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Micheva ID, Atanasova SA. MicroRNA dysregulation in myelodysplastic syndromes: implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1410656. [PMID: 39156702 PMCID: PMC11327013 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1410656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of malignant clonal hematological disorders with heterogeneous clinical course and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation, including alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression, plays a pivotal role in MDS pathogenesis influencing disease development and progression. MiRNAs, known for their regulatory roles in gene expression, have emerged as promising biomarkers in various malignant diseases. This review aims to explore the diagnostic and prognostic roles of miRNAs in MDS. We discuss research efforts aimed at understanding the clinical utility of miRNAs in MDS management. MiRNA dysregulation is linked to specific chromosomal abnormalities in MDS, providing insights into the molecular landscape of the disease. Circulating miRNAs in plasma offer a less invasive avenue for diagnostic and prognostic assessment, with distinct miRNA profiles identified in MDS patients. Additionally, we discuss investigations concerning the role of miRNAs as markers for treatment response to hypomethylating and immunomodulating agents, which could lead to improved treatment decision-making and monitoring. Despite significant progress, further research in larger patient cohorts is needed to fully elucidate the role of miRNAs in MDS pathogenesis and refine personalized approaches to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilina Dimitrova Micheva
- Hematology Department, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Svilena Angelova Atanasova
- Hematology Department, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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2
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Kalitin N, Dudina G, Kostritsa N, Sivirinova A, Karamysheva A. Evaluation of VEGF and VEGFR gene expression as prognostic markers in low and intermediate‑1 risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:95. [PMID: 36817042 PMCID: PMC9932006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are angiogenic factors playing a key role in tumor development. VEGFs are produced by different normal and tumor cells, including platelets, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. VEGF (VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D) and VEGFR (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3) gene expression was studied in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to evaluate the possible prognostic role of the expression of these genes. Gene expression levels were determined using peripheral blood samples of 51 patients with MDS and 15 healthy volunteers by quantitative PCR. Expression of all VEGF and VEGFR genes was elevated in patients with MDS compared with healthy volunteers. No association of VEGF-A expression with the hemoglobin content in peripheral blood was found. The analyses of gene expression in patients with MDS stratified by risk groups according to the International Prognostic Scoring System showed progressive augmentation of VEGF-A gene expression from low to high-risk groups and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression from intermediate-1 to high-risk groups. The statistically significant difference in survival time of patients with high and low levels of VEGFR1 expression was revealed. VEGF-A/VEGFR1 expression may be important for risk evaluation of patients with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kalitin
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Genetics, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia,Correspondence to: Dr Nikolay Kalitin, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Genetics, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia, E-mail:
| | - Galina Dudina
- Department of Oncohematology, A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kostritsa
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Sivirinova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida Karamysheva
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Genetics, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Bouligny IM, Maher KR, Grant S. Mechanisms of myeloid leukemogenesis: Current perspectives and therapeutic objectives. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100996. [PMID: 35989139 PMCID: PMC10693933 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic neoplasm which results in clonal proliferation of abnormally differentiated hematopoietic cells. In this review, mechanisms contributing to myeloid leukemogenesis are summarized, highlighting aberrations of epigenetics, transcription factors, signal transduction, cell cycling, and the bone marrow microenvironment. The mechanisms contributing to AML are detailed to spotlight recent findings that convey clinical impact. The applications of current and prospective therapeutic targets are accentuated in addition to reviews of treatment paradigms stratified for each characteristic molecular lesion - with a focus on exploring novel treatment approaches and combinations to improve outcomes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bouligny
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Keri R Maher
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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4
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Mosteo L, Storer J, Batta K, Searle EJ, Duarte D, Wiseman DH. The Dynamic Interface Between the Bone Marrow Vascular Niche and Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Myeloid Malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635189. [PMID: 33777944 PMCID: PMC7991089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells interact with bone marrow niches, including highly specialized blood vessels. Recent studies have revealed the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells. This has facilitated the analysis of the vascular microenvironment in steady state and malignant hematopoiesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the bone marrow microenvironment, focusing on refined analyses of the marrow vascular compartment performed in mouse studies. We also discuss the emerging role of the vascular niche in “inflamm-aging” and clonal hematopoiesis, and how the endothelial microenvironment influences, supports and interacts with hematopoietic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as exemplar states of malignant myelopoiesis. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for modulating these bidirectional interactions to therapeutic effect in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosteo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Storer
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Batta
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Searle
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Delfim Duarte
