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Li X, Li W, Zhang Y, Xu L, Song Y. Exploiting the potential of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101150. [PMID: 38947742 PMCID: PMC11214299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting BCR-ABL has drastically changed the treatment approach of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), greatly prolonged the life of CML patients, and improved their prognosis. However, TKI resistance is still a major problem with CML patients, reducing the efficacy of treatment and their quality of life. TKI resistance is mainly divided into BCR-ABL-dependent and BCR-ABL-independent resistance. Now, the main clinical strategy addressing TKI resistance is to switch to newly developed TKIs. However, data have shown that these new drugs may cause serious adverse reactions and intolerance and cannot address all resistance mutations. Therefore, finding new therapeutic targets to overcome TKI resistance is crucial and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as a focus. The UPS mediates the degradation of most proteins in organisms and controls a wide range of physiological processes. In recent years, the study of UPS in hematological malignant tumors has resulted in effective treatments, such as bortezomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In CML, the components of UPS cooperate or antagonize the efficacy of TKI by directly or indirectly affecting the ubiquitination of BCR-ABL, interfering with CML-related signaling pathways, and negatively or positively affecting leukemia stem cells. Some of these molecules may help overcome TKI resistance and treat CML. In this review, the mechanism of TKI resistance is briefly described, the components of UPS are introduced, existing studies on UPS participating in TKI resistance are listed, and UPS as the therapeutic target and strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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2
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Tyrna P, Procyk G, Szeleszczuk Ł, Młynarczuk-Biały I. Different Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Proteasome Inhibitors-A Summary 20 Years after Their Introduction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8949. [PMID: 39201634 PMCID: PMC11354503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, are the first-line treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). They inhibit cytosolic protein degradation in cells, which leads to the accumulation of misfolded and malfunctioned proteins in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in cell death. Despite being a breakthrough in MM therapy, malignant cells develop resistance to PIs via different mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms drives research toward new anticancer agents to overcome PI resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action of PIs and how MM cells adapt to these drugs to develop resistance. Finally, we explore these mechanisms to present strategies to interfere with PI resistance. The strategies include new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, drug efflux inhibitors, autophagy disruption, targeting stress response mechanisms, affecting survival and cell cycle regulators, bone marrow microenvironment modulation, and immunotherapy. We list potential pharmacological targets examined in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Some of these strategies have already provided clinicians with new anti-MM medications, such as panobinostat and selinexor. We hope that further exploration of the subject will broaden the range of therapeutic options and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Tyrna
- Histology and Embryology Students’ Science Association, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Procyk
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Kumar V N, Tamilanban T. Computational therapeutic repurposing of tavaborole targeting arginase-1 for venous leg ulcer. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 111:108112. [PMID: 38843583 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) pose a growing healthcare challenge due to aging, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles. Despite various treatments available, addressing the complex nature of VLUs remains difficult. In this context, this study investigates repurposing boronated drugs to inhibit arginase 1 activity for VLU treatment. The molecular docking study conducted by Schrodinger GLIDE targeted the binuclear manganese cluster of arginase 1 enzyme (2PHO). Further, the ligand-protein complex was subjected to molecular dynamic studies at 500 ns in Gromacs-2019.4. Trajectory analysis was performed using the GROMACS simulation package of protein RMSD, RMSF, RG, SASA, and H-Bond. The docking study revealed intriguing results where the tavaborole showed a better docking score (-3.957 Kcal/mol) compared to the substrate L-arginine (-3.379 Kcal/mol) and standard L-norvaline (-3.141 Kcal/mol). Tavaborole interaction with aspartic acid ultimately suggests that the drug molecule binds to the catalytic site of arginase 1, potentially influencing the enzyme's function. The dynamics study revealed the compounds' stability and compactness of the protein throughout the simulation. The RMSD, RMSF, SASA, RG, inter and intra H-bond, PCA, FEL, and MMBSA studies affirmed the ligand-protein and protein complex flexibility, compactness, binding energy, van der waals energy, and solvation dynamics. These results revealed the stability and the interaction of the ligand with the catalytic site of arginase 1 enzyme, triggering the study towards the VLU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar V
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu - 603 203, India
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu - 603 203, India.
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4
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Withers-Martinez C, Lidumniece E, Hackett F, Collins CR, Taha Z, Blackman MJ, Jirgensons A. Peptidic Boronic Acid Plasmodium falciparum SUB1 Inhibitors with Improved Selectivity over Human Proteasome. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39051854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum subtilisin-like serine protease 1 (PfSUB1) is essential for egress of invasive merozoite forms of the parasite, rendering PfSUB1 an attractive antimalarial target. Here, we report studies aimed to improve drug-like properties of peptidic boronic acid PfSUB1 inhibitors including increased lipophilicity and selectivity over human proteasome (H20S). Structure-activity relationship investigations revealed that lipophilic P3 amino acid side chains as well as N-capping groups were well tolerated in retaining PfSUB1 inhibitory potency. At the P1 position, replacing the methyl group with a carboxyethyl substituent led to boralactone PfSUB1 inhibitors with remarkably improved selectivity over H20S. Combining lipophilic end-capping groups with the boralactone reduced the selectivity over H20S. However, compound 4c still showed >60-fold selectivity versus H20S and low nanomolar PfSUB1 inhibitory potency. Importantly, this compound inhibited the growth of a genetically modified P. falciparum line expressing reduced levels of PfSUB1 13-fold more efficiently compared to a wild-type parasite line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Hackett
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Christine R Collins
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Zahie Taha
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, U.K
