:348-360. [PMID: 37918459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and diet quality play key roles in preventing and slowing cognitive decline and have been linked to multiple brain disorders. This review compiles available evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials on the impact of nutrition and interventions regarding major psychiatric conditions and some neurological disorders. We emphasize the potential role of diet-related microbiome alterations in these effects and highlight commonalities between various brain disorders related to the microbiome. Despite numerous studies shedding light on these findings, there are still gaps in our understanding due to the limited availability of definitive human trial data firmly establishing a causal link between a specific diet and microbially mediated brain functions and symptoms. The positive impact of certain diets on the microbiome and cognitive function is frequently ascribed with the anti-inflammatory effects of certain microbial metabolites or a reduction of proinflammatory microbial products. We also critically review recent research on pro- and prebiotics and nondietary interventions, particularly fecal microbiota transplantation. The recent focus on diet in relation to brain disorders could lead to improved treatment outcomes with combined dietary, pharmacological, and behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dylan E Mayer
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Santa K, Kumazawa Y, Watanabe K, Nagaoka I. The Potential Use of Vitamin D3 and Phytochemicals for Their Anti-Ageing Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2125. [PMID: 38396804 PMCID: PMC10889119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells in the body. Vitamin D3 has been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it has been considered as an immune vitamin. Vitamin D3 deficiency influences the onset of a variety of diseases. Vitamin D3 regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in immune cells. Since blood levels of vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) were low in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, there has been growing interest in the importance of vitamin D3 to maintaining a healthy condition. On the other hand, phytochemicals are compounds derived from plants with over 7000 varieties and have various biological activities. They mainly have health-promoting effects and are classified as terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc. Flavonoids are known as the anti-inflammatory compounds that control TNF-α production. Chronic inflammation is induced by the continuous production of TNF-α and is the fundamental cause of diseases like obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart and brain diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In addition, the ageing process is induced by chronic inflammation. This review explains the cooperative effects of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals in the suppression of inflammatory responses, how it balances the natural immune response, and its link to anti-ageing effects. In addition, vitamin D3 and phytochemicals synergistically contribute to anti-ageing by working with ageing-related genes. Furthermore, prevention of ageing processes induced by the chronic inflammation requires the maintenance of healthy gut microbiota, which is related to daily dietary habits. In this regard, supplementation of vitamin D3 and phytochemicals plays an important role. Recently, the association of the prevention of the non-disease condition called "ME-BYO" with the maintenance of a healthy condition has been an attractive regimen, and the anti-ageing effect discussed here is important for a healthy and long life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Santa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo College of Biotechnology, Ota-ku, Tokyo 114-0032, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Kumazawa
- Vino Science Japan Inc., Kawasaki 210-0855, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, Urayasu 279-0013, Chiba, Japan
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36
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Sung J, Rajendraprasad SS, Philbrick KL, Bauer BA, Gajic O, Shah A, Laudanski K, Bakken JS, Skalski J, Karnatovskaia LV. The human gut microbiome in critical illness: disruptions, consequences, and therapeutic frontiers. J Crit Care 2024; 79:154436. [PMID: 37769422 PMCID: PMC11034825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
With approximately 39 trillion cells and over 20 million genes, the human gut microbiome plays an integral role in both health and disease. Modern living has brought a widespread use of processed food and beverages, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory drugs, and invasive procedures, all of which profoundly disrupt the delicate homeostasis between the host and its microbiome. Of particular interest is the human gut microbiome, which is progressively being recognized as an important contributing factor in many aspects of critical illness, from predisposition to recovery. Herein, we describe the current understanding of the adverse impacts of standard intensive care interventions on the human gut microbiome and delve into how these microbial alterations can influence patient outcomes. Additionally, we explore the potential association between the gut microbiome and post-intensive care syndrome, shedding light on a previously underappreciated avenue that may enhance patient recuperation following critical illness. There is an impending need for future epidemiological studies to encompass detailed phenotypic analyses of gut microbiome perturbations. Interventions aimed at restoring the gut microbiome represent a promising therapeutic frontier in the quest to prevent and treat critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyun Sung
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kemuel L Philbrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brent A Bauer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya Shah
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Johan S Bakken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Luke's Hospital, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph Skalski