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO)-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Xiong B, Nie Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Zuo X. Reduced miR-16 levels are associated with VEGF upregulation in high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. J Cancer 2021; 12:1967-1977. [PMID: 33753995 PMCID: PMC7974534 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major angiogenic factor, was found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and showed different expression statuses in different risk groups of MDS. We aimed to investigate the possible role of microRNA (miR)-15a and miR-16 on the regulation of VEGF expression and their effect on angiogenesis in lower- and higher-risk MDS. Methods: We studied peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of MDS patients or several leukaemia and MDS cell lines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR for expression levels of VEGF, miR-15a and miR-16. MiRNA transfection and Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to investigate whether VEGF is a target of miR-16. Migration and tube formation assays were performed in cells exposed to medium from cells with overexpressed or knockdown miR-16. Results: It showed a significantly lower level of miR-16 in higher-risk MDS patients, while the VEGF levels were upregulated. Inverse correlation between VEGF and miR-16 were determined in cells lines including SKM-1, THP-1, and K562 cells. Overexpression of miR-16 in SKM-1 cells resulted in reduced VEGF secretion and cell protein levels. Direct binding of miR-16 to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of VEGF was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells decreased in the presence of medium from SKM-1 cells with overexpressed miR-16. Conclusion: These data suggest that miR-16 may play a role in angiogenesis in higher-risk MDS by targeting VEGF and therefore modulating MDS progression. MiR-16 might be a novel therapeutic target in higher-risk MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yalan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuelan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hasby Saad MA, El-Anwar N. Bevacizumab as a potential anti-angiogenic therapy in schistosomiasis: A double-edged, but adjustable weapon. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12724. [PMID: 32338371 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Investigating the anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab on chronic schistosomiasis mansoni in a trial to hinder the Schistosome-induced angiogenesis and porto-systemic shunting complications. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of CD34, VEGF-R1, PCNA and α-SMA (angiogenesis markers) was analysed in the lung, liver and gastrointestinal junctions of chronic S mansoni infected mice after intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab. The effect of prolonged administration of bevacizumab with praziquantel was also assessed through parasitic load, protective index, granuloma and fibrous tissue evaluation. RESULTS A regression in the vascular activity and microvascular density was observed in the infected mice after receiving bevacizumab. They had a significantly less VEGF-R1, PCNA, CD-34 and α-SMA expression in comparison to the infected untreated mice. The least tissue egg count was reported in mice received bevacizumab for 6 weeks (Mean = 27 120). However, they had persistent liver granulomas, and massively amalgamated fibrosis. Interestingly, the least faecal egg and tissue worms counts (Mean = 112, 13.4), and the highest protection index (39.26) were reported in mice received bevacizumab for 3 weeks, with marked granuloma, and fibrous tissue resolution. CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab has a promising protective effect against the Schistosoma-induced angiogenesis. As an adjuvant to praziquantel, it is important to adjust the appropriate duration of administration that achieves the best schistosomicidal effect without impeding granuloma and fibrous tissue resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hasby Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Noha El-Anwar
- Department of Pathology, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
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7
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Zannoni J, Mauz N, Seyve L, Meunier M, Pernet-Gallay K, Brault J, Jouzier C, Laurin D, Pezet M, Pernollet M, Cahn JY, Cognasse F, Polack B, Park S. Tumor microenvironment and clonal monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia induce a procoagulant climate. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1868-1880. [PMID: 31221660 PMCID: PMC6595258 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloid hematological malignancy with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The knowledge of the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), in MDS pathogenesis is increasing. Generally, cancer is associated with a procoagulant state participating in tumor development. Monocytes release procoagulant, tissue factor (TF)-bearing microparticles. We hypothesized that MSCs and clonal monocytes release procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) within the CMML TME, inducing a procoagulant state that could modify hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. We isolated and cultured MSCs and monocytes from CMML patients and MSCs from healthy donors (HDs). Their medium EVs and small EVs (sEVs) were collected after iterative ultracentrifugations and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Their impact on hemostasis was studied with a thrombin generation assay and fibrinography. CMML or HD HSCs were exposed to sEVs from either CMML or HD MSCs. CMML MSC sEVs increased HD HSC procoagulant activity, suggesting a transfer of TF from the CMML TME to HD HSCs. The presence of TF on sEVs was shown by electron microscopy and western blot. Moreover, CMML monocyte EVs conferred a procoagulant activity to HD MSCs, which was reversed by an anti-TF antibody, suggesting the presence of TF on the EVs. Our findings revealed a procoagulant "climate" within the CMML environment related to TF-bearing sEVs secreted by CMML MSCs and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zannoni
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Natacha Mauz
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Landry Seyve
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Meunier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Grenoble Institute for Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Brault
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Centre de Diagnostic de la Granulomatose Septique Diagnosis and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Jouzier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Laurin
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Grenoble, France
| | - Mylène Pezet
- Plateforme de Microscopie Photonique, Cytométrie en Flux, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Martine Pernollet
- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Yves Cahn
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France; and
- GIMAP-EA3064, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Benoît Polack
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Park
