Regioselective synthesis, antitumor and antioxidant activities of some 1,2,4-triazole derivatives based on 4-phenyl-5-(quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol

Novel imidazolone derivatives as potential dual inhibitors of checkpoint kinases 1 and 2: Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation, and mechanistic insights

Applying various drug design strategies including ring variation, substituents variation, and ring fusion, two series of 2-(alkylthio)-5-(arylidene/heteroarylidene)imidazolones and imidazo[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were designed and prepared as dual potential Chk1 and Chk2 inhibitors. The newly synthesized hybrids were screened in NCI 60 cell line panel where the most active derivatives 4b, d-f, and 6a were further estimated for their five dose antiproliferative activity against the most sensitive tumor cells including breast MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 and non-small cell lung cancer EKVX as well as normal WI-38 cell. Noticeably, increasing the carbon chain attached to thiol moiety at C-2 of imidazolone scaffold elevated the cytotoxic activity. Hence, compounds 4e and 4f, containing S-butyl fragment, exhibited the most antiproliferative activity against the tested cells where 4f showed extremely potent selectivity toward them. As well, compound 6a, containing imidazothienopyrimidine core, exerted significant cytotoxic activity and selectivity toward the examined cells. The mechanistic investigation of the most active cytotoxic analogs was achieved through the evaluation of their inhibitory activity against Chk1 and Chk2. Results revealed that 4f displayed potent dual inhibition of both Chk1 and Chk2 with IC50 equal 0.137 and 0.25 μM, respectively. It also promoted its antiproliferative and Chk suppression activity via EKVX cell cycle arrest at S phase through stimulating the apoptotic approach. The apoptosis induction was also emphasized by elevating the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, that are accompanied by Bcl-2 diminution. The in silico molecular docking and ADMET profiles of the most active analogs have been carried out to evaluate their potential as significant anticancer drug candidates.

Antioxidant Activity of 1,2,4-Triazole and Its Derivatives: A Mini Review

The information about the presence of free radicals in biological materials was given for the first time about 70 years ago. Since then, numerous scientific studies have been conducted and the science of free radicals was born. Today we know that free radicals are by-products of enzymatic reactions occurring in the organism. They are produced during endogenous processes such as: cell respiration, phagocytosis, biosynthesis, catalysis, and biotransformation. They can also be produced by exogenous processes (radiation, sunlight, heavy metals, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses). The overproduction of free radicals affects the aging processes, oxidative stress (OS) and takes part in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Among them are cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer and Parkinson, pulmonary diseases, atherosclerosis and DNA damage. Compounds with antioxidant activity are very important nowadays because they allow organisms to keep a balance between the production of free radicals and the speed of their neutralization in the body. Next to the natural antioxidants (flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, etc.), synthetic ones are also of great importance. Among synthetic compounds with antioxidant activity are 1,2,4-triazoles and its derivatives. 1,2,4-Triazoles are heterocyclic compounds with three nitrogen atoms. Due to a broad spectrum of biological activities, these derivatives have been of interest to scientists for many years. Some of them are also used as drugs. The finding of new synthetic compounds with antioxidant features in the triazole group has become important problem of medicinal chemistry.

Hassan A, Makhlouf MM, Bräse S. Chemistry and Biological Activities of 1,2,4-Triazolethiones-Antiviral and Anti-Infective Drugs

Mercapto-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles are very interesting compounds as they play an important role in chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects on cancer. In recent decades, literature has been enriched with sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles which are used as a basic nucleus of different heterocyclic compounds with various biological applications in medicine and also occupy a huge part of natural products. Therefore, we shed, herein, more light on the synthesis of this interesting class and its application as a biologically active moiety. They might also be suitable as antiviral and anti-infective drugs.