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Paris T, Daly RM, Abbott G, Sood S, Freer CL, Ryan MC, George ES. Diet Overall and Hypocaloric Diets Are Associated With Improvements in Depression but Not Anxiety in People With Metabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100169. [PMID: 38184198 PMCID: PMC10847486 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of depression and anxiety is higher in people with metabolic conditions, but whether dietary approaches, which are central to the management of metabolic conditions, can also improve depression and anxiety is uncertain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on depression and anxiety in adults with metabolic conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of hypocaloric and isocaloric dietary interventions on these outcomes. Four databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were searched from inception to March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including dietary interventions in adults with metabolic conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and/or overweight/obesity) that assessed depression and/or anxiety as outcomes were included. Overall, 13 RCTs were included in the systematic review, ≤13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis for dietary interventions compared with controls. Improvements in depression scores were found in meta-analytic models including all dietary interventions [pooled estimate for the standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.20 (95% CI: -0.35, -0.05); P = 0.007] and hypocaloric only diets [SMD = -0.27 (95% CI: -0.44, -0.10); P = 0.002]. There were no improvements in depression scores with isocaloric dietary interventions only [SMD = -0.14 (95% CI: -0.38, 0.10); P = 0.27]. In addition, there were no significant effects of any dietary interventions on anxiety scores. In adults with metabolic conditions, all dietary interventions and hypocaloric diets improved depression, but not anxiety. These findings suggest that dietary interventions including hypocaloric diets can play an important role in the management of depression in people with metabolic conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021252307).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Paris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surbhi Sood
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine L Freer
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marno C Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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Bayes J, Schloss J, Sibbritt D. The use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men: current evidence and existing challenges. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:214-218. [PMID: 37519245 PMCID: PMC10751942 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300168x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that diet therapy (nutrients, foods and dietary patterns) could be effective as a potential adjunctive treatment option for major depressive disorder. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed, including the role inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and tryptophan/serotonin metabolism. Despite known differences in depression characteristics and treatment responses between males and females, there are limited sex-specific studies examining the role of diet in young men specifically. This is important as young men are often reluctant to seek mental health support, so finding treatment strategies which appeal to this demographic is crucial. This brief report provides an overview of the most recent advances in the use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men, highlighting existing challenges and opportunities for future research. We recommend that clinicians discuss the role of diet with depressed young men, so that diet may be used alongside current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - Janet Schloss
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW2007, Australia
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Allcock L, Mantzioris E, Villani A. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated with Anxiety and Stress but Not Depression: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Community-Dwelling Older Australians. Nutrients 2024; 16:366. [PMID: 38337651 PMCID: PMC10857277 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet quality may be an important modifiable risk factor for mental health disorders. However, these findings have been inconsistent, particularly in older adults. We explored the independent associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and severity of symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress in older adults from Australia. This was a cross-sectional analysis of older Australians ≥ 60 years. MedDiet adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the severity of negative emotional symptoms. A total of n = 294 participants were included in the final analyses (70.4 ± 6.2 years). Adherence to a MedDiet was inversely associated with the severity of anxiety symptoms (β = -0.118; CI: -0.761, -0.012; p = 0.043) independent of age, gender, BMI, physical activity, sleep, cognitive risk and ability to perform activities of daily living. Furthermore, MedDiet adherence was inversely associated with symptoms of stress (β = -0.151; CI: -0.680, -0.073; p = 0.015) independent of age, gender, BMI, physical activity and sleep. However, no relationship between MedDiet adherence and depressive symptoms was observed. We showed that adherence to a MedDiet is inversely associated with the severity of symptoms related to anxiety and stress but not depression. Exploring these findings with the use of longitudinal analyses and robust clinical trials are needed to better elucidate these findings in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Allcock
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia;
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences & Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia;
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40
