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Sun F, Fang Y, Ho YF, Chow GCC, Yang Y, Huang K, Yu CCW, Liu D, Wong SHS, Siu PMF, Cooper SB. Effectiveness of a game-based high-intensity interval training on executive function and other health indicators of children with ADHD: A three-arm partially-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:408-416. [PMID: 39309731 PMCID: PMC11415844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Children with ADHD demand for effective intervention with minimum side effect to improve executive function (EF) and health well-being. Method This study used a three-arm partially-blinded randomized controlled trial to test the effects of two different kinds of 8-week game-based training programs (game-based HIIT program, GameHIIT; and game-based structured aerobic exercise program, GameSAE) on EF and other health indicators of children with ADHD, which was compared with a non-treatment control group. Results A total of 49 children with ADHD completed the program. Analyses of EF tests and parental survey indicated that (i) there is no significant intragroup difference among all measures between pre-/post-intervention tests for two game-based intervention groups. The only significant intergroup difference was observed in self-monitor score of parent-reported child's EF between GameSAE group and the control (large effect). Similarly, cerebral hemodynamic responses also found no significant group effect for all EF tests. However, the time effects were observed in several channels in the GameHIIT group in two EF tests (Color Words Stroop Test and Tower of London Test). No significant change of participants' overall ADHD symptoms was found in the pre-/post-tests for three groups. Nonetheless, further analyses revealed that both of two game-based training programs exhibited the significant positive effects on child's PA levels and the large effects on levels of physical fitness, when they were compared to the control. Conclusion By this study, a significant enhancement in physical fitness and PA levels were found in both game-based PA interventions when they were compared with control group. However, the effectiveness of game-based PA interventions on improving EF or reducing ADHD symptoms remains unclear. This implies that a larger intervention dosage or a tailored intervention design may be warranted to improve the EF of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Integrated Centre for Wellbeing (I-WELL), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Fung Ho
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gary Chi-Ching Chow
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunyi Huang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clare Chung-Wah Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon B. Cooper
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Gambra L, Cortese S, Lizoain P, Romero DR, Paiva U, Gándara C, Arrondo G, Magallón S. Excessive body weight in developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105806. [PMID: 38986892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence on the link between developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and obesity and overweight is mixed. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42023429432), we conducted the first systematic review/meta-analysis on the association between DCD and excessive weight. Web of Science, PubMed and an institutional database aggregator were searched until the 18th of December 2023. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and study heterogeneity using Q and I2 statistics. Data from 22 studies were combined, comprising 11,330 individuals out of which 1861 had DCD. The main analysis showed a significant association between DCD and higher body weight (OR:1.87, 95 % CI =1.43, 2.44). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the relationship was mediated by age, with stronger effects in studies with higher mean age (p 0.004). We conclude that DCD is associated with obesity and overweight, and this association increases with age. Our study could help to implement targeted prevention and intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Gambra
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. 9Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA; DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Pablo Lizoain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ursula Paiva
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Gándara
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Arrondo
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sara Magallón
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Dickinson K, Parmar P, Reyes AB, Hale EW. Bariatric Surgery Is Highly Effective and Underutilized in Patients with ADHD: A 5-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2066-2072. [PMID: 38619772 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and ADHD have become increasingly common diagnoses. In the last decade, research has found that there is a high prevalence of obesity in patients with ADHD. The mainstays of management in the general population include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapies, and/or bariatric surgery. However, there is a lack of understanding of appropriate management of patients with both ADHD and obesity. METHODS We identified those with obesity for at least five consecutive years (BMI > 30) in the TriNetX database before separating into two groups based on the presence or absence of ADHD. We assessed both the distribution of treatment modalities and the change in average BMI over time in each of our four groups across 5 years. RESULTS Average BMI decreased over time in all groups, with the smallest change seen in the ADHD Pharmacology cohort (- 0.366 kg/m2) and the largest in the ADHD Surgery group (- 8.532 kg/m2). Average BMIs at the 5-year mark were significantly different. CONCLUSION Our research found that pharmacological management of individuals with ADHD was only half as effective for individuals with ADHD than our control. Though surgical management of patients with ADHD is roughly 20 times more effective in managing obesity, it was not used as frequently in comparison to medication for management of weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Dickinson
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Pritika Parmar
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy Beth Reyes
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elijah W Hale
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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French B, Nalbant G, Wright H, Sayal K, Daley D, Groom MJ, Cassidy S, Hall CL. The impacts associated with having ADHD: an umbrella review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1343314. [PMID: 38840946 PMCID: PMC11151783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects up to 5% of the population and is characterised by symptoms of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. These symptoms are significantly impairing and carry additional risks for children and adults with ADHD, including negative mental health (e.g. depression), physical health (e.g. obesity) and societal outcomes (e.g. imprisonment, divorce). Very few studies have attempted to synthesise these risks in one publication due to the breadth of evidence published on the adverse outcomes of ADHD. Methods An umbrella review was performed to identify reviews (systematic, meta-analysis and narrative) that investigate the risks arising from having ADHD. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the findings and conducted a quality review of the included publications. Results Upon searching five databases, 16,675 records were identified. Of these, 125 reviews met the criteria for inclusion. A narrative synthesis of these findings highlighted three key domains of risks associated with ADHD: mental health, physical health, social and lifestyle. Most reviews were of good and moderate quality. Discussion This review highlights the many risks associated with having ADHD, beyond its three key symptom domains and the impact of the condition on daily functioning. Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42023404073).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine French
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gamze Nalbant
- Lifespan and Population Health Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wright
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kapil Sayal
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Daley
- Nottingham Trent University (NTU) Psychology, School of Social Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J. Groom
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cassidy
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Hall
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Fox CK, Molitor SJ, Vock DM, Peterson CB, Crow SJ, Gross AC. Appetitive and psychological phenotypes of pediatric patients with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13101. [PMID: 38290813 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a heterogeneous disease with variable treatment response. Identification of the unique constellation of contributors to obesity may allow for targeted interventions and improved outcomes. OBJECTIVE Identify empirically derived phenotypes of pediatric patients with obesity based on appetitive and psychological correlates of obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients aged 5-12 years who were treated in a weight management clinic and completed standard intake questionnaires including Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), Vanderbilt ADHD Scale and Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Phenotypes were elicited using latent profile analysis of 12 indicators: eight CEBQ subscales, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS Parents/guardians of 384 patients (mean age 9.8 years, mean BMI 30.3 kg/m2 ) completed the intake questionnaires. A 4-phenotype model best fits the data. Hedonic Impulsive phenotype (42.5%) exhibited high food enjoyment and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inattentive Impulsive phenotype (27.4%) exhibited overall low food approach and high food avoid behaviours, and highest inattention. Hedonic Emotional phenotype (20.8%) scored the highest on food enjoyment, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Picky Eating phenotype (9.3%) scored the lowest on food approach, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION Appetitive traits and psychological symptoms appear to cluster in distinct patterns, giving rise to four unique phenotypic profiles, which, if replicated, may help inform the development of tailored treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia K Fox
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen J Molitor
- Division of Pediatric Psychology and Developmental Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David M Vock
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Amy C Gross
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Curzon MM, Dick AS, Coccia C, Graziano PA. Exploring Differences in Physical Health in Young Children With and Without ADHD. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:120-130. [PMID: 38078865 PMCID: PMC10874215 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess differences in child physical health outcomes and metrices associated with obesity in a sample of predominantly Hispanic/Latinx young children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Participants included 127 children diagnosed with ADHD and 96 typically developing (TD) children between 4 and 7 years of age. Objective measures of children's body composition, fitness, and physical activity were conducted. Parents of children completed food recalls to assess their child's dietary intake, diet quality was calculated based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and parents completed a survey about their family's health habits. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed that those with ADHD were more likely to be classified as having an overweight or obese (Ov/O) body mass index (BMI). Linear regression analyses indicated that children with ADHD performed worse on a fitness test and consumed more calories relative to TD children. Moderation analyses indicated that sex differences in steps were prominent in our TD sample, but not among those with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Young children with ADHD are at greater risk for having an Ov/O BMI, being less fit, and eating a greater intake of calories compared to TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Curzon
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Anthony S Dick
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Catherine Coccia
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Paulo A Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
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Thorsteinsdottir S, Olafsdottir AS, Traustadottir OU, Njardvik U. Changes in Anxiety following Taste Education Intervention: Fussy Eating Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:4783. [PMID: 38004177 PMCID: PMC10675003 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the surge in studies on fussy eating in recent years, anxiety as an associated factor is generally not considered, even though children with fussy eating and those with neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often have higher levels of anxiety than typically developing children. The current study investigated changes in anxiety scores during a Taste Education intervention, a seven-week school-based intervention for 71 children with fussy eating. Comparisons were made based on neurodevelopmental status (between children with (n = 30) and without (n = 41) neurodevelopmental disorders). Participants were paired based on age, sex, and neurodevelopmental disorder. The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) was administered at delayed intervention (for those waiting 7 weeks before starting the intervention), pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at six-month follow-up. Results did not indicate elevated anxiety based on mean MASC T-scores. MASC Total T-scores ranged from slightly elevated to average, decreasing significantly between pre-intervention and post-intervention, plateauing at six-month follow-up. Significant reductions between measurement points were seen for the physical symptoms, social anxiety, and separation anxiety subscales, but not for harm avoidance. Repeated measures analysis of variance with neurodevelopmental disorders as between-subjects factors did not reveal a significant interaction effect between neurodevelopmental disorders and changes in MASC Total score or subscales. The results indicated that our food-based intervention did not elevate MASC scores in fussy eating children, with or without neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Anna S. Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Olof U. Traustadottir
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 12, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (O.U.T.); (U.N.)