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Tang W, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhong X, Liang Q, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zeng Y, Fang B, Zheng L, Niu T. Phase I study of TQB3602, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7435. [PMID: 39031941 PMCID: PMC11259557 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TQB3602 is a novel orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor. This study is the first-in-human phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of TQB3602 in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). METHODS This is a multicenter phase I clinical trial consisting of the 3+3 dose-escalation phase and dose expansion phase. Patients with MM who have received ≥2 prior antimyeloma therapies were enrolled. TQB3602 is administered at a dose of 0.5~7mg on days 1, 8, 15 in 28-day cycle. RESULTS Twenty-five RRMM patients who relapsed or failed ≥2 lines of therapies were enrolled in the dose escalation phase. Two patients in the 7.0 mg dose group developed dose-limiting toxicity events (one with grade 2 peripheral neuropathy [PN] complicated by pain and one with diarrhea and abdominal pain), leading to a maximum tolerated dose of 6.0 mg. Any-grade adverse events (AEs) occurred in 24 (96.0%) patients, while grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 13 (52.0%). The most common grade ≥3 AEs was anemia (6, 24.0%). The incidence rate of PN was 16% with no grade ≥3 PN occurred. TQB3602 was rapidly absorbed, resulting in a time-to-plasma peak concentration of 0.8-1.5 h. The mean half-life was approximately 82 h. The AUClast and Cmax were approximately 1.9 times higher on day 15 than on day 1. Among 22 response-evaluable patients, 63.7% achieved stable disease or better. CONCLUSIONS TQB3602 is well tolerated, with a favorable neurotoxicity profile, and has shown preliminary efficacy in patients with RRMM. The anticipated therapeutic dose was 6 mg and was adopted for an ongoing dose-expansion phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Tang
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xushu Zhong
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiushi Liang
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuzhang Liu
- Department of HematologyHenan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yafei Wang
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD.NanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xunqiang Wang
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD.NanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Baijun Fang
- Department of HematologyHenan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of CTC Laboratory, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Nath Varma S, Ye S, Ferlin S, Comer C, Cotton K, Niklison-Chirou MV. The Proteasome Inhibitor CEP-18770 Induces Cell Death in Medulloblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:672. [PMID: 38794334 PMCID: PMC11124782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) represent the most prevalent malignant solid tumors in kids. The conventional treatment regimen for MBs includes surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. However, this approach is associated with significant morbidity and detrimental side effects. Consequently, there is a critical demand for more precise and less harmful treatments to enhance the quality of life for survivors. CEP-18770, a novel proteasome inhibitor that targets the 20S subunit, has emerged as a promising candidate, due to its anticancer activity in metastatic solid tumors and multiple myeloma, coupled with an acceptable safety profile. In this study, we aimed to assess the anticancer efficacy of CEP-18770 by employing a variety of MB patient-derived cells and cell lines. Our preclinical investigations revealed that CEP-18770 effectively inhibits proteasome activity and induces apoptosis in MBs cells. Furthermore, we discovered that CEP-18770 and cisplatin, a current component of MB therapy, exhibit a synergistic apoptotic effect. This paper shows that CEP-18770 holds potential as an adjunctive treatment for MB tumors, thereby paving the way for more targeted and less toxic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shany Ye
- Life Sciences Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (S.Y.); (S.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Sara Ferlin
- Life Sciences Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (S.Y.); (S.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Charley Comer
- Life Sciences Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (S.Y.); (S.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Kian Cotton
- Life Sciences Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (S.Y.); (S.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Life Sciences Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (S.Y.); (S.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.)
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7
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Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Pakjoo M, Ahmadi SE, Zahedi M, Jaafari N, Khademi R, Amini A, Safa M. Interplay between proteasome inhibitors and NF-κB pathway in leukemia and lymphoma: a comprehensive review on challenges ahead of proteasome inhibitors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:105. [PMID: 38331801 PMCID: PMC10851565 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The current scientific literature has extensively explored the potential role of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in the NF-κB pathway of leukemia and lymphoma. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical component in regulating protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. PIs, such as BTZ, are used to target the 26S proteasome in hematologic malignancies, resulting in the prevention of the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins, the activation of intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent cell death, and the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor migration. Despite the successful use of PIs in various hematologic malignancies, there are limitations such as resistant to these inhibitors. Some reports suggest that PIs can induce NF-κB activation, which increases the survival of malignant cells. This article discusses the various aspects of PIs' effects on the NF-κB pathway and their limitations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Pakjoo
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- ATMP department, Breast cancer research center, Motamed cancer institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX:15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jaafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Khademi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Amini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gazzaroli G, Angeli A, Giacomini A, Ronca R. Proteasome inhibitors as anticancer agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:775-796. [PMID: 37847492 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2272648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic targeting of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) through inhibitors of the 20S proteasome core proteolytic activities has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies and is paving the way for its extension to solid tumors. AREAS COVERED This review covers the progress made in the field of proteasome inhibitors, ranging from the first-generation bortezomib to the latest second-generation inhibitors such as carfilzomib and ixazomib as well as the proteasome inhibitors in clinical phase such as oprozomib and marizomib. The development of selective and potent proteasome inhibitors with improved pharmacological properties is described from the synthesis to their basic biological, and clinical validation. EXPERT OPINION Proteasome inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies and hold great promise for cancer therapy. Combination therapies targeting multiple pathways, the development of novel inhibitors or 'hybrid-inhibitors,' and the optimization of treatment protocols are key areas for future exploration. The extension of proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors, and their ability to pass the blood-brain barrier open new possibilities for treating central nervous system cancers. However, managing adverse effects, particularly those affecting the central nervous system, remains a critical consideration and a strategic 'working on' aspect for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gazzaroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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10