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Abd El-Aal NF, Abdelbary EH. Paeoniflorin in experimental BALB/c mansoniasis: A novel anti-angiogenic therapy. Exp Parasitol 2018; 197:85-92. [PMID: 30414842 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatic schistosomiasis causes portal hypertension, fibrosis and lethal hepatosplenic complications. Previous studies focused mainly on schistosomicidal drugs and neglected the therapeutic approaches against the vascular complications after portal hypertension. Investigating a novel anti-angiogenic therapy is an urgent. The current study is to evaluate the performance of Paeoniflorin (PAE) as an anti-angiogenic therapy, being a powerful anti-fibrotic, compared to artemether (ART) and praziqantel (PZQ) in schistosomiasis mansoni BALB/c mice. Thirty two laboratory bred male BALB/c Swiss albino mice. The mice were classified into four groups (8 mice each), control infected (CI), PZQ (300 mg/kg/12 h), ART (0.1 ml/mg/d) and PAE (50 mg/kg/d) treated groups for one month. All mice groups were sacrificed 15 weeks post infection for assessment of the drugs' efficacy by parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Our results in PAE group showed marked reduction in the mean egg count/gram stool, worm burden, egg count/gram liver tissue, granuloma diameter and pro-angiogenic factors as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD34; conversely, there was an augmentation of the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) as an anti-angiogenic expression that was exceeded ART and PZQ treated groups compared to CI group (p˂0.001). Conclusively, PAE has an anti-angiogenic impact with no vascular proliferative activity or recanalization, no micro-vessel density (MVD) changes, granuloma resolution and fibrosis regression. PAE is predicted to be a potential therapy for chronic hepatic diseases associated with fibrosis and angiogenesis, hopeful in protecting from advanced serious complications; cancer and metastasis.
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9
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Kayano H. Histopathology in the diagnosis of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Exp Hematop 2018; 58:51-60. [PMID: 29998976 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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10
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Liu F, Kc P, Ni L, Zhang G, Zhe J. A microfluidic competitive immuno-aggregation assay for high sensitivity cell secretome detection. Organogenesis 2018; 14:67-81. [PMID: 29883244 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2018.1461306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a high-sensitivity cell secretome detection method using competitive immuno-aggregation and a micro-Coulter counter. A target cell secretome protein competes with anti-biotin-coated microparticles (MPs) to bind with a biotinylated antibody (Ab), causing decreased aggregation of the functionalized MPs and formation of a mixture of MPs and aggregates. In comparison, without the target cell secretome protein, more microparticles are functionalized, and more aggregates are formed. Thus, a decrease in the average volume of functionalized microparticles/aggregates indicates an increase in cell secretome concentration. This volume change is measured by the micro-Coulter counter, which is used to quantitatively estimate the cell secretome concentration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the key cell secretome proteins that regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeabilization, was used as the target protein to demonstrate the sensing principle. A standard calibration curve was generated by testing samples with various VEGF concentrations. A detection range from 0.01 ng/mL to 100.00 ng/mL was achieved. We further demonstrated the quantification of VEGF concentration in exogenous samples collected from the secretome of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at different incubation times. The results from the assay agree well with the results of a parallel enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) test, indicating the specificity and reliability of the competitive immuno-aggregation assay. With its simple structure and easy sample preparation, this assay not only enables high sensitivity detection of VEGF but also can be readily extended to other types of cell secretome analysis as long as the specific Ab is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , United States
| | - Pawan Kc
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , United States
| | - Liwei Ni
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , United States
| | - Jiang Zhe
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , United States
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11
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Yang JG, Wang LL, Ma DC. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors on megakaryocytes and platelets and related diseases. Br J Haematol 2017; 180:321-334. [PMID: 29076133 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, VEGFRs) are expressed in different tissues, and VEGF-VEGFR loops regulate a wide range of responses, including metabolic homeostasis, cell proliferation, migration and tubuleogenesis. As ligands, VEGFs act on three structurally related VEGFRs (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 [also termed FLT1, KDR and FLT4, respectively]) that deliver downstream signals. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), megakaryocytic cell lines, cultured megakaryocytes (MKs), primary MKs and abnormal MKs express and secrete VEGFs. During the development from HSCs to MKs, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 are expressed at different developmental stages, respectively, and re-expressed, e.g., VEGFR2, and play different roles in commitment, differentiation, proliferation, survival and polyplodization of HSCs/MKs via autocrine, paracrine and/or even intracrine loops. Moreover, VEGFs and their receptors are abnormally expressed in MK-related diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes and acute megakaryocytic leukaemia (a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia), and they lead to the disordered proliferation/differentiation of bone marrow cells and angiogenesis, indicating that they are closely related to these diseases. Thus, targeting VEGF-VEGFR loops may be of potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gang Yang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong-Chu Ma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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12
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Coexistence of aberrant hematopoietic and stromal elements in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 66:37-46. [PMID: 28822917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders related to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell dysfunction. Several studies have shown the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in regulating hematopoietic stem, and progenitor function and their individual abnormalities have been associated with disease pathogenesis. In this study, we simultaneously evaluated hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) and different stromal elements in a cohort of patients with MDS-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD). Karyotyping of these patients revealed variable chromosomal abnormalities in 73.33% of patients. Long-term HSC and lineage-negative CD34+CD38- cells were reduced while among the HPCs, there was an expansion of common myeloid progenitor and loss of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. Interestingly, loss of HSCs was accompanied by aberrant frequencies of endothelial (ECs) (CD31+CD45-CD71-) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (CD31-CD45-71-) and its subsets associated with HSC niche. We further demonstrate down-regulation of HSC maintenance genes such as Cxcl12, VEGF in mesenchymal cells and a parallel upregulation in endothelial cells. Altogether we report for the first time quantitative and qualitative de novo changes in hematopoietic stem and its associated niche in a cohort of MDS-RCMD patients. These findings further reinforce the role of different components of the bone marrow microenvironment in MDS pathogenesis and emphasize the need for comprehensive simultaneous evaluation of all niche elements in such studies.