| | - Urdur Njardvik
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 12, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (O.U.T.); (U.N.)
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Camacho-Barcia L, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Applying psycho-behavioural phenotyping in obesity characterization. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:871-883. [PMID: 37261609 PMCID: PMC10492697 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in obesity, beyond being explained by metabolic and medical complications, are understood by alterations in eating behaviour which underlie psychological processes. From this psychological perspective, studies have identified several potential characteristic features at the psycho-behavioural level that could additionally explain the maintenance of chronic excess weight or the unsuccessful results of current treatments. To date, despite the growing evidence, the heterogeneity of the psychological evidence associated with obesity has made it challenging to generate consensus on whether these psycho-behavioural phenotypes can be a complement to improve outcomes of existing interventions. For this reason, this narrative review is an overview focused on summarizing studies describing the psycho-behavioural phenotypes associated with obesity. Based on the literature, three psychological constructs have emerged: reward dependence, cognitive control, and mood and emotion. We discuss the clinical implications of stratifying and identifying these psycho-behavioural profiles as potential target for interventions which may ensure a better response to treatment in individuals with obesity. Our conclusions pointed out a considerable overlap between these psycho-behavioural phenotypes suggesting bidirectional interactions between them. These findings endorse the complexity of the psycho-behavioural features associated with obesity and reinforce the need to consider them in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Shoaff JR, Hahn J, Calafat AM, Korrick SA. Adolescent endocrine disrupting chemical exposure and academic achievement. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116493. [PMID: 37390949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies support associations of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as some phthalates, phenols, and parabens with a wide range of cognitive and behavioral traits. While many of these traits are associated with academic achievement, the relationship of EDC exposure specifically with academic achievement in adolescence has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of urinary biomarker concentrations of EDCs with academic achievement in adolescents as well as the potential for psychosocial factors to modify associations. METHODS We quantified urinary concentrations of select EDCs in 205 adolescent participants from the New Bedford Cohort (NBC), a prospective birth cohort of children born to mothers residing near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site in Massachusetts, and estimated associations between EDCs and adolescent academic achievement assessed with the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT). Measures of socioeconomic status and the home environment were used to estimate psychosocial stress. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of antiandrogenic phthalates were inversely associated with Math Computation scores. For example, each doubling of the concentration of antiandrogenic phthalate metabolites in urine was associated with a 1.94 point decrease (95% CI: 3.84, -0.05) in Math Computation scores, indicating poorer performance. For the most part, associations were stronger in adolescents with more, as compared to less, social disadvantage, but most of these differences did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our findings support the potential for adolescents' exposure to antiandrogenic phthalates to correlate with poorer academic achievement in math, particularly among participants with greater psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Shoaff
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jill Hahn
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Thorsteinsdottir S, Bjarnason R, Eliasdottir HG, Olafsdottir AS. Body Composition in Fussy-Eating Children, with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders, and Their Parents, Following a Taste Education Intervention. Nutrients 2023; 15:2788. [PMID: 37375692 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fussy eaters may have an increased risk of becoming overweight or obese as adolescents, with fussy eating and weight status also correlating with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Further, maternal and children's weight status relationships are well-established. In this study, we analyzed the body composition of parent-child dyads using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Fifty-one children aged 8-12 years, with an ND (n = 18) and without (n = 33), and their parents, participated in a 7-week food-based Taste Education intervention with 6-month follow-up. The paired t-test was used to compare differences in body composition based on children's ND status. In logistic regression analysis, odds of children being in the overweight/obese or overfat/obese categories increased by a factor of 9.1 and 10.6, respectively, when having NDs, adjusting for parents' BMI (body mass index) or fat percentage (FAT%). Children with NDs and their parents had significantly higher mean BMI-SDS (BMI standard deviation score) and FAT% at pre-intervention than children without NDs and their parents. Mean BMI-SDS and FAT% lowered significantly between time points for children with NDs and their parents but not for children without NDs or their parents. The findings underline the need for additional exploration into the relationships between children's and parents' body composition based on children's ND status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Laeknagardur 4th Floor, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Pediatrics, National University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Helga G Eliasdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna S Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Halt AH, Hirvonen TT, Koskela J, Kerkelä M, Hurtig T. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not associated with overweight in adolescence but is related to unhealthy eating behavior and limited physical activity. Nord J Psychiatry 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37104707 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2198504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the possible relation between adolescent ADHD and high BMI, studying also eating behavior and physical activity. METHODS The data were collected from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. The follow-up at the age of 16 consisted of a self-assessment form and clinical examination where height and weight were measured and questionnaires on physical activity and eating habits was completed. ADHD diagnosis was based on a diagnostic interview with adolescents and parents according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. The participants were divided into the following study groups: individuals with adolescent ADHD (n = 90), those with only childhood ADHD (n = 40), and community controls (n = 269). RESULTS Results showed no significant differences in BMI, but adolescents with ADHD seemed to have unhealthier eating habits than controls; they ate less often vegetables and breakfast, devoured more often, and consumed more fast food, soft drinks, sweets, and potato crisps daily. Individuals with adolescent ADHD reported light exercise more often but strenuous exercise more seldom than controls. Those with only childhood ADHD did not significantly differ from community controls regarding health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS There was no relation between ADHD and high BMI but adolescents with ADHD had unhealthier eating habits than those without ADHD. It is conceivable that unhealthy eating behaviors in adolescence might be a risk factor for the development of later overweight; however, the longitudinal associations between ADHD, unhealthy eating behaviors and overweight have not been considered in the present study and remain to be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu-Helmi Halt
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taru-Tuulia Hirvonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Koskela
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Kambey PA, Kodzo LD, Serojane F, Oluwasola BJ. The bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity: Evidence from Meta and bioinformatics analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:443-452. [PMID: 36806758 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globally high prevalence of both obesity and bipolar disorder makes the bidirectional relationship between the two disorders a pivotal phenomenon; hence, a meta-analysis to synopsize their co-occurrence is indispensable. Psychotropic-induced obesity has been reported to be an important factor linking bipolar disorder and obesity. Nonetheless, the molecular signature of this connection is perplexing. METHODS Here, we leverage both meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis to provide a conspectus and deduce the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar disease patients following psychotropic treatment. Searches were performed on a diverse collection of databases through June 25, 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the quality of the studies. Analysis of OR, 95% CI, and tests of homogeneity were carried out with STATA software. For the bioinformatics analysis, the LIMMA package which is incorporated into the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used. RESULTS Our search yielded 138 studies, of which 18 fitted our inclusion criteria. Individuals who are obese have an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder (pooled adjusted OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01-1.62). In a manner analogous to this, the pooled adjusted odds ratio reveals that patients with bipolar disorder have an increased chance of obesity (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.35-2). To deduce the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar disorder patients following psychotropic treatment, three data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE5392, GSE87610, and GSE35977) were integrated and the genes obtained were validated by a cohort of known single nucleotide polymorphism of obesity via direct overlap. Results indicate genes that are activated after psychotropic treatment. Some of these genes are CYBB, C3, OLR1, CX3CR1, C3AR1, CD53, AIF1, LY86, BDNF, ALOX5AP, CXCL10, and the preponderance falls under mesodermal and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The ROC analysis reveals a strong discriminating value between the two groups (UBAP2L AUC = 0.806, p = 1.1e-04, NOVA2 AUC = 0.73, p = 6.7e-03). CONCLUSION Our study shows unequivocal evidence of a bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity, but more crucially, it provides a snapshot of the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar patients as a result of psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Lalit Dzifa Kodzo
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Nursing and Midwifery Training college, Twifo Praso, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Fattimah Serojane
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolorunduro Janet Oluwasola
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Departure of computer science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 92, Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Huang Y, Zaid M, Tong L. ADHD Symptoms and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study With Abnormal Eating Behaviors as Moderating Factors. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1452-1463. [PMID: 35240871 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies have explored the possibility of ADHD and associated abnormal eating behaviors as catalysts for obesity in children and adolescents. However, results were largely inconsistent. This study aims to explore the effects of ADHD and abnormal eating behaviors (including eating disorders, emotional eating, and bedtime eating) on obesity, and to assess the moderating role of abnormal eating behaviors between ADHD symptoms and BMI in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS We recruited 546 grade 3 to 11 students and their parents by stratified random sampling from three primary schools and four middle schools in Shanghai, China. This study used parent-reported versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV to assess ADHD symptoms, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Children's Eating Attitude Test to assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire to collect information about other abnormal eating behaviors at baseline and at a follow-up survey 1 year later. RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that ED played a moderating role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and BMI in addition to age (β = .003, p = .008). The simple slope test showed that ADHD symptoms positively correlated with BMI ofs in the older age group with a high level of ED symptoms (β = .16, p < .001). Moreover, the baseline ED symptoms (β = .03, p = .032) and ADHD symptoms (β = .12, p = .015) increased the students' BMI one year later after controlling for confounding factors. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students' BMI separately. Moreover, ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students' BMI separately. Moreover, a combined high level of ADHD and ED symptoms is correlated with students' high BMI in the older age group.
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14
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Modlinska K, Chrzanowska A, Goncikowska K, Pisula W. Influence of excessive sucrose consumption on exploratory behaviour in rats - possible implications for the brain reward system. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Predicting Children with ADHD Using Behavioral Activity: A Machine Learning Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of childhood’s most frequent neurobehavioral disorders. The purpose of this study is to: (i) extract the most prominent risk factors for children with ADHD; and (ii) propose a machine learning (ML)-based approach to classify children as either having ADHD or healthy. We extracted the data of 45,779 children aged 3–17 years from the 2018–2019 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH, 2018–2019). About 5218 (11.4%) of children were ADHD, and the rest of the children were healthy. Since the class label is highly imbalanced, we adopted a combination of oversampling and undersampling approaches to make a balanced class label. We adopted logistic regression (LR) to extract the significant factors for children with ADHD based on p-values (<0.05). Eight ML-based classifiers such as random forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), XGBoost, k-nearest neighborhood (KNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and 1-dimensional convolution neural network (1D CNN) were adopted for the prediction of children with ADHD. The average age of the children with ADHD was 12.4 ± 3.4 years. Our findings showed that RF-based classifier provided the highest classification accuracy of 85.5%, sensitivity of 84.4%, specificity of 86.4%, and an AUC of 0.94. This study illustrated that LR with RF-based system could provide excellent accuracy for classifying and predicting children with ADHD. This system will be helpful for early detection and diagnosis of ADHD.
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Kvadsheim E, Fasmer OB, Fasmer EE, R. Hauge E, Thayer JF, Osnes B, Haavik J, Koenig J, Adolfsdottir S, Plessen KJ, Sørensen L. Innovative approaches in investigating
inter‐beat
intervals: Graph theoretical method suggests altered autonomic functioning in adolescents with
ADHD. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14005. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Bernt Fasmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | | | - Erik R. Hauge
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science University of California, Irvine Irvine California United States
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Biomedicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Julian Koenig
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Steinunn Adolfsdottir
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Visual Impairments Statped ‐ National Service for Special Needs Education Bergen Norway
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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Maleki A, Bashirian S, Soltanian AR, Jenabi E, Farhadinasab A. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:85-89. [PMID: 33872487 PMCID: PMC8841975 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of a relationship between prenatal excess androgen exposure and central nervous developmental problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PURPOSE Here we aimed to use a meta-analysis to investigate whether the offspring of mothers with PCOS are at an increased chance of developing ADHD. METHODS Three main English databases were searched for articles published through December 2020. The NewcastleOttawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Study heterogeneity was determined using <italic>I</italic>2 statistics and publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. The results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and relative ratio (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. RESULTS Six articles (3 cohort and 3 case-control studies; 401,413 total ADHD cases) met the study criteria. Maternal PCOS was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring based on OR and RR (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.27-1.57) and (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51), respectively. There was no heterogeneity among the included articles based on OR (<italic>I</italic>2=0.0%, P=0.588) and RR (<italic>I</italic>2=0.0%, P=0.878). CONCLUSION Our study showed that maternal PCOS is a risk factor for ADHD. Therefore, screening their offspring for ADHD should be considered part of the comprehensive clinical care of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Maleki
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Non communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Jenabi
- Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Farhadinasab
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Meraya AM. Patterns of Medication Prescription among Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020171. [PMID: 35204892 PMCID: PMC8870051 DOI: 10.3390/children9020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to: (1) quantify the difference in the annual number of prescription medications (total and unique) between children and adolescents with ADHD and those without ADHD; and (2) identify the most prescribed medication classes and unique medications among children and adolescents with ADHD. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed using data from the 2015 and 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The study sample comprised children and adolescents (5–17 years). In the 5–12-year age group, those with ADHD were 2.4%, 17%, and 15% significantly more likely to have one, 2–4, and ≥5 prescription medications, respectively. Similarly, those in the 13–17-year age group were more likely to have one prescription medication (3%), 2–4 prescription medications (15%), and ≥5 prescription medications (12%) than those without ADHD. The most prescribed medications among children and adolescents with ADHD were methylphenidate and amphetamine-dextroamphetamine. ADHD was associated with both higher annual total and unique prescription medications. Additionally, concurrent use of prescription medications was more prevalent among children and adolescents with ADHD. High-quality randomized clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of combinations of multiple psychotherapeutics and stimulants’ agents are required to guide the evidence-based practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Salvat H, Mohammadi MN, Molavi P, Mostafavi SA, Rostami R, Salehinejad MA. Nutrient intake, dietary patterns, and anthropometric variables of children with ADHD in comparison to healthy controls: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35093041 PMCID: PMC8800296 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor health behaviors and variables are recently more documented in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lifestyle which might be relevant to the pathophysiology of this disorder. The objective of this case-control study was to assess the nutrient intake, dietary patterns, and anthropometric variables in children with ADHD compared to normal peers. METHOD One hundred children diagnosed with ADHD were included and compared to 100 healthy, sex-matched normal children as the control group. Anthropometric indices, macronutrients, and micronutrients were measured and compared in both groups. RESULTS ADHD children were significantly consuming more simple sugars, tea, ready-made meals but less protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, zinc and calcium compared to the control group. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of children with ADHD were significantly higher and were related to the severity and type of the disease. CONCLUSION Unhealthy eating behavior is more frequent in children with ADHD, compared to normal children which might warrant lifestyle intervention in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Salvat
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehriar Nader Mohammadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mostafavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rostami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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20
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Salcido A, Robles EH, Chaudhary K, Alvarado L, Iñiguez SD, Vargas-Medrano J, Diaz-Pacheco V, Villanos MT, Gadad BS, Martin SL. Association of ADHD and Obesity in Hispanic Children on the US-Mexico Border: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 15:749907. [PMID: 35069136 PMCID: PMC8766828 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.749907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are rising health concerns in the United States, especially among Hispanic children and adolescents. Research on Hispanic children and adolescents indicates disproportionately higher prevalence rates of obesity in this community but scant data on ADHD prevalence rates. In contrast, a plethora of research studies across the general population examines the relationship between childhood obesity and ADHD. In addition, there is a lack of research that examines the role of ethnicity and sub-ethnic group correlations in ADHD, particularly in the Hispanic population. Existing studies in the general population indicate ADHD may be a risk factor for being overweight compared to normal controls. The objective of the present study is to examine the prevalence of obesity in children with ADHD compared to children in the general population in a predominately Hispanic sample on the US-Mexico border. A total of 7,270 pediatric medical records were evaluated. The retrospective analysis included Body Mass Index (BMI) and related health variables, and ethnicity and showed that children with ADHD are more likely to be underweight. In conclusion, no significant relationship existed between obesity and ADHD among Hispanic children on the US-Mexico Border, and instead we found the opposite correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Salcido
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Eden Hernandez Robles
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Kiran Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Luis Alvarado
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Javier Vargas-Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Valeria Diaz-Pacheco
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maria Theresa Villanos
- Department of Pediatrics, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Bharathi S. Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Bharathi S. Gadad,
| | - Sarah L. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sarah L. Martin,
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El Amine F, Heidinger BA, Cameron JD, Hafizi K, BaniFatemi S, Robaey P, Vaillancourt R, Goldfield GS, Doucet E. Two-Month administration of Methylphenidate improves olfactory sensitivity and suppresses appetite in individuals with obesity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:432-440. [PMID: 34910595 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfaction contributes to feeding behaviour and is modulated by changes in dopamine levels. Methylphenidate (MPH) increases brain dopamine levels and has been shown to reduce appetite and promote weight loss in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The objectives of this study were to test the effect of MPH on olfaction, appetite, energy intake and body weight on individuals with obesity. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind study, 12 participants (age 28.9±6.7 yrs) (BMI 36.1±4.5 kg/m2) were assigned to MPH (0.5mg/kg) (n=5) or Placebo (n=7) twice daily for 2 months. Appetite (Visual Analog Scale), odour threshold (Sniffin' Sticks®), energy intake (food menu), and body weight (DEXA scan) were measured at day 1 and day 60. RESULTS MPH intake significantly increased odour threshold scores (6.3±1.4 vs. 9.4±2.1 and 7.9±2.3 vs. 7.8±1.9, respectively; p=0.029) vs. Placebo. There was a significantly greater suppression of appetite sensations (desire to eat (p=0.001), hunger (p=0.008), and prospective food consumption (p=0.003)) and an increase in fullness (p=0.028) over time in the MPH vs. Placebo. CONCLUSIONS MPH suppressed appetite and improved olfactory sensitivity in individuals with obesity. These data provide novel findings on the favourable effects of MPH on appetite and weight regulation in individuals living with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Doucet
- University of Ottawa, 6363, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5;
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22
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Köse S, Yılmaz Kafalı H, Erkan İdris ZG, Şentürk Pilan B, Özbaran B, Erermiş S. The prevalence and risk factors for overweight/obesity among Turkish children with neurodevelopmental disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 114:103992. [PMID: 34049231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and correlates of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) between autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to investigate which variables significantly contribute to OW/OB in each group. METHODS Of 267 cases (96 with ASD, 80 with ID, and 91 with ADHD) aged 2-18 years, body mass index (BMI) percentiles, birth weight, food reward usage, weekly screen and physical activity time, and psychotropics used were recorded. RESULTS OB (OB + OW) prevalence was 22.9 % (36.4 %) in ASD; 22.5 % (40 %) in ID; and 17.6 % (27.5 %) in ADHD. Although the ADHD group had the highest rate of stimulant usage (χ2 = 69.605, p < 0.001), physical activity attendance (χ2 = 49.751, p < 0.001), and the lowest anti-psychotic (χ2 = 69.142, p < 0.001), and anti-depressant usage (χ2 = 7.219, p < 0.001) than ID/DD or ASD, BMI percentile of the participants did not differ between the groups (H(2) = 1.652, p = 0.43). In hierarchical logistic regression analysis, in ASD, food reward (OR = 4.65, 95 %Cl = 1.25-17.19) and the number of psychotropics used (OR = 2.168, 95 %Cl = 1.07-4.36) were significantly related to the risk of OW/OB. In ADHD, each drugs administered and a 1-kilogram elevation in birth weight was associated with a 4.09 and 2.82 increased risk for OW/OB. CONCLUSION OW/OB is prevalent in children with neurodevelopmental disorders regardless of their diagnosis. Our findings showed that food rewards put a higher risk for OW/OB in ASD than administering a psychotropic. It could be better to use other positive reinforcements other than edible ones to prevent OW/OB in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Köse
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Turkey.
| | - Helin Yılmaz Kafalı
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Turkey.
| | | | - Birsen Şentürk Pilan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Özbaran
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Erermiş
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Turkey.
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Nakamura Y, Koike S. Association of Disinhibited Eating and Trait of Impulsivity With Insula and Amygdala Responses to Palatable Liquid Consumption. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:647143. [PMID: 34012386 PMCID: PMC8128107 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.647143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior is not only influenced by the current energy balance, but also by the behavioral characteristics of eating. One of the recognized eating behavior constructs is ‘disinhibited eating,’ which refers to the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotional states or the presence of highly palatable foods. Food-related disinhibition is involved in binge eating, weight gain, and obesity and is also associated with the trait of impulsivity, which in turn, is linked to weight gain or maladaptive eating. However, the relationships among food-related disinhibition, the trait of impulsivity, and the neural substrates of eating behaviors in adolescence remain unclear. Therefore, we designed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to examine the associations between brain responses to palatable liquid consumption and disinhibited eating behavior or impulsivity in healthy adolescents. Thirty-four adolescents (mean age ± standard deviation = 17.12 ± 1.91 years, age range = 14–19 years, boys = 15, girls = 19) participated in this study. Disinhibited eating was assessed with the disinhibition subscale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, while impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Participants received two fMRI sessions−a palatable liquid consumption fMRI and a resting-state fMRI. The fMRI experiment showed that increased disinhibited eating was positively associated with a greater insular response to palatable liquid consumption, while increased impulsivity was positively correlated with a greater amygdala response. The resting-state fMRI experiment showed that increased disinhibited eating was positively correlated with strengthened intrinsic functional connectivity between the insula and the amygdala, adjusting for sex (estimates of the beta coefficients = 0.146, standard error = 0.068, p = 0.040). Given that the amygdala and insular cortex are structurally and functionally connected and involved in trait impulsivity and ingestive behavior, our findings suggest that increased disinhibited eating would be associated with impulsivity via strengthened intrinsic functional connectivity between the insula and amygdala and linked to maladaptive eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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[Overweight/Obesity of Children and Adolescents and its Association with Internalising and Externalising Disorders]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2021; 70:182-197. [PMID: 33641646 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2021.70.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Overweight/Obesity of Children and Adolescents and its Association with Internalising and Externalising Disorders Research in child and adolescent psychiatry increasingly deals with the association between mental disorder and weight. This paper provides an overview of national and international studies on the relationship between body composition and mental illness in children and adolescents, with a focus on the representation of individual internalizing and externalizing disturbance patterns. The majority of studies in this area are based on the so-called one-compartment model of body composition in terms of the Body Mass Index (BMI) or on the classification as "overweight" or "obese". Associations between mental disorders and body composition were described in two directions: On one hand, both externalising and internalising symptoms are associated with obesity, and on the other hand there are also more psychopathological symptoms among overweight children and adolescents. Longitudinal studies suggest effects in both directions. While externalising symptoms and weight are thought to be related from infancy on, this connection seems to be evident for internalising disorders not earlier than for early school age. It is also known from the literature that psychopharmacological medication affects weight and body growth - especially with psychostimulants, but also with neuroleptics and antidepressants. We found only a few studies describing the relationship between body composition and psyche in more complex models with two or more compartments.