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Pemau RC, González-Palacios P, Kerr KW. How quality of life is measured in studies of nutritional intervention: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:9. [PMID: 38267976 PMCID: PMC10809546 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition care can positively affect multiple aspects of patient's health; outcomes are commonly evaluated on the basis of their impact on a patient's (i) illness-specific conditions and (ii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our systematic review examined how HRQoL was measured in studies of nutritional interventions. To help future researchers select appropriate Quality of Life Questionnaires (QoLQ), we identified commonly-used instruments and their uses across populations in different regions, of different ages, and with different diseases. METHODS We searched EMCare, EMBASE, and Medline databases for studies that had HRQoL and nutrition intervention terms in the title, the abstract, or the MeSH term classifications "quality of life" and any of "nutrition therapy", "diet therapy", or "dietary supplements" and identified 1,113 studies for possible inclusion.We then reviewed titles, abstracts, and full texts to identify studies for final inclusion. RESULTS Our review of titles, abstracts, and full texts resulted in the inclusion of 116 relevant studies in our final analysis. Our review identified 14 general and 25 disease-specific QoLQ. The most-used general QoLQ were the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) in 27 studies and EuroQol 5-Dimension, (EQ-5D) in 26 studies. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ), a cancer-specific QoLQ, was the most frequently used disease-specific QoLQ (28 studies). Disease-specific QoLQ were also identified for nutrition-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dysphagia. Sixteen studies used multiple QoLQ, of which eight studies included both general and disease-specific measures of HRQoL. The most studied diseases were cancer (36 studies) and malnutrition (24 studies). There were few studies focused on specific age-group populations, with only 38 studies (33%) focused on adults 65 years and older and only 4 studies focused on pediatric patients. Regional variation in QoLQ use was observed, with EQ-5D used more frequently in Europe and SF-36 more commonly used in North America. CONCLUSIONS Use of QoLQ to measure HRQoL is well established in the literature; both general and disease-specific instruments are now available for use. We advise further studies to examine potential benefits of using both general and disease-specific QoLQ to better understand the impact of nutritional interventions on HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia González-Palacios
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk W Kerr
- Abbott Nutrition, 2900 Easton Square Place, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA.
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Prescott SL, Logan AC, D’Adamo CR, Holton KF, Lowry CA, Marks J, Moodie R, Poland B. Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:120. [PMID: 38397611 PMCID: PMC10888116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting concern over the potential harms associated with ultra-processed foods, including poor mental health and antisocial behavior. Cutting-edge research provides an enhanced understanding of biophysiological mechanisms, including microbiome pathways, and invites a historical reexamination of earlier work that investigated the relationship between nutrition and criminal behavior. Here, in this perspective article, we explore how this emergent research casts new light and greater significance on previous key observations. Despite expanding interest in the field dubbed 'nutritional psychiatry', there has been relatively little attention paid to its relevancy within criminology and the criminal justice system. Since public health practitioners, allied mental health professionals, and policymakers play key roles throughout criminal justice systems, a holistic perspective on both historical and emergent research is critical. While there are many questions to be resolved, the available evidence suggests that nutrition might be an underappreciated factor in prevention and treatment along the criminal justice spectrum. The intersection of nutrition and biopsychosocial health requires transdisciplinary discussions of power structures, industry influence, and marketing issues associated with widespread food and social inequalities. Some of these discussions are already occurring under the banner of 'food crime'. Given the vast societal implications, it is our contention that the subject of nutrition in the multidisciplinary field of criminology-referred to here as nutritional criminology-deserves increased scrutiny. Through combining historical findings and cutting-edge research, we aim to increase awareness of this topic among the broad readership of the journal, with the hopes of generating new hypotheses and collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Prescott
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan C. Logan
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Christopher R. D’Adamo
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen F. Holton
- Departments of Health Studies and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - John Marks
- Department of Criminal Justice, Louisiana State University of Alexandria, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA;
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health (MSPGH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5R 0A3, Canada;
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Jiménez-López E, Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Saz-Lara A, Díaz-Goñi V, Mesas AE. The impact of the Mediterranean diet on alleviating depressive symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad176. [PMID: 38219230 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced risk of depression in prospective cohort studies, but whether MD interventions are effective among adults with depression is uncertain. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to synthesize findings on the effects of MD interventions on the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with depression. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to March 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane recommendations were followed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes after MD interventions with outcomes for control conditions in adults with depressive disorders or depressive symptoms. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted the data independently. