1
|
Maddineni G, Obulareddy SJ, Paladiya RD, Korsapati RR, Jain S, Jeanty H, Vikash F, Tummala NC, Shetty S, Ghazalgoo A, Mahapatro A, Polana V, Patel D. The role of gut microbiota augmentation in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an in-depth umbrella review of meta-analyses with grade assessment. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4714-4731. [PMID: 39118769 PMCID: PMC11305784 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Currently, there are no authorized medications specifically for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. Studies indicate that changes in gut microbiota can disturb intestinal balance and impair the immune system and metabolism, thereby elevating the risk of developing and exacerbating NAFLD. Despite some debate, the potential benefits of microbial therapies in managing NAFLD have been shown. Methods A systematic search was undertaken to identify meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that explored the effects of microbial therapy on the NAFLD population. The goal was to synthesize the existing evidence-based knowledge in this field. Results The results revealed that probiotics played a significant role in various aspects, including a reduction in liver stiffness (MD: -0.38, 95% CI: [-0.49, -0.26]), hepatic steatosis (OR: 4.87, 95% CI: [1.85, 12.79]), decrease in body mass index (MD: -1.46, 95% CI: [-2.43, -0.48]), diminished waist circumference (MD: -1.81, 95% CI: [-3.18, -0.43]), lowered alanine aminotransferase levels (MD: -13.40, 95% CI: [-17.02, -9.77]), decreased aspartate aminotransferase levels (MD: -13.54, 95% CI: [-17.85, -9.22]), lowered total cholesterol levels (MD: -15.38, 95% CI: [-26.49, -4.26]), decreased fasting plasma glucose levels (MD: -4.98, 95% CI: [-9.94, -0.01]), reduced fasting insulin (MD: -1.32, 95% CI: [-2.42, -0.21]), and a decline in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (MD: -0.42, 95% CI: [-0.72, -0.11]) (P<0.05). Conclusion Overall, the results demonstrated that gut microbiota interventions could ameliorate a wide range of indicators including glycemic profile, dyslipidemia, anthropometric indices, and liver injury, allowing them to be considered a promising treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shika Jain
- MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Fnu Vikash
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
| | - Nayanika C. Tummala
- Gitam Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
| | | | - Arezoo Ghazalgoo
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | - Dhruvan Patel
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Chang S, Xu Y, Guo H, Liu J. Dietary Beetroot Juice - Effects in Patients with COPD: A Review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1755-1765. [PMID: 39099609 PMCID: PMC11296515 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s473397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exerts a severe toll on human health and the economy, with high prevalence and mortality rates. The search for bioactive components effective in the treatment of COPD has become a focal point of research. Beetroot juice, readily accessible and cost-effective, is noted for its ability to enhance athletic performance and for its preventive and therapeutic impact on hypertension. Beetroot juice is a rich source of dietary nitrates and modulates physiological processes via the nitrate-nitrite- nitric oxide pathway, exerting multiple beneficial effects such as antihypertensive, bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering actions. This paper provides a review of the existing research on the effects of beetroot juice on COPD, summarizing its potential in enhancing exercise capacity, lowering blood pressure, improving vascular function, and ameliorating sleep quality among patients with COPD. The review serves as a reference for the prospective use of beetroot juice in the symptomatic improvement of COPD, as well as in the prevention of exacerbations and associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Center Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saputra F, Hu SY, Kishida M. Exposure to nitrate and nitrite disrupts cardiovascular development through estrogen receptor in zebrafish embryos and larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01381-y. [PMID: 39026114 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Increasing nitrate concentration on surface and groundwater due to anthropogenic activities is an environmental concern. In this study, Tg(fli1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos were exposed to nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), and their cardiovascular development were investigated. Exposure to 10 mg/L NO3-N and 1 and 10 mg/L NO2-N decreased heart rate at 48-96-h post-fertilization (hpf), ventricular volume, and red blood cell flow rate at 96 hpf. Similar concentrations increased the number of embryos and larvae with pericardial edema and missing intersegmental and parachordal vessels in the caudal region at 48-96 hpf. Addition of ICI 182,720 (ICI) reversed the effects of nitrate and nitrite, suggesting estrogen receptors (ER) are involved. 10 mg/L NO3-N and 1 mg/L NO2-N decreased cardiovascular-related genes, gata4,5,6, hand2, nkx2.5, nkx2.7, tbx2a, tbx2b, and fgf1a. Gene expressions of ovarian aromatase and brain aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b, respectively) decreased in the exposed groups, whereas ERs (esr1, esr2a, and esr2b) and nitric oxide synthase 2a (nos2a) increased. The effects on gene expression were also reversed by addition of ICI. Taken together, nitrate and nitrite disrupt cardiovascular system through ER in developing zebrafish, implying that environmental nitrate and nitrite contamination may be harmful to aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Febriyansyah Saputra
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Mitsuyo Kishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin C, Du R, Guo F. Implication of self-organizing map, stable isotopes combined with MixSIAR model for accurate nitrogen control in a well-protected reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118335. [PMID: 38295982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and eutrophication in reservoirs is a global environmental geochemical concern. Occasional algal blooms still exist in reservoirs that have undergone pollution treatment. The lack of quantitative evidence of nitrogen sources and fate limits long-term stable ecological safety management. This work applied an approach integrated zonal mapping, stable isotopes (δ18OH2O, δ15Nnitrate, δ18Onitrate, and δ13C-DIC) and a Bayesian isotope model to analyze regional and seasonal differences in the contribution and sources of nitrogen to a well-protected reservoir. The values of δ18Onitrate and the positive relationship between NO3- and δ13C-DIC suggested that nitrification was the primary NO3- production in the rivers. While Denitrification was present at only a few sites. Results of the MixSIAR model coupled the NO3-/Cl- indicator revealed that the domestic sewage contributed high riverine NO3- loading (68.6 ± 10.6 %) in the dry season. In the wet season, the main nitrate sources of upper watershed were ammonia and carbamide fertilizers (47.5 % and 40.3 %). While the domestic sewage was still the major contributor of downstream region (a dense residential area), indicating possible problems with rainwater and sewage drainage networks. The results implied that the colleting and treatment of sewages were the priority in downstream region, and non-point source pollution control and wastewater treatment plant upgrading were essential to control nitrate pollution in the two upstream regions. These findings provide new insights into precise nitrogen pollution traceability and identification of treatment priorities in the sub-region, and promote the management other well-protected watershed in similar need of further nitrogen contamination control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ronghua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai X, Liu L, Chen F. Oral nitrate-reducing bacteria as potential probiotics for blood pressure homeostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1337281. [PMID: 38638884 PMCID: PMC11024454 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1337281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and poses a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Research has shown that nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that regulates vascular tension and the decrease of NO bioactivity is considered one of the potential pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The L-arginine-nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway is the main source of endogenous NO production. However, with aging or the onset of diseases, the function of the NOS system becomes impaired, leading to insufficient NO production. The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway allows for the generation of biologically active NO independent of the NOS system, by utilizing endogenous or dietary inorganic nitrate and nitrite through a series of reduction cycles. The oral cavity serves as an important interface between the body and the environment, and dysbiosis or disruption of the oral microbiota has negative effects on blood pressure regulation. In this review, we explore the role of oral microbiota in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis, particularly the connection between nitrate-reducing bacteria and the bioavailability of NO in the bloodstream and blood pressure changes. This review aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which oral nitrate-reducing bacteria contribute to blood pressure homeostasis and to highlight the use of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria as probiotics for oral microbiota intervention to prevent hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Chai
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Apte M, Nadavade N, Sheikh SS. A review on nitrates' health benefits and disease prevention. Nitric Oxide 2024; 142:1-15. [PMID: 37981005 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nitrates (NO3-) are naturally occurring compounds in various vegetables, especially beetroot, which is mainly supplemented in the form of BRJ. Dietary nitrates (NO3-) play a crucial function in human physiology. On consumption, nitrates (NO3-) undergo a conversion process, producing nitric oxide (NO) via a complex metabolic pathway. Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with many physiological processes, entailing immune modulation, neurotransmission, and vasodilation, enabling blood vessel dilation and relaxation, which boosts blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, positively influencing cardiovascular health, exercise performance, and cognitive function. There are various analytical processes to determine the level of nitrate (NO3-) present in dietary sources. The impact of dietary nitrates (NO3-) can differ among individuals. Thus, the review revisits the dietary source of nitrates (NO3-), its metabolism, absorption, excretion, analytical techniques to assess nitrates (NO3-) content in various dietary sources, and discusses health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Apte