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25
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Yoo HJ, Han JM, Kim K, Song G, Yee J, Chung JE, Lee KE, Gwak HS. Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression subscales in adolescents. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02030. [PMID: 33439553 PMCID: PMC7994686 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to identify the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) proneness and aggressive propensity in adolescents. METHODS A quantitative, large-scale, cross-sectional study was performed from April to May 2016 in Korea. The survey questionnaire included overall health behaviors, as well as scales for assessing ADHD proneness (revised short form of the Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale; CASS[S]) and aggressive behavior (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BPAQ) in adolescents. Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves was constructed to determine the cut-off value of total aggression score for discriminating ADHD proneness. RESULTS A total of 2,432 students participated in the survey, and 1,872 of them completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 77.0%. Based on CASS(S), 33 (1.8%) subjects were classified as the ADHD group. AUROC curve analysis showed that a score of 68.5 points had higher sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (69.4%) to discriminate ADHD proneness. ADHD proneness was significantly associated with higher aggression subdomain scores (physical, verbal, anger, and hostility). Especially, anger and hostility had a stronger relationship with ADHD proneness than did physical and verbal aggression. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly related to body mass index in the top 10% of the study population, alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal trouble, daytime sleepiness, and total aggression score of 68.5 points or higher. Adolescents who had total aggression scores of 68.5 points or higher showed a 9.8-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3-28.8) higher risk of ADHD compared with those who had scores less than 68.5 points. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly associated with aggression propensity. In particular, anger and hostility were more closely associated with ADHD proneness than were other aggression subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitai Kim
- Department of Communication, Honam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gonjin Song
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hunjan AK, Cheesman R, Coleman JRI, Hübel C, Eley TC, Breen G. No Evidence for Passive Gene-Environment Correlation or the Influence of Genetic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders on Adult Body Composition via the Adoption Design. Behav Genet 2021; 51:58-67. [PMID: 33141367 PMCID: PMC7815612 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between genetic and environmental risk is complex and for many traits, estimates of genetic effects may be inflated by passive gene-environment correlation. This arises because biological offspring inherit both their genotypes and rearing environment from their parents. We tested for passive gene-environment correlation in adult body composition traits using the 'natural experiment' of childhood adoption, which removes passive gene-environment correlation within families. Specifically, we compared 6165 adoptees with propensity score matched non-adoptees in the UK Biobank. We also tested whether passive gene-environment correlation inflates the association between psychiatric genetic risk and body composition. We found no evidence for inflation of heritability or polygenic scores in non-adoptees compared to adoptees for a range of body composition traits. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores for anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia did not differ in their influence on body composition traits in adoptees and non-adoptees. These findings suggest that passive gene-environment correlation does not inflate genetic effects for body composition, or the influence of psychiatric disorder genetic risk on body composition. Our design does not look at passive gene-environment correlation in childhood, and does not test for 'pure' environmental effects or the effects of active and evocative gene-environment correlations, where child genetics directly influences home environment. However, these findings suggest that genetic influences identified for body composition in this adult sample are direct, and not confounded by the family environment provided by biological relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avina K Hunjan
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Li L, Taylor MJ, Bälter K, Kuja‐Halkola R, Chen Q, Hegvik T, Tate AE, Chang Z, Arias‐Vásquez A, Hartman CA, Larsson H. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and dietary habits in adulthood: A large population-based twin study in Sweden. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:475-485. [PMID: 33029947 PMCID: PMC7702140 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Associations between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and dietary habits have not been well established and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We explored these associations using a Swedish population-based twin study with 17,999 individuals aged 20-47 years. We estimated correlations between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity with dietary habits and fitted twin models to determine the genetic and environmental contributions. Dietary habits were defined as (a) consumption of food groups, (b) consumption of food items rich in particular macronutrients, and (c) healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. At the phenotypic level, inattention was positively correlated with seafood, high-fat, high-sugar, high-protein food consumptions, and unhealthy dietary pattern, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.05) to 0.13 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.15). Inattention was negatively correlated with fruits, vegetables consumptions and healthy dietary pattern, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.06 (95%CI: -0.08, -0.04) to -0.07 (95%CI: -0.09, -0.05). Hyperactivity/impulsivity and dietary habits showed similar but weaker patterns compared to inattention. All associations remained stable across age, sex and socioeconomic status. Nonshared environmental effects contributed substantially to the correlations of inattention (56-60%) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (63-80%) with dietary habits. The highest and lowest genetic correlations were between inattention and high-sugar food (rA = .16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.25), and between hyperactivity/impulsivity and unhealthy dietary pattern (rA = .05, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.14), respectively. We found phenotypic and etiological overlap between ADHD and dietary habits, although these associations were weak. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of common etiological pathways between ADHD symptoms and various dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katarina Bälter
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Public Health SciencesMälardalen UniversityVästeråsSweden
| | - Ralf Kuja‐Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tor‐Arne Hegvik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ashley E. Tate
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alejandro Arias‐Vásquez
- The Department of Psychiatry & Human GeneticsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Potentials of Musa Species Fruits against Oxidative Stress-Induced and Diet-Linked Chronic Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Implications of Micronutritional Factors and Dietary Secondary Metabolite Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5036. [PMID: 33142997 PMCID: PMC7663138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional quality and the well-being of the body system are directly linked aspects of human survival. From the unborn foetus to adulthood, the need for sustainable access to micronutrient-rich foods is pertinent and the global consumption of banana and plantain fruits, in effect, contributes to the alleviation of the scourge of malnutrition. This review is particularly aimed at evaluating the pharmacological dimensions through the biological mechanisms of Musa fruits in the body, which represent correlations with their constituent micronutrient factors and dietary polyphenolic constituents such as minerals, vitamin members, anthocyanins, lutein, α-,β- carotenes, neoxanthins and cryptoxanthins, epi- and gallo catechins, catecholamines, 3-carboxycoumarin, β-sitosterol, monoterpenoids, with series of analytical approaches for the various identified compounds being highlighted therein. Derivative value-products from the compartments (flesh and peel) of Musa fruits are equally highlighted, bringing forth the biomedicinal and nutritional relevance, including the potentials of Musa species in dietary diversification approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
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29
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on clinical and laboratory parameters of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Shoaff JR, Coull B, Weuve J, Bellinger DC, Calafat AM, Schantz SL, Korrick SA. Association of Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals During Adolescence With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Related Behaviors. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2015041. [PMID: 32857150 PMCID: PMC7455852 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neurobehavioral disorder. Studies suggest that prenatal and early childhood exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may be associated with ADHD, but the association during adolescence has not been studied to date. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between exposure to select endocrine-disrupting chemicals during adolescence and ADHD-related behaviors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS For this cross-sectional analysis, data were collected from 205 adolescents in the New Bedford Cohort, an ongoing prospective birth cohort, between June 18, 2011, and June 10, 2014. The adolescents provided spot urine samples and underwent neurodevelopmental testing. Statistical analyses performed from January 15 to December 31, 2019, used a repeated-measures analysis with multivariate modified Poisson models to estimate the adjusted relative risk of ADHD-related behaviors associated with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. EXPOSURES Urinary biomarker concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals or their metabolites, including phthalates, parabens, phenols, and triclocarban, were quantified. Summary exposure measures were created, combining biomarker concentrations of chemicals with a shared mechanism of action, exposure pathway, or chemical class. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Behaviors related to ADHD were assessed with up to 14 indices from self-, parent-, and teacher-completed behavioral checklists using validated and standardized instruments; specifically, the Conners Attention Deficit Scale and the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Scores on each index were dichotomized to identify those with evidence of a significant behavioral problem, defined by each scale's interpretive guidelines. RESULTS Among the 205 participants, the mean (SD) age at assessment was 15.3 (0.7) years, with 112 girls (55%) and 124 non-Hispanic White participants (61%). The median urine concentrations were 0.45 μmol/L of Σantiandrogenic phthalates, 0.13 μmol/L of ΣDEHP metabolites, 0.49 μmol/L of Σpersonal care product phthalates, 0.35 μmol/L of Σparabens, 0.02 μmol/L of Σbisphenols, and 0.02 μmol/L of Σdichlorophenols. A total of 82 (40%) had scores consistent with a significant behavioral problem, whereas 39 (19%) had an ADHD diagnosis. Each 2-fold increase in the sum of antiandrogenic phthalate concentrations was associated with a 1.34 (95% CI, 1.00-1.79) increase in the risk of significant ADHD-related behavior problems, whereas a 2-fold increase in the sum of dichlorophenols was associated with a 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01-1.32) increased risk. These associations tended to be stronger in male participants, but comparisons of sex-specific differences were imprecise. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are used in a wide variety of consumer products resulting in ubiquitous exposure. The study findings suggest that exposure to some of these chemicals, particularly certain phthalates, during adolescence may be associated with behaviors characteristic of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Shoaff
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C. Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan L. Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Patte KA, Davis CA, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter-Major J, Kennedy JL. A Behavioral Genetic Model of the Mechanisms Underlying the Link Between Obesity and Symptoms of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1425-1436. [PMID: 26794671 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715618793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The ADHD-obesity link has been suggested to result from a shared underlying basis of suboptimal dopamine (DA); however, this theory conflicts evidence that an amplified DA signal increases the risk for overeating and weight gain. A model was tested in which ADHD symptoms, predicted by hypodopaminergic functioning in the prefrontal cortex, in combination with an enhanced appetitive drive, predict hedonic eating and, in turn, higher body mass index (BMI). Method: DRD2 and DRD4 markers were genotyped. The model was tested using structural equation modeling in a nonclinical sample (N = 421 adults). Results: The model was a good fit to the data. Controlling for education, all parameter estimates were significant, except for the DRD4-ADHD symptom pathway. The significant indirect effect indicates that overeating mediated the ADHD symptoms-BMI association. Conclusion: Results support the hypothesis that overeating and elevated DA in the ventral striatum-representative of a greater reward response-contribute to the ADHD symptom-obesity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline A Davis