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13
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Kalitin NN, Dudina GA, Semochkin SV, Karamysheva AF. [Analysis of VEGF-A/VEGFR1/VEGFR2 gene expression in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2017; 89:39-44. [PMID: 28766539 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201789739-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the significance of gene expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and its interacting receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 as potential diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to investigate the gene expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 in the mononuclear cell fractions obtained from 24 patients with MDS. RESULTS The expression of the 3 genes was identified in all the patients examined. There was the highest expression level of the VEGF-A gene (p<0.0001), whereas the expression of the VEGFR1 gene was higher than that of the VEGFR2 gene (p<0.001). The expression of the VEGF-A gene proved to be higher in patients at a higher risk of acute leukemia and positively correlated with the expression levels of the VEGFR1 gene (p<0.05) rather than that of the VEGFR2 gene. At the same time, patients with higher VEGFR1 gene expression had significantly lower overall survival rates (r=-0.5; p<0.05). Patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk acute leukemia showed an increase in the average expression levels of VEGF-A and VEGFR1 and a reduction in VEGFR2 expression. CONCLUSION This investigation revealed correlations between the number of blast cells in patients with MDS and the expression levels of the VEGF-A gene and between the overall survival of patients with MDS and the expression levels of the VEGFR1 gene rather than those of the VEGF-A and VEGFR2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Kalitin
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Dudina
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Semochkin
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A F Karamysheva
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Palodetto B, da Silva Santos Duarte A, Rodrigues Lopes M, Adolfo Corrocher F, Roversi FM, Soares Niemann F, Priscila Vieira Ferro K, Leda Figueiredo Longhini A, Melo Campos P, Favaro P, Teresinha Olalla Saad S. SEMA3A partially reverses VEGF effects through binding to neuropilin-1. Stem Cell Res 2017. [PMID: 28636974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is essential for HSCs regulation and leukemogenesis. Studying bone marrow of myelodysplasia patients, a pre-leukemic condition, we found mRNA overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in CD34+ HSCs and semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in BMSCs. To better understand the role of VEGFA and SEMA3A in leukemogenesis, we recruited 30 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, 29 acute myeloid leukemia (6 secondary to MDS) patients and 12 controls. We found higher VEGFA expression in de novo AML patients (without prior MDS) group (p=0.0073) and higher SEMA3A expression in all BMSCs patient's samples compared to control group. We then overexpressed VEGFA in an acute myelogenous leukemia cell line, KG1 cells, and in normal CD34+ cells. This overexpression increased KG1 (p=0.045) and CD34+ cell (p=0.042) viability and KG1 (p=0.042) and CD34+ cell (p=0.047) proliferation. Moreover, KG1 and CD34+ cells overexpressing VEGFA also had increased proliferation when co-cultured with human marrow stromal HS5 cells (p=0.045 and p=0.02, respectively). However, co-culture of these transformed cells with HS5 cells overexpressing SEMA3A reduced KG1 (p=0.004) and CD34+ (p=0.009) proliferation. Co-culture of KG1 transformed cells with HS27 cells overexpressing SEMA3A reduced KG1 proliferation as well (p=0.01). To investigate whether the dominant SEMA3A effect over VEGFA could be due to competition for neuropilin1 receptor (NRP1), we performed immunoprecipitation with anti-NRP1 antibody of cell extracts of co-cultured KG1 and HS5 cells, induced or not by VEGFA and SEMA3A recombinant proteins. Results showed a preferential association of NRP1 with SEMA3A, suggesting that SEMA3A can partially reverse the effects caused by the VEGFA preventing its binding with the NRP1 receptor. Since both hematopoietic cells, leukemic and normal, showed similar behavior, we suppose that the attempt to reversion of VEGF effects by SEMA3A is a homeostatic phenomenon in the hematopoietic niche. Finally, we conclude that VEGFA overexpression confers AML cell advantages and SEMA3A may partially reverse this effect; thus, SEMA3A protein combined with VEGFA inhibitors could be beneficial for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Palodetto
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva Santos Duarte
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flavia Adolfo Corrocher
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Soares Niemann
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Vieira Ferro
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Figueiredo Longhini
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo Campos
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil.