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Kegyes D, Gulei D, Drula R, Cenariu D, Tigu B, Dima D, Tanase A, Badelita S, Buzoianu AD, Ciurea S, Ghiaur G, Terpos E, Ciechanover A, Einsele H, Tomuleasa C. Proteasome inhibition in combination with immunotherapies: State-of-the-Art in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2023; 61:101100. [PMID: 37291017 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder accounting for around 1.8% of all neoplastic diseases. Nowadays, clinicians have a broad arsenal of drugs at their disposal for the treatment of MM, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, CAR T-cell therapies and antibody-drug conjugates. In this paper we briefly highlight essential clinical elements relating to proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib. Studies suggest that the early use of immunotherapy may improve outcomes significantly. Therefore, in our review we specifically focus on the combination therapy of proteasome inhibitors with novel immunotherapies and/or transplant. A high number of patients develop PI resistance. Thus, we also review new generation PIs, such as marizomib, oprozomib (ONX0912) and delanzomib (CEP-18770) and their combinations with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kegyes
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Drula
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Cenariu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tanase
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Badelita
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Ciurea
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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11
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Pavlović N, Heindryckx F. Targeting ER stress in the hepatic tumor microenvironment. FEBS J 2022; 289:7163-7176. [PMID: 34331743 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It currently ranks as one of the most aggressive and deadly cancers worldwide, with an increasing mortality rate and limited treatment options. An important hallmark of liver pathologies, such as liver fibrosis and HCC, is the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which induces ER stress and leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Upon accumulation of misfolded proteins, ER stress is sensed through three transmembrane proteins, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, which trigger the UPR to either alleviate ER stress or induce apoptosis. Increased expression of ER stress markers has been widely shown to correlate with fibrosis, inflammation, drug resistance, and overall HCC aggressiveness, as well as poor patient prognosis. While preclinical in vivo cancer models and in vitro approaches have shown promising results by pharmacologically targeting ER stress mediators, the major challenge of this therapeutic strategy lies in specifically and effectively targeting ER stress in HCC. Furthermore, both ER stress inducers and inhibitors have been shown to ameliorate HCC progression, adding to the complexity of targeting ER stress players as an anticancer strategy. More studies are needed to better understand the dual role and molecular background of ER stress in HCC, as well as its therapeutic potential for patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Pavlović
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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12
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Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Proteins in Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095053. [PMID: 35563444 PMCID: PMC9105348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is an essential mechanism for enhancing the functional diversity of proteins and adjusting their signaling networks. The reversible conjugation of ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) to cellular proteins is among the most prevalent PTM, which modulates various cellular and physiological processes by altering the activity, stability, localization, trafficking, or interaction networks of its target molecules. The Ub/Ubl modification is tightly regulated as a multi-step enzymatic process by enzymes specific to this family. There is growing evidence that the dysregulation of Ub/Ubl modifications is associated with various diseases, providing new targets for drug development. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the roles and therapeutic targets of the Ub and Ubl systems in the onset and progression of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and heart diseases.
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13
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Holzer AK, Suciu I, Karreman C, Goj T, Leist M. Specific Attenuation of Purinergic Signaling during Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073734. [PMID: 35409095 PMCID: PMC8998302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral neuropathies are poorly understood, and the availability of experimental models limits further research. The PeriTox test uses immature dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-like neurons, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), to assess cell death and neurite damage. Here, we explored the suitability of matured peripheral neuron cultures for the detection of sub-cytotoxic endpoints, such as altered responses of pain-related P2X receptors. A two-step differentiation protocol, involving the transient expression of ectopic neurogenin-1 (NGN1) allowed for the generation of homogeneous cultures of sensory neurons. After >38 days of differentiation, they showed a robust response (Ca2+-signaling) to the P2X3 ligand α,β-methylene ATP. The clinical proteasome inhibitor bortezomib abolished the P2X3 signal at ≥5 nM, while 50−200 nM was required in the PeriTox test to identify neurite damage and cell death. A 24 h treatment with low nM concentrations of bortezomib led to moderate increases in resting cell intracellular Ca2+ concentration but signaling through transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) receptors or depolarization-triggered Ca2+ influx remained unaffected. We interpreted the specific attenuation of purinergic signaling as a functional cell stress response. A reorganization of tubulin to form dense structures around the cell somata confirmed a mild, non-cytotoxic stress triggered by low concentrations of bortezomib. The proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib, delanzomib, epoxomicin, and MG-132 showed similar stress responses. Thus, the model presented here may be used for the profiling of new proteasome inhibitors in regard to their side effect (neuropathy) potential, or for pharmacological studies on the attenuation of their neurotoxicity. P2X3 signaling proved useful as endpoint to assess potential neurotoxicants in peripheral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Holzer
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christiaan Karreman
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Goj
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
- CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-7531-88-5037
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14
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Revisiting Proteasome Inhibitors: Molecular Underpinnings of Their Development, Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Overcome Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072201. [PMID: 35408601 PMCID: PMC9000344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have shown relevant clinical activity in several hematological malignancies, namely in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, improving patient outcomes such as survival and quality of life, when compared with other therapies. However, initial response to the therapy is a challenge as most patients show an innate resistance to proteasome inhibitors, and those that respond to the therapy usually develop late relapses suggesting the development of acquired resistance. The mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibition are still controversial and scarce in the literature. In this review, we discuss the development of proteasome inhibitors and the mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to their activity—a major challenge in preclinical and clinical therapeutics. An improved understanding of these mechanisms is crucial to guiding the design of new and more effective drugs to tackle these devastating diseases. In addition, we provide a comprehensive overview of proteasome inhibitors used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, as this is a key strategy to combat resistance.
