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Martino EA, Bruzzese A, Labanca C, Mendicino F, Lucia E, Olivito V, Stanzione G, Zimbo A, Pozzi S, Neri A, Morabito F, Vigna E, Gentile M. Investigational CXCR4 inhibitors in early phase development for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:915-924. [PMID: 39096094 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2388567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CXCR4/CXCL12 axis regulates cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as the homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from bone marrow niches to the peripheral blood. Furthermore, CXCR4 and CXCL12 are key mediators of cross-talk between hematological malignancies and their microenvironments. CXCR4 overexpression drives disease progression, boosts tumor cell survival, and promotes chemoresistance, leading to poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED In light of these discoveries, scientific investigations, and clinical trials have underscored the therapeutic promise found in small-molecule antagonists like plerixafor, peptides/peptidomimetics, such as BKT140, monoclonal antibodies like PF-06747143 and ulocuplumab, as well as microRNAs. Their efficacy is evident in reducing tumor burden, inducing apoptosis and sensitizing malignant cells to conventional chemotherapies. This overview delves into the pathogenic role of the CXC4/CXCL12 axis in hematological neoplasms and examines the clinical application of key CXCR4 antagonists. EXPERT OPINION The information collectively emphasizes the potential of CXCR4 antagonists as a therapeutic strategy for hematologic malignancies, showcasing advancements in preclinical and clinical studies. As these therapeutic strategies progress through clinical trials, their potential to reshape the prognosis of hematologic malignancies will become increasingly apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eugenio Lucia
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Stanzione
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Policlinico-S. Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Zimbo
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Biomolecolari e Genetica, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Pozzi
- Ematologia Azienda USL-IRCSS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, EmiliaRomagna, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Vigna
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Martin S, Viertl D, Janz A, Habringer S, Keller U, Schottelius M. Influence of corticosteroid treatment on CXCR4 expression in DLBCL. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 37162652 PMCID: PMC10172459 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR4-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) with [177Lu]Lu/[90Y]Y-PentixaTher has recently evolved as a promising therapeutic option for patients with advanced hematological cancers. Given their advanced disease stage, most patients scheduled for PentixaTher RLT require concomitant or bridging chemotherapy to prevent intermittent tumor progression. These (mostly combination) therapies may cause significant downregulation of tumoral CXCR4 expression, challenging the applicability of PentixaTher RLT. This study therefore aimed at investigating the influence of corticosteroids, a central component of these chemotherapies, on CXCR4 regulation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS Different DLBCL cell lines (Daudi, OCI-LY1, SUDHL-4, -5-, -6 and -8) as well as the human T-cell lymphoma cell line Jurkat were incubated with Dexamethasone (Dex; 0.5 and 5 µM, respectively) and Prednisolone (Pred; 5 and 50 µM, respectively) for different time points (2 h, 24 h). Treatment-induced modulation of cellular CXCR4 surface expression was assessed via flow cytometry (FC) and compared to untreated cells. A radioligand binding assay with [125I]CPCR4.3 was performed in parallel using the same cells. To quantify potential corticosteroid treatment effects on tumoral CXCR4 expression in vivo, OCI-LY1 bearing NSG mice were injected 50 µg Dex/mouse i.p. (daily for 6 days). Then, a biodistribution study (1 h p.i.) using [68Ga]PentixaTher was performed, and tracer biodistribution in treated (n = 5) vs untreated mice (n = 5) was compared. RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, a strongly cell line-dependent upregulation of CXCR4 was observed for both Dex and Pred treatment, with negligible differences between the high and low dose. While in Jurkat, Daudi and SUDHL-8 cells, CXCR4 expression remained unchanged, a 1.5- to 3.5-fold increase in CXCR4 cell surface expression was observed for SUDHL-5 < SUDHL-4 /-6 < OCI-LY1 via FC compared to untreated cells. This increase in CXCR4 expression was also reflected in correspondingly enhanced [125I]CPCR4.3 accumulation in treated cells, with a linear correlation between FC and radioligand binding data. In vivo, Dex treatment led to a general increase of [68Ga]PentixaTher uptake in all organs compared to untreated animals, as a result of a higher tracer concentration in blood. However, we observed an overproportionally enhanced [68Ga]PentixaTher uptake in the OCI-LY1 tumors in treated (21.0 ± 5.5%iD/g) vs untreated (9.2 ± 2.8%iD/g) mice, resulting in higher tumor-to-background ratios in the treatment group. CONCLUSION Overall, corticosteroid treatment (Dex/Pred) consistently induced an upregulation of CXCR4 expression DBLCL cells in vitro, albeit in a very cell line-dependent manner. For the cell line with the most pronounced Dex-induced CXCR4 upregulation, OCI-LY1, the in vitro findings were corroborated by an in vivo biodistribution study. This confirms that at least the corticosteroid component of stabilizing chemotherapy regimens in DLBCL patients prior to [177Lu]Lu-PentixaTher RLT does not lead to downregulation of the molecular target CXCR4 and may even have a beneficiary effect. However, further studies are needed to investigate if and to what extent the other commonly used chemotherapeutic agents affect CXCR4 expression on DLBCL to ensure the choice of an appropriate treatment regimen prior to [177Lu]Lu/[90Y]Y-PentixaTher RLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martin