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15
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Invernizzi R, Travaglino E, Della Porta MG, Malcovati L, Gallì A, Bastia R, Ciola M, Ambaglio I, Boveri E, Rosti V, Cazzola M. Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in myelodysplastic syndrome bone marrow cells: biological and clinical implications. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1711-1720. [PMID: 27897450 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1262030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have regulatory effects on the hematopoietic system and contribute to disease progression. We analyzed by immunocytochemistry VEGF expression in bone marrow (BM) cells from 188 patients with MDS and 96 non-hemopathic subjects. We also measured VEGF BM plasma levels and in vitro VEGF release. Our aims were to evaluate whether VEGF expression abnormalities were associated with relevant laboratory or clinical findings and their possible prognostic value. In MDS, VEGF expression was higher than in controls (p < .0001) and VEGF release was significantly higher in the low-risk cases. A trend to a positive correlation between VEGF myeloid expression and apoptotic rate was observed. High myeloid VEGF levels were independently associated with longer overall survival (p < .0001) and progression-free survival (p = .0002). Our findings suggest that, in MDS, VEGF production and release may contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis, with a potential prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Invernizzi
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Erica Travaglino
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Luca Malcovati
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Anna Gallì
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Raffaella Bastia
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Mariella Ciola
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Ilaria Ambaglio
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- c Department of Human Pathology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- d Biotechnology Research Area , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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16
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CCL2 is a KIT D816V-dependent modulator of the bone marrow microenvironment in systemic mastocytosis. Blood 2016; 129:371-382. [PMID: 27856463 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of neoplastic mast cells harboring the activating KIT mutation D816V in the bone marrow and other internal organs. As found in other myeloproliferative neoplasms, increased production of profibrogenic and angiogenic cytokines and related alterations of the bone marrow microenvironment are commonly found in SM. However, little is known about mechanisms and effector molecules triggering fibrosis and angiogenesis in SM. Here we show that KIT D816V promotes expression of the proangiogenic cytokine CCL2 in neoplastic mast cells. Correspondingly, the KIT-targeting drug midostaurin and RNA interference-mediated knockdown of KIT reduced expression of CCL2. We also found that nuclear factor κB contributes to KIT-dependent upregulation of CCL2 in mast cells. In addition, CCL2 secreted by KIT D816V+ mast cells was found to promote the migration of human endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of CCL2 in neoplastic mast cells resulted in reduced microvessel density and reduced tumor growth in vivo compared with CCL2-expressing cells. Finally, we measured CCL2 serum concentrations in patients with SM and found that CCL2 levels were significantly increased in mastocytosis patients compared with controls. CCL2 serum levels were higher in patients with advanced SM and were found to correlate with poor survival. In summary, we have identified CCL2 as a novel KIT D816V-dependent key regulator of vascular cell migration and angiogenesis in SM. CCL2 expression correlates with disease severity and prognosis. Whether CCL2 may serve as a therapeutic target in advanced SM remains to be determined in forthcoming studies.