- Department: Quality Assurance, Pharmacognosy, and Phytochemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| | - Nishigandha Nadavade
- Department: Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sohail Shakeel Sheikh
- Department: Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang H, Chen Z, Hu X, Wei N, Li J, Wei Y, Chen Q. A Study on Vascular Regulators as Early Biomarkers of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:1070-1076. [PMID: 37696808 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purposes of this study are to study the changes in expression of vascular regulators after vibration exposure and during the onset of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and to screen for vascular regulatory factors that could be used as early biomarkers of HAVS. METHODS Using judgmental sampling from a Chinese factory, workers with VWF and hand-transmitted vibration exposure but without VWF were selected for research. Blood samples were taken from all subjects, and the levels of nine of the vascular regulators were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on nine vascular regulators to assess their diagnostic sensitivity for VWF with the following area under the curve results: PGI 2 = 0.861, ANP = 0.840. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PGI 2 and ANP exhibited the most potential for the early diagnosis of HAVS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- From the School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alharbi M, Stephan BC, Shannon OM, Siervo M. Does dietary nitrate boost the effects of caloric restriction on brain health? Potential physiological mechanisms and implications for future research. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:45. [PMID: 37880786 PMCID: PMC10599060 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent and costly disease characterised by deterioration of cognitive and physical capacity due to changes in brain function and structure. Given the absence of effective treatment options for dementia, dietary and other lifestyle approaches have been advocated as potential strategies to reduce the burden of this condition. Maintaining an optimal nutritional status is vital for the preservation of brain function and structure. Several studies have recognised the significant role of nutritional factors to protect and enhance metabolic, cerebrovascular, and neurocognitive functions. Caloric restriction (CR) positively impacts on brain function via a modulation of mitochondrial efficiency, endothelial function, neuro-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy responses. Dietary nitrate, which serves as a substrate for the ubiquitous gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), has been identified as a promising nutritional intervention that could have an important role in improving vascular and metabolic brain regulation by affecting oxidative metabolism, ROS production, and endothelial and neuronal integrity. Only one study has recently tested the combined effects of both interventions and showed preliminary, positive outcomes cognitive function. This paper explores the potential synergistic effects of a nutritional strategy based on the co-administration of CR and a high-nitrate diet as a potential and more effective (than either intervention alone) strategy to protect brain health and reduce dementia risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mushari Alharbi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahapatro A, Bawna F, Kumar V, Daryagasht AA, Gupta S, Raghuma N, Moghdam SS, Kolla A, Mahapatra SS, Sattari N, Amini-Salehi E, Nayak SS. Anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics and synbiotics on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella study on meta-analyses. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:475-486. [PMID: 37739694 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The impact of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been studied widely. Previous studies showed gut pathogens' effects on inflammation development in NAFLD patients; hence, hypothetically, gut microbial therapy by administration of probiotics, synbiotics, and prebiotics may alleviate inflammation in these individuals. Several studies were performed in this regard; however, conflicting results were obtained. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of gut microbial therapy on inflammatory markers in NAFLD patients in a meta-umbrella design. METHODS Two independent researchers investigated international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, from inception until March 2023. Meta-analyses evaluating the impact of probiotics, synbiotics, or prebiotics on inflammatory markers of patients with NAFLD were eligible for our study. AMASTAR 2 checklist was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Random effect model was performed for the analysis, and Egger's regression test was conducted to determine publication bias. RESULTS A total number of 12 studies were entered into our analysis. Our findings revealed that gut microbial therapy could significantly reduce serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels among NAFLD patients (ES: -0.58; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.44, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, this reduction was observed with both probiotics (ES: -0.63; 95% CI: -0.81, -0.45, P < 0.001) and synbiotics (ES: -0.49; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.24, P < 0.001). In addition, gut microbial therapy could significantly decrease tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) levels in NAFLD patients (ES: -0.48; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.30, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, this decrease was observed with probiotics (ES: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.11, P = 0.002) and synbiotics (ES: -0.96; 95% CI: -1.32, -0.60, P < 0.001). Not enough information was available for assessing prebiotics' impacts. CONCLUSION The results of this umbrella review suggest that probiotics and synbiotics have promising effects on inflammatory markers, including TNF-a and CRP; however, more research is needed regarding the effects of prebiotics. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CODE CRD42022346998.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fnu Bawna
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Siddharth Gupta
- Baptist Memorial Hospital, North Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nakka Raghuma
- GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Akshita Kolla
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nazila Sattari
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Sandeep S Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen H, Ma Y, Li M, Li Q, Zhang M, Wang Z, Liu H, Wang J, Tong X, Zeng Y. Tongue-coating microbiome reflects cardiovascular health and determines outcome in blood pressure intervention. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:803-806. [PMID: 36682540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixiong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to National Rehabilitation Aids Research Center, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yixin Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bulsiewicz WJ. The Importance of Dietary Fiber for Metabolic Health. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:639-648. [PMID: 37711348 PMCID: PMC10498976 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231167778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber are non-digestible carbohydrates that are diverse, have varied functions, and are acquired by consuming plant-based foods. Some forms of fiber are digested by the gut microbiota and produce bioactive metabolites called short chain fatty acids-butyrate, acetate, and propionate. Dietary fiber is able to alter human physiology through multiple mechanisms that can result in health benefits. Unfortunately, nearly 19 out of 20 Americans do not consume the minimum recommended amount of fiber each day. This bears profound relevance to public health because at least six of the ten leading causes of death are potentially preventable or clinically improved through dietary means. Additionally, these same conditions share a common underlying pathophysiology-metabolic dysfunction. This can manifest as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or collectively as metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will assess the evidence that consumption of dietary fiber undermines these forms of metabolic dysfunction, examine the mechanism of action for these physiologic effects, and consider the potential for dietary fiber to improve human health on a public health level by simply encouraging our patients to consume more plant-based foods in abundance and diversity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Soroczyńska J, Socha K, Zujko ME. Are Chokeberry Products Safe for Health? Evaluation of the Content of Contaminants and Health Risk. Foods 2023; 12:3271. [PMID: 37685204 PMCID: PMC10487231 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of chokeberry fruit have been confirmed in numerous scientific studies. It has been shown that the consumption of these fruits, due to the high content of bioactive compounds, has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to having hypolipemic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, different conditions and methods of fruit cultivation, as well as methods of juice and fiber production, may result in a high content of toxic substances, which reduce the health value of chokeberry products. Many substances are environmental pollutants. In this study, for the first time, we examined the content of toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb), nitrates, and nitrites in all chokeberry juices (organic, conventional, from concentrate, and not from fruit concentrate) without additives and in all chokeberry fibers available in Poland. In addition, risk indicators of adverse health effects were calculated. The median content of the contaminants tested in juices was 0.461 µg/kg for As, 1.170 µg/kg for Cd, 0.427 µg/kg for Hg, 1.404 µg/kg for Pb, 4.892 mg/kg for NO2-, and 41.788 mg/kg for NO3-. These values did not exceed the permissible standards for the calculated indicators. There were also no statistically significant differences in the content of Cd, Hg, and Pb, as well as nitrates (III) and nitrates (V), in the tested juices depending on the method of cultivation and juice production. However, statistically significant differences in As content were found between juices from conventional and organic cultivation (1.032 µg/kg vs. 0.458 µg/kg) and juices from concentrate and not from concentrate (1.164 µg/kg vs. 0.460 µg/kg). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to impurities in fibers. It is shown that the consumption of chokeberry juice and fiber in the amount normally consumed does not pose a health risk associated with the intake of toxic substances; in the case of long-term fiber consumption, the Pb content should be monitored. In particular, organic juices and those not from fruit concentrate are recommended due to the lower As content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Jolanta Soroczyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeigler MB, Fay EE, Moreni SL, Mao J, Totah RA, Hebert MF. Plasma hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and thiocyanate levels are lower during pregnancy compared to postpartum in a cohort of women from the Pacific northwest of the United States. Life Sci 2023; 322:121625. [PMID: 37001802 PMCID: PMC10133030 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pregnancy alters multiple physiological processes including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation, and cellular redox, which are partially modulated by the gasotransmitters hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we sought to determine how plasma levels of H2S, NO, and the H2S-related metabolites thiocyanate (SCN-), and methanethiol (CH3SH) change during pregnancy progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma was collected from 45 women at three points: 25-28 weeks gestation, 28-32 week gestation, and at ≥3 months postpartum. Plasma levels of H2S, SCN-, and CH3SH were measured following derivatization using monobromobimane followed by LC-MS/MS. Plasma NO was measured indirectly using the Griess reagent. KEY FINDINGS NO and SCN- were significantly lower in women at 25-28 weeks gestation and 28-32 weeks gestation than postpartum while plasma H2S levels were significantly lower at 28-32 weeks gestation than postpartum. No significant differences were observed in CH3SH. SIGNIFICANCE Previous reports demonstrated that the production of H2S and NO are stimulated during pregnancy, but we observed lower levels during pregnancy compared to postpartum. Previous reports on NO have been mixed, but given the related effects of H2S and NO, it is expected that their levels would be higher during pregnancy vs. postpartum. Future studies determining the mechanism for decreased H2S and NO during pregnancy will elucidate the role of these gasotransmitters during normal and pathological progression of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B Zeigler
- University of Washington, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Emily E Fay
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sue L Moreni
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennie Mao
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- University of Washington, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Hebert
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bondonno CP, Zhong L, Bondonno NP, Sim M, Blekkenhorst LC, Liu A, Rajendra A, Pokharel P, Erichsen DW, Neubauer O, Croft KD, Hodgson JM. Nitrate: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of human health? Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
15
|
Luetic S, Knezovic Z, Jurcic K, Majic Z, Tripkovic K, Sutlovic D. Leafy Vegetable Nitrite and Nitrate Content: Potential Health Effects. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081655. [PMID: 37107450 PMCID: PMC10137473 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of nitrates and nitrites in different types of vegetables that are commonly represented in the diet of the inhabitants of Split and Dalmatian County. Therefore, using the method of random selection, there were 96 samples of different vegetables. The determination of the nitrate and nitrite concentrations was carried out by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD). The nitrate concentrations in the range 2.1-4526.3 mg kg-1 were found in 92.7% of the analyzed samples. The highest nitrate values were found in rucola (Eruca sativa L.) followed by Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.). In 36.5% of the leafy vegetables intended for consumption without prior heat treatment, nitrite was found in the range of 3.3-537.9 mg kg-1. The high levels of nitrite in the vegetables intended for fresh consumption and the high nitrate values in Swiss chard indicate the need to establish maximum nitrite limits in vegetables, as well as the broadening of legal nitrate limits to wide varieties of vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Luetic
- Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zlatka Knezovic
- Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Jurcic
- Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Majic
- Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Tripkovic
- Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Davorka Sutlovic
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Caloric Restriction (CR) Plus High-Nitrate Beetroot Juice Does Not Amplify CR-Induced Metabolic Adaptation and Improves Vascular and Cognitive Functions in Overweight Adults: A 14-Day Pilot Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040890. [PMID: 36839248 PMCID: PMC9962072 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and dietary nitrate supplementation are nutritional interventions with pleiotropic physiological functions. This pilot study investigates the combined effects of CR and nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) on metabolic, vascular, and cognitive functions in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults. This was a two-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial including 29 participants allocated to CR + BRJ (n = 15) or CR alone (n = 14) for 14 days. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and hand-grip strength were measured. Resting blood pressure (BP) and microvascular endothelial function were measured, and Trail-Making Test A and B were used to assess cognitive function. Salivary nitrate and nitrite, and urinary nitrate and 8-isoprostane concentrations were measured. Changes in body composition, REE, and systolic and diastolic BP were similar between the two interventions (p > 0.05). The CR + BRJ intervention produced greater changes in average microvascular flux (p = 0.03), NO-dependent endothelial activity (p = 0.02), and TMT-B cognitive scores (p = 0.012) compared to CR alone. Changes in urinary 8-isoprostane were greater in the CR + BRJ group (p = 0.02), and they were inversely associated with changes in average microvascular flux (r = -0.53, p = 0.003). These preliminary findings suggest that greater effects on vascular and cognitive functions could be achieved by combining CR with dietary nitrate supplementation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Broadhead GK, Agrón E, Peprah D, Keenan TDL, Lawler TP, Mares J, Chew EY. Association of Dietary Nitrate and a Mediterranean Diet With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Among US Adults: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:130-139. [PMID: 36547942 PMCID: PMC9936348 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance Low dietary nitrate intake has previously been suggested to be a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression; however, this finding has not been replicated in other cohorts or adjusted for dietary patterns. Objective To determine whether there is an association between dietary nitrate intake and AMD progression. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed data from the prospective Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2 randomized clinical trial cohorts and their extended follow-up studies, which were conducted in multicenter outpatient retinal practices. Participants in both trials had non-late AMD in at least 1 eye. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022. Exposure Dietary nitrate intake. Main Outcomes and Measures Association between dietary nitrate intake and development of late AMD (neovascular AMD [nAMD] or geographic atrophy [GA]) or large drusen. The interactions of dietary patterns, with common at-risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms, were also assessed. Results In the combined AREDS/AREDS2 cohort of 7788 participants (4288 AREDS participants and 3610 AREDS2 participants [110 of whom participated in both studies]), there were 13 511 eligible eyes. The combined cohort comprised 4396 women (56%) and 3392 men (44%), and the combined mean (SD) age was 71.1 (6.6) years. Dietary nitrate intake was associated with a decreased risk of progression to late AMD in the combined AREDS/AREDS2 cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.69-0.86] for quartile 4 vs quartile 1 of intake) and a decreased risk of GA (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.61-0.83]) and nAMD (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.73-0.99]). In AREDS, increased nitrate intake (quartile 4 vs quartile 1) was associated with a decreased risk of late AMD (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65-0.91]) and GA (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65-0.97]) but not nAMD; in AREDS2, there was no association between nitrate intake (quartile 4 vs quartile 1) and late AMD (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.80-1.02]) or nAMD (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.78-1.11]). There was a correlation between Mediterranean dietary patterns and dietary nitrate intake (r = 0.52, P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that dietary nitrate intake was associated with lower AMD risk. However, this association disappeared after adjusting for Mediterranean dietary patterns. These results are subject to potential bias and are hypothesis-generating in nature; therefore, they are insufficient to support new clinical recommendations. Previously described associations between dietary nitrate intake and AMD may in fact represent overall dietary patterns. Further research is needed before dietary nitrate intake can be recommended as a therapy for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K. Broadhead
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elvira Agrón
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Peprah
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiarnan D. L. Keenan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas P. Lawler
