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Goossens JF, Thuru X, Bailly C. Properties and reactivity of the folic acid and folate photoproduct 6-formylpterin. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:1-10. [PMID: 33965562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Folates (vitamin B9) are essential components of our diet and our gut microbiota. They are omnipresent in our cells and blood. Folates are necessary for DNA synthesis, methylation, and other vital bioprocesses. Folic acid (FA), as the synthetic form of folates, is largely found in supplements and fortified foods. FA and folate drugs are also extensively used as therapeutics. Therefore, we are continuously exposed to the pterin derivatives, and their photo-degradation products, such as 6-formylpterin (6-FPT) and pterin-6-carboxylic acid. During ultraviolet radiation, these two photolytic products generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the cellular oxidative stress. 6-FPT can exhibit variable pro/anti-oxidative roles depending on the cell type and its environment (acting as a cell protector in normal cells, or as an enhancer of drug-induced cell death in cancer cells). The ROS-modulating capacity of 6-FPT is well-known, whereas its intrinsic reactivity has been much less investigated. Here, we have reviewed the properties of 6-FPT and highlighted its capacity to form covalent adducts with the ROS-scavenging drug edaravone (used to treat stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) as well as its implication in immune surveillance. 6-FPT and its analogue acetyl-6-FPT function as small molecule antigens, recognized by the major histocompatibility complex-related class I-like molecule, MR1, for presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. As modulators of the MR1/MAIT machinery, 6-FPT derivatives could play a significant immuno-regulatory role in different diseases. This brief review shed light on the multiple properties and cellular activities of 6-FPT, well beyond its primary ROS-generating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France.
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2
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Morita K, Nishimura Y, Nakamura S, Arai Y, Numako C, Sato K, Nakayama M, Akasaka H, Sasaki R, Ogino C, Kondo A. Titanium oxide nano-radiosensitizers for hydrogen peroxide delivery into cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 198:111451. [PMID: 33223346 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylic acid-modified titanium peroxide nanoparticles (PAA-TiOx NPs) are promising radiosensitizers that enhance the therapeutic effect of X-ray irradiation after local injection into tumors. However, the mechanism for this reaction has remained unclear with the exception of the involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is released by PAA-TiOx NPs to a liquid phase during dispersion. In the present study, a clonogenic assay was used to compare PAA-TiOx NPs with free H2O2 molecules to investigate the effect exerted on the radiosensitivity of cancer cells in vitro. A cell-free dialysis method revealed that a portion of the H2O2 adsorbed onto the PAA-TiOx NPs during synthesis could be released during a treatment regimen. The H2O2 release lasted for 7 h, which was sufficient for one radiation treatment procedure. For in vitro experiments, cultured human pancreatic cancer cells took up PAA-TiOx NPs in 10 min after administration. Interestingly, when the cells were washed with a buffer after treatment with either a PAA-TiOx NP or H2O2 solution, the intracellular H2O2 levels remained higher with PAA-TiOx NP treatment compared with the H2O2 solution treatment. Furthermore, the effects of subsequent X-ray irradiation corresponded to the intracellular H2O2 levels. These results indicate that PAA-TiOx NPs are efficient carriers of H2O2 into cancer cells and thus enhance the radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Research Facility Center for Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Arai
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chiya Numako
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sato
- Division of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunokicho 7-5-2, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunokicho 7-5-2, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunokicho 7-5-2, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Mitsuhashi Y, Furusawa Y, Aradate T, Zhao QL, Moniruzzaman R, Kanamori M, Noguchi K, Kondo T. 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-alphitolic acid, a triterpenoid from Zizyphus jujuba, leads to apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species production and activation of the unfolded protein response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183712. [PMID: 28832644 PMCID: PMC5568338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-alphitolic acid (3OTPCA), a triterpenoid isolated from the plant Zizyphus jujuba (ZJ), is known to be cytotoxic to cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanism underlying 3OTPCA-induced cell death remains unknown. Here, we provide novel evidence that 3OTPCA induces apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells. We found that 3OPTCA induces DNA fragmentation within 24 h after treatment in U937 cells, which was also observed in other leukemia cell lines, including Molt-4 and Jurkat cells. We then investigated other parameters involved in apoptosis, including phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 cleavage in U937 cells treated with 3OTPCA. 3OTPCA caused significant DNA fragmentation, annexin-V binding, and caspase-3 cleavage, indicating that 3OTPCA exerts cytotoxicity through apoptosis induction. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of transcripts associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as spliced XBP-1 and CHOP, were up-regulated by 3OTPCA treatment. 3OTPCA-induced UPR activation may be due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress because both 3OTPCA and thapsigargin, an endoplasmic Ca2+ transport ATPase inhