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Ruparelia AA, Salavaty A, Barlow CK, Lu Y, Sonntag C, Hersey L, Eramo MJ, Krug J, Reuter H, Schittenhelm RB, Ramialison M, Cox A, Ryan MT, Creek DJ, Englert C, Currie PD. The African killifish: A short-lived vertebrate model to study the biology of sarcopenia and longevity. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13862. [PMID: 37183563 PMCID: PMC10776123 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle function, places a considerable burden on health-care systems. While the stereotypic hallmarks of sarcopenia are well characterized, their contribution to muscle wasting remains elusive, which is partly due to the limited availability of animal models. Here, we have performed cellular and molecular characterization of skeletal muscle from the African killifish-an extremely short-lived vertebrate-revealing that while many characteristics deteriorate with increasing age, supporting the use of killifish as a model for sarcopenia research, some features surprisingly reverse to an "early-life" state in the extremely old stages. This suggests that in extremely old animals, there may be mechanisms that prevent further deterioration of skeletal muscle, contributing to an extension of life span. In line with this, we report a reduction in mortality rates in extremely old killifish. To identify mechanisms for this phenomenon, we used a systems metabolomics approach, which revealed that during aging there is a striking depletion of triglycerides, mimicking a state of calorie restriction. This results in the activation of mitohormesis, increasing Sirt1 levels, which improves lipid metabolism and maintains nutrient homeostasis in extremely old animals. Pharmacological induction of Sirt1 in aged animals was sufficient to induce a late life-like metabolic profile, supporting its role in life span extension in vertebrate populations that are naturally long-lived. Collectively, our results demonstrate that killifish are not only a novel model to study the biological processes that govern sarcopenia, but they also provide a unique vertebrate system to dissect the regulation of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika A. Ruparelia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Adrian Salavaty
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Christopher K. Barlow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics FacilityMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Yansong Lu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Carmen Sonntag
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Lucy Hersey
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Eramo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Johannes Krug
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Hanna Reuter
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics FacilityMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Andrew Cox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Darren J. Creek
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics FacilityMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash UniversityParkvilleAustralia
| | - Christoph Englert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian NodeMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
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Bari KA, Berg MD, Genereaux J, Brandl CJ, Lajoie P. Tra1 controls the transcriptional landscape of the aging cell. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6782959. [PMID: 36315064 PMCID: PMC9836359 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression undergoes considerable changes during the aging process. The mechanisms regulating the transcriptional response to cellular aging remain poorly understood. Here, we employ the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to better understand how organisms adapt their transcriptome to promote longevity. Chronological lifespan assays in yeast measure the survival of nondividing cells at stationary phase over time, providing insights into the aging process of postmitotic cells. Tra1 is an essential component of both the yeast Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase/Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase-like and nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4 complexes, where it recruits these complexes to acetylate histones at targeted promoters. Importantly, Tra1 regulates the transcriptional response to multiple stresses. To evaluate the role of Tra1 in chronological aging, we took advantage of a previously characterized mutant allele that carries mutations in the TRA1 PI3K domain (tra1Q3). We found that loss of functions associated with tra1Q3 sensitizes cells to growth media acidification and shortens lifespan. Transcriptional profiling reveals that genes differentially regulated by Tra1 during the aging process are enriched for components of the response to stress. Notably, expression of catalases (CTA1, CTT1) involved in hydrogen peroxide detoxification decreases in chronologically aged tra1Q3 cells. Consequently, they display increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. tra1Q3 cells are unable to grow on glycerol indicating a defect in mitochondria function. Aged tra1Q3 cells also display reduced expression of peroxisomal genes, exhibit decreased numbers of peroxisomes, and cannot grow on media containing oleate. Thus, Tra1 emerges as an important regulator of longevity in yeast via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleda Afrin Bari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Matthew D Berg
- Present address for Matthew D Berg: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christopher J Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Corresponding author: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Kokoreva AS, Isakova EP, Tereshina VM, Klein OI, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. The Effect of Different Substrates on the Morphological Features and Polyols Production of Endomyces magnusii Yeast during Long-Lasting Cultivation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091709. [PMID: 36144311 PMCID: PMC9506286 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study on the influence of different glucose concentrations (2%, 0.5%, and 0.2%) and glycerol (1%) on the morphological and physiological features, as well as the composition of soluble carbohydrates, was performed using Endomyces magnusii yeast. Two-factor analysis of variance with repetitions to process the data of the cell size changes showed that the substrate type affected cell size the most. The cells with 2% glucose were 30–35% larger than those growing on glycerol. The decrease in the initial glucose concentration up to 0.5–0.2% slightly changed the cell length. However, even in the logarithmic growth phase pseudo-mycelium of two to four cells appeared in the cultures when using low glucose, unlike those using glycerol. Throughout the whole experiment, more than 90% of the populations remained viable on all of the substrates tested. The ability for colony formation decreased during aging. Nevertheless, at the three-week stage, upon substrate restriction (0.2% glucose), it was twice higher than those under the other conditions. The respiration rate also decreased and exceeded not more than 10% of that in the logarithmic phase. By the end of the experiment, the cyanide-sensitive respiration share decreased up to 40% for all types of substrates. The study of soluble cytosol carbohydrates showed that the cultures using 2% glucose and 1% glycerol contained mainly arabitol and mannitol, while at low glucose concentrations they were substituted for inositol. The formation of inositol is supposed to be related to pseudo-mycelium formation. The role of calorie restriction in the regulation of carbohydrate synthesis and the composition in the yeast and its biotechnological application is under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S. Kokoreva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena P. Isakova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-954-4008
| | - Vera M. Tereshina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 60-Letiya Oktyabrya, 7/2, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I. Klein
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya N. Gessler