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Julie Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu D, Zhu X, Xie X, Huang C, Fang X, Yin T. Concurrent dietary intake to nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate is negatively associated with hypertension in adults in the USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17573-17584. [PMID: 36197620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association of urinary nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate metabolites with hypertension among a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. This cross-sectional study investigated data from 15,717 adults aged more than 20 years obtained from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2005-2016. In the survey, urinary levels of nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate were measured using ion chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Blood pressure was calculated as the mean of three measurements. Hypertension was defined as (a) systolic BP ≥130 and/or diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg and/or (b) self-report. Multivariate logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were applied to estimate the association between exposure to multiple inorganic anions and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were fitted to discern the potential relationship between the anion exposure and hypertension. These innovation methods used to support our results. Overall, 7533 (49.95%) people with and 7638 (50.35%) without hypertension were included in this study. In the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, urinary nitrate (P < 0.001) and perchlorate (P < 0.001) were independently negatively associated with increased occurrence of hypertension, while urinary thiocyanate was insignificantly associated with hypertension (P = 0.664). The WQS regression index showed that, in combination, the three inorganic anions mixture were negatively correlated with hypertension (adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.83-0.95, P < 0.001). Urinary nitrate was the most heavily weighted component in the hypertension model (weight = 0.784). RCS regression demonstrated that nitrate (nonlinearity P = 0.205) and perchlorate (nonlinearity P = 0.701) were linearly associated with decreased occurrence of hypertension. Concurrent exposure to nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate is associated with a decreased risk of hypertension, with the greatest influence coming from nitrate probably; urinary specific thiocyanate alone had an insignificant association with hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xupin Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Changpin Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Premarathna AD, Tuvikene R, Somasiri M, De Silva M, Adhikari R, Ranahewa TH, Wijesundara R, Wijesekera SK, Dissanayake I, Wangchuk P, Rjabovs V, Jayasooriya AP, Rajapakse R. A novel therapeutic effect of mannitol-rich extract from the brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium using in vitro and in vivo models. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:26. [PMID: 36721189 PMCID: PMC9887804 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing is an active, complex, integrated series of cellular, physiological, and biochemical changes initiated by the stimulus of injury in a tissue. The present study was performed to investigate the potential wound healing abilities of Sargassum ilicifolium crude extracts (CE) that were characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR Spectrometric measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seaweed samples were collected from southern coastal sites of Sri Lanka. To determine the cytotoxicity and proliferation of S. ilicifolium CE were used for the MTT and alamarBlue assays respectively. The scratch and exclusion wound models were used to HaCaT and HDF cells to assess the cell proliferation and migration. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) were used to evaluate Nitric Oxide (NO) production and phagocytosis activities. Moreover, Fifteen, 8-week-old, female, New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided into five groups: excision skin wounds (10.40 ± 0.60 mm) were induced in groups I, II, and III. Rabbits in groups I and IV were given S. ilicifolium CE (orally, 100 mg/kg day, two weeks), whereas groups II and V were given equal amounts of distilled water. Wound healing properties were measured and wound tissue samples were collated, formalin-fixed, wax-embedded, stained (Hematoxylin and Eosin; Van Gieson) and examined for the healing process. RESULTS Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities were observed in RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cells treated with S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts when compared to the control groups. S. ilicifolium extracts concentration 8 - 4 μg/μL, (P<0.05) had remarkable the highest proliferative and migratory effects on RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cells when compared with the control. RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and/or migration were higher in S. ilicifolium extracts (4 μg/μL, 232.8 ± 10.07%) compared with the control (100 %). Scratch wound healing were remarkably enhanced in 24 h, 48 h (P<0.05) when treated with S. ilicifolium on HaCaT cells. Rabbits treated with the CE of S. ilicifolium showed a significantly increased wound healing activities (P<0.05) within three days with a close wound area of 57.21 ± 0.77 % compared with control group (26.63 ± 1.09 %). Histopathology, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels evidenced no toxic effects on seaweed treated groups. Histopathological results also revealed that the healing process was significantly faster in the rabbit groups which were as treated with CE of S. ilicifolium orally with the evidence of enhanced early granulation tissue (connective tissue and angiogenesis) and significant epithelization compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS Cell proliferation and migration are significantly faster when treated with S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts. Moreover, there are no toxic effect of S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts on RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cell lines. In this study, it is revealed that S. ilicifolium has potential remedial agent; D-Mannitol for skin wound healing properties that by promote keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration. These findings show that S. ilicifolium have promising wound healing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal D Premarathna
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Rando Tuvikene
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Mnr Somasiri
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mlwp De Silva
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjith Adhikari
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration. Faculty of Medicine, National Serpentarium, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T H Ranahewa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rrmkk Wijesundara
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - S K Wijesekera
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Open University, Kandy Regional Center, Polgolla, Sri Lanka
| | - Ipghu Dissanayake
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Vitalijs Rjabovs
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anura P Jayasooriya
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rpvj Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang X, Hu J, Wang Z, Huang T, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Peng J, Tomas-Barberan FA, Yang Q. Pre-harvest Nitrogen Limitation and Continuous Lighting Improve the Quality and Flavor of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) under Hydroponic Conditions in Greenhouse. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:710-720. [PMID: 36574360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Short-term nitrogen limitation and continuous lighting (red/blue = 3:1) were applied individually and in combination to butterhead and red oak leaf lettuce for 1, 2, or 3 days before harvest to assess their effects on improving the nutritional value and sweet taste and reducing nitrate content and bitterness of lettuce. The results suggested that a 3-day nitrogen limitation combined with continuous lighting reduced the lettuce content of nitrate and sesquiterpene lactones and improved the quantities of soluble sugar, soluble protein, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds without reducing the fresh weight of lettuce. In addition, in vitro simulated digestion results suggested that the 3-day nitrogen limitation combined with continuous lighting significantly improved the sweetness and reduced the bitterness of lettuce compared to the control. In conclusion, nitrogen limitation combined with continuous lighting for 3 days before harvest effectively enhanced the quality and taste of lettuce, showing great potential for its use in hydroponic lettuce production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Francisco A Tomas-Barberan
- Centre for Applied Biology and Soil Science of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rajendra A, Bondonno NP, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP. Potential role of dietary nitrate in relation to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health, cognition, cognitive decline and dementia: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:12572-12589. [PMID: 36377891 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no effective treatment for dementia, of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form. It is, therefore, imperative to focus on evidence-based preventive strategies to combat this extremely debilitating chronic disease. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule in the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and central nervous systems. Vegetables rich in nitrate, such as spinach and beetroot, are an important source of NO, with beneficial effects on validated markers of cardiovascular health and an association with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Given the link between cardiovascular disease risk factors and dementia, together with the important role of NO in vascular health and cognition, it is important to determine whether dietary nitrate could also improve cognitive function, markers of brain health, and lower risk of dementia. This review presents an overview of NO's role in the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and central nervous systems; an overview of the available evidence that nitrate, through effects on NO, improves cardiovascular health; and evaluates the current evidence regarding dietary nitrate's potential role in cerebrovascular health, cognitive function, and brain health assessed via biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rajendra