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator, the I2 metric, and the prediction interval were used to estimate between-study heterogeneity. To determine the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence from RCTs, we used the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2 and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS In total, 1507 participants (mean age range: 22.0 years-53.3 years) with depression were initially included in the 5 RCTs of this review. Compared with control conditions, MD interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms among young and middle-aged adults with major depression or mild to moderate depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference: -0.53; 95% confidence interval: -0.90 to -0.16; I2 = 87.1%). The prediction interval ranged from -1.86 to 0.81. The overall risk of bias was within the range of "some concerns" to "high," while the certainty of evidence was low. CONCLUSION MD interventions appear to have substantial potential for alleviating depressive symptoms in people experiencing major or mild depression. However, to establish robust recommendations, there remains a need for high-quality, large-scale, and long-term RCTs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022341895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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Johnston EA, Veenhuizen SGA, Ibiebele TI, Webb PM, van der Pols JC. Mental health and diet quality after primary treatment for ovarian cancer. Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38192229 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate anxiety and depression after primary treatment for ovarian cancer in relation to diet quality and intake. METHODS In a cohort of women with ovarian cancer in Australia, levels of anxiety and depression (normal, subclinical, and clinical) were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 9 months post-diagnosis. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at 12 months post-diagnosis and scored using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Multinomial logistic regression and bivariate analyses were used to investigate relationships between levels of anxiety and depression and subsequent diet quality and intake of food groups. RESULTS Of 595 women, anxiety and depression were identified among 128 (21%) and 80 (13%) women, respectively. Compared to women without anxiety or depression, women with subclinical anxiety (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.98) and those with clinical depression (odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.93) were less likely to score in the highest quartile for diet quality. Separate adjustment for age, education, employment, disease stage, body mass index, and smoking status did not attenuate these associations. In bivariate analyses, women with subclinical anxiety were more likely to report higher intakes of sweet foods. Those with clinical depression were more likely to report lower intakes of orange vegetables and wholegrains, higher intakes of sweetened beverages, and not consume alcohol or soya foods. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety or depression after primary treatment for ovarian cancer may be associated with poorer diet quality. Efforts to improve diet quality post-treatment should consider support for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Johnston
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefanie G A Veenhuizen
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Epidemiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Torukiri I Ibiebele
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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O’Neill S, Minehan M, Knight-Agarwal CR, Pyne DB. Alterations in gut microbiota caused by major depressive disorder or a low FODMAP diet and where they overlap. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1303405. [PMID: 38260072 PMCID: PMC10800578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1303405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Beneficial changes in microbiota observed in individuals with a major depressive disorder (MDD) may be initiated with a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) elimination diet. Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for original research documenting differences in microbiota in MDD or changes with a low FODMAP diet in adults (age 18 years +). Studies with fecal microbiota, 16 s RNA sequencing and QIIME pipelines were included. Studies using antibiotics, probiotics, and medications such as antidepressants were excluded. Additionally, studies based on a single gender were excluded as gender impacts microbiota changes in MDD. Four studies addressed differences in microbiota with MDD and another four assessed shifts occurring with a low FODMAP diet. The abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides were lower in individuals with MDD but increased with a low FODMAP diet. Abundance of Ruminoccaceae was lower and Bilophila was higher with both a low FODMAP diet and MDD. These results provide preliminary evidence that a low FODMAP diet might drive changes in microbiota that also benefit people with MDD. Further research to assess whether a low FODMAP diet can treat MDD through modification of targeted microbiota is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone O’Neill
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle Minehan
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David B. Pyne