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia I. Deryabina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Gregor A, Pignitter M, Trajanoski S, Auernigg-Haselmaier S, Somoza V, König J, Duszka K. Microbial contribution to the caloric restriction-triggered regulation of the intestinal levels of glutathione transferases, taurine, and bile acid. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1992236. [PMID: 34693866 PMCID: PMC8547879 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1992236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that caloric restriction (CR) triggers an increase in the levels of free taurine, taurine-conjugated bile acids (BA), and other taurine conjugates in intestinal mucosa while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels in wild-type male mice. In the current project, we decided to investigate whether the microbiota is involved in the response to CR by depleting gut bacteria. The antibiotics treatment diminished CR-specific increase in the levels of free taurine and its conjugates as well as upregulated expression and activity of GSH transferases (GST) in the intestinal mucosa. Further, it diminished a CR-related increase in BAs levels in the liver, plasma, and intestinal mucosa. Transplant of microbiota from CR mice to ad libitum fed mice triggered CR-like changes in MGST1 expression, levels of taurine and taurine conjugates in the mucosa of the ileum. We show for the first time, that microbiota contributes to the intestinal response to CR-triggered changes in BA, taurine, and GST levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Leibniz-Institut for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CONTACT Kalina Duszka Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Khaira H, Lunelli T, Singh H, Guillemin GJ, Fernando B, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN. Therapeutic Potential of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113744. [PMID: 34836000 PMCID: PMC8617978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bioactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Urolithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Aβ, and pro-mitophagy properties are increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms of urolithin A in inducing mitophagy is poorly understood. This review discusses the mitophagy deficits in AD and examines potential molecular mechanisms of its activation. Moreover, the current knowledge of urolithin A is discussed, focusing on its neuroprotective properties and its potential to induce mitophagy. Specifically, this review proposes potential mechanisms by which urolithin A may activate and promote mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Harjot Khaira
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Taciana Lunelli
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9347-4200
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Luo G, Sun L, Li H, Chen J, He P, Zhao L, Tang W, Qiu H. The potent radioprotective agents: Novel nitronyl nitroxide radical spin-labeled resveratrol derivatives. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105053. [PMID: 34610355 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly known that radiotherapy is still a key modality for treatment of cancer. Though this effect is desirable during radiotherapy, it leads to radiotoxicity on normal healthy cells. In the present research, we designed, synthesized and analyzed a series of nitronyl nitroxide radical (NITR) spin-labeled resveratrol (RES) derivatives. The cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized substances was tested on Jurkat T cells. The derivatives were studied as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger to protect ionizing radiation of Jurkat T cells upon 6 Gy X-irradiation. The experimental results revealed that compound 2 and 3 could significantly alleviate the damage of Jurkat T cells, as evidenced by decreasing ROS production and restoring the cell apoptosis. Further mechanism investigations indicated that the radioprotective effects of the novel derivatives were largely associated with modulating the expression of apoptotic proteins including cIAP-1, cIAP-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Based on the experimental result, we disclosed that the novel NITR spin-labeled RES derivatives exhibit the potential to be used as the novel radioprotective candidates to ameliorate the injury induced by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lanlan Sun
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Peilan He
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Gregor A, Pignitter M, Fahrngruber C, Bayer S, Somoza V, König J, Duszka K. Caloric restriction increases levels of taurine in the intestine and stimulates taurine uptake by conjugation to glutathione. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108781. [PMID: 34022385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated increased levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids (BA) in the intestine content of mice submitted to caloric restriction (CR). In the current project, we found increased levels of free taurine and taurine conjugates, including glutathione (GSH)-taurine, in CR compared to ad libitum fed animals in the mucosa along the intestine but not in the liver. The levels of free GSH were decreased in the intestine of CR compared to ad libitum fed mice. However, the levels of oxidized GSH were not affected and were complemented by the lack of changes in the antioxidative parameters. Glutathione-S transferases (GST) enzymatic activity was increased as was the expression of GST genes along the gastrointestinal tract of CR mice. In the CR intestine, addition of GSH to taurine solution enhanced taurine uptake. Accordingly, the expression of taurine transporter (TauT) was increased in the ileum of CR animals and the levels of free and BA-conjugated taurine were lower in the feces of CR compared to ad libitum fed mice. Fittingly, BA- and GSH-conjugated taurine levels were increased in the plasma of CR mice, however, free taurine remained unaffected. We conclude that CR-triggered production and release of taurine-conjugated BA in the intestine results in increased levels of free taurine what stimulates GST to conjugate and enhance uptake of taurine from the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian Bayer
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Leibniz-Institut for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Luo ZB, Xuan MF, Han SZ, Li ZY, Khan N, Quan BH, Yin XJ, Kang JD. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects porcine oocytes against methylglyoxal damage thus it improves the quality of parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:586-597. [PMID: 33236476 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng, a functional food, has been widely used as an edible nourishment and medicinal supplement. Ginsenoside Rb1 is a major bioactive ingredient of ginseng, which shows very specific anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidant activities. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is one of intermediate products of glucose metabolism, which is absorbed easily from high sugar foods or carbonated beverages. It may involve in a variety of detrimental processes in vivo. However, it has not been fully explored the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on MGO-induced oocytes damage. This study found that MGO-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction result in the failure of porcine oocytes maturation and low in vitro development capacity of parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. Conversely, Rb1 supplementation recovered the rate of maturation, and improved in vitro development capacity of PA and IVF embryos. Rb1 also provided porcine oocytes a lower level of reactive oxygen species production, higher level of ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential, and stimulated pluripotency gene expression in blastocysts. The findings of this study reveal ginsenoside Rb1 protects porcine oocyte from the cytotoxicity effects of methylglyoxal and provides novel perspectives for the protection of reproduction system by functional food of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Nasar Khan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Biao-Hu Quan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
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Sinha A, Pick E. Fluorescence Detection of Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the Diauxic Shift. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2202:81-91. [PMID: 32857348 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0896-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative organism that is able to utilize both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism, depending on the composition of carbon source in the growth medium. When glucose is abundant, yeast catabolizes it to ethanol and other by-products by anaerobic fermentation through the glycolysis pathway. Following glucose exhaustion, cells switch to oxygenic respiration (a.k.a. "diauxic shift"), which allows catabolizing ethanol and the other carbon compounds via the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. The diauxic shift is accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and is characterized by activation of ROS defense mechanisms. Traditional measurement of the diauxic shift is done through measuring optical density of cultures grown in a batch at intermediate time points and generating a typical growth curve or by estimating the reduction of glucose and accumulation of ethanol in growth media over time. In this manuscript, we describe a method for determining changes in ROS levels upon yeast growth, using carboxy-H(2)-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H(2)-DCFDA). H2-DCFDA is a widely used fluorescent dye for measuring intracellular ROS levels. H2-DCFDA enables a direct measurement of ROS in yeast cells at intermediate time points. The outcome of H2-DCFDA fluorescent readout measurements correlates with the growth curve information, hence providing a clear understanding of the diauxic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, Israel
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Vivekand University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Elah Pick
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, Israel.