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wild Watermelon-Extracted Juice Ingestion Reduces Peripheral Arterial Stiffness with an Increase in Nitric Oxide Production: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245199. [PMID: 36558358 PMCID: PMC9780996 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild watermelon contains various nutrients, but the effect of its acute ingestion on arterial stiffness is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice decreased arterial stiffness concomitant with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Twelve healthy young female participants were tested under two conditions in a randomized, double-blind crossover study: (1) a beverage containing 90 g of wild watermelon extract and (2) a control beverage: a placebo. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, blood flow, and plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels were measured in the supine position at 30, 60, and 90 min after the intake of each beverage. The changes in femoral-ankle PWV were significantly reduced after wild watermelon-extracted juice intake compared to those in the placebo group. Additionally, the changes in blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and plasma NOx levels after intake of wild watermelon-extracted juice were significantly increased compared to those in the placebo group. These data show that acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice reduces peripheral (lower limb) arterial stiffness and increases NO bioavailability. To confirm these associations, more detailed investigations of the nutrients that influence these effects should be conducted.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Luo B, Cui J, Huang L, Chen K, Liu Y. The oral microbiota and cardiometabolic health: A comprehensive review and emerging insights. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010368. [PMID: 36466857 PMCID: PMC9716288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence demonstrating that oral dysbiosis causes periodontal disease and promotes the development of cardiovascular disease. The advancement of omics techniques has driven the optimization of oral microbiota species analysis and has provided a deeper understanding of oral pathogenic bacteria. A bi-directional relationship exists between the oral microbiota and the host, and oral-gut microbiota transfer is known to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and may cause local metabolic disorders. Furthermore, cardiovascular health can also be highly affected by oral microbiota functions and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and some lipid metabolites. Studies have found that trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) may have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, whereas SCFAs, NO, and H2S have cardioprotective effects. SCFAs and H2S exert varying oral and cardiovascular effects, however reports on this specific topic remain controversial. Previous evidences are accustomed to summarizing the functions of oral microbiota in the context of periodontitis. The direct relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular diseases is insufficient. By systematically summarizing the methods associated with oral microbiota transplantation (OMT), this review facilitates an investigation into the causal links between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease. The concomitant development of omics, bioinformatics, bacterial culture techniques, and microbiota transplantation techniques is required to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramírez-Garza SL, Laveriano-Santos EP, Arancibia-Riveros C, Carrasco-Jimenez JC, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Santos-Beneit G, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Martínez-Gómez J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2140. [PMID: 36358511 PMCID: PMC9686949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents. NO, total polyphenol excretion (TPE), anthropometric measurements, BP, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, diet, physical activity, and smoking status were recorded, while CVH score was classified as ideal, intermediate, and poor. Negative associations were observed between NO and body mass index, body fat percentage, BP, and triglycerides; and positive associations between NO and skeletal muscle percentage, HDL-cholesterol, fruit and vegetable intake, and TPE was observed. To capture more complex interactions among different factors, multiple linear regression was performed, obtaining a significant association between NO and fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.175), TPE (β = 0.225), and systolic BP (β = -0.235). We conclude that urinary NO levels are positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols and negatively associated with systolic BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Arancibia-Riveros
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arefirad T, Seif E, Sepidarkish M, Mohammadian Khonsari N, Mousavifar SA, Yazdani S, Rahimi F, Einollahi F, Heshmati J, Qorbani M. Effect of exercise training on nitric oxide and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) production: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:953912. [PMID: 36267589 PMCID: PMC9576949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.953912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise and physical activity can improve circulation through various mechanisms, such as the increment of nitric oxide (NO) production, by affecting vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although, theoretically, this mechanism is well known, studies in living subjects have made controversial findings regarding the association of NO production and its metabolites [nitrate/nitrite (NOx)] with physical activity. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to gather all these studies and evaluate the effects of exercise training, and physical activity duration and length on the mean change of serum/plasma NO and NOx. Method: We searched all available bibliographic electronic databases from inception through to May 2022 to include all randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-experimental trials which assessed the effect of exercise and training on NO and NOx levels. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of included RCT studies which assessed the effect of training. Stratified meta-analysis was performed according to the type of exercise (high-intensity interval training (HIIT), aerobic training (AT), the duration of exercise (≤8 and > 8 weeks), and length of exercise in each session ≥40 and 40 < minutes). Results: Overall, 15 and 10 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. According to the random-effects meta-analysis, exercise significantly increased the mean change of NO and NOx compared to control (SMD: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.14 to 2.49. In the stratified meta-analysis, the mean change of NO and NOx in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group in the AT (SMD: 1.36, 95%CI: 0.55–2.18), HIIT (SMD: 2.55, 95%CI: 1.14–3.96), duration of ≤8 (SMD: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.24–3.35) and > 8 weeks (SMD: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.52–1.86), length of ≥40 (SMD: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.04–2.18), and 40 < minutes in each session (SMD: 2.07, 95%CI: 0.79–3.35). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that, regardless of exercise duration, length, and type (AT or HIIT), exercise can significantly increase serum NO and NOx levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seif
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Azam Mousavifar
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrooz Yazdani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Faezeh Einollahi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- *Correspondence: Javad Heshmati, ; Mostafa Qorbani,
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Javad Heshmati, ; Mostafa Qorbani,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173560. [PMID: 36079817 PMCID: PMC9460748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most trials on the effects of inorganic nitrate intake have focused on only one specific aspect of the endothelial cell response to a stimulus, thereby possibly missing other important effects. The aim of the present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was therefore to investigate in eighteen healthy abdominally obese men (18–60 years, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) acute effects of potassium nitrate on brachial and femoral flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and on carotid artery reactivity (CAR) to a cold pressure test. Participants received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol potassium nitrate (i.e., 625 mg of nitrate) or an iso-molar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Fasted and 4 h post-drink FMD and blood pressure measurements were performed. CAR responses were assessed at 4 h. Circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentration increased following nitrate intake (p = 0.003). Compared with placebo, potassium nitrate did not affect brachial (mean [95% confidence interval]: −0.2% [−2.5, 2.1], p = 0.86) and femoral FMD responses (−0.6% [−3.0; 1.7], p = 0.54). CAR responses were also not different (−0.8% [−2.5, 0.9], p = 0.32). Finally, changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not differ. No adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this trial did not provide evidence for effects of a single dose of inorganic nitrate on 4 h vascular endothelial function in abdominally obese men.
Collapse
|
27
|
Acute inorganic nitrate intake increases regional insulin action in the brain: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over trial with abdominally obese men. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103115. [PMID: 35843050 PMCID: PMC9421446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Improving brain insulin sensitivity may be a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cognitive diseases. Our aim was to investigate acute effects of inorganic nitrate on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to intranasal insulin in abdominally obese men. METHODS Eighteen apparently healthy men, aged 18-60 years and with a waist circumference ≥ 102 cm, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. The study consisted of two test days separated by at least one week. Men received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol (i.e., 625 mg nitrate) potassium nitrate or an isomolar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Brain insulin action was assessed 120-150 min after the drinks by quantifying acute effects of nasal insulin on regional CBF using arterial spin labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at regular intervals, while blood pressure was determined fasted and at 240 min. RESULTS Inorganic nitrate intake increased regional insulin action in five brain clusters. The two largest clusters were located in the right temporal lobe (ΔCBF: 7.0 ± 3.8 mL/100 g/min, volume: 5296 mm3, P < 0.001; and ΔCBF: 6.5 ± 4.3 mL/100 g/min, volume: 3592 mm3, P < 0.001), while two other cortical clusters were part of the right frontal (ΔCBF: 9.0 ± 6.0 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1096 mm3, P = 0.007) and the left parietal lobe (ΔCBF: 6.1 ± 4.3 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1024 mm3, P = 0.012). One subcortical cluster was located in the striatum (ΔCBF: 5.9 ± 3.2 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1792 mm3, P < 0.001). No effects of nitrate were observed on CBF before administration. Following nitrate intake, circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentrations increased over time (P = 0.003), but insulin and glucose concentrations and blood pressure did not change. CONCLUSION Acute inorganic nitrate intake may improve regional brain insulin action in abdominally obese men. These regions are involved in the regulation of different metabolic and cognitive processes. The trial was registered on January 6th, 2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04700241.