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, Agora, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- AGORA, Pôle de Recherche Sur Le Cancer, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SCCL Swiss Cancer Center Leman, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Viertl
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, Agora, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- AGORA, Pôle de Recherche Sur Le Cancer, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SCCL Swiss Cancer Center Leman, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Janz
- PentixaPharm GmbH, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC), 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC), 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, Agora, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- AGORA, Pôle de Recherche Sur Le Cancer, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- SCCL Swiss Cancer Center Leman, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Serfling SE, Lapa C, Dreher N, Hartrampf PE, Rowe SP, Higuchi T, Schirbel A, Weich A, Hahner S, Fassnacht M, Buck AK, Werner RA. Impact of Tumor Burden on Normal Organ Distribution in Patients Imaged with CXCR4-Targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:659-665. [PMID: 35312939 PMCID: PMC9296404 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with solid tumors. We aimed to determine a potential correlation between tumor burden and radiotracer accumulation in normal organs.
Methods
Ninety patients with histologically proven solid cancers underwent CXCR4-targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were placed in normal organs (heart, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and kidneys) and tumor lesions. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) for normal organs were determined. For CXCR4-positive tumor burden, maximum SUV (SUVmax), tumor volume (TV), and fractional tumor activity (FTA, defined as SUVmean x TV), were calculated. We used a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) to derive correlative indices between normal organ uptake and tumor burden.
Results
Median SUVmean in unaffected organs was 5.2 for the spleen (range, 2.44 – 10.55), 3.27 for the kidneys (range, 1.52 – 17.4), followed by bone marrow (1.76, range, 0.84 – 3.98), heart (1.66, range, 0.88 – 2.89), and liver (1.28, range, 0.73 – 2.45). No significant correlation between SUVmax in tumor lesions (ρ ≤ 0.189, P ≥ 0.07), TV (ρ ≥ -0.204, P ≥ 0.06) or FTA (ρ ≥ -0.142, P ≥ 0.18) with the investigated organs was found.
Conclusions
In patients with solid tumors imaged with [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT, no relevant tumor sink effect was noted. This observation may be of relevance for therapies with radioactive and non-radioactive CXCR4-directed drugs, as with increasing tumor burden, the dose to normal organs may remain unchanged.
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Mehrpouri M. The contributory roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in normal and malignant hematopoiesis: A possible therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ullah TR. The role of CXCR4 in multiple myeloma: Cells' journey from bone marrow to beyond. J Bone Oncol 2019; 17:100253. [PMID: 31372333 PMCID: PMC6658931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a pleiotropic chemokine receptor which acts through its ligand CXCL12 to regulate diverse physiological processes. CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a pivotal role in proliferation, invasion, dissemination and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Apart from its role in homing, CXCR4 also affects MM cell mobilization and egression out of the bone marrow (BM) which is correlated with distant organ metastasis. Aberrant CXCR4 expression pattern is associated with osteoclastogenesis and tumor growth in MM through its cross talk with various important cell signalling pathways. A deeper insight into understanding of CXCR4 mediated signalling pathways and its role in MM is essential to identify potential therapeutic interventions. The current therapeutic focus is on disrupting the interaction of MM cells with its protective tumor microenvironment where CXCR4 axis plays an essential role. There are still multiple challenges that need to be overcome to target CXCR4 axis more efficiently and to identify novel combination therapies with existing strategies. This review highlights the role of CXCR4 along with its significant interacting partners as a mediator of MM pathogenesis and summarizes the targeted therapies carried out so far.