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Bharadwaj P, Garg M, Verdile G, Guillemin GJ, Martins RN. Targeting Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1273-1297. [PMID: 33285629 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform many essential cellular functions including energy production, calcium homeostasis, transduction of metabolic and stress signals, and mediating cell survival and death. Maintaining viable populations of mitochondria is therefore critical for normal cell function. The selective disposal of damaged mitochondria, by a pathway known as mitophagy, plays a key role in preserving mitochondrial integrity and quality. Mitophagy reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species and is considered as a protective cellular process. Mitochondrial dysfunction and deficits of mitophagy have important roles in aging and especially in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting mitophagy pathways has been suggested to have potential therapeutic effects against AD. In this review, we aim to briefly discuss the emerging concepts on mitophagy, molecular regulation of the mitophagy process, current mitophagy detection methods, and mitophagy dysfunction in AD. Finally, we will also briefly examine the stimulation of mitophagy as an approach for attenuating neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona P W Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Manohar Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Luo ZB, Rahman SU, Xuan MF, Han SZ, Li ZY, Yin XJ, Kang JD. The protective role of ginsenoside compound K in porcine oocyte meiotic maturation failed caused by benzo(a)pyrene during in vitro maturation. Theriogenology 2020; 157:96-109. [PMID: 32810794 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a pollutant and carcinogen derived from air pollution. It causes serious damage to reproductive system, especially ovary. Ginseng is always used in food and traditional medicine as a nutraceuticals or herbal medicine. Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a major bioactive ingredient of ginseng, that shows very specific anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and thus, it protects cells from damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CK on the BaP-induced inhibition of the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and their subsequent embryonic development capacity. We found that supplementation with 10 μg mL-1 CK during in vitro maturation significantly increased maturation rate (P < 0.05) and the expression level of related genes after damage induced by 40 μM BaP treatment. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels significantly decreased and ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) increased after CK supplementation (P < 0.05). The competence for embryonic development was improved by the induction of pluripotency gene expression and the inhibition of apoptosis after CK supplementation of BaP-treated oocytes. Supplementation with 10 μg mL-1 CK improved porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development of parthenogenetic activation (33.01 vs. 20.92, P < 0.05) and in vitro fertilization (24.01 vs. 16.52, P < 0.05) by increasing antioxidant activity and improving mitochondrial function after BaP-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
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12
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Alugoju P, Periyasamy L, Dyavaiah M. Protective effect of quercetin in combination with caloric restriction against oxidative stress-induced cell death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:272-279. [PMID: 32394448 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of antioxidant enzymes activities has been well reported in several human diseases. Effective anti-ageing strategies involving antioxidant supplementation and/or caloric restriction (CR) are receiving a great attention to mitigate free radical-mediated oxidative damage in several disease conditions to improve active longevity. Therefore, in this work, we have evaluated the protective effect of quercetin under non restriction (NR) and CR conditions on the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains (sod1∆, sod2∆, cta1∆, ctt1∆, tsa1∆ and glr1∆) deficient in antioxidant defence systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, thioredoxin peroxidase and glutathione reductase) against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that quercetin in combination with CR has strongly reduced the H2 O2 -mediated stress in the yeast mutant cells compared to NR conditions. Furthermore, we show that quercetin in combination with CR enhanced the percentage viability of yeast cells during chronological ageing. Our research findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation in combination with CR might have potent beneficial effects than individual therapies against free radical-mediated oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defense systems in our body. Supplementation with exogenous antioxidants is necessary to neutralize the free radical mediated damage. Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring plant compounds with strong free radical-scavenging activity and exhibits potent anti-aging property by mitigating oxidative stress. On the other hand, caloric restriction (CR) has been reported to be a popular leading anti-aging approach to ameliorate age-associate macromolecular damages in various chronic human diseases. Evaluation of protective effects of antioxidant supplementation in combination with CR against free radical mediated oxidative stress is pivotal for the development of novel anti-aging strategies to improve active longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alugoju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - L Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - M Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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13
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Guo Q, Xuan MF, Luo ZB, Wang JX, Jin SS, Yin XJ, Kang JD. Baicalin improves IVM of pig oocytes and subsequent preimplantation embryo development by inhibiting apoptosis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:983-992. [PMID: 30819322 DOI: 10.1071/rd18333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, a monomer of flavonoids extracted from dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, is used to treat female infertility. However, the effect of baicalin on oocyte maturation is unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of baicalin on the IVM of pig oocytes and subsequent embryo development following parthenogenetic activation (PA). We found that 0.1µgmL-1 baicalin significantly (P<0.05) increased the IVM rate of oocytes compared with the non-treatment (control) group by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the mRNA expression of genes related to nuclear maturation and cumulus cell expansion, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in baicalin-treated than control oocytes. To determine whether baicalin treatment during IVM of pig oocytes improves subsequent development of PA embryos, we measured the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, as well as the number of cells per blastocyst. All these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the baicalin-treated than control group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that baicalin improves pig oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development invitro by inhibiting production of ROS and reducing apoptosis in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Song-Shan Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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14
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Hyun DH. Plasma membrane redox enzymes: new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:436-445. [PMID: 30919268 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress appears at early stages of aging and age-related diseases. Plasma membrane redox enzymes act in a compensatory manner to decrease oxidative stress and supply reductive capacity to ensure cell survival. Plasma membrane redox enzymes transfer electrons from NAD(P)H to oxidized ubiquinone and α-tocopherol, resulting in inhibition of further oxidative damage. Plasma membrane redox enzymes and their partners are affected by aging, leading to progression of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Up-regulating plasma membrane redox enzymes via calorie restriction and phytochemicals make cells more resistant to oxidative damage under stress conditions by maintaining redox homeostasis and improving mitochondrial function. Investigation into plasma membrane redox enzymes can provide mechanistic details underlying the relationships between plasma membrane redox enzymes and mitochondrial complexes and provide a good therapeutic target for prevention and delay of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Hyun