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15
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Sin CF, Man PHM. The Role of Proteasome Inhibitors in Treating Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Front Oncol 2022; 11:802832. [PMID: 35004327 PMCID: PMC8733464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.802832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is an aggressive haematolymphoid malignancy. The prognosis of ALL is excellent in paediatric population, however the outcome of relapse/refractory disease is dismal. Adult ALL has less favourable prognosis and relapse/refractory disease is not uncommonly encountered. Bortezomib is the first generation proteasome inhibitor licensed to treat plasma cell myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma with favourable side effect profile. Efficacy of bortezomib had been proven in other solid tumors. Clinical studies showed promising response for proteasome inhibitors in treating relapse/refractory ALL. Thus, proteasome inhibitors are attractive alternative agents for research in treating ALL. In the review article, we will introduce different proteasome inhibitors and their difference in pharmacological properties. Moreover, the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors on ALL will be highlighted. Finally, results of various clinical studies on proteasome inhibitors in both paediatric and adult ALL will be discussed. This review article provides the insights on the use of proteasome inhibitors in treating ALL with a summary of mechanism of action in ALL which facilitates future research on its use to improve the outcome of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fung Sin
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui-Hei Marcus Man
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Sinha K, Ghosh J, Sil PC. Machine Learning in Drug Metabolism Study. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:1012-1026. [PMID: 36578255 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666221227094144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reactions in the body transform the administered drug into metabolites. These metabolites exhibit diverse biological activities. Drug metabolism is the major underlying cause of drug overdose-related toxicity, adversative drug effects and the drug's reduced efficacy. Though metabolic reactions deactivate a drug, drug metabolites are often considered pivotal agents for off-target effects or toxicity. On the other side, in combination drug therapy, one drug may influence another drug's metabolism and clearance and is thus considered one of the primary causes of drug-drug interactions. Today with the advancement of machine learning, the metabolic fate of a drug candidate can be comprehensively studied throughout the drug development procedure. Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbours, Decision Trees, different Boosting and Ensemble methods, Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Network boosted Deep Learning are some machine learning algorithms which are being extensively used in such studies. Such tools are covering several attributes of drug metabolism, with an emphasis on the prediction of drug-drug interactions, drug-target-interactions, clinical drug responses, metabolite predictions, sites of metabolism, etc. These reports are crucial for evaluating metabolic stability and predicting prospective drug-drug interactions, and can help pharmaceutical companies accelerate the drug development process in a less resourcedemanding manner than what in vitro studies offer. It could also help medical practitioners to use combinatorial drug therapy in a more resourceful manner. Also, with the help of the enormous growth of deep learning, traditional fields of computational drug development like molecular interaction fields, molecular docking, quantitative structure-toactivity relationship (QSAR) studies and quantum mechanical simulations are producing results which were unimaginable couple of years back. This review provides a glimpse of a few contextually relevant machine learning algorithms and then focuses on their outcomes in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram-721507, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol-713303, India
| | - Parames Chandra Sil
- Department of Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700054, India
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17
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Liu J, Zhao R, Jiang X, Li Z, Zhang B. Progress on the Application of Bortezomib and Bortezomib-Based Nanoformulations. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010051. [PMID: 35053199 PMCID: PMC8773474 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It can bind to the amino acid residues of the 26S proteasome, thereby causing the death of tumor cells. BTZ plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Moreover, its use in the treatment of other hematological cancers and solid tumors has been investigated in numerous clinical trials and preclinical studies. Nevertheless, the applications of BTZ are limited due to its insufficient specificity, poor permeability, and low bioavailability. Therefore, in recent years, different BTZ-based drug delivery systems have been evaluated. In this review, we firstly discussed the functions of proteasome inhibitors and their mechanisms of action. Secondly, the properties of BTZ, as well as recent advances in both clinical and preclinical research, were reviewed. Finally, progress in research regarding BTZ-based nanoformulations was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-636-8462490
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18
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Killing by Degradation: Regulation of Apoptosis by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123465. [PMID: 34943974 PMCID: PMC8700063 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cell suicide process that is essential for development, tissue homeostasis and human health. Impaired apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmunity and cancer. As the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins can determine the life or death of cells, tight regulation of these proteins is critical. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is essential for maintaining protein turnover, which can either trigger or inhibit apoptosis. In this review, we will describe the E3 ligases that regulate the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and assisting proteins that regulate the levels of these E3 ligases. We will provide examples of apoptotic cell death modulations using the UPS, determined by positive and negative feedback loop reactions. Specifically, we will review how the stability of p53, Bcl-2 family members and IAPs (Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins) are regulated upon initiation of apoptosis. As increased levels of oncogenes and decreased levels of tumor suppressor proteins can promote tumorigenesis, targeting these pathways offers opportunities to develop novel anti-cancer therapies, which act by recruiting the UPS for the effective and selective killing of cancer cells.
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19
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Sharma A, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK, Najda A, Kawecka-Radomska M, Kamel M, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Pharmacological Modulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Oncogenic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111971. [PMID: 34769401 PMCID: PMC8584958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is involved in regulating several biological functions, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. It is widely known for its role in degrading abnormal protein substrates and maintaining physiological body functions via ubiquitinating enzymes (E1, E2, E3) and the proteasome. Therefore, aberrant expression in these enzymes results in an altered biological process, including transduction signaling for cell death and survival, resulting in cancer. In this review, an overview of profuse enzymes involved as a pro-oncogenic or progressive growth factor in tumors with their downstream signaling pathways has been discussed. A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in oncogenic signaling. Various in vitro, in vivo studies demonstrating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome systems in varied types of cancers and the downstream signaling pathways involved are also discussed in the current review. Several inhibitors of E1, E2, E3, deubiquitinase enzymes and proteasome have been applied for treating cancer. Some of these drugs have exhibited successful outcomes in in vivo studies on different cancer types, so clinical trials are going on for these inhibitors. This review mainly focuses on certain ubiquitin-proteasome enzymes involved in developing cancers and certain enzymes that can be targeted to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Małgorzata Kawecka-Radomska
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
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20
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Ming W, Soor HS, Liu X, Trofimova A, Yudin AK, Marder TB. α-Aminoboronates: recent advances in their preparation and synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12151-12188. [PMID: 34585200 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
α-Aminoboronic acids and their derivatives are useful as bioactive agents. Thus far, three compounds containing an α-aminoboronate motif have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as protease inhibitors, and more are currently undergoing clinical trials. In addition, α-aminoboronic acids and their derivatives have found applications in organic synthesis, e.g. as α-aminomethylation reagents for the synthesis of chiral nitrogen-containing molecules, as nucleophiles for preparing valuable vicinal amino alcohols, and as bis-nucleophiles in the construction of valuable small molecule scaffolds. This review summarizes new methodology for the preparation of α-aminoboronates, including highlights of asymmetric synthetic methods and mechanistic explanations of reactivity. Applications of α-aminoboronates as versatile synthetic building blocks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ming
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Harjeet S Soor
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alina Trofimova