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Lachmansingh DA, Lavelle A, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Antidepressant Treatment. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:175-216. [PMID: 37962812 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of depressive disorders, conventional antidepressant therapy has been the mainstay of clinical management, along with well-established nonpharmacological interventions such as various kinds of psychotherapy. Over the last 2 decades, there has been considerable interest in the role of the gastrointestinal system and its microbiota on brain function, behavior, and mental health. Components of what is referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been uncovered, and further research has elicited functional capabilities such as "gut-brain modules." Some studies have found associations with compositional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with depressive disorders and individuals experiencing symptoms of depression. Regarding the pathogenesis and neurobiology of depression itself, there appears to be a multifactorial contribution, in addition to the theories involving deficits in catecholaminergic and monoamine neurotransmission. Interestingly, there is evidence to suggest that antidepressants may play a role in modulating the gut microbiota, thereby possibly having an impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in this manner. The development of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has led to studies investigating not only their impact on the microbiota but also their therapeutic value in mental health. These psychobiotics have the potential to be used as therapeutic adjuncts in the treatment of depression. Regarding future directions, and in an attempt to further understand the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression, more studies such as those involving fecal microbiota transplantation will be required. In addition to recent findings, it is also suggested that more research will have to be undertaken to elicit whether specific strains of gut organisms are linked to depression. In terms of further investigation of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics as adjuncts to antidepressant treatment, we also expect there to be more research targeting specific microorganisms, as well as a strong focus on the effects of specific prebiotic fibers from an individualized (personalized) point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Antoine Lachmansingh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Movva N, Reichert H, Hooda N, Bylsma LC, Mitchell M, Cohen SS. Dietary eating patterns, dairy consumption, and anxiety: A systematic literature review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295975. [PMID: 38153944 PMCID: PMC10754443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition affects both physical and mental health but evidence is mixed regarding potential associations between anxiety and diet, particularly dairy consumption. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of dairy consumption and/or various dietary patterns and risk of anxiety. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase. All study designs except case reports, small case series, and SLRs were considered for inclusion. Reference lists of previously published SLRs were reviewed for any relevant additional studies. Studies of populations without dairy sensitivities exploring the association between dietary patterns and/or dairy consumption and anxiety published through May 2022 were identified using predefined eligibility criteria. Study quality was determined using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS For this SLR, 132 studies were included; 80 were cross-sectional. Studies examined different dietary patterns (e.g., Mediterranean, gluten-free) and anxiety using various anxiety scales, with 19 studies specifically reporting on whole dairy consumption and anxiety. Dairy consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of anxiety in 7 studies, while the remaining 12 studies showed no significant associations. Evidence was mixed for the association between various dietary patterns and anxiety, but more studies observed a lower risk of anxiety with greater adherence to "healthy" diets (e.g., Mediterranean, diet quality score, vegetarian/vegan) than a higher risk. Notable heterogeneity in study populations, time periods, geographical locations, dietary assessment methods, and anxiety scales was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this SLR suggest a potential link between diet including diary consumption and anxiety, but future studies, especially with longitudinal designs that measure diet and anxiety at several timepoints and comprehensively adjust for confounders, are needed to fully understand the relationship between diet and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimisha Movva
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas, United States of America
| | - Heidi Reichert
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naushin Hooda
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lauren C. Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas, United States of America
| | - Meghan Mitchell
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Cohen
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas, United States of America
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Yanni AE, Iakovidi S, Vasilikopoulou E, Karathanos VT. Legumes: A Vehicle for Transition to Sustainability. Nutrients 2023; 16:98. [PMID: 38201928 PMCID: PMC10780344 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes are an excellent source of protein and have been used in the human diet for centuries. Consumption of legumes has been linked to several health benefits, including a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer, while legumes' high fiber content promotes digestive health. Aside from the positive health benefits, one of the most significant advantages of legumes is the low environmental footprint of their cultivation. They can be grown in a variety of climates and soil types, and they require less water and fertilizer than other crops, making them a sustainable option for farmers. Thanks to their nutritional and physicochemical properties, they are widely used by the food industry since the growing popularity of plant-based diets and the increasing demand for alternatives to meat offers the opportunity to develop legume-based meat substitutes. As the use of legumes as a source of protein becomes widespread, new market opportunities could be created for farmers and food industries, while the reduction in healthcare costs could have a potential economic impact. Achieving widespread adoption of legumes as a sustainable source of protein requires coordinated efforts by individuals, governments, and the private sector. The objective of this narrative review is to present the benefits coming from legume consumption in terms of health and environmental sustainability, and underline the importance of promoting their inclusion in the daily dietary pattern as well as their use as functional ingredients and plant-based alternatives to animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 176-71 Athens, Greece; (S.I.); (E.V.); (V.T.K.)