- York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan S Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hails KA, Zhou Y, Shaw DS. The Mediating Effect of Self-Regulation in the Association Between Poverty and Child Weight: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 22:290-315. [PMID: 30725306 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in self-regulation (SR) have been proposed as a potential contributor to child overweight/obesity, a public health concern that disproportionately affects children living in poverty. Although poverty is known to influence SR, SR has not been considered as a potential mechanism in the association between poverty and child obesity. The aim of the current paper was to systematically review the current literature to determine whether SR is a viable mechanism in the relationship between child exposure to poverty and later risk of overweight/obesity. We systematically review and summarize literature in three related areas with the aim of generating a developmentally informed model that accounts for the consistent association between poverty and child weight, specifically how: (1) poverty relates to child weight, (2) poverty relates to child SR, and (3) SR is associated with weight. To quantify the strength of associations for each pathway, effect sizes were collected and aggregated. Findings from the studies included suggest small but potentially meaningful associations between poverty and child SR and between SR and child weight. The conceptualization and measurement of SR, however, varied across literature studies and made it difficult to determine whether SR can feasibly connect poverty to child obesity. Although SR may be a promising potential target for obesity intervention for low-income children, additional research on how SR affects risk of obesity is crucial, especially based on the lack of success of the limited number of SR-promoting interventions for improving children's weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Hails
- University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiyao Zhou
- University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Effects of Chronic Use of Methylphenidate on Spermatogenesis and Sexual Hormones in Adult Male Rats. Nephrourol Mon 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The growing prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the non-medical use of Methylphenidate (MPH) among the youth have lead male infertility to be a major health problem. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of MPH administration on different aspects of productivity, including total body weight, testis weight, spermatogenesis, sperm motility, histopathology changes, and sex hormone serum levels in male rats. Methods: This study was performed with 54 eight-week-old male rats divided into one control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups were gavaged with 2 and 10 mg/kg methylphenidate daily while the control group was gavaged with normal saline (at the same dosage). After 60 days, rats were subjected to blood sampling and bilateral orchidoepididymectomy under anesthesia. Spermogram, histological, and hormonal evaluations were performed on the samples. Testes weight and total body weight were also recorded. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the MPH and experimental groups in terms of hormonal, spermographic, and histopathologic features, as well as weight. Luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels, sperm count and motility, Leydig cell hyperplasia, spermatogenesis, congestion and necrosis levels, total body weight, and testis weight were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. However, no difference was observed between the experimental and control groups concerning follicle-stimulating hormone, maturation arrest, and edema levels. Conclusions: Based on the findings, MPH exposure exerts a significant effect on the testis and total body weight, as well as hormonal, spermatographic, and histopathologic characteristics. Accordingly, the present study provided an insight into the negative impression of MPH on sexual parameters.
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Curtin C, Hyman SL, Boas DD, Hassink S, Broder-Fingert S, Ptomey LT, Gillette MD, Fleming RK, Must A, Bandini LG. Weight Management in Primary Care for Children With Autism: Expert Recommendations. Pediatrics 2020; 145:S126-S139. [PMID: 32238539 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1895p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that the prevalence of obesity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is higher than in typically developing children. The US Preventive Services Task Force and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have endorsed screening children for overweight and obesity as part of the standard of care for physicians. However, the pediatric provider community has been inadequately prepared to address this issue in children with ASD. The Healthy Weight Research Network, a national research network of pediatric obesity and autism experts funded by the US Health Resources and Service Administration Maternal and Child Health Bureau, developed recommendations for managing overweight and obesity in children with ASD, which include adaptations to the AAP's 2007 guidance. These recommendations were developed from extant scientific evidence in children with ASD, and when evidence was unavailable, consensus was established on the basis of clinical experience. It should be noted that these recommendations do not reflect official AAP policy. Many of the AAP recommendations remain appropriate for primary care practitioners to implement with their patients with ASD; however, the significant challenges experienced by this population in both dietary and physical activity domains, as well as the stress experienced by their families, require adaptations and modifications for both preventive and intervention efforts. These recommendations can assist pediatric providers in providing tailored guidance on weight management to children with ASD and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Curtin
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; .,Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Susan L Hyman
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Diane D Boas
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Sandra Hassink
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois
| | - Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Boston Medical Center and School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren T Ptomey
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Meredith Dreyer Gillette
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Children's Mercy Kansas City and School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Richard K Fleming
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aviva Must
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Linda G Bandini
- Healthy Weight Research Network, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mocanu V, Tavakoli I, MacDonald A, Dang JT, Switzer N, Birch DW, Karmali S. The Impact of ADHD on Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2020; 29:1403-1409. [PMID: 30706311 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective our study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on bariatric surgery outcomes. Despite the effectiveness of bariatric surgery, about 10 to 20% of patients continue to regain weight after the procedure. New evidence supports that ADHD may be directly associated with obesity and may affect outcomes following bariatric surgery. However, certain psychiatric illnesses, such as ADHD, are rarely screened for, leading to a continued lack of data on the interaction between ADHD and bariatric surgery. A comprehensive literature search for both published and unpublished studies of ADHD and bariatric surgery from 1946 to August 2018 was performed. The search was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases as well as conference abstracts. Our search strategy terms included "(ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) AND (bariatrics OR obesity surgery OR gastric bypass OR gastric sleeve OR Roux-en-Y OR RYGB OR sleeve gastrectomy)" and was limited to human studies in the English language. Preliminary database search of the literature yielded 104 articles after 70 duplicates were removed. A total of five studies with 492 patients were included. The overall ADHD rate was 20.9% with reported rates ranging from 7 to 38%. The weighted mean age was 44.0 ± 10.2 years, the weighted sex was 83.6% female, and the weighted mean follow-up was 22.2 months. Preoperative weighted mean BMI was 43.7 versus a postoperative weighted mean BMI of 34.7. No statistical significance was observed for mean BMI difference between non-ADHD vs. ADHD patients undergoing bariatric surgery (three studies; MD - 2.66; CI - 7.54 to 2.13; p = 0.28). Statistical significance was, however, observed for postoperative follow-up between patients with ADHD vs. non-ADHD subjects (three studies; MD - 7.28; - 13.83 to -0.73; p = 0.03). Patients with ADHD do not have a statistically significant mean BMI difference following bariatric surgery but have a statistically significant reduction in postoperative follow-up versus non-ADHD patients. Targeted strategies aimed at improving clinic attendance for this at-risk ADHD population may improve bariatric outcomes and minimize recidivism rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Iran Tavakoli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Andrew MacDonald
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Jerry T Dang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Noah Switzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Daniel W Birch
- Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tielbeek JJ, Boutwell BB. Exploring the Genomic Architectures of Health, Physical Traits and Antisocial Behavioral Outcomes: A Brief Report. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:539. [PMID: 32670102 PMCID: PMC7330713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely replicated finding across the behavioral sciences is that antisocial behaviors correlate with an array of health problems. Less clear, however, is the precise nature of this association. There is reason to suspect that a direct causal link exists between incarceration-a consequence of some antisocial behaviors-and certain negative health outcomes, for instance. However, it might be the case that broader phenotypes like antisocial behavior may correlate with certain health and physiological traits at a genomic level. We explore this possibility from a theoretical vantage point, while also presenting some preliminary data from existing secondary sources. Tentatively, no significant genetic correlations emerged across a host of health, physiological, and wellbeing outcomes after correction for multiple testing. However, more work is needed exploring this topic. We propose that future studies should make use of larger, more diverse samples and examine the genetic overlap between homogeneous clusters of antisocial behavioral subtypes and disease traits or symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorim J Tielbeek
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian B Boutwell
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States.,John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Zeng Y, Tang Y, Yue Y, Li W, Qiu X, Hu P, Tang J, Wang H, Yang X, Qu Y, Mu D. Cumulative evidence for association of parental diabetes mellitus and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 117:129-139. [PMID: 31706957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between parental diabetes mellitus and the risk of ADHD in offspring. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2019. Thirteen observational studies containing 5,052,736 participants were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies using predefined standard procedures. Random-effects model were used. We found that maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.31-1.50) in adjusted analyses. Increased risks of ADHD in offspring were also observed among those with maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D) (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.27-1.52) and paternal T1D (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13-1.28) in adjusted analyses. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. Future studies should use robust designs to address whether the association with parental diabetes mellitus is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Ultrasonic Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Fruchter E, Marom-Harel H, Fenchel D, Kapra O, Ginat K, Portuguese S, Weiser M. Functioning of Young Adults With ADHD in the Military. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1470-1474. [PMID: 27269006 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716652478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the functioning of young adults with ADHD in a military setting. Method: In all, 14,655 young adults with ADHD (mean age at first examination 17.8 ± 0.7) attending mandatory service in the Israeli military were compared with matched controls on several functioning domains. Results: Young adults with ADHD had more sessions with mental health care professionals, physician appointments, sick days, and disqualifications of professions than controls (p < .001). Young adults with ADHD were also less medically fit for combat service (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.72, 0.79]), more medically unfit for military service in general (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = [1.13, 1.40]), and had higher rates of overweight and obesity (p < .001). In addition, they were more likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.53]) or with minor affective and anxiety disorders (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = [1.06, 1.67]) than matched controls. Conclusion: These results support a negative effect of ADHD on the functioning of young adults in a military setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Fruchter
- 1 IDF Medical Corps, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | - Ori Kapra
- 2 Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Keren Ginat
- 1 IDF Medical Corps, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Mark Weiser
- 2 Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,3 Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100256. [PMID: 31569608 PMCID: PMC6826981 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review is aimed at presenting the most recent evidence on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. The review is informed by previous relevant systematic reviews and a search in Pubmed and PsycINFO up to 1 August 2019. Although the association between ADHD and obesity would seem, at first, paradoxical, in the past two decades there has been an increasing number of studies on this topic. The present review shows that there is meta-analytic evidence supporting a significant association between these two conditions, at least in adults. Growing evidence is also being published on the genetic and environmental factors underlying the association. However, the cause–effects paths, as well as the exact mechanisms explaining the association, remain unclear. Additionally, empirical evidence guiding the management/treatment of patients with the two conditions is still limited. Therefore, after almost 20 years from the first report of a link between ADHD and obesity, this association continues to be puzzling.