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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15
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Rubovitch V, Pharayra A, Har-Even M, Dvir O, Mattson MP, Pick CG. Dietary Energy Restriction Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:613-621. [PMID: 30734244 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young people. It was previously reported that dietary restriction, by either intermittent fasting (IF) or daily caloric restriction (CR), could protect neurons against dysfunction and degeneration in animal models of stroke and Parkinson's disease. Recently, several studies have shown that the protein Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a significant role in the induced neuroprotection following dietary restriction. In the present study, we found a significant reduction of SIRT1 levels in the cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of mild weight-drop closed head TBI. This reduction was prevented in mice maintained on IF (alternate day fasting) and CR initiated after the head trauma. Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory (measured using a novel object recognition test) was impaired 30 days post-injury in mice fed ad libitum, but not in mice in the IF and CR groups. These results suggest a clinical potential for IF and/or CR as an intervention to reduce brain damage and improve functional outcome in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - A Pharayra
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Har-Even
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - O Dvir
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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16
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Li S, Guo Q, Wang YM, Li ZY, Kang JD, Yin XJ, Zheng X. Glycine treatment enhances developmental potential of porcine oocytes and early embryos by inhibiting apoptosis. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2427-2437. [PMID: 29762687 PMCID: PMC6095358 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine, a component of glutathione (GSH), plays an important role in protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of glycine on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and their developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation (PA). We examined nuclear maturation, ROS levels, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and ATP concentration, as well as the expression of several genes related to oocyte maturation and development. Our studies found that treatment with glycine in IVM culture medium increased nuclear maturation rate, but varying the concentrations of glycine (0.6, 6, or 12 mM) had no significant effect. Furthermore, 6 mM glycine supported greater blastocyst formation rates and lesser apoptosis after PA than the other concentrations (P < 0.05). All the glycine treatment groups had decreased levels of ROS in both matured oocytes and at the 2-cell stage (P < 0.05). At the 2-cell stage, the 6 mM glycine group had ROS levels that were lesser than the other 2 glycine treatment groups (0.6 and 12 mM). From this, we deemed 6 mM to be the optimal condition, and we then investigated the effects of 6 mM glycine on gene expression. The expression of both FGFR2 and Hsf1 were greater than the control group in mature oocytes. The glycine treatment group had greater levels of expression of an antiapoptotic gene (Bcl2) in mature oocytes and cumulus cells and lesser levels of expression of a proapoptotic gene (Bax) in PA blastocysts (P < 0.05). In addition, mitochondrial ΔΨm and ATP concentration were increased in 6 mM glycine group compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that glycine plays an important role in oocyte maturation and later development by reducing ROS levels and increasing mitochondrial function to reduce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi-Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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17
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Yang F, Li HZ, Hou WQ. Endurance exercise prevents high-fat-diet induced heart and mobility premature aging and dsir2 expression decline in aging Drosophila. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7298-7311. [PMID: 29484111 PMCID: PMC5800903 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-Fat-Diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major contributor to heart and mobility premature aging and mortality in both Drosophila and humans. The dSir2 genes are closely related to aging, but there are few directed reports showing that whether HFD could inhibit the expression dSir2 genes. Endurance exercise can prevent fat accumulation and reverse HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction. Endurance also delays age-relate functional decline. It is unclear whether lifetime endurance exercise can combat lifetime HFD-induced heart and mobility premature aging, and relieve the harmful HFD-induced influence on the dSir2 gene and lifespan yet. In this study, flies are fed a HFD and trained from when they are 1 week old until they are 5 weeks old. Then, triacylglycerol levels, climbing index, cardiac function, lifespan, and dSir2 mRNA expressions are measured. We show that endurance exercise improves climbing capacity, cardiac contraction, and dSir2 expression, and it reduces body and heart triacylglycerol levels, heart fibrillation, and mortality in both HFD and aging flies. So, lifelong endurance exercise delays HFD-induced accelerated age-related locomotor impairment, cardiac dysfunction, death, and dSir2 expression decline, and prevents HFD-induced premature aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Han-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-invasive neuroimaging methods have been developed as powerful tools for identifying in vivo brain functions for studies in humans and animals. Here we review the imaging biomarkers that are being used to determine the changes within brain metabolic and vascular functions induced by caloric restriction (CR), and their potential usefulness for future studies with dietary interventions in humans. RECENT FINDINGS CR causes an early shift in brain metabolism of glucose to ketone bodies, and enhances ATP production, neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF). With age, CR preserves mitochondrial activity, neurotransmission, CBF, and spatial memory. CR also reduces anxiety in aging mice. Neuroimaging studies in humans show that CR restores abnormal brain activity in the amygdala of women with obesity and enhances brain connectivity in old adults. SUMMARY Neuroimaging methods have excellent translational values and can be widely applied in future studies to identify dietary effects on brain functions in humans.
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19
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Jin JX, Lee S, Khoirinaya C, Oh A, Kim GA, Lee BC. Supplementation with spermine during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes improves early embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:963-70. [PMID: 27065258 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermine plays an important role in protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells, but there are few studies on the effects of spermine on porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of spermine on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and their developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We evaluated nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione (GSH), and ROS levels in oocytes, and their subsequent embryonic development, as well as gene expression in mature oocytes, cumulus cells, and PA blastocysts. After treatment with various concentrations of spermine in IVM culture medium, there was no significant difference in nuclear maturation rate. However, spermine treatment groups (10- 500 µM) showed significantly increased intracellular GSH levels and decreased ROS levels compared to the control ( < 0.05). Furthermore, 10 µM spermine supported significantly higher blastocyst formation rates after PA than the control group ( < 0.05). According to the optimal condition from the PA results, we investigated the effects of 10 µM spermine on SCNT, and it also significantly improved blastocyst formation rates compared with the control group ( < 0.05). In evaluating the effects of 10 µM spermine on gene expression, there was significantly lower expression of a proapoptotic gene () and higher expression of an antiapoptotic gene () in cumulus cells ( < 0.05). was increased in spermine-treated oocytes. Levels of transcription for and were significantly increased in PA blastocysts. In conclusion, 10 µM spermine supplementation during IVM improved the development of porcine PA and SCNT embryos by increasing intracellular GSH, scavenging ROS levels, and regulating gene expression.