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17
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Kim CK, Han DH, Ji YS, Lee MS, Min CW, Park SK, Kim SH, Yun J, Kim HJ, Kim KH, Lee KT, Won JH, Hong DS, Kim HK. Biomarkers of angiogenesis as prognostic factors in myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Leuk Res 2016; 50:21-28. [PMID: 27639703 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs in response to tissue ischemia and wound healing, and contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as benign and malignant neoplasia. Several studies have measured bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) in MDS patients and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients transformed from MDS, and MVD was higher in MDS patients than controls, but was lower than in AML patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in bone marrow blast cells, and an autocrine VEGF signaling mechanism has been established in MDS. Increased bone marrow angiogenesis and VEGF concentrations are adverse prognostic features in all of these patients. In this study, 69 patients were treated in two groups: hypomethylating agents or supportive care with oxymetholone±pyridoxine. We evaluated the MVD and VEGF expression of paraffin-embedded bone marrow samples from patients. We also investigated the relationship between angiogenesis-related biomarkers including MVD, VEGF expression, and clinical factors. The patient median age was 65 years, and the median follow-up duration was 28 months. MVD assessment among subtypes of WHO MDS classification showed that the MVD of RCUD was significantly lower than in other types (p=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in VEGF expression according to the subtype of MDS. Although MVD and VEGF expression did not differ between risk groups based on the IPSS, the low risk group tended to have lower expression of angiogenesis-related biomarkers. MDS patients receiving hypomethylating agents had significantly lower MVD expression in responders than in non-responders (6.13±3.38 vs. 9.89±2.10, respectively, p=0.039). In a consecutive evaluation at the time of diagnosis and 3 months after the initial treatment, the group with a decrease or no change of MVD had a higher response rate compared to that in the group with an increase of MVD (92.9% vs. 58.8%, respectively, p=0.045). Adverse prognostic factors included older age, MDS type other than RCUD, a higher IPSS risk group, and abnormal cytogenetics. Although angiogenesis-related markers did not demonstrate any significant prognostic association with survival, MVD (≥10n/mm2) and a strong expression of VEGF seemed to be associated with lower survival rate. These data suggested that the MVD value might be helpful in predicting responsiveness to treatment, especially in MDS patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Although angiogenesis-related markers including VEGF did not demonstrate a significant association with survival outcomes, we observed that high MVD and strong VEGF expression seemed to be associated with lower survival rate. Therefore, biologic markers related to angiogenesis might have a potential as prognostic factors for MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kyu Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Han
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Ji
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Chang Wook Min
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea.
| | - Se Hyung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Jina Yun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ha Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, South Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20 Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Won
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, South Korea
| | - Dae Sik Hong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
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18
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Bone marrow niche in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Benton CB, Nazha A, Pemmaraju N, Garcia-Manero G. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Forefront of the field in 2015. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:222-42. [PMID: 25869097 PMCID: PMC4859155 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) includes components of both myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms and is associated with a characteristic peripheral monocytosis. CMML is caused by the proliferation of an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell clone and may be influenced by microenvironmental changes. The disease is rare and has undergone revisions in its classification. We review the recent classification strategies as well as diagnostic criteria, focusing on CMML's genetic alterations and unique pathophysiology. We also discuss the latest molecular characterization of the disease, including how molecular factors affect current prognostic models. Finally, we focus on available treatment strategies, with a special emphasis on experimental and forthcoming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Benton
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aziz Nazha
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Buckstein R, Kerbel R, Cheung M, Shaked Y, Chodirker L, Lee CR, Lenis M, Davidson C, Cussen MA, Reis M, Chesney A, Zhang L, Mamedov A, Wells RA. Lenalidomide and metronomic melphalan for CMML and higher risk MDS: A phase 2 clinical study with biomarkers of angiogenesis. Leuk Res 2014; 38:756-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Gianelli U, Fracchiolla NS, Bucciarelli P, Ferla V, Boiocchi L, Savi F, Moro A, Reda G, Bosari S, Cortelezzi A. High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression are associated with an increased risk of transfusion dependence in myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 139:380-7. [PMID: 23429375 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp5o3ybktggwnq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in 79 bone marrow biopsy specimens of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). VEGF levels normalized for bone marrow cellularity (VEGF index [VEGFi]) were higher in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS) "very high risk" than in the "very low risk" group (P = .009) and in patients with MDS with a poor karyotype than in the other cytogenetic risk groups (P = .015). High VEGFi (>75(th) percentile) predicted transfusion dependence (adjusted odds ratio, 10.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-106), and were correlated with leukemia-free survival and overall survival. The inclusion of VEGFi in the International Prognostic Scoring System and WPSS maintained its significant prognostic role in predicting leukemia-free and overall survival; it also seemed to improve the discrimination of the different prognostic classes, especially WPSS low-risk classes. Our findings support the clinical relevance of VEGFi expression in the bone marrow biopsy specimens of patients with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Gianelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola S. Fracchiolla
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bucciarelli
- A. Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ferla
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Boiocchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Savi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Moro
- Pathology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Reda
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- Hematology and Transplantation Unit, University of Milan School of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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22
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Alteration in endoglin-related angiogenesis in refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53624. [PMID: 23341958 PMCID: PMC3547003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional mechanisms involved in angiogenesis and the potential role of endoglin (ENG), recently described as a new marker for this process, have not been explored in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). In order to gain insight in MDS angiogenesis a combined analysis in bone marrow (BM) of gene expression levels, angiogenesis-related soluble factors and functional angiogenesis-related studies was carried out. Ninety-seven MDS patients and forty-two normal BM samples were studied. The morphology of the capillary-like structures originated by two endothelial cells lines in the BM environment of patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) was different from those of the remaining MDS. In addition, the BM mononuclear cells from RCMD patients displayed over-expression of VEGF, HIF and FN1 while they showed reduced expression of ENG in contrast to the normal ENG expression of the remaining low-risk MDS and the high expression of ENG in high-risk MDS subtype. Moreover, higher soluble ENG and soluble FLT-1 levels in BM microenvironment were observed in RCMD cases, which distinguished them from other individuals. Therefore, the present study suggests that the patterns of angiogenesis are different between the MDS subtypes. The differences in angiogenesis observed in RCMD patients could be related to ENG abnormalities.