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40
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Ben Amor L, Lachal J. [Impulsivity and obesity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A clinical, neuropsychological and magnetic resonance spectroscopy exploratory study]. Encephale 2019; 45:494-500. [PMID: 31492416 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity in adults and children had previously been established in research studies. Brain imaging studies pointed out the important role of the prefrontal region in both ADHD and obesity. However, the underlying link between ADHD and obesity is not well understood. The hypothesis that impulsivity could play a role has been explored in clinical studies of ADHD and Binge Eating Disorders or Loss of Control Eating, with contradictory results. Our study aims to compare children with ADHD and obesity to children with ADHD and normal weight. We propose to compare these two populations with clinical, neuropsychological and brain spectroscopy investigation, focusing specifically on impulsivity items. METHOD Ten children presenting overweight or obesity were selected from a larger population of children with ADHD (5-12y) and paired with regard to gender and age with ten children with ADHD and normal weight from the same population. Conners Rating scales version parents (CPRS) and teachers (CTRS), Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II), and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) metabolites in five regions of interest (left and right prefrontal, left and right striatal and left cerebellum regions) were measured for all the children. For MRS, ratio to creatinine levels of following metabolites were measured: glycerophosphocholine+phosphocholine/creatinine (GPC+PCh/Cr), glutamate+glutamine (Glu+Gln/Cr), myoinositol (mI/Cr) et N-acétylaspartate+N-acétylaspartylglutamate (NAA+NAAG/Cr). RESULTS Hyperactivity/Impusivity and Conners Global Index (CGI) subscales of Conners rating scales showed a higher rate of impulsivity in children with ADHD and obesity as compared to children with ADHD and normal weight. Neuropsychological results were comparable in the two groups. Finally, MRS showed a higher GPC+PCh/Cr ratio in right prefrontal cortex in children with ADHD and obesity as compared to children with ADHD and normal weight. CONCLUSIONS Our results are concordant with the hypothesis that impulsivity could be the link between obesity and ADHD in a population of children with ADHD. The right prefrontal regions seem to be areas of interests that need more research in the study of the link between obesity and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ben Amor
- Département de psychiatrie, CHU de Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Département de psychiatrie, université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - J Lachal
- Département de psychiatrie, université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; APHP, hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, faculté de médecine, UVSQ, université Paris-Sud, université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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41
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Firth J, Siddiqi N, Koyanagi A, Siskind D, Rosenbaum S, Galletly C, Allan S, Caneo C, Carney R, Carvalho AF, Chatterton ML, Correll CU, Curtis J, Gaughran F, Heald A, Hoare E, Jackson SE, Kisely S, Lovell K, Maj M, McGorry PD, Mihalopoulos C, Myles H, O'Donoghue B, Pillinger T, Sarris J, Schuch FB, Shiers D, Smith L, Solmi M, Suetani S, Taylor J, Teasdale SB, Thornicroft G, Torous J, Usherwood T, Vancampfort D, Veronese N, Ward PB, Yung AR, Killackey E, Stubbs B. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:675-712. [PMID: 31324560 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, Bradford, UK; Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Ramsay Health Care Mental Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Constanza Caneo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebekah Carney
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Chatterton
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackie Curtis
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Heald
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Erin Hoare
- Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Myles
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Pillinger
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - David Shiers
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department and Padua Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Shuichi Suetani
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Johanna Taylor
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, Bradford, UK
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of General Practice, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Inoue Y, Howard AG, Stickley A, Yazawa A, Gordon-Larsen P. Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the association between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom subtypes and body mass index in the transition from adolescence to adulthood in the United States. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12498. [PMID: 30629806 PMCID: PMC6525621 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI), little research has focused on how this association differs by sex or race/ethnicity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between ADHD and BMI by sex and race/ethnicity (ie, European [EA], African [AA], and Hispanic American [HA]). METHODS Data came from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health Waves II to IV (n = 13 332, age: 12-34 years). On the basis of self-reported childhood ADHD symptoms between the ages of 5 and 12 years, participants were categorized into: ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-HI); ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I); ADHD combined (ADHD-C; a combination of ADHD-HI and ADHD-I symptoms); and non-ADHD. RESULTS The patterns of ADHD-BMI associations in the transition period between adolescence and young adulthood differed by sex and race/ethnicity. Compared with non-ADHD, ADHD-HI was associated with higher BMI among EA males and females, while ADHD-I was associated with higher BMI among EA females. ADHD-C was associated with higher BMI for HA females. We found no evidence of an association among AA males and females and HA males. CONCLUSION These study results suggest that the association between ADHD subtypes and BMI might differ across population subgroups in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Inoue
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Aki Yazawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Neudecker C, Mewes N, Reimers AK, Woll A. Exercise Interventions in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Systematic Review. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:307-324. [PMID: 25964449 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715584053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise has attracted attention as a potential helpful intervention in children with ADHD. Effects are emphasized on cognition, social-emotional, and motor development. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted using the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC to analyze the efficacy of different types of exercise interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Seven studies examining the acute and 14 studies examining the long-term effects were included. RESULTS The largest effects were reported for mixed exercise programs on ADHD symptomatology and fine motor precision. However, because of the large differences in the study designs, the comparability is limited. CONCLUSION At this time, no evidence-based recommendation can be formulated regarding frequency, intensity, or duration of exercise. Nevertheless, some first trends regarding the effects of certain types of exercise can be identified. When focusing on long-term health benefits in children and adolescents with ADHD, qualitative exercise characteristics might play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne K Reimers
- 1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
- 2 University of Konstanz, Germany
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Do EK, Haberstick BC, Williams RB, Lessem JM, Smolen A, Siegler IC, Fuemmeler BF. The role of genetic and environmental influences on the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and BMI. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:33-42. [PMID: 30349010 PMCID: PMC7065598 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been previously associated with concurrent and later obesity in adulthood, the etiology of this association remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the shared genetic effects of ADHD symptoms and BMI in a large sample of sibling pairs, consider how these shared effects may vary over time, and examine potential sex differences. SUBJECT/METHODS Sibling pair data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health); childhood ADHD symptoms were reported retrospectively during young adulthood, while three prospective measurements of BMI were available from young adulthood to later adulthood. Cholesky decomposition models were fit to this data using Mx and maximum-likelihood estimation. The twin and sibling sample for these analyses included: 221 monozygotic (MZ) pairs (92 male-male, 139 female-female), 228 dizygotic (DZ) pairs (123 male-male, 105 female-female), 471 full-sibling (FS) pairs (289 male-male, 182 female-female), 106 male-female DZ twin pairs, and 234 male-female FS pairs. RESULTS The magnitude of the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and BMI changed over time and by sex. The etiological relationship between childhood ADHD symptoms and the three prospective measurements of BMI differed for males and females, such that unique or non-shared environmental influences contributed to the relationship within males and genetic factors contributed to the relationship within females. Specifically, among females, genetic influences on childhood ADHD symptoms were partially shared with those effecting BMI and increased from adolescence to later adulthood (genetic correlation = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.07-0.36) in adolescence and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.41) in adulthood). CONCLUSION Genetic influences on ADHD symptoms in childhood are partially shared with those effecting obesity. However, future research is needed to determine why this association is limited to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Do
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brett C Haberstick
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Redford B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lessem