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Key Words
- AMC, Angiogenic monomuclear cells
- BM, Bone marrow
- BMSC, Bone marrow stromal cells
- CAM-DR, Cell adhesion‐mediated drug resistance
- CCR–CC, Chemokine receptor
- CCX–CKR, Chemo Centryx–chemokine receptor
- CD4, Cluster of differentiation 4
- CL—CC, Chemokine ligand
- CNS, Central nervous system
- CSCs, Cancer stem cells
- CTAP-III, Connective tissue-activating peptide-III
- CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand
- CXCR, CXC chemokine receptor
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- EMD, Extramedullary disease
- EPC, Endothelial progenitor cells
- EPI, Endogenous peptide inhibitor
- ERK, Extracellular signal related kinase
- FGF, Fibroblast growth factor
- G-CSF, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled chemokine receptors
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HD, Hodgkin's disease
- HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor
- HIF1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
- HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- HMGB1, High Mobility Group Box 1
- HPV, Human papillomavirus
- HSC, Hematopoietic stem cells
- IGF, Insulin-like growth factor
- JAK/STAT, Janus Kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription
- JAM-A, Junctional adhesion molecule-A
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- MAPK, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase
- MIF, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- MM, Multiple myeloma
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases
- MRD, Minimal residual disease
- NHL, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- OCL, Octeoclast
- OPG, Osteoprotegerin
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, Protein kinase C
- PLC, Phospholipase C
- Pim, Proviral Integrations of Moloney virus
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand
- RRMM, Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
- SFM-DR, Soluble factor mediated drug resistance
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VHL, Von Hippel-Lindau
- WHIM, Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis
- WM, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
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LPS-mediated cell surface expression of CD74 promotes the proliferation of B cells in response to MIF. Cell Signal 2018; 46:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lapa C, Lückerath K, Kircher S, Hänscheid H, Grigoleit GU, Rosenwald A, Stolzenburg A, Kropf S, Einsele H, Wester HJ, Buck AK, Kortüm KM, Schirbel A. Potential influence of concomitant chemotherapy on CXCR4 expression in receptor directed endoradiotherapy. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:440-443. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Lückerath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology; University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken (CCCMF); Würzburg Germany
| | - Heribert Hänscheid
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Götz U. Grigoleit
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology; University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken (CCCMF); Würzburg Germany
| | - Antje Stolzenburg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Andreas K. Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Klaus M. Kortüm
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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Heirani-Tabasi A, Toosi S, Mirahmadi M, Mishan MA, Bidkhori HR, Bahrami AR, Behravan J, Naderi-Meshkin H. Chemokine Receptors Expression in MSCs: Comparative Analysis in Different Sources and Passages. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:605-615. [PMID: 30603514 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MSC-based therapy is providing a cure for degenerative diseases with unmet medical need and usually iliac crest bone marrow (ICBM) are being applied in clinics. Alternative sources, including adipose tissue and reamer/irrigator/aspirator hold great potential for isolating MCSs. Here, we compared original MSCs features of adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs) and bone marrow of long-bone (RIA-MSCs) or iliac crest, and the expression of chemokine receptors (including CXCR4, CX3CR1, CXCR6, CXCR2, CCR1 and CCR7) in these three sources, which are important in the context of homing. We further investigated the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis as a key player in motility of different population of MSCs using Transwell migration assay. All cells exhibited typical MSCs characteristics. However, different MSCs sources expressed different levels of chemokine receptors. Generally, the expression of these chemokine receptors was decreased with increasing passage (P) number from 2 to 3. Interestingly, it was observed that the CXCR4 expression and migration capacity in Ad-MSCs is significantly higher than ICBM and RIA-MSCs in P2. Although our data showed that CXCR4 had highest expression in P2 Ad-MSCs, but it dramatically declined following sub-culturing in the P3. Hence, to improve homing of MSCs by means of chemokine/their receptors axis, the source of isolation and passage number should be considered for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Department of stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch Institute, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Shirin Toosi
- 2Department of Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Department of stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch Institute, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Mishan
- Department of stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch Institute, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Department of stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch Institute, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch Institute, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
- 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- 2Department of Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Department of stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch Institute, Mashhad, 917751436 Iran