Collapse
|
28
|
Casonatto J, Cavalari JV. A Single Dosage of l-Arginine Oral Supplementation Induced Post-Aerobic Exercise Hypotension in Hypertensive Patients. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:735-748. [PMID: 35903950 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Lowering of peripheral vascular resistance is one of the primary processes involved in blood pressure decrease. Nitric oxide plays a significant role in this process and the availability of l-arginine is a crucial element in nitric oxide biosynthesis. Oral l-arginine supplementation may therefore be a potentiating element in post-exercise hypotension, mediated by its vasodilator action. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate if a single dose of l-arginine oral supplementation might impact the post-aerobic exercise blood pressure responses in treated hypertensive individuals. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. The sample included male (4) and female (6) subjects [62 ± 10 years]. The participants were randomized to ingest one sachet containing 8 grams of l-arginine or placebo (corn starch) dissolved in water (100 ml). The substances were self-administered 120 min before the experimental or control session. The exercise was conducted on a treadmill and consisted of: a 5 min warm-up (50-65% HRreserve); 40 min of running/walking at 60-70% HRreserve; and a 5 min progressive cooldown. After the exercise sessions, blood pressure was measured every 10 min for 60 min. The l-arginine supplementation arm led to significant post-exercise systolic hypotension (mean post-exercise) in relation to rest period (117 ± 12 vs 125 ± 15 mmHg - p = 0.004 [l-arginine] and 121 ± 11 vs 125 ± 15 - p = 0.341 [placebo]). In addition, a systolic net effect of -6.9 ± 3.6 mmHg [p = 0.046] was identified for the mean post-exercise values. Therefore, this study showed that a single dosage of l-arginine oral supplementation induced post-aerobic exercise hypotension in hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Casonatto
- Research Group in Physiology and Physical Activity, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Vagner Cavalari
- Research Group in Physiology and Physical Activity, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wyszyńska M, Nitsze-Wierzba M, Czelakowska A, Kasperski J, Żywiec J, Skucha-Nowak M. An Evidence-Based Review of Application Devices for Nitric Oxide Concentration Determination from Exhaled Air in the Diagnosis of Inflammation and Treatment Monitoring. Molecules 2022; 27:4279. [PMID: 35807523 PMCID: PMC9268246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring the pathologies not only in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. It has shown a huge increase in its level in asthma and diseases of the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to undertake research on the impact of inflammation on the level of NO in exhaled air. The aim of the study is to make an evidence-based review of the application of NO levels in exhaled air in the diagnosis of inflammation and treatment monitoring on the basis of selected measuring devices. METHODS AND RESULTS This paper presents an example of the application of NO measurement in exhaled air in individual human systems. Selected measuring devices, their non-invasiveness, and their advantages are described. DISCUSSION The usefulness of this diagnostic method in pathologies of the oral cavity was noted. CONCLUSIONS Measuring the level of NO in exhaled air seems to be a useful diagnostic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Department of Dental Materials, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Nitsze-Wierzba
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Czelakowska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Żywiec
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Department of Dental Propedeutics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dietary Nitrate Intake Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Rotterdam Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122490. [PMID: 35745220 PMCID: PMC9228179 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and in the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, prospective studies investigating the association between dietary nitrate intake, a source of nitric oxide, and incident (i)OAG risk are limited. We aimed to determine the association between dietary nitrate intake and iOAG, and to evaluate the association between dietary nitrate intake and IOP. From 1991 onwards, participants were followed each five years for iOAG in the Rotterdam Study. A total of 173 participants developed iOAG during follow-up. Cases and controls were matched on age (mean ± standard deviation: 65.7 ± 6.9) and sex (%female: 53.2) in a case:control ratio of 1:5. After adjustment for potential confounders, total dietary nitrate intake was associated with a lower iOAG risk (odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91-0.98) for each 10 mg/day higher intake). Both nitrate intake from vegetables (OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91-0.98) for each 10 mg/day higher intake) and nitrate intake from non-vegetable food sources (OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.41-0.96) for each 10 mg/day higher intake) were associated with a lower iOAG risk. Dietary nitrate intake was not associated with IOP. In conclusion, dietary nitrate intake was associated with a reduced risk of iOAG. IOP-independent mechanisms may underlie the association with OAG.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kwok KO, Fries LR, Silva-Zolezzi I, Thakkar SK, Iroz A, Blanchard C. Effects of Probiotic Intervention on Markers of Inflammation and Health Outcomes in Women of Reproductive Age and Their Children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889040. [PMID: 35734372 PMCID: PMC9207510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota has been shown to be modulated during inflammatory conditions. Probiotic administration has been shown to affect the immune system and cytokine expression which can affect inflammation and health outcomes. There seems to be an association between the mother's intestinal microbiota and inflammation biomarkers, both of which may contribute to newborn early life immune and metabolic programming and impact short and long-term health outcomes. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to influence metabolic health, immunity, and gastrointestinal health of the mother, and can also have carry-over benefits to infants such as infant allergy risk reduction. Therefore, this review focuses on the evidence of probiotic administration in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy and its impact on inflammatory markers and on maternal and infant health. We performed a PubMed search for articles published in English in the last 20 years. Immune markers were narrowed to serum and breast milk levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β, IgA, and IL-10. Studies that investigated the beneficial effects of interventions in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and infant allergy management are summarized. These results show a beneficial or neutral effect on selected health outcomes and that it is safe for woman and their infants. The effect of probiotics on modulation of inflammatory markers was probiotic specific. More research is needed to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics on inflammation and how these effects improve health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kah Onn Kwok
- Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Alison Iroz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Blanchard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Carine Blanchard
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang S, Liu X, Yang T, Wang T, Chen L, Qin J. Association of maternal dietary habits and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms with the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: a hospital-based case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:373-381. [PMID: 34230631 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the association of maternal ADIPOQ gene, dietary habits in early pregnancy, and their interactions with the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring. METHODS A case-control study of 464 mothers of CHDs children and 504 mothers of healthy children was included. Maternal dietary habits and genetic polymorphisms of ADIPOQ were the main exposure of interest. Their independent effects and interactions in the development of CHDs were analyzed in our study. RESULTS The excessive consumption of pickled vegetables (aOR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.17-2.12), smoked foods (aOR = 1.84, 95%CI:1.34-2.52), barbecued foods (aOR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.09-2.39), fish and shrimp (aOR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.27-50), and milk products (aOR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51-80) had a significant association with total CHDs risk. The polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene at rs1501299 (T/T vs G/G: aOR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.14-50; G/T vs G/G: aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.46-98) and rs2241766 (G/G vs T/T: aOR = 4.35, 95%CI: 2.23-8.51; T/G vs T/T: aOR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.51-3.28) showed a significant association with total CHDs risk. Likewise, our results found that maternal dietary habits and ADIPOQ genetic variants also were significantly related to the risk of specific CHDs phenotypes. In addition, gene-diet interaction revealed significant associations between the ADIPOQ gene and maternal dietary habits with total CHDs. CONCLUSIONS Maternal dietary habits, ADIPOQ gene, and their interactions show a significant association with the risk of CHDs. However, our study has some limitations, thus our findings need to be taken with caution, which highlights that more studies are required to further corroborate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senmao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tanase DM, Apostol AG, Costea CF, Tarniceriu CC, Tudorancea I, Maranduca MA, Floria M, Serban IL. Oxidative Stress in Arterial Hypertension (HTN): The Nuclear Factor Erythroid Factor 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway, Implications and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:534. [PMID: 35335911 PMCID: PMC8949198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent entities globally, characterized by increased incidence and heterogeneous pathophysiology. Among possible etiologies, oxidative stress (OS) is currently extensively studied, with emerging evidence showing its involvement in endothelial dysfunction and in different cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as HTN, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. While there is a clear physiological equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants essential for many cellular functions, excessive levels of ROS lead to vascular cell impairment with decreased nitric oxide (NO) availability and vasoconstriction, which promotes HTN. On the other hand, transcription factors such as nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediate antioxidant response pathways and maintain cellular reduction-oxidation homeostasis, exerting protective effects. In this review, we describe the relationship between OS and hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction and the involvement and therapeutic potential of Nrf2 in HTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Georgiana Apostol
- Department of Neurology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionut Tudorancea
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
- Cardiology Clinic “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dent MR, DeMartino AW, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Endogenous Hemoprotein-Dependent Signaling Pathways of Nitric Oxide and Nitrite. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15918-15940. [PMID: 34313417 PMCID: PMC9167621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research at the interface of chemistry, physiology, and biomedicine have uncovered pivotal roles of nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule that regulates vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and other pathways relevant to human health and disease. Heme is central to physiological NO signaling, serving as the active site for canonical NO biosynthesis in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and as the highly selective NO binding site in the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor. Outside of the primary NOS-dependent biosynthetic pathway, other hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and myoglobin, generate NO via the reduction of nitrite. This auxiliary hemoprotein reaction unlocks a "second axis" of NO signaling in which nitrite serves as a stable NO reservoir. In this Forum Article, we highlight these NO-dependent physiological pathways and examine complex chemical and biochemical reactions that govern NO and nitrite signaling in vivo. We focus on hemoprotein-dependent reaction pathways that generate and consume NO in the presence of nitrite and consider intermediate nitrogen oxides, including NO2, N2O3, and S-nitrosothiols, that may facilitate nitrite-based signaling in blood vessels and tissues. We also discuss emergent therapeutic strategies that leverage our understanding of these key reaction pathways to target NO signaling and treat a wide range of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Acute Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Exercise Tolerance, Muscle Oxygenation, and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:385-396. [PMID: 34284348 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have used supplements to increase dietary nitrate intake in clinical populations. Little is known about whether effects can also be induced through vegetable consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary nitrate, through nitrate-rich vegetables (NRV) and beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation, on plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations, exercise tolerance, muscle oxygenation, and cardiovascular function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. In a randomized crossover design, 18 patients with peripheral arterial disease (age: 73 ± 8 years) followed a nitrate intake protocol (∼6.5 mmol) through the consumption of NRV, BRJ, and nitrate-depleted BRJ (placebo). Blood samples were taken, blood pressure and arterial stiffness were measured in fasted state and 150 min after intervention. Each intervention was followed by a maximal walking exercise test to determine claudication onset time and peak walking time. Gastrocnemius oxygenation was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Blood samples were taken and blood pressure was measured 10 min after exercise. Mean plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased (nitrate; Time × Intervention interaction; p < .001), with the highest concentrations after BRJ (494 ± 110 μmol/L) compared with NRV (202 ± 89 μmol/L) and placebo (80 ± 19 μmol/L; p < .001). Mean claudication onset time and peak walking time did not differ between NRV (413 ± 187 s and 745 ± 220 s, respectively), BRJ (392 ± 154 s and 746 ± 176 s), and placebo (403 ± 176 s and 696 ± 222 s) (p = .762 and p = .165, respectively). Gastrocnemius oxygenation, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were not affected by the intervention. NRV and BRJ intake markedly increase plasma nitrate and nitrite, but this does not translate to improved exercise tolerance, muscle oxygenation, and/or cardiovascular function.