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Racicka E, Hanć T, Giertuga K, Bryńska A, Wolańczyk T. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: The Significance of Comorbidities and Pharmacotherapy. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:1095-1108. [PMID: 25895508 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715578272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with ADHD with emphasis on pharmacological treatment and comorbid disorders. METHOD We analyzed 408 medical records of patients with ADHD aged 7 to 18. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight (14.71% vs. 12.83%, χ2 = 3,586.43, p < .001) and obesity (6.37% vs. 3.45%, χ2 = 3,588.19, p < .001) was significantly higher in children with ADHD compared with the population. There was significantly higher incidence of obesity in patients with comorbid diagnosis of adjustment disorder (22.22% vs. 4.42%, χ2 = 5.66, p = .02) and mental retardation (19.05% vs. 4.42%, χ2 = 7.63, p = .005). Pharmacological treatment was associated with a higher incidence of obesity (8.37% vs. 2.76%, χ2 = 4.92, p = .03). CONCLUSION Standardized body mass index (BMI), prevalence of overweight, and obesity was higher in patients with ADHD compared with the population. Higher incidence of obesity was shown in patients with analyzed comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Racicka
- 1 Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- 2 Department of Human Biological Development, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Giertuga
- 3 Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Bryńska
- 1 Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- 1 Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Langrock C, Hebebrand J, Radowksi K, Hamelmann E, Lücke T, Holtmann M, Legenbauer T, Schmidt B, Frank M, Jöckel KH, Reinehr T. Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 89:150-156. [PMID: 29320782 DOI: 10.1159/000485620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing discussion whether thyroid hormones are involved in the development and course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since obesity is associated with both higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations and increased rates of ADHD, we hypothesized that overweight children with ADHD show higher TSH and fT3 concentrations compared to overweight children without ADHD. METHODS TSH, fT3, fT4, and leptin levels were analyzed in 230 children (60.9% boys, 9.3 ± 1.7 years old, 35.7% migration background). The children were divided into four groups (I = 26 overweight children with ADHD, II = 56 normal-weight children with ADHD, III = 66 overweight children without ADHD, and IV = 82 normal-weight children without ADHD). Severity of ADHD was determined by the parent version of the Connors 3® rating scales. RESULTS Overweight children with ADHD did not differ significantly from overweight children without ADHD with respect to TSH, fT3, or fT4 concentrations. Comparing the thyroid hormones between the four groups also demonstrated no significant differences for TSH and fT4 concentrations. fT3 concentrations were significantly higher in normal-weight children with ADHD compared to normal-weight children without ADHD. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not significantly related to TSH or fT3 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and migration background. In these analyses, TSH was associated with BMI SDS (β coefficient 0.19 ± 0.12, p = 0.002) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.87 ± 1.36, p < 0.001). fT3 (β coefficient 0.06 ± 0.05, p = 0.009) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.17 ± 1.13, p = 0.009) were also associated with BMI SDS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the relation between overweight and thyroid hormones but point against the hypothesis that thyroid hormones might link overweight and ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Langrock
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Radowksi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Children's Center Bethel, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Frank
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Özcan Ö, Arslan M, Güngör S, Yüksel T, Selimoğlu MA. Plasma Leptin, Adiponectin, Neuropeptide Y Levels in Drug Naive Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:896-900. [PMID: 26078399 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715587095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. Research indicates that there is some link between obesity/overweight and ADHD, though the mechanism of this association remains uncertain. It is the aim of the present study to explore the association between ADHD, obesity, and plasma leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and adiponectin levels. METHOD Thirty-six patients diagnosed with ADHD were included in the study. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children and adolescents who had similar age and gender features with the patient group. Plasma leptin, adiponectin, NPY levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI), weight for height, and standard deviation scores (SDS) of height, weight, and BMI were calculated. RESULTS No significant difference was found between patients and healthy children in terms of BMI and BMI percentile. Participants were classified into three groups according to their weight to height values. There was no significant difference between the two groups, but 10% of the control group and 30.6% of the ADHD group were classified as overweight, which was 3 times higher than the control group. The adiponectin plasma level was significantly lower and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was significantly higher in the ADHD group. There was no significant difference between serum NPY levels. In the ADHD group, the mean leptin plasma level was high, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION We think that a low adiponectin level and high L/A ratio may be the underlying mechanism of the obesity in ADHD patients.
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Karbasi Amel A, Karbasi Amel S, Erfan A. Effectiveness of Parents-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Obesity and Self-Esteem of Overweight Children with Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:73. [PMID: 29862222 PMCID: PMC5952537 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_170_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problems that cause hyperactivity, attention deficits, academic failure, and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool and elementary school that is often hidden from the parents' eyes. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on ADHD symptoms (including attention deficit disorder, restlessness, and impulsivity), overweight and self-esteem of 6–11-year-old obese children with attention deficit hyperactivity in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 40 children aged 6–11 years with ADHD and overweight or obesity (above the 85th percentile in weight for age, height, and sex diagram) that their parents referred to Isfahan child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital in 2015. For twenty patients, only ADHD treatment was applied, and they received no other intervention, but the others in experimental group participated in CBT sessions. Analysis tools were Coppersmith Self-Esteem Scale, ADHD conners' test, and the body mass index (BMI). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. Results: CBT by teaching parents had a significant effect on ADHD symptoms, the self-esteem of overweight and obese children with ADHD in posttest and follow-up. The results also showed that had a significant effect on ADHD symptoms, overweight and self-esteem of the obese children with ADHD (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Parents focused CBT can be considered as a complementary treatment for reducing ADHD symptoms and BMI and increased self-esteem in the obese ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Karbasi Amel
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi Amel
- Department of Education and Psychology, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arefeh Erfan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Fox CK, Kaizer AM, Ryder JR, Rudser KD, Kelly AS, Kumar S, Gross AC. Cardiometabolic risk factors in treatment-seeking youth versus population youth with obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:207-215. [PMID: 29951211 PMCID: PMC6009991 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity affects approximately one in five youths, only a fraction is treated in pediatric weight management clinics. Characteristics distinguishing youth with obesity who seek weight management treatment from those who do not are largely unknown. Yet identification of specific health characteristics which differentiate treatment-seeking from non-treatment seeking youth with obesity may shed light on underlying motivations for pursuing treatment. OBJECTIVES Compare the cardiometabolic profiles of an obesity treatment-seeking sample of youth to a population-based sample of youth with obesity, while controlling for body mass index (BMI). METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants, ages 12-17 years, with obesity from the Pediatric Obesity and Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, representing the treatment-seeking and population samples, respectively. Mean differences were calculated for systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and alanine aminotransferase, while adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and multiple of the 95th BMI percentile. RESULTS The POWER and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohorts included 1,823 and 617 participants, respectively. The POWER cohort had higher systolic blood pressure percentile (mean difference 17.4, 95% confidence interval [14.6, 20.1], p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure percentile (21.8 [19, 24.5], p < 0.001), triglycerides (42.3 [28, 56.5], p < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (7.5 [5.1, 9.8], p < 0.001) and lower fasting glucose (-6.9 [-8.2, -5.6], p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-2.3 [-3.8, -0.9], p < 0.002). There were no differences in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or clinical differences in glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION For a given BMI, obesity treatment-seeking youth are more adversely affected by cardiometabolic risk factors than the general population of youth with obesity. This suggests that treatment-seeking youth may represent a distinct group that is at particularly high risk for the development of future cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Fox
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
| | - A. M. Kaizer
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
| | - J. R. Ryder
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
| | - K. D. Rudser
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
| | - A. S. Kelly
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
| | | | - A. C. Gross
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA
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