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Bouyssou JMC, Ghobrial IM, Roccaro AM. Targeting SDF-1 in multiple myeloma tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:315-8. [PMID: 26655999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of B-cell malignancy that remains incurable to date. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in MM progression. The chemokine SDF-1 (CXCL12) is an important actor of the BM microenvironment that has the ability to regulate numerous processes related to its malignant transformation during MM development. The activity of SDF-1 is mainly mediated by its specific receptor CXCR4, which is expressed at the surface of MM cells and various other BM cell types. Current treatments available for MM patients mainly target tumor cells but have limited effects on the BM microenvironment. In this context, SDF-1 and CXCR4 represent ideal targets for the normalization of the MM-supportive BM microenvironment. The present review focuses on the activity of SDF-1 in the MM BM microenvironment and the current efforts carried out to target the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis for treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette M C Bouyssou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA; INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Kim HY, Moon JY, Ryu H, Choi YS, Song IC, Lee HJ, Yun HJ, Kim S, Jo DY. Bortezomib inhibits the survival and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells. Blood Res 2015; 50:87-96. [PMID: 26157778 PMCID: PMC4486164 DOI: 10.5045/br.2015.50.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bortezomib is widely used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) endow myeloma cells with survival and growth advantages. However, the influence of bortezomib on BMSCs is not well elucidated. We examined the effects of bortezomib on the survival and growth of BMSCs in vitro. METHODS The effects of bortezomib on the survival and proliferation of the BMSC MS-5 cell line and on BMSCs obtained from healthy individuals (N=4) and newly diagnosed myeloma patients (N=5) were investigated in vitro. Transmembrane cell migration was evaluated using the Transwell system. A short interfering RNA strategy was used to knock down the expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) mRNA. To examine the effects of bortezomib-exposed BMSCs on the migration and localization of myeloma cells, MS-5 monolayers were treated with bortezomib for 24 hr, washed, and then overlaid with human RPMI8226 myeloma cells. RESULTS Bortezomib inhibited BMSC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced cellular apoptosis. Bortezomib decreased CXCL12 production by BMSCs. Knockdown of CXCL12 mRNA in BMSCs revealed that CXCL12 served as an autocrine growth factor. Short-term bortezomib treatment of BMSC monolayers reduced the tendency of myeloma cells to locate to positions under the monolayers. CONCLUSION Bortezomib inhibits the survival and growth of BMSCs via downregulation of CXCL12, which may contribute to the clinical effects of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yon Kim
- Department of Drug Activity, New Drug Development Center, Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jung Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Samyong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Deog-Yeon Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Wang L, Du F, Zhang HM, Zhang WJ, Wang HX. Changes in circulating endothelial progenitor cells predict responses of multiple myeloma patients to treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:736-42. [PMID: 26108099 PMCID: PMC4541694 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Four cycles of chemotherapy are required to assess responses of multiple myeloma (MM)
patients. We investigated whether circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs)
could be a biomarker for predicting patient response in the first cycle of
chemotherapy with bortezomib and dexamethasone, so patients might avoid ineffective
and costly treatments and reduce exposure to unwanted side effects. We measured cEPCs
and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in 46 MM patients in the first cycle of
treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone, and investigated clinical relevance
based on patient response after four 21-day cycles. The mononuclear cell fraction was
analyzed for cEPC by FACS analysis, and SDF-1α was analyzed by ELISA. The study
population was divided into 3 groups according to the response to chemotherapy: good
responders (n=16), common responders (n=12), and non-responders (n=18). There were no
significant differences among these groups at baseline day 1 (P>0.05). cEPC levels
decreased slightly at day 21 (8.2±3.3 cEPCs/μL) vs day 1 (8.4±2.9
cEPCs/μL) in good responders (P>0.05). In contrast, cEPC levels increased
significantly in the other two groups (P<0.05). SDF-1α changes were closely
related to changes in cEPCs. These findings indicate that change in cEPCs at day 21
in the first cycle might be considered a noninvasive biomarker for predicting a later
response, and extent of change could help decide whether to continue this costly
chemotherapy. cEPCs and the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis are potential therapeutic targets for
improved response and outcomes in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - F Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - W J Zhang
- Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H X Wang
- Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Lv J, Xiao Q, Wang L, Liu X, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhang H, Dong P. Fucoidan prevents multiple myeloma cell escape from chemotherapy-induced drug cytotoxicity. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:257-63. [PMID: 23266733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) occurrence with some chemotherapy drugs that promote tumor cell escape is also a key factor in blood malignancy relapse. We observed that cytarabine promotes multiple myeloma (MM) cell escape and that the number of cells in the lower chamber increased with increasing clinical disease stage in in vitro model which was constructed by a Boyden chamber, matrigel glue and serum from MM patients in different disease stages. The mechanism of cytarabine that promotes MM cell escape is closely associated with the up-regulation of CXCR4. SDF-1α can up-regulate the expression of MMP9 and RHoC proteins in MM cells with up-regulated CXCR4, and further promote the cell escape. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide in the cell wall matrix of brown algae, has attracted much attention for its multiple biological activities, and we further explored the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of fucoidan on MM cell escape from cytarabine cytotoxicity. The results show that fucoidan may decrease MM cell escape from cytarabine cytotoxicity, and that fucoidan can down-regulate CXCR4, MMP9 and RHoC expression. This research provides new direction for investigating MRD occurrence and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