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Horgan C, O' Sullivan TP. Recent Developments in the Practical Application of Novel Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2203-2234. [PMID: 34420501 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210820112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carboxylic acid is an important functional group which features in the pharmacophore of some 450 drugs. Unfortunately, some carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been withdrawn from market due to unforeseen toxicity issues. Other issues associated with the carboxylate moiety include reduced metabolic stability or limited passive diffusion across biological membranes. Medicinal chemists often turn to bioisosteres to circumvent such obstacles. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the various applications of novel carboxylic acid bioisosteres which have appeared in the literature since 2013. RESULTS We have summarised the most recent developments in carboxylic acid bioisosterism. In particular, we focus on the changes in bioactivity, selectivity or physiochemical properties brought about by these substitutions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each isostere. CONCLUSION The topics discussed herein highlight the continued interest in carboxylate bioisosteres. The development of novel carboxylic acid substitutes which display improved pharmacological profiles is testament to the innovation and creativity required to overcome the challenges faced in modern drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Horgan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork. Ireland
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22
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Choi AY, Manook M, Olaso D, Ezekian B, Park J, Freischlag K, Jackson A, Knechtle S, Kwun J. Emerging New Approaches in Desensitization: Targeted Therapies for HLA Sensitization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694763. [PMID: 34177960 PMCID: PMC8226120 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for therapeutic interventions for desensitization and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in sensitized patients with preformed or de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA). The risk of AMR and allograft loss in sensitized patients is increased due to preformed DSA detected at time of transplant or the reactivation of HLA memory after transplantation, causing acute and chronic AMR. Alternatively, de novo DSA that develops post-transplant due to inadequate immunosuppression and again may lead to acute and chronic AMR or even allograft loss. Circulating antibody, the final product of the humoral immune response, has been the primary target of desensitization and AMR treatment. However, in many cases these protocols fail to achieve efficient removal of all DSA and long-term outcomes of patients with persistent DSA are far worse when compared to non-sensitized patients. We believe that targeting multiple components of humoral immunity will lead to improved outcomes for such patients. In this review, we will briefly discuss conventional desensitization methods targeting antibody or B cell removal and then present a mechanistically designed desensitization regimen targeting plasma cells and the humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart Knechtle
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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23
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Zhong L, Li Y, Xiong L, Wang W, Wu M, Yuan T, Yang W, Tian C, Miao Z, Wang T, Yang S. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:201. [PMID: 34054126 PMCID: PMC8165101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs still face many challenges, such as a low response rate and drug resistance. To better promote the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs, we conducted a comprehensive review of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs according to the target classification. We present all the approved drugs as well as important drug candidates in clinical trials for each target, discuss the current challenges, and provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Šterman A, Košmrlj J, Žigart N, Gobec S, Sosič I, Časar Z. Catalytic Approach to Diverse α‐Aminoboronic Acid Derivatives by Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Trifluoroborate‐Iminiums. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Šterman
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Večna pot 113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nina Žigart
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d. Sandoz Development Center Slovenia Verovškova ulica 57 1526 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d. Sandoz Development Center Slovenia Verovškova ulica 57 1526 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Fogli S, Galimberti S, Gori V, Del Re M, Danesi R. Pharmacology differences among proteasome inhibitors: Implications for their use in clinical practice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105537. [PMID: 33684510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical investigation on proteasome as a druggable target in cancer has led to the development of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) with different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. For example, carfilzomib has a better safety profile and a lower risk of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions than bortezomib, whereas ixazomib can be orally administered on a weekly basis due to a very long elimination half-life and high systemic exposure. The purpose of this review article is to elucidate the quantitative and qualitative differences in potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics, safety and drug-drug interactions of clinically validated PIs to provide useful information for their clinical use in real life setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Gori
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Song R, Qiao W, He J, Huang J, Luo Y, Yang T. Proteases and Their Modulators in Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2851-2877. [PMID: 33656892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis is the process of regulating intracellular proteins to maintain the balance of the cell proteome, which is crucial for cancer cell survival. Several proteases located in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosome, and extracellular environment have been identified as potential antitumor targets because of their involvement in proteostasis. Although the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting proteases faces particular challenges, rapid advances in chemical biology and structural biology, and the new technology of drug discovery have facilitated the development of promising protease modulators. In this review, the protein structure and function of important tumor-related proteases and their inhibitors are presented. We also provide a prospective on advances and the outlook of new drug strategies that target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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van Nieuwenhuijzen N, Frunt R, May AM, Minnema MC. Therapeutic outcome of early-phase clinical trials in multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33649328 PMCID: PMC7921415 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been made due to the development of novel drugs. Patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) can be enrolled in early-phase clinical trials, but their performance across the last decade is unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis on the overall response rate (ORR) and toxicity. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for phase I and phase II trials investigating an experimental compound as a single agent or in combination with dexamethasone, published from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2020. Eighty-eight articles were included, describing 61 phase I trials involving 1835 patients and 37 phase II trials involving 2644 patients. There was a high degree of heterogeneity. Using a random-effects model, the 95% CIs of the estimated ORR were 8-17% for phase I trials and 18-28% for phase II trials. There were significant subgroup differences in ORR between the years of publication in phase I trials and between drug classes in both phase I and phase II trials. The ORR in early-phase clinical trials in RRMM is substantial, especially in phase II trials, but due to high heterogeneity a general assessment of clinical benefit before participation is difficult to offer to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rowan Frunt
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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28
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Zhang X, Meng T, Cui S, Feng L, Liu D, Pang Q, Wang P. Ubiquitination of Nonhistone Proteins in Cancer Development and Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 10:621294. [PMID: 33643919 PMCID: PMC7905169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.621294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a crucial post-translation modification, regulates the localization and stability of the substrate proteins including nonhistone proteins. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) on nonhistone proteins plays a critical role in many cellular processes such as DNA repair, transcription, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Its dysregulation induces various diseases including cancer, and the identification of this process may provide potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the regulatory roles of key UPS members on major nonhistone substrates in cancer-related processes, such as cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, inflammation, and T cell dysfunction in cancer. In addition, we also highlight novel therapeutic interventions targeting the UPS members (E1s, E2s, E3s, proteasomes, and deubiquitinating enzymes). Furthermore, we discuss the application of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy in modulating protein target levels with the aid of UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ling Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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29
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Vega-Valdez IR, Melvin N. R, José M. SQ, D. FGE, Marvin A. SU. Docking Simulations Exhibit Bortezomib and other Boron-containing Peptidomimetics as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. CURRENT CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2212796814999201102195651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background::
Treatment of the COVID19 pandemic requires drug development.