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20
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Nagi M, Tanabe K, Nakayama H, Ueno K, Yamagoe S, Umeyama T, Ohno H, Miyazaki Y. Iron-depletion promotes mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial integrity in pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. Autophagy 2016; 12:1259-71. [PMID: 27347716 PMCID: PMC4968229 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1183080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata, a haploid budding yeast, is the cause of severe systemic infections in immune-compromised hosts. The amount of free iron supplied to C. glabrata cells during systemic infections is severely limited by iron-chelating proteins such as transferrin. Thus, the iron-deficiency response in C. glabrata cells is thought to play important roles in their survival inside the host's body. In this study, we found that mitophagy was induced under iron-depleted conditions, and that the disruption of a gene homologous to ATG32, which is responsible for mitophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, blocked mitophagy in C. glabrata. The mitophagic activity in C. glabrata cells was not detected on short-period exposure to nitrogen-starved conditions, which is a mitophagy-inducing condition used in S. cerevisiae. The mitophagy-deficient atg32Δ mutant of C. glabrata also exhibited decreased longevity under iron-deficient conditions. The mitochondrial membrane potential in Cgatg32Δ cells was significantly lower than that in wild-type cells under iron-depleted conditions. In a mouse model of disseminated infection, the Cgatg32Δ strain resulted in significantly decreased kidney and spleen fungal burdens compared with the wild-type strain. These results indicate that mitophagy in C. glabrata occurs in an iron-poor host tissue environment, and it may contribute to the longevity of cells, mitochondrial quality control, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Nagi
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Koichi Tanabe
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan.,b Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University , Otsu , Shiga , Japan
| | - Hironobu Nakayama
- c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka , Mie , Japan
| | - Keigo Ueno
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagoe
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Umeyama
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideaki Ohno
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan.,d Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control , Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- a Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
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21
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Conti V, Izzo V, Corbi G, Russomanno G, Manzo V, De Lise F, Di Donato A, Filippelli A. Antioxidant Supplementation in the Treatment of Aging-Associated Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:24. [PMID: 26903869 PMCID: PMC4751263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generally considered as the consequence of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants species, which often results into indiscriminate and global damage at the organismal level. Elderly people are more susceptible to oxidative stress and this depends, almost in part, from a decreased performance of their endogenous antioxidant system. As many studies reported an inverse correlation between systemic levels of antioxidants and several diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, but also diabetes and neurological disorders, antioxidant supplementation has been foreseen as an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention for aging-associated pathologies. However, the expectations of this therapeutic approach have often been partially disappointed by clinical trials. The interplay of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the systemic redox system is very complex and represents an issue that is still under debate. In this review a selection of recent clinical studies concerning antioxidants supplementation and the evaluation of their influence in aging-related diseases is analyzed. The controversial outcomes of antioxidants supplementation therapies, which might partially depend from an underestimation of the patient specific metabolic demand and genetic background, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giusy Russomanno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Federica De Lise
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
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Guo J, Bakshi V, Lin AL. Early Shifts of Brain Metabolism by Caloric Restriction Preserve White Matter Integrity and Long-Term Memory in Aging Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:213. [PMID: 26617514 PMCID: PMC4643125 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of brain integrity with age is highly associated with lifespan determination. Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to increase longevity and healthspan in various species; however, its effects on preserving living brain functions in aging remain largely unexplored. In the study, we used multimodal, non-invasive neuroimaging (PET/MRI/MRS) to determine in vivo brain glucose metabolism, energy metabolites, and white matter structural integrity in young and old mice fed with either control or 40% CR diet. In addition, we determined the animals' memory and learning ability with behavioral assessments. Blood glucose, blood ketone bodies, and body weight were also measured. We found distinct patterns between normal aging and CR aging on brain functions - normal aging showed reductions in brain glucose metabolism, white matter integrity, and long-term memory, resembling human brain aging. CR aging, in contrast, displayed an early shift from glucose to ketone bodies metabolism, which was associated with preservations of brain energy production, white matter integrity, and long-term memory in aging mice. Among all the mice, we found a positive correlation between blood glucose level and body weight, but an inverse association between blood glucose level and lifespan. Our findings suggest that CR could slow down brain aging, in part due to the early shift of energy metabolism caused by lower caloric intake, and we were able to identify the age-dependent effects of CR non-invasively using neuroimaging. These results provide a rationale for CR-induced sustenance of brain health with extended longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Guo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Vikas Bakshi
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
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Wang D, Wu M, Li S, Gao Q, Zeng Q. Artemisinin mimics calorie restriction to extend yeast lifespan via a dual-phase mode: a conclusion drawn from global transcriptome profiling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:451-65. [PMID: 25682392 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) promotes longevity among distinct organisms from yeast to mammals. Although CR-prolonged lifespan is believed to associate with enhanced respiratory activity, it is apparently controversial for accelerated energy consumption regardless of insufficient nutrient intake. In reconciling the contradiction of less food supply versus much metabolite dispense, we revealed a CR-based mode of dual-phase responses that encompass a phase of mitochondrial enhancement (ME) and a phase of post-mitochondrial enhancement (PME), which can be distinguished by the expression patterns and activity dynamics of mitochondrial signatures. ME is characterized by global antioxidative activation, and PME is denoted by systemic metabolic modulation. CR-mediated aging-delaying effects are replicated by artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of the antimalarial artemisinin that can alkylate heme-containing proteins, suggesting artesunate-heme conjugation functionally resembles nitric oxide-heme interaction. A correlation of artesunate-heme conjugation with cytochrome c oxidase activation has been established from adduct formation and activity alteration. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide also mimics CR to trigger antioxidant responses, affect signaling cascades, and alter respiratory rhythms, implying hydrogen peroxide is engaged in lifespan extension. Conclusively, artesunate mimics CR-triggered nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide to induce antioxidative networks for scavenging reactive oxygen species and mitigating oxidative stress, thereby directing metabolic conversion from anabolism to catabolism, maintaining essential metabolic functionality, and extending life expectancy in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaTing Wang
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
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CTT1 overexpression increases life span of calorie-restricted Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in Sod1. Biogerontology 2015; 16:343-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ro SH, Semple I, Ho A, Park HW, Lee JH. Sestrin2, a Regulator of Thermogenesis and Mitohormesis in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 26257706 PMCID: PMC4513567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein that functions as an antioxidant and inhibitor of mTOR complex 1. In a recent study, we found that Sestrin2 overexpression in brown adipocytes interfered with normal metabolism by reducing mitochondrial respiration through the suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. The metabolic effects of Sestrin2 in brown adipocytes were dependent on its antioxidant activity, and chemical antioxidants produced similar effects in inhibiting UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. These observations suggest that low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brown adipocytes can actually be beneficial and necessary for proper metabolic homeostasis. In addition, considering that Sestrins are ROS inducible and perform ROS detoxifying as well as other metabolism-controlling functions, they are potential regulators of mitohormesis. This is a concept in which overall beneficial effects result from low-level oxidative stress stimuli, such as the ones induced by caloric restriction or physical exercise. In this perspective, we incorporate our recent insight obtained from the Sestrin2 study toward a better understanding of the relationship between ROS, Sestrin2, and mitochondrial metabolism in the context of brown adipocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian Semple
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allison Ho
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Jun Hee Lee, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 3019 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,
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Ristow M, Schmeisser K. Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Dose Response 2014; 12:288-341. [PMID: 24910588 PMCID: PMC4036400 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may function as signaling molecules that promote health by preventing or delaying a number of chronic diseases, and ultimately extend lifespan. While high levels of ROS are generally accepted to cause cellular damage and to promote aging, low levels of these may rather improve systemic defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response. This concept has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. We here evaluate and summarize more than 500 publications from current literature regarding such ROS-mediated low-dose signaling events, including calorie restriction, hypoxia, temperature stress, and physical activity, as well as signaling events downstream of insulin/IGF-1 receptors, AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), target-of-rapamycin (TOR), and lastly sirtuins to culminate in control of proteostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR), stem cell maintenance and stress resistance. Additionally, consequences of interfering with such ROS signals by pharmacological or natural compounds are being discussed, concluding that particularly antioxidants are useless or even harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), Schwerzenbach/Zürich, CH 8603, Switzerland
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