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Chatterjee S, Mishra J, Sundram F, Roop P. Towards Personalised Mood Prediction and Explanation for Depression from Biophysical Data. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:164. [PMID: 38203024 PMCID: PMC10781272 DOI: 10.3390/s24010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Digital health applications using Artificial Intelligence (AI) are a promising opportunity to address the widening gap between available resources and mental health needs globally. Increasingly, passively acquired data from wearables are augmented with carefully selected active data from depressed individuals to develop Machine Learning (ML) models of depression based on mood scores. However, most ML models are black box in nature, and hence the outputs are not explainable. Depression is also multimodal, and the reasons for depression may vary significantly between individuals. Explainable and personalised models will thus be beneficial to clinicians to determine the main features that lead to a decline in the mood state of a depressed individual, thus enabling suitable personalised therapy. This is currently lacking. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for developing personalised and accurate Deep Learning (DL)-based predictive mood models for depression, along with novel methods for identifying the key facets that lead to the exacerbation of depressive symptoms. We illustrate our approach by using an existing multimodal dataset containing longitudinal Ecological Momentary Assessments of depression, lifestyle data from wearables and neurocognitive assessments for 14 mild to moderately depressed participants over one month. We develop classification- and regression-based DL models to predict participants' current mood scores-a discrete score given to a participant based on the severity of their depressive symptoms. The models are trained inside eight different evolutionary-algorithm-based optimisation schemes that optimise the model parameters for a maximum predictive performance. A five-fold cross-validation scheme is used to verify the DL model's predictive performance against 10 classical ML-based models, with a model error as low as 6% for some participants. We use the best model from the optimisation process to extract indicators, using SHAP, ALE and Anchors from explainable AI literature to explain why certain predictions are made and how they affect mood. These feature insights can assist health professionals in incorporating personalised interventions into a depressed individual's treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Chatterjee
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Frederick Sundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Partha Roop
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Candia CD, Miranda CR, Durán-Agüero S, Johns PC, Díaz-Vásquez W. Association between diet, mental health and sleep quality in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:429-436. [PMID: 38102886 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate recently published scientific evidence and synthesize the results of observational studies that examine the association between diet, mental health, and sleep quality in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONTENT An electronic search of scientific literature published in 2021 and up to 2 years ago was performed using keyword search, with focus on observational studies published in PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science. It included: active university students of both sexes during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK The 5 studies included in this review showed that there have been significant changes in both mental health and eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion, there is an association between mental health and sleep quality in university students, resulting in an alteration of sleep hours and poor sleep. Furthermore, an association between mental health and diet quality is also observed, producing an increase in caloric intake or in the number of meals during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Díaz Candia
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota, Chile
| | - Camila Risco Miranda
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota, Chile
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota, Chile
| | - Priscila Candia Johns
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota, Chile
| | - Waldo Díaz-Vásquez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota, Chile
- Molecular Microbiology and Food Research Laboratory, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Radkhah N, Rasouli A, Majnouni A, Eskandari E, Parastouei K. The effect of Mediterranean diet instructions on depression, anxiety, stress, and anthropometric indices: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102469. [PMID: 37869542 PMCID: PMC10587518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that adopting a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), can positively affect mental health. To further explore this, a study was conducted to determine the impact of MD instruction over 12 weeks on depression, anxiety, stress, and anthropometric indices. The study is a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial with sixty participants who reported stress, anxiety, and depression conducted in Tabriz, Iran (2022-2023). They were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 30), which received MD instruction, or the control group (n = 30), which received standard healthy nutrition education. Both groups were asked to follow their respective nutrition education plans for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, depression, anxiety, and stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire, and anthropometric indices were assessed. Initially, the unadjusted DASS-21 scores for depression, anxiety, and stress did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, after adjusting for baseline variables (model 2), all scores decreased significantly (the P-value for all scores was < 0.001). There was no significant difference in weight and BMI between the intervention and control groups. However, after adjusting the results based on baseline values (Model 2) and adherence to the program (Model 3), weight and BMI were significantly reduced in the MD group (P-values for both cases and both models were < 0.001). Overall, despite some significant findings, the results were not noticeable from a clinical perspective. The study provides some indications that following the Mediterranean diet may lead to improvements in weight and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Radkhah
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Rasouli
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Majnouni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Eslam Eskandari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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