Boron- containing compounds are attractive chemical agents, some
of them act as proteases inhibitors.
Objective::
The present study explores the role of boronic moieties in molecules
interacting on the binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Methods::
Conventional docking procedure was applied by assaying boron-free
and boron-containing compounds on the recently reported crystal structure of
SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB code: 6LU7). The set of 150 ligands includes
bortezomib and inhibitors of coronavirus proteases.
Results::
Most of the tested compounds share contact with key residues and pose
on the cleavage pocket. The compounds with a boron atom in their structure are
often estimated to have higher affinity than boron-free analogues.
Conclusion::
Interactions and the affinity of boron-containing peptidomimetics
strongly suggest that boron-moieties increase affinity on the main protease,
which is tested by in vitro assays. A Bis-boron-containing compound previously
tested active on SARS-virus protease and bortezomib were identified as potent ligands.
These advances may be relevant to drug designing, in addition to testing
available boron-containing drugs in patients with COVID19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván R Vega-Valdez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosalez Melvin N.
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Santiago-Quintana José M.
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Farfán-García Eunice D.
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin A.
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
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30
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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31
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Dcona MM, Mitra K, Hartman MCT. Photocontrolled activation of small molecule cancer therapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:982-1002. [PMID: 33479692 PMCID: PMC7513389 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional treatment of the disease is comprised of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery among other treatment approaches. Chemotherapy is plagued by multiple side-effects caused due to non-specific drug action. Light-based therapies offer an alternative treatment approach that can be fine tuned to achieve the desired effect to treat the disease and address challenges posed by chemotherapeutic side-effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the light mediated treatment modalities that has been successfully applied to treat superficial malignancies with high-efficiency, although its dependence on normoxic conditions limits its efficiency to treat deep-seated tumors. On the other hand, light-sensitive drug-mimetics and drug-release platforms have been deemed efficient in preclinical settings to induce cancer cell death with minimal collateral damage. Drawing from about a decade's worth of examples, we highlight the application of photosensitive molecules as an alternative therapeutic option to PDT and describe their designs that influence the biology of the cancer cells, in turn affecting their viability with high spatio-temporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Dcona
- Department of Internal Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1201 East Marshall Street , Richmond , 23298 , Virginia , USA .
- Massey Cancer Center , 401 College St. , Richmond , 23219 , Virginia , USA
| | - Koushambi Mitra
- Massey Cancer Center , 401 College St. , Richmond , 23219 , Virginia , USA
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 W Main St , Richmond , 23284 , Virginia , USA
| | - Matthew C T Hartman
- Massey Cancer Center , 401 College St. , Richmond , 23219 , Virginia , USA
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 W Main St , Richmond , 23284 , Virginia , USA
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32
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Wang S, Zhou D, Xu Z, Song J, Qian X, Lv X, Luan J. Anti-tumor Drug Targets Analysis: Current Insight and Future Prospect. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1180-1202. [PMID: 30947670 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190402145325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors are on the rise, which has become the second leading cause of death in the world. At present, anti-tumor drugs are one of the most common methods for treating cancer. In recent years, with the in-depth study of tumor biology and related disciplines, it has been gradually discovered that the essence of cell carcinogenesis is the infinite proliferation of cells caused by the disorder of cell signal transduction pathways, followed by a major shift in the concept of anti-tumor drugs research and development. The focus of research and development is shifting from traditional cytotoxic drugs to a new generation of anti-tumor drugs targeted at abnormal signaling system targets in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the targets of anti-tumor drugs and analyse the molecular mechanisms of their effects, which lay a foundation for subsequent treatment, research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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Design and discovery of boronic acid drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 195:112270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rausch JL, Ali AA, Lee DM, Gebreyohannes YK, Mehalek KR, Agha A, Patil SS, Tolstov Y, Wellens J, Dhillon HS, Makielski KR, Debiec-Rychter M, Schöffski P, Wozniak A, Duensing A. Differential antitumor activity of compounds targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5178. [PMID: 32198455 PMCID: PMC7083865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are driven by oncogenic KIT signaling and can therefore be effectively treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib mesylate. However, most GISTs develop imatinib resistance through secondary KIT mutations. The type of resistance mutation determines sensitivity to approved second-/third-line TKIs but shows high inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target KIT independently of the mutational status are intriguing. Inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery with bortezomib is effective in GIST cells through a dual mechanism of KIT transcriptional downregulation and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic histone H2AX but clinically problematic due to the drug’s adverse effects. We therefore tested second-generation inhibitors of the 20S proteasome (delanzomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib) with better pharmacologic profiles as well as compounds targeting regulators of ubiquitination (b-AP15, MLN4924) for their effectiveness and mechanism of action in GIST. All three 20S proteasome inhibitors were highly effective in vitro and in vivo, including in imatinib-resistant models. In contrast, b-AP15 and MLN4924 were only effective at high concentrations or had mostly cytostatic effects, respectively. Our results confirm 20S proteasome inhibitors as promising strategy to overcome TKI resistance in GIST, while highlighting the complexity of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Rausch
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Areej A Ali
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna M Lee
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yemarshet K Gebreyohannes
- Departments of Oncology and General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keith R Mehalek
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aya Agha
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanis Tolstov
- Molecular Urooncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmien Wellens
- Departments of Oncology and General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harbir S Dhillon
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Departments of Oncology and General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Departments of Oncology and General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anette Duensing
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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35
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Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 48:100663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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20S Proteasome as a Drug Target in Trichomonas vaginalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00448-19. [PMID: 31451503 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00448-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease with hundreds of millions of annual cases worldwide. Approved treatment options are limited to two related nitro-heterocyclic compounds, yet resistance to these drugs is an increasing concern. New antimicrobials against the causative agent, Trichomonas vaginalis, are urgently needed. We show here that clinically approved anticancer drugs that inhibit the proteasome, a large protease complex with a critical role in degrading intracellular proteins in eukaryotes, have submicromolar activity against the parasite in vitro and on-target activity against the enriched T. vaginalis proteasome in cell-free assays. Proteomic analysis confirmed that the parasite has all seven α and seven β subunits of the eukaryotic proteasome although they have only modest sequence identities, ranging from 28 to 52%, relative to the respective human proteasome subunits. A screen of proteasome inhibitors derived from a marine natural product, carmaphycin, revealed one derivative, carmaphycin-17, with greater activity against T. vaginalis than the reference drug metronidazole, the ability to overcome metronidazole resistance, and reduced human cytotoxicity compared to that of the anticancer proteasome inhibitors. The increased selectivity of carmaphycin-17 for T. vaginalis was related to its >5-fold greater potency against the β1 and β5 catalytic subunits of the T. vaginalis proteasome than against the human proteasome subunits. In a murine model of vaginal trichomonad infection, proteasome inhibitors eliminated or significantly reduced parasite burden upon topical treatment without any apparent adverse effects. Together, these findings validate the proteasome of T. vaginalis as a therapeutic target for development of a novel class of trichomonacidal agents.