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Dkhar P, Sharma R. Late-Onset Dietary Restriction Modulates Protein Carbonylation and Catalase in Cerebral Hemispheres of Aged Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:307-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tang DW, Fang Y, Liu ZX, Wu Y, Wang XL, Zhao S, Han GC, Zeng SM. The Disturbances of Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis Caused by Increased Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Fragmentation in Aged Porcine Oocytes1. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:124. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Bajwa PK, Ho CY, Chan CK, Martin VJJ, Trevors JT, Lee H. Transcriptional profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T2 cells upon exposure to hardwood spent sulphite liquor: comparison to acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 103:1281-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kowaltowski AJ. Caloric restriction and redox state: does this diet increase or decrease oxidant production? Redox Rep 2012; 16:237-41. [PMID: 22195991 DOI: 10.1179/1351000211y.0000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is well established to enhance the lifespan of a wide variety of organisms, although the mechanisms are still being uncovered. Recently, some authors have suggested that CR acts through hormesis, enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating stress response pathways, and increasing lifespan. Here, we review the literature on the effects of CR and redox state. We find that there is no evidence in rodent models of CR that an increase in ROS production occurs. Furthermore, results in Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggesting that CR increases intracellular ROS are questionable, and probably cannot be resolved until adequate, artifact free, tools for real-time, quantitative, and selective measurements of intracellular ROS are developed. Overall, the largest body of work indicates that CR improves redox state, although it seems improbable that a global improvement in redox state is the mechanism through which CR enhances lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Trendeleva T, Sukhanova E, Ural’skaya L, Saris NE, Zvyagilskaya R. Effect of prooxidants on yeast mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:633-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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da Cunha FM, Demasi M, Kowaltowski AJ. Aging and calorie restriction modulate yeast redox state, oxidized protein removal, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:664-70. [PMID: 21684330 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system governs the half-life of most cellular proteins. Calorie restriction (CR) extends the maximum life span of a variety of species and prevents oxidized protein accumulation. We studied the effects of CR on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and protein turnover in aging Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CR increased chronological life span as well as proteasome activity compared to control cells. The levels of protein carbonyls, a marker of protein oxidation, and those of polyubiquitinated proteins were modulated by CR. Controls, but not CR cells, exhibited a significant increase in oxidized proteins. In keeping with decreased proteasome activity, polyubiquitinated proteins were increased in young control cells compared to time-matched CR cells, but were profoundly decreased in aged control cells despite decreased proteasomal activity. This finding is related to a decreased polyubiquitination ability due to the impairment of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme in aged control cells, probably related to a more oxidative microenvironment. CR preserves the ubiquitin-proteasome system activity. Overall, we found that aging and CR modulate many aspects of protein modification and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Ristow M, Schmeisser S. Extending life span by increasing oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:327-36. [PMID: 21619928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Various nutritional, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions have been previously shown to extend life span in diverse model organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, mice, and rats, as well as possibly monkeys and humans. This review aims to summarize published evidence that several longevity-promoting interventions may converge by causing an activation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption to promote increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These serve as molecular signals to exert downstream effects to ultimately induce endogenous defense mechanisms culminating in increased stress resistance and longevity, an adaptive response more specifically named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. Consistently, we here summarize findings that antioxidant supplements that prevent these ROS signals interfere with the health-promoting and life-span-extending capabilities of calorie restriction and physical exercise. Taken together and consistent with ample published evidence, the findings summarized here question Harman's Free Radical Theory of Aging and rather suggest that ROS act as essential signaling molecules to promote metabolic health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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34
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Regulation of yeast chronological life span by TORC1 via adaptive mitochondrial ROS signaling. Cell Metab 2011; 13:668-78. [PMID: 21641548 PMCID: PMC3110654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that yeast strains with reduced target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling have greater overall mitochondrial electron transport chain activity during growth that is efficiently coupled to ATP production. This metabolic alteration increases mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which we propose supplies an adaptive signal during growth that extends chronological life span (CLS). In strong support of this concept, uncoupling respiration during growth or increasing expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase significantly curtails CLS extension in tor1Δ strains, and treatment of wild-type strains with either rapamycin (to inhibit TORC1) or menadione (to generate mitochondrial ROS) during growth is sufficient to extend CLS. Finally, extension of CLS by reduced TORC1/Sch9p-mitochondrial signaling occurs independently of Rim15p and is not a function of changes in media acidification/composition. Considering the conservation of TOR-pathway effects on life span, mitochondrial ROS signaling may be an important mechanism of longevity regulation in higher organisms.
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Streijger F, Plunet WT, Plemel JR, Lam CK, Liu J, Tetzlaff W. Intermittent Fasting in Mice Does Not Improve Hindlimb Motor Performance after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:1051-61. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ward T. Plunet
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason Ryan Plemel
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clarrie K. Lam
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sharma PK, Agrawal V, Roy N. Mitochondria-mediated hormetic response in life span extension of calorie-restricted Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:143-54. [PMID: 20640543 PMCID: PMC3127463 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is the only proven regimen, which confers lifespan extension benefits across the various phyla right from unicellular organisms like yeast to primates. In a bid to elucidate the mechanism of calorie-restriction-mediated life span extension, the role of mitochondria in the process was investigated. In this study, we found that the mitochondrial content in CR cells remains unaltered as compared to cells grown on nonrestricted media. However, mitochondria isolated from CR cells showed increased respiration and elevated reactive oxygen species levels without augmenting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. The antioxidant defense system was amplified in CR mitochondria, and in CR cells a cross protection to hydrogen-peroxide-induced stress was also observed. Moreover, we also documented that a functional electron transport chain was vital for the life span extension benefits of calorie restriction. Altogether, our results indicate that calorie restriction elicits mitohormetic effect, which ultimately leads to longevity benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062 India
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062 India
| | - Nilanjan Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062 India
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Choi JS, Choi KM, Lee CK. Caloric restriction improves efficiency and capacity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:308-14. [PMID: 21575595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan in a variety of species; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that CR potentiated the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Indeed, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was increased by CR, and, regardless of ages, overall reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was decreased by CR. With these changes, overall growth rate of cells was maintained under various CR conditions, just like cells under a non-restricted condition. All of these data support increased efficiency and capacity of the ETC by CR, and this change might lead to extension of lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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38
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Chong-Han K. Dietary Lipophilic Antioxidants: Implications and Significance in the Aging Process. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:931-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390903044073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sharma PK, Mittal N, Deswal S, Roy N. Calorie restriction up-regulates iron and copper transport genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:394-402. [PMID: 21031176 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a non genetic intervention, known to confer longevity benefits across the various phyla from unicellular yeast to mammals. CR also invokes homeostatic responses similar to stress, however the sequence of molecular events leading to longevity is still illusive. In this study, we analysed the whole genome gene expression profile in response to CR, mutations mimicking CR, heat shock and H(2)O(2) from a gene ontology perspective. Our analysis revealed that mitochondrion is a common hub in the gene expression programme under these conditions and the electron transport chain (ETC) is a major player. Consequently the genes involved in the metal ion transport were also significantly up-regulated. We confirmed the results of the in silico analysis using quantitative real time PCR which showed up-regulation of genes involved in respiration and transport of iron and copper. The promoter activity of one of the representative genes, FET3, was also found to be higher upon calorie restriction. Altogether, our results indicate that upon calorie restriction the levels of iron and copper fall in cells, which elicits a transcriptional response up-regulating the genes involved in their uptake to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S A S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
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40
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Strand-specific RNA sequencing reveals extensive regulated long antisense transcripts that are conserved across yeast species. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R87. [PMID: 20796282 PMCID: PMC2945789 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-r87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies in budding yeast have shown that antisense transcription occurs at many loci. However, the functional role of antisense transcripts has been demonstrated only in a few cases and it has been suggested that most antisense transcripts may result from promiscuous bi-directional transcription in a dense genome. Results Here, we use strand-specific RNA sequencing to study anti-sense transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We detect 1,103 putative antisense transcripts expressed in mid-log phase growth, ranging from 39 short transcripts covering only the 3' UTR of sense genes to 145 long transcripts covering the entire sense open reading frame. Many of these antisense transcripts overlap sense genes that are repressed in mid-log phase and are important in stationary phase, stress response, or meiosis. We validate the differential regulation of 67 antisense transcripts and their sense targets in relevant conditions, including nutrient limitation and environmental stresses. Moreover, we show that several antisense transcripts and, in some cases, their differential expression have been conserved across five species of yeast spanning 150 million years of evolution. Divergence in the regulation of antisense transcripts to two respiratory genes coincides with the evolution of respiro-fermentation. Conclusions Our work provides support for a global and conserved role for antisense transcription in yeast gene regulation.