Collapse
|
36
|
Investigation of the interaction of the cationic nitrosyl iron complex [Fe(SC(NH2)2)2(NO)2]+ with molecular oxygen. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Chronic nitrite treatment activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in human aortic endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
38
|
Zhu HY, Hong FF, Yang SL. The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094540. [PMID: 33926146 PMCID: PMC8123648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Queen Marry College, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Teaching Center, Department of Experimental, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Martin KR. Dietary Supplementation with l-Arginine, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Arginase 1 and 2, and Plasma l-Arginine. J Nutr 2021; 151:745-746. [PMID: 33561213 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Martin
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alvares TS, Oliveira GVD, Volino-Souza M, Conte-Junior CA, Murias JM. Effect of dietary nitrate ingestion on muscular performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5284-5306. [PMID: 33554654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1884040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate consumption from foods such as beetroot has been associated with many physiological benefits including improvements in vascular health and exercise performance. More recently, attention has been given to the use of dietary nitrate as a nutritional strategy to optimize muscular performance during resistance exercise. Our purpose was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature assessing the effect of dietary nitrate ingestion on muscular strength and muscular endurance. A structured search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and from the total included studies (n = 34 studies), 12 studies had data for both measurement of strength and muscular endurance outcomes, 14 studies had data only for muscular strength outcome, and 8 studies had data only for muscular endurance outcome. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated and meta-analyses were performed by using a random-effects model. Dietary nitrate ingestion was found to result in a trivial but significant effect on muscular strength (overall SMD = 0.08, P = 0.0240). Regarding muscular endurance dietary nitrate was found to promote a small but significant effect (overall SMD = 0.31, P < 0.0001). Dosage, frequency of ingestion, training level, muscle group, or type of contraction did not affect the findings, except for a greater improvement in muscle endurance during isometric and isotonic when compared to isokinetic contractions. Dietary nitrate seems to have a positive effect on muscular strength and muscular endurance, which is mostly unaffected by dosage, frequency of ingestion, training level, muscle group, or type of contraction. However, given the trivial to small effect, further experimental research on this topic is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Silveira Alvares
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Brazil
| | - Mônica Volino-Souza
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Quantum chemical modeling in the system polyvinylpyrrolidone—cation of the dinitrosyl iron complex. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-3045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
42
|
Moazeni M, Heidari Z, Golipour S, Ghaisari L, Sillanpää M, Ebrahimi A. Dietary intake and health risk assessment of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines: a Bayesian analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45568-45580. [PMID: 32803593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines intake from the diet creates human health risks. In this study, nitrate/nitrite intake from diet and its association with nitric oxide (NO) level in humans have been surveyed. Besides nitrate/nitrite, nitrosamines risks were also determined from the diet. This study was conducted as a pilot study; 33 heathy adults participated in and completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for 3 days. Then, concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines were studied by the literature review. Also, the association between the intake of nitrate and nitrite with salivary and urinary NO was evaluated by Bayesian bi-variate analysis. Then, the health risk was assessed for nitrate/nitrite from food groups and drinking water, and nitrosamines from food groups based on hazard index (HI) and cancer risk with the Monte Carlo simulation. The nitrate/nitrite intakes had no association with NO level in the saliva and urine samples. The mean of HI value for the mean of 3 days was 3.57 and 0.32 from food groups and drinking water, respectively. The cancer risk amount of nitrosamines from food groups was (1.74 to 2.22) × 10-3 based on 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) values. This study showed the Iranian diet had a high risk, but drinking water consumption was safe based on nitrate/nitrite and nitrosamines for humans. There is a need to determine the concentration of nitrosamines in drinking water in Iran and to recommend for decrease risk of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines exposure by food groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Moazeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Golipour
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Leila Ghaisari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Smeets ETHC, Mensink RP, Hoeks J, de Vogel-Van den Bosch J, Hageman RJJ, Joris PJ. Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3520. [PMID: 33207606 PMCID: PMC7697292 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through effects on nitric oxide bioavailability, vascular endothelial function is improved after the intake of a high amount of nitrate or L-arginine, but decreased after the intake of a high-fat meal. Therefore, we compared the effects of beetroot powder with or without L-arginine on postprandial brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal. METHODS Eighteen abdominally obese men completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of five test days, each separated by a wash-out period of at least one week. Participants received in random order, a blended meal with a control or nutritional supplement consisting of beetroot powder providing 200 mg nitrate, beetroot with 0.8 g of L-arginine, beetroot with 1.5 g of L-arginine, or 3.0 g of L-arginine. Participants then fasted and 2 h postprandial FMD measurements were performed. RESULTS No significant differences between meals were observed for postprandial FMD (p = 0.45) levels. However, there was a non-significant trend towards a more beneficial postprandial FMD response with the beetroot-containing meals as compared with meals without beetroot. CONCLUSION This trial could not provide evidence for beneficial additive effects of a single dose of beetroot powder combined with L-arginine on postprandial endothelial function in abdominally obese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T. H. C. Smeets
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| | | | - Robert J. J. Hageman
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.V.-V.d.B.); (R.J.J.H.)