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Shaping Striated Muscles with Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Health and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:760-774. [PMID: 31235369 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For long-lived contractile cells, such as striated muscle cells, maintaining proteome integrity is a challenging task. These cells require hundreds of components that must be properly synthesized, folded, and incorporated into the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere. Muscle protein quality control in cells is mainly guaranteed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the lysosome-autophagy system, and various molecular chaperones. Recent studies establish the concept of dedicated UPS in the regulation of sarcomere assembly during development and in adult life to maintain the intricate and interwoven organization of protein complexes in muscle. Failure of sarcomere protein quality control often represents the basis of severe myopathies and cardiomyopathies in human, further highlighting its importance in producing and maintaining the contractile machinery of muscle cells in shape.
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Lee MJ, Bhattarai D, Yoo J, Miller Z, Park JE, Lee S, Lee W, Driscoll JJ, Kim KB. Development of Novel Epoxyketone-Based Proteasome Inhibitors as a Strategy To Overcome Cancer Resistance to Carfilzomib and Bortezomib. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4444-4455. [PMID: 30964987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, proteasome inhibitors (PIs), namely bortezomib, carfilzomib (Cfz) and ixazomib, have significantly improved the overall survival and quality-of-life for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, a significant portion of MM patients do not respond to PI therapies. Drug resistance is present either de novo or acquired after prolonged therapy through mechanisms that remain poorly defined. The lack of a clear understanding of clinical PI resistance has hampered the development of next-generation PI drugs to treat MM patients who no longer respond to currently available therapies. Here, we designed and synthesized novel epoxyketone-based PIs by structural modifications at the P1' site. We show that a Cfz analog, 9, harboring a hydroxyl substituent at its P1' position was highly cytotoxic against cancer cell lines displaying de novo or acquired resistance to Cfz. These results suggest that peptide epoxyketones incorporating P1'-targeting moieties may have the potential to bypass resistance mechanisms associated with Cfz and to provide additional clinical options for patients resistant to Cfz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Deepak Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Jisu Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Zach Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Sukyeong Lee
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology and University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute , Cincinnati , Ohio 45267 , United States
| | - Kyung Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
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39
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The impact of NF-κB signaling on pathogenesis and current treatment strategies in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2019; 34:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Pharm Res 2019; 36:35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Proteasome Inhibition in Multiple Myeloma: Head-to-Head Comparison of Currently Available Proteasome Inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:340-351.e3. [PMID: 30612952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are a backbone of multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. The proteasome harbors six proteolytically active subunits (β1, β2, β5), while β5 was identified as rate-limiting and is a primary target of clinically available PIs. The most effective pattern of subunit inhibition provided by these PIs for cytotoxic activity in MM is unknown. A head-to-head comparison of clinically available PIs shows that in the clinically relevant setting only the co-inhibition of β1 or β2 with β5 activity achieves meaningful functional proteasome inhibition and cytotoxicity, while the selective β2/β5 inhibition of both constitutive and immunoproteasome is the most cytotoxic. In the long-term setting, selective inhibition of β5 subunit is sufficient to induce cytotoxicity in PI-sensitive, but not in PI-resistant MM, and the β5/β2 co-inhibition is the most cytotoxic in PI-resistant MM. These results give a rational basis for selecting individual PIs for the treatment of MM.