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23
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Angiogenesis and Survival in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:681-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhao D, Sun L, Zhi Y, Wu X, Huang W, Da W. SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in myelodysplastic syndromes: correlation with angiogenesis and apoptosis. Leuk Res 2011; 36:281-6. [PMID: 21802140 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To study the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in MDS, the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4, VEGF, MVD and apoptosis were measured in MDS. The results showed that the expression of SDF-1 of the low-grade MDS is higher than that of the high-grade MDS and the control. The high-grade MDS had a significantly higher CXCR4 expression on CD34+ cell than low-grade MDS and the control. It was suggested that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis play an important role in MDS. Apoptosis was significantly increased in low-grade MDS, compared with high-grade MDS. The expression of VEGF and MVD were higher in the high-grade MDS than in the low-grade MDS. There are positive correlations between SDF-1 and apoptosis in the low-grade MDS. For the high-grade MDS, there were positive correlations between CXCR4 and VEGF, and between SDF-1 concentration and MVD. The apoptosis is one of the hallmarks for low-grade MDS and the angiogenesis for high-grade MDS. A refined understanding of the roles that SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and its correlation with angiogenesis and apoptosis play in MDS will fuel the development of therapies that can be targeted to the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, TianJin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor-related pathways in hemato-lymphoid malignancies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:729725. [PMID: 20508816 PMCID: PMC2875768 DOI: 10.1155/2010/729725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for malignant tumor growth. This has been documented for solid tumors, and there is an emerging evidence suggesting that tumor progression of hematolymphoid malignancies also depends on the induction of new blood vessel formation. The most important proangiogenic agent is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activating VEGF receptors 1 and 2. The available data on angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies, such as acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas, point towards the significance of autocrine and paracrine VEGF-mediated effects for proliferation and survival of leukemia/lymphoma cells in addition to tumor vascularization. Antiangiogenic strategies have become an important therapeutic modality for solid tumors. Several antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF-related pathways are also being utilized in clinical trials for the treatment of hemato-lymphoid malignancies, and in some instances these pathways have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. This review summarizes recent advances in the basic understanding of the role of angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies and the translation of such basic findings into clinical studies.
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Ayala F, Dewar R, Kieran M, Kalluri R. Contribution of bone microenvironment to leukemogenesis and leukemia progression. Leukemia 2009; 23:2233-41. [PMID: 19727127 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has a major role in cancer progression and resistance to treatment. The bone marrow (BM) is a dynamic network of growth factors, cytokines and stromal cells, providing a permissive environment for leukemogenesis and progression. Both BM stroma and leukemic blasts promote angiogenesis, which is increased in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor and angiopoietins are the main proangiogenic mediators in acute leukemia. Autocrine proleukemic loops have been described for VEGF and angiopoietin in hematopoietic cells. Interactions of stromal cells and extracellular matrix with leukemic blasts can also generate antiapoptotic signals that contribute to neoplastic progression and persistence of treatment-resistant minimal residual disease. High expression of CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCR4) by leukemic blasts and activation of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis is involved in leukemia progression and disruption of normal hematopoiesis. Leukemia-associated bone microenvironment markers could be used as prognostic or predictive indicators of disease progression and/or treatment outcome. Studies related to bone microenvironment would likely provide a better understanding of the treatment resistance associated with leukemia therapy and design of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ayala
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA
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Vales A, Kondo R, Aichberger KJ, Mayerhofer M, Kainz B, Sperr WR, Sillaber C, Jäger U, Valent P. Myeloid leukemias express a broad spectrum of VEGF receptors including neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and NRP-2. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 48:1997-2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190701534424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ou JJ, Bagg A. Diagnostic challenges in the myelodysplastic syndromes: the current and future role of genetic and immunophenotypic studies. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2009; 3:275-91. [PMID: 23488463 DOI: 10.1517/17530050902813947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a clinically and pathologically diverse collection of hematopoietic neoplasms, most commonly presenting with peripheral cytopenias typically in the context of bone marrow hypercellularity. Mechanistically, at least in the early phases of the disease, this apparently paradoxical picture is primarily due to ineffective hematopoiesis, which is accompanied by a variety of morphologic abnormalities in hematopoietic cells. The identification of recurrent, clinically relevant cytogenetic defects in MDS has spurred the research of molecular mechanisms that contribute to its inception as well as to the development of heterogeneous subtypes. Although conventional cytogenetic analyses remain a diagnostic mainstay in MDS, the application of contemporary techniques including molecular cytogenetics, microarray technologies and multiparametric flow cytometry may ultimately reveal new diagnostic parameters that are theoretically more objective and sensitive than current morphologic approaches. This review aims to outline the role of genetic and immunophenotypic studies in the evaluation of MDS, including findings that may potentially influence future diagnostic classifications, which could refine prognostication and ultimately facilitate the growth of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J Ou