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Abstract
In budding yeast, silent chromatin is defined at the region of telomeres, rDNA loci, and silent mating loci. Although the silent chromatin at different loci shows structural similarity, the underlying mechanism to establish, maintain, and inherit these structures may be fundamentally different. In this study, we found two arginine residues within histone H2B, which are specifically required to maintain either the telomeric or the rDNA silenct chromatin. Arginine 95 (R95) plays a specific role at telomeres, whereas arginine 102 (R102) is required to maintain the silent chromatin at rDNA and to ensure the integrity of rDNA loci by suppressing recombination between rDNA repeats. R95 mutants show enhanced rDNA silencing but a paradoxically low Sir2 protein abundance. Furthermore weakened silencing at telomeres in R95 mutants can be suppressed by a specific SIR3 allele, SIR3-D205N, which increases the affinity of Sir proteins to telomeres, suggesting H2B-R95 may directly mediate telomeric Sir protein-nucleosome interactions. Double mutations of R95 and R102 lead to desilencing of both rDNA and telomeres, indicating both arginines are necessary to ensure integrity of silent chromatin at these loci. Furthermore, mutations of R102 cause accumulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circles and reduce life span, suggesting that histone H2B contributes to longevity.
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Abstract
The mechanisms of production and elimination of reactive oxygen species in the cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are analyzed. Coordinative role of special regulatory proteins including Yap1p, Msn2/4p, and Skn7p (Pos9p) in regulation of defense mechanisms in S. cerevisiae is described. A special section is devoted to two other well-studied species from the point of view of oxidative stress -- Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. Some examples demonstrating the use of yeast for investigation of apoptosis, aging, and some human diseases are given in the conclusion part.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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Caloric restriction or catalase inactivation extends yeast chronological lifespan by inducing H2O2 and superoxide dismutase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:15123-8. [PMID: 20696905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1004432107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging posits oxidative damage to macromolecules as a primary determinant of lifespan. Recent studies challenge this theory by demonstrating that in some cases, longevity is enhanced by inactivation of oxidative stress defenses or is correlated with increased, rather than decreased reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage. Here we show that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, caloric restriction or inactivation of catalases extends chronological lifespan by inducing elevated levels of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, which activate superoxide dismutases that inhibit the accumulation of superoxide anions. Increased hydrogen peroxide in catalase-deficient cells extends chronological lifespan despite parallel increases in oxidative damage. These findings establish a role for hormesis effects of hydrogen peroxide in promoting longevity that have broad implications for understanding aging and age-related diseases.
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Chiba T, Ezaki O. Dietary restriction suppresses inflammation and delays the onset of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lam YT, Stocker R, Dawes IW. The lipophilic antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10 reduce the replicative lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:237-44. [PMID: 20403425 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species contribute to cellular ageing and an increased level of oxidative stress is often associated with ageing in many organisms. Supplementation of antioxidants has been advocated to decrease cellular oxidative stress and potentially extend lifespan. A genetically modified K6001 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed to determine the effect of several antioxidants, including D-erythroascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q(10) on yeast cell replicative ageing. The replicative lifespan of the K6001 strain was assessed by absorbance change as cells exhibited a linear growth in glucose medium. In this study, water-soluble D-erythroascorbic acid had little effect on cell replicative lifespan. However, supplementation of the growth medium with the lipophilic antioxidants alpha-tocopherol increased oxidative stress and decreased cell lifespan. The use of alpha-tocopherol analogues revealed that the antioxidant activity and the membrane retention ability of alpha-tocopherol were involved in the lifespan reduction effect. Supplementation with either coenzyme Q(10) alone, or in combination with alpha-tocopherol also led to a reduction in yeast replicative lifespan. This study highlights a potential pro-oxidant action of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ting Lam
- Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis and Department of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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How increased oxidative stress promotes longevity and metabolic health: The concept of mitochondrial hormesis (mitohormesis). Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:410-8. [PMID: 20350594 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that calorie restriction and specifically reduced glucose metabolism induces mitochondrial metabolism to extend life span in various model organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and possibly mice. In conflict with Harman's free radical theory of aging (FRTA), these effects may be due to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the mitochondria causing an adaptive response that culminates in subsequently increased stress resistance assumed to ultimately cause a long-term reduction of oxidative stress. This type of retrograde response has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis, and may in addition be applicable to the health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans and, hypothetically, impaired insulin/IGF-1-signaling in model organisms. Consistently, abrogation of this mitochondrial ROS signal by antioxidants impairs the lifespan-extending and health-promoting capabilities of glucose restriction and physical exercise, respectively. In summary, the findings discussed in this review indicate that ROS are essential signaling molecules which are required to promote health and longevity. Hence, the concept of mitohormesis provides a common mechanistic denominator for the physiological effects of physical exercise, reduced calorie uptake, glucose restriction, and possibly beyond.