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Morvaridzadeh M, Nachvak SM, Agah S, Sepidarkish M, Dehghani F, Rahimlou M, Pizarro AB, Heshmati J. Effect of soy products and isoflavones on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109578. [PMID: 33233189 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soy products and isoflavones intake have been shown to exert antioxidant effects. There are several randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of soy products intake on oxidative stress (OS) parameters. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the results of RCTs evaluating the effect of soy products and isoflavones intake on OS parameters. Randomized trials that assessed the effect of soy products and isoflavones intake on OS parameters in adults were identified through searching in electronic databases: Cochrane clinical trial center, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to April 2020. Random effects model was used to calculate the effects sizes of soy intake on OS parameters. Twenty-four trials with 1,852 participants were eligible and were included in the meta-analysis which measured OS parameters. Soy intake compared to control group significantly reduced MDA levels (SMD: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.86, -0.19; I2 = 88.3%), increased GSH levels (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.88; I2 = 72.4%), SOD activity (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.99; I2 = 84.1%), TAC (SMD: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.82; I2 = 49.3%) and TRAP (SMD: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.82, 2.65; I2 = 81.3%) significantly compared to control group. Soy products and isoflavones intake are effective in improving OS parameters in adults compared with controls; thus, it could be a valuable advise to control OS progress in chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dehghani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ana Beatriz Pizarro
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martín León V, Luzardo OP. Evaluation of nitrate contents in regulated and non-regulated leafy vegetables of high consumption in the Canary Islands, Spain: Risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111812. [PMID: 33058989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate content of the most consumed green leafy vegetables in the European Region of the Canary Islands was determined. The sampling included chard and watercress, which are not regulated but highly consumed in this region. The levels of nitrates in organic vegetables were significantly higher than those of conventional cultivation. However, no seasonal differences were observed, and overall nitrate levels were lower than those reported in other studies. Median nitrate levels in the analyzed vegetables were: lettuce (3 varieties) = 573.7 mg/kg; ready-to-eat salad mixes = 595.0 mg/kg; spinach = 1044.2 mg/kg; arugula = 3144.2 mg/kg; watercress = 450.5 mg/kg; and chard = 1788.4 mg/kg. In general, the nitrate levels of watercress and chard were significantly higher than those of regulated vegetables with similar culinary uses. The average per capita daily intake of nitrates through regulated vegetables was 17.5-32.5% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). On the contrary, the consumption of unregulated vegetables in this archipelago represents a similar, or even higher, percentage of ADI (23.6-44.3%). We, therefore, consider that the establishment of maximum limits of nitrate by the EU regulatory authorities would be appropriate for chard and watercress and similar to those set for spinach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martín León
- Public Health Laboratory of Las Palmas, Canary Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Public Health Laboratory of Las Palmas, Canary Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera S/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Synthesis and Modeling Studies of Furoxan Coupled Spiro-Isoquinolino Piperidine Derivatives as NO Releasing PDE 5 Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050121. [PMID: 32423159 PMCID: PMC7277557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be one of the most important intracellular messengers that play an active role as neurotransmitter in regulation of various cardiovascular physiological and pathological processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major factor in penile erectile function. NO exerts a relaxing action on corpus cavernosum and penile arteries by activating smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase and increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phophodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have potential therapeutic applications. NO hybridization has been found to improve and extend the pharmacological properties of the parental compound. The present study describes the synthesis of novel furoxan coupled spiro-isoquinolino-piperidine derivatives and their smooth muscle relaxant activity. The study reveals that, particularly 10d (1.50 ± 0.6) and 10g (1.65 ± 0.7) are moderate PDE 5 inhibitors as compared to Sidenafil (1.43 ± 0.5). The observed effect was explained by molecular modelling studies on phosphodiesterase.
Collapse
|
47
|
Signore A, Bell L, Santamaria P, Wagstaff C, Van Labeke MC. Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:604. [PMID: 32477393 PMCID: PMC7240124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rocket cultivation is increasing to supply the expanding ready-to-eat market because of its unique taste, but crops are often over fertilized to avoid nitrogen deficiencies. This leads to nitrate accumulation in leaves, and the products of their degradation (nitrites and nitrosamines) have been related to several health problems. Nitrate concentrations in rocket and other leafy vegetables are subject to limits by the EU legislation, yet rocket holds a great nutritional value. Degradation products of glucosinolates (isothiocyanates) have been consistently linked with benefits to human health. We investigated the influence of nitrogen application (1 and 8 mM), species [Eruca sativa (L.) Cav. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.] and light spectrum (full spectrum, red, blue and red + blue) on the nitrate concentration, nitrate reductase activity and glucosinolate content of rocket grown in a soil-less system. Red light decreased the nitrate concentration with respect to the blue spectrum (4,270 vs. 7,100 mg⋅kg-1 of fresh weight, respectively), but such reduction was influenced by the species and the nitrogen level (significantly higher in D. tenuifolia and with the higher concentration of N). The nitrate reductase activity increased under red light in D. tenuifolia, with the lower N concentration. Rocket is known to contain several health-promoting compounds mainly antioxidants and glucosinolates, as secondary metabolites that act as part of plant defense mechanisms. The total content of glucosinolates was mainly affected by the species (D. tenuifolia showed the highest concentrations). Our results will help growers to tailor light spectra with the aim of reducing nitrate concentration and to remain within EU legislative limits, without any detrimental influence on other qualitative parameters in rocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Signore
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Santamaria
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Endothelial Hyper-Permeability Induced by T1D Sera Can be Reversed by iNOS Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082798. [PMID: 32316573 PMCID: PMC7215952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis that is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial hyperpermeability, a feature of endothelial dysfunction, is an early step of atherogenesis since it favours intimal lipid uptake. Therefore, we tested endothelial leakage by loading the sera from T1D patients onto cultured human endothelial cells and found it increased by hyperglycaemic sera. These results were phenocopied in endothelial cells cultured in a medium containing high concentrations of glucose, which activates inducible nitric oxide synthase with a consequent increase of nitric oxide. Inhibition of the enzyme prevented high glucose-induced hyperpermeability, thus pointing to nitric oxide as the mediator involved in altering the endothelial barrier function. Since nitric oxide is much higher in sera from hyperglycaemic than normoglycaemic T1D patients, and the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents sera-dependent increased endothelial permeability, this enzyme might represent a promising biochemical marker to be monitored in T1D patients to predict alterations of the vascular wall, eventually promoting intimal lipid accumulation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Gu FF, Wang DM, Yang DT, Liu JX, Ren DX. Short communication: Effects of dietary N-carbamoylglutamate supplementation on the milk amino acid profile and mozzarella cheese quality in mid-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4935-4940. [PMID: 32307176 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-Carbamoylglutamate (NCG) is an enhancer of Arg, which is a functional AA and could prevent cardiovascular disease and improve immunity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing NCG in diets of lactating cattle on the NCG concentration and AA composition of raw milk and on mozzarella cheese quality. Thirty multiparous cows with a mean body weight of 669 kg (standard deviation = 71) and days in milk of 176 (standard deviation = 55) were blocked based on parity and milk production and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with 40 g of NCG per day per cow (NCG). After 8 wk of treatment, raw milk samples were collected from the 2 groups for AA analysis and mozzarella cheese-making. Furthermore, the NCG concentration and distribution in milk and mozzarella cheese were detected. The AA concentration in milk was greater and the NCG concentration in raw milk was approximately 6 times greater in the NCG group than in the CON group. No NCG was detected in cheese from the CON group, and very little NCG (<1.0 μg/kg) of cheese was detected in the NCG group. Most of the dietary NCG was transferred into whey, stretch water, and brine during cheese production. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups on cheese texture and color except that hardness was lower in the NCG group. Overall, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of NCG could improve the NCG and AA concentrations in raw milk without affecting the quality of cheeses such as mozzarella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F F Gu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - D M Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - D T Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - D X Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yamagata K. Polyphenols Regulate Endothelial Functions and Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2443-2458. [PMID: 31333108 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that intake of polyphenols through the consumption of vegetables and fruits reduces the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) by potentially influencing endothelial cell function. OBJECTIVE In this review, the effects and molecular mechanisms of plant polyphenols, particularly resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and quercetin, on endothelial functions, and their putative protective effects against CVD are described. METHODS Epidemiologic studies examined the effect of the CVD risk of vegetables and the fruit. Furthermore, studies within vitro models investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the action of the flavonoid class of polyphenols. These findings help elucidate the effect of polyphenols on endothelial function and CVD risk reduction. RESULTS Epidemiologic and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreases the incidence of CVDs. Furthermore, it has also been indicated that dietary polyphenols are inversely related to the risk of CVD. Resveratrol, EGCG, and quercetin prevent oxidative stress by regulating the expression of oxidase and the antioxidant enzyme genes, contributing to the prevention of stroke, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSION High intake of dietary polyphenols may help prevent CVD. Polyphenols inhibit endothelial dysfunction and induce vascular endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation viz. redox regulation and nitric oxide production. The polyphenol-induced healthy endothelial cell function may be related to CVD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Science & Technology, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|