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Founders Pavilion, PA 19406-4283, USA
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Hauswirth AW, Escribano L, Prados A, Nuñez R, Mirkina I, Kneidinger M, Florian S, Sonneck K, Vales A, Schernthaner GH, Sanchez-Muñoz L, Sperr WR, Bühring HJ, Orfao A, Valent P. CD203c is overexpressed on neoplastic mast cells in systemic mastocytosis and is upregulated upon IgE receptor cross-linking. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 21:797-806. [PMID: 19144265 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) has recently been identified as a novel activation-linked cell surface antigen on basophils. In the present study, we examined expression of CD203c on normal mast cells (MC)and bone marrow (bm) MC derived from 85 patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM), including cases with indolent SM (ISM, n=72), SM with associated clonal hematologic non-MC-lineage disease (SM-AHNMD, n=6), aggressive SM (ASM, n=3), and mast cell leukemia (MCL, n=4). Surface expression of CD203c was analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. In patients with SM, bm MC expressed significantly higher amounts of CD203c compared to normal bm MC (median MFI in controls: 260 versus median MFI in SM: 516, p<0.05). Slightly lower amounts of CD203c were detected on MC in SM-AHNMD and ASM compared to ISM. To demonstrate CD203c expression in MC at the mRNA level, neoplastic MC were highly enriched by cell sorting, and were found to express CD203c mRNA in RT-PCR analysis. Cross-linking of the IgE receptor on MC resulted in a substantial upregulation of CD203c, whereas the KIT-ligand stem cell factor (SCF) showed no significant effects. In conclusion, CD203c is a novel activation-linked surface antigen on MC that is upregulated in response to IgE receptor cross-linking and is overexpressed on neoplastic MC in patients with SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Hauswirth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Oh ST, Gotlib J. Antiangiogenic therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes: Is there a role? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2008; 3:10-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-008-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Johnson BF, Clay TM, Hobeika AC, Lyerly HK, Morse MA. Vascular endothelial growth factor and immunosuppression in cancer: current knowledge and potential for new therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:449-60. [PMID: 17373897 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.4.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two decades of research into the role of immunosuppression and angiogenesis in tumor biology have revealed multiple links between the two. Vascular endothelial growth factor, originally thought to be solely involved in vascular growth and permeability, has emerged as a significant agent of immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment. This review examines two major elements of this field: the research behind the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in immunosuppression, especially as pertains to dendritic cell function; and the subsequent research into the potential for using antiangiogenic therapy to both starve tumors by hypoxia and enhance the response of tumors to immunotherapy. Several strategies tested so far have yielded incomplete, yet promising, results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Johnson
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Box 2606, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Platzbecker U, Meredyth-Stewart M, Ehninger G. The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Cancer Treat Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Dong X, Han ZC, Yang R. Angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy in hematologic malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 62:105-18. [PMID: 17188504 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new blood capillaries from preexisting blood vessels, is tightly regulated in the adult organism. Although many of the initial studies were performed on solid tumors, increasing evidence indicates that angiogenesis also plays an important role in hematologic malignancies. Overexpression of angiogenic factors in particular VEGF and bFGF in most hematologic malignancies may explain the increased angiogenesis found in these malignancies and correlate with poor prognosis as well as decreased overall survival. In this review, we focus on the current literature of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy in hematologic malignancies, and finally describe advances and potential challenges in antiangiogenic treatment in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
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Steensma DP, Tefferi A. Blood vessels everywhere, but so few cells to fill them. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 47:377-8. [PMID: 16396758 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500464021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Keith T, Araki Y, Ohyagi M, Hasegawa M, Yamamoto K, Kurata M, Nakagawa Y, Suzuki K, Kitagawa M. A software system for syntactic analysis of the EEG. Br J Haematol 1980; 137:206-15. [PMID: 17408459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an interlocking set of programs used for syntactic analysis of the electroencephalogram. This system constitutes a basic set of programs in the Vanderbilt EEG analysis system (VEAS). The concepts underlying the methods are explained and examples of the use of the system are given. The algorithms employed for spatial, temporal and global parsing of 'EEG sentences' are presented and examples of the use of various grammatical rules are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Keith
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Aging and Developmental Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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