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Allen SA, Clark W, McCaffery JM, Cai Z, Lanctot A, Slininger PJ, Liu ZL, Gorsich SW. Furfural induces reactive oxygen species accumulation and cellular damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2010; 3:2. [PMID: 20150993 PMCID: PMC2820483 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofuels offer a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuel. However, current methods are not sufficient and the technology required in order to use lignocellulosic biomass as a fermentation substrate faces several challenges. One challenge is the need for a robust fermentative microorganism that can tolerate the inhibitors present during lignocellulosic fermentation. These inhibitors include the furan aldehyde, furfural, which is released as a byproduct of pentose dehydration during the weak acid pretreatment of lignocellulose. In order to survive in the presence of furfural, yeast cells need not only to reduce furfural to the less toxic furan methanol, but also to protect themselves and repair any damage caused by the furfural. Since furfural tolerance in yeast requires a functional pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and the PPP is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance, we decided to investigate whether or not furfural induces ROS and its related cellular damage in yeast. RESULTS We demonstrated that furfural induces the accumulation of ROS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, furfural was shown to cause cellular damage that is consistent with ROS accumulation in cells which includes damage to mitochondria and vacuole membranes, the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear chromatin. The furfural-induced damage is less severe when yeast are grown in a furfural concentration (25 mM) that allows for eventual growth after an extended lag compared to a concentration of furfural (50 mM) that prevents growth. CONCLUSION These data suggest that when yeast cells encounter the inhibitor furfural, they not only need to reduce furfural into furan methanol but also to protect themselves from the cellular effects of furfural and repair any damage caused. The reduced cellular damage seen at 25 mM furfural compared to 50 mM furfural may be linked to the observation that at 25 mM furfural yeast were able to exit the furfural-induced lag phase and resume growth. Understanding the cellular effects of furfural will help direct future strain development to engineer strains capable of tolerating or remediating ROS and the effects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Allen
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - William Clark
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - J Michael McCaffery
- Integrated Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Alison Lanctot
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Patricia J Slininger
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Z Lewis Liu
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Steven W Gorsich
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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van Diepeningen AD, Maas MFPM, Huberts DHEW, Goedbloed DJ, Engelmoer DJP, Slakhorst SM, Koopmanschap AB, Krause F, Dencher NA, Sellem CH, Sainsard-Chanet A, Hoekstra RF, Debets AJM. Calorie restriction causes healthy life span extension in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 131:60-8. [PMID: 20026344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although most fungi appear to be immortal, some show systemic senescence within a distinct time frame. Podospora anserina for example shows an irreversible growth arrest within weeks of culturing associated with a destabilization of the mitochondrial genome. Here, we show that calorie restriction (CR), a regimen of under-nutrition without malnutrition, increases not only life span but also forestalls the aging-related decline in fertility. Similar to respiratory chain deficiencies the life span extension is associated with lower levels of intracellular H(2)O(2) measurements and a stabilization of the mitochondrial genome. Unlike respiratory chain deficiencies, CR cultures have a wild-type-like OXPHOS machinery similar to that of well-fed cultures as shown by native electrophoresis of mitochondrial protein complexes. Together, these data indicate that life span extension via CR is fundamentally different from that via respiratory chain mutations: Whereas the latter can be seen as a pathology, the former promotes healthy life span extension and may be an adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D van Diepeningen
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703BD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Mittal N, Babu MM, Roy N. The efficiency of mitochondrial electron transport chain is increased in the long-lived mrg19 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aging Cell 2009; 8:643-53. [PMID: 19732042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrity of mitochondrial functionality is a key determinant of longevity in several organisms. In particular, reduced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production leading to decreased mtDNA damage is believed to be a crucial aspect of longevity. The generation of low mtROS was thought to be due to low mitochondrial oxygen consumption. However, recent studies have shown that higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption could still result in low mtROS and contribute to longevity. This increased mitochondrial efficiency (i.e. low mtROS generated despite high oxygen consumption) was explained as a result of mitochondrial biogenesis, which provides more entry points for the electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), thereby resulting in low mtROS production. In this study, we provide evidence for the existence of an alternative pathway to explain the observed higher mitochondrial efficiency in the long-lived mrg19 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although we observe similar amounts of mitochondria in mrg19 and wild-type (wt) yeast, we find that mrg19 mitochondria have higher expression of ETC components per mitochondria in comparison with the wt. These findings demonstrate that more efficient mitochondria because of increased ETC per mitochondria can also produce less mtROS. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for an alternative explanation for the involvement of higher mitochondrial activity in prolonging lifespan. We anticipate that similar mechanisms might also exist in eukaryotes including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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Roark AM, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Leeuwenburgh C. Biochemical indices as correlates of recent growth in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 2009; 376:59-67. [PMID: 20161581 PMCID: PMC2808034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid and protein concentrations and their ratios are increasingly used as correlates of nutritional condition and growth in marine species. However, their application in studies of reptile growth has not yet been validated. The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is an endangered marine reptile for which assessing population health requires knowledge of demographic parameters such as individual growth rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a number of biochemical indices ([DNA], [RNA], RNA:DNA ratio, [protein], protein:DNA ratio, and RNA:protein ratio) in liver, heart, and blood as potential predictors of recent growth rate in juvenile green turtles under controlled feeding conditions. Intake of juvenile green turtles was manipulated over twelve weeks to obtain a range of growth rates. With the exception of [RNA](blood), [DNA](heart), and [protein]:[DNA](liver), all biochemical indices demonstrated significant linear relationships with growth rate during the last 1.5 weeks of the study. The best single predictors of recent growth were hepatic [RNA] and [RNA]:[protein], which explained 66% and 49%, respectively, of the variance in growth. Contrary to expectations, these two indices were negatively correlated with growth rate. To investigate the possibility that hepatic [RNA] was higher in slow-growing turtles because of elevated expression of antioxidant genes, we quantified glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant potential. Both measures of antioxidant function were affected by intake and growth histories, but these effects did not explain our results for hepatic RNA and protein concentrations. We developed a model that predicted 68% of the variance in specific growth rate (SGR) with the equation SGR = -0.913(ln[RNA](liver)) + 17.689(Condition Index) + 4.316. In addition, our findings that [DNA] and [RNA]:[DNA] for blood were significantly correlated with SGR demonstrate the potential utility of minimally invasive tissue sampling that could facilitate instantaneous population monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Roark
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Box, 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Karen A. Bjorndal
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Box, 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alan B. Bolten
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Box, 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Institute on, Aging Genomics and Biomarkers Core, Biochemistry of Aging Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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