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13
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Oh YS, Kim HY, Song IC, Yun HJ, Jo DY, Kim S, Lee HJ. Hypoxia induces CXCR4 expression and biological activity in gastric cancer cells through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2239-46. [PMID: 23023480 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the important role of CXCR4 in cancer metastasis, microenvironmental factors that modulate CXCR4 may have an impact on the process of tumor expansion. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and a significant microenvironmental factor that drives aggressive behavior. CXCR4 is upregulated in several cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, suggesting a relationship between tumor hypoxia and CXCR4. However, the role of hypoxia in regulating CXCR4 in gastric cancer remains poorly understood. KATO III gastric cancer cells were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia. CXCR4 expression in cells transfected with shRNA specific for HIF-1α was investigated by western blotting and flow cytometry. Wound healing, migration and invasion assays were used to assess cell motility and the chemotactic response to CXCL12, a major CXCR4 ligand. CXCR4 expression at the protein level and in the cell membrane was significantly increased in KATO III cells following exposure to hypoxia. This upregulation of CXCR4 was implicated in increased cell motility and enhanced chemotactic responses (migration and invasion) to CXCL12 treatment in vitro. The increases in CXCR4 expression and metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells exposed to hypoxia were blocked by HIF-1α-specific shRNA. Our results indicate that hypoxia upregulates CXCR4 in gastric cancer cells in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, and that upregulation of CXCR4 plays a role in cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, disrupting the hypoxia-HIF-1α-CXCR4 axis could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
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14
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15
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Nair RR, Gebhard AW, Emmons MF, Hazlehurst LA. Emerging strategies for targeting cell adhesion in multiple myeloma. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 65:143-89. [PMID: 22959026 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397927-8.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological cancer involving proliferation of abnormal plasma cells that infiltrate the bone marrow (BM) and secrete monoclonal antibodies. The disease is clinically characterized by bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, and renal failure. MM is presently treated with conventional therapies like melphalan, doxorubicin, and prednisone; or novel therapies like thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib; or with procedures like autologous stem cell transplantation. Unfortunately, these therapies fail to eliminate the minimal residual disease that remains persistent within the confines of the BM of MM patients. Mounting evidence indicates that components of the BM-including extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors-provide a sanctuary for subpopulations of MM. This co-dependent development of the disease in the context of the BM not only ensures the survival and growth of the plasma cells but contributes to de novo drug resistance. In addition, by fostering homing, angiogenesis, and osteolysis, this crosstalk plays a critical role in the progression of the disease. Not surprisingly then, over the past decade, several strategies have been developed to disrupt this communication between the plasma cells and the BM components including antibodies, peptides, and inhibitors of signaling pathways. Ultimately, the goal is to use these therapies in combination with the existing antimyeloma agents in order to further reduce or abolish minimal residual disease and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh R Nair
- Molecular Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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16
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Katz BZ. Adhesion molecules--The lifelines of multiple myeloma cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:186-95. [PMID: 20416379 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. As a common presentation of the disease, the malignant plasma cells accumulate and proliferate in the bone marrow, where they disrupt normal hematopoiesis and bone physiology. Multiple myeloma cells and the bone marrow microenvironment are linked by a composite network of interactions mediated by soluble factors and adhesion molecules. Integrins and syndecan-1/CD138 are the principal multiple myeloma receptor systems of extracellular matrix components, as well as of surface molecules of stromal cells. CD44 and RHAMM are the major hyaluronan receptors of multiple myeloma cells. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is a key factor in the homing of multiple myeloma cells to the bone marrow. The levels of expression and activity of these adhesion molecules are controlled by cytoplasmic operating mechanisms, as well as by extracellular factors including enzymes, growth factors and microenvironmental conditions. Several signaling responses are activated by adhesive interactions of multiple myeloma cells, and their outcomes affect the survival, proliferation and migration of these cells, and in many cases generate a drug-resistant phenotype. Hence, the adhesion systems of multiple myeloma cells are attractive potential therapeutic targets. Several approaches are being developed to disrupt the activities of adhesion molecules in multiple myeloma cells, including small antagonist molecules, direct targeting by immunoconjugates, stimulation of immune responses against these molecules, and signal transduction inhibitors. These potential novel therapeutics may be incorporated into current treatment schemes, or directed against minimal residual malignant cells during remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Zion Katz
- Hematology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Katz BZ, Tavor S. The stromal derived factor-1\CXCR4 axis--a legitimate therapeutic target in multiple myeloma? Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:1067-8. [PMID: 19557626 DOI: 10.1080/10428190902991837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Zion Katz
- The Hematology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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