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Heckmann MB, Doroudgar S, Katus HA, Lehmann LH. Cardiovascular adverse events in multiple myeloma patients. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S4296-S4305. [PMID: 30701098 PMCID: PMC6328391 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease, caused by an uncontrolled clonal proliferation of a specific group of white blood cells, the plasma cells. Clinical manifestations include bone pain due to osteolysis, hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal insufficiency. Proteasome inhibitors have substantially improved survival of patients suffering from multiple myeloma, providing an efficient treatment option mainly for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Although constituting one substance class, bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib differ greatly regarding their non-hematologic side effects. This article reviews the clinical and preclinical data on approved proteasome inhibitors in an attempt to decipher the underlying pathomechanisms related to cardiovascular adverse events seen in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B. Heckmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Okazuka K, Ishida T. Proteasome inhibitors for multiple myeloma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:785-793. [PMID: 30102324 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma have dramatically changed in the last two decades, especially after the introduction of proteasome inhibitors. The first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2003. Since then, it has been a backbone therapy for not only relapsed or refractory myeloma patients but also newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors, such as carfilzomib and ixazomib, have been approved, and three proteasome inhibitors were incorporated into several regimens with other cytotoxic agents, such as alkylating agents, immunomodulatory drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Because each proteasome inhibitor shows different properties with respect to adverse events, understanding and managing each adverse event of proteasome inhibitors are necessary for the continuation of therapy with minimal interruption of treatment. This review summarizes the recent advances in proteasome inhibitors used in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Okazuka
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Park JE, Miller Z, Jun Y, Lee W, Kim KB. Next-generation proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy. Transl Res 2018; 198:1-16. [PMID: 29654740 PMCID: PMC6151281 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 2 decades ago, the proteasome was considered a risky or even untenable therapeutic target. Today, proteasome inhibitors are a mainstay in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and have sales in excess of 3 billion US dollars annually. More importantly, the availability of proteasome inhibitors has greatly improved the survival and quality of life for patients with MM. Despite the remarkable success of proteasome inhibitor therapies to date, the potential for improvement remains, and the development and optimal use of proteasome inhibitors as anticancer agents continues to be an active area of research. In this review, we briefly discuss the features and limitations of the 3 proteasome inhibitor drugs currently used in the clinic and provide an update on current efforts to develop next-generation proteasome inhibitors with the potential to overcome the limitations of existing proteasome inhibitor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yearin Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Zhang W, Bai H, Han L, Zhang H, Xu B, Cui J, Wang X, Ge Z, Li R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin derivatives modified with α-amino boronic acid as proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2459-2464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abramson HN. The Multiple Myeloma Drug Pipeline-2018: A Review of Small Molecules and Their Therapeutic Targets. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:611-627. [PMID: 30001985 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a neoplasm of plasma cells, formerly dependent on alkylating drugs, corticosteroids, and autologous stem cell transplantation, has changed dramatically in the past 20 years because 3 new classes of small molecule drugs (arbitrarily defined as having a molecular weight of < 900 kDa)-immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, and histone deacetylase blockers-have been introduced for the disease. Therapeutic options for MM expanded further in 2015 when 2 new monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab and elotuzumab) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration for MM. Although MM remains incurable, the cumulative effect of these advances has resulted in a near-doubling of the 5-year survival rate since the late 1980s. Despite these advances, therapy for MM continues to pose substantial challenges because resistance to therapy frequently develops, and relapse and recurrence are all too common. The present review focused on the pipeline for new small molecules in various stages of development and their associated cellular targets. In addition to newer versions of alkylators, immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, the present review considered the prospects for adding new classes of small molecules to the MM armamentarium, which offer the potential for oral efficacy, relative simplicity of preparation, and prospects for improvement in the cost-to-benefit ratio. Included are agents that affect myeloma epigenetics and the ubiquitination-proteasome system and the unfolded protein response, apoptotic mechanisms, chromosomal abnormalities, nuclear protein transport, and various kinases involved in cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
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47
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Gupta I, Singh K, Varshney NK, Khan S. Delineating Crosstalk Mechanisms of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System That Regulate Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:11. [PMID: 29479529 PMCID: PMC5811474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory functions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are exercised mainly by the ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Degradation of apoptotic proteins by UPS is central to the maintenance of cell health, and deregulation of this process is associated with several diseases including tumors, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammation. Therefore, it is the view that interrogating protein turnover in cells can offer a strategy for delineating disease-causing mechanistic perturbations and facilitate identification of drug targets. In this review, we are summarizing an overview to elucidate the updated knowledge on the molecular interplay between the apoptosis and UPS pathways. We have condensed around 100 enzymes of UPS machinery from the literature that ubiquitinates or deubiquitinates the apoptotic proteins and regulates the cell fate. We have also provided a detailed insight into how the UPS proteins are able to fine-tune the intrinsic, extrinsic, and p53-mediated apoptotic pathways to regulate cell survival or cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of UPS players as a drug target for cancer and other human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Structural Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Kanika Singh
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Nishant K Varshney
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Sameena Khan
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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48
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Daniels BE, Stivala CE. A solid-phase approach for the synthesis of α-aminoboronic acid peptides. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3343-3347. [PMID: 35541192 PMCID: PMC9077542 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13479g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A solid-phase synthesis of α-aminoboronic acid peptides using a 1-glycerol polystyrene resin is described.
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49
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Ettari R, Zappalà M, Grasso S, Musolino C, Innao V, Allegra A. Immunoproteasome-selective and non-selective inhibitors: A promising approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 182:176-192. [PMID: 28911826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major non-lysosomal proteolytic system for the degradation of abnormal or damaged proteins no longer required. The proteasome is involved in degradation of numerous proteins which regulate the cell cycle, indicating a role in controlling cell proliferation and maintaining cell survival. Defects in the UPS can lead to anarchic cell proliferation and to tumor development. For these reasons UPS inhibition has become a significant new strategy for drug development in cancer treatment. In addition to the constitutive proteasome, which is expressed in all cells and tissues, higher organisms such as vertebrates possess two immune-type proteasomes, the thymoproteasome and the immunoproteasome. The thymoproteasome is specifically expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells and has a role in positive selection of CD8+ T cells, whereas the immunoproteasome is predominantly expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes and is responsible for the generation of antigenic peptides for cell-mediated immunity. Recent studies demonstrated that the immunoproteasome has a preservative role during oxidative stress and is up-regulated in a number of pathological disorders including cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As a consequence, immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors are currently the focus of anticancer drug design. At present, the commercially available proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib which have been validated in multiple myeloma and other model systems, appear to target both the constitutive and immunoproteasomes, indiscriminately. This lack of specificity may, in part, explain some of the side effects of these agents, such as peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal effects, which may be due to targeting of the constitutive proteasome in these tissues. In contrast, by selectively inhibiting the immunoproteasome, it may be possible to maintain the antimyeloma and antilymphoma efficacy while reducing these toxicities, thereby increasing the therapeutic index. This review article will be focused on the discussion of the most promising immunoproteasome specific inhibitors which have been developed in recent years. Particular attention will be devoted to the description of their mechanism of action, their structure-activity relationship, and their potential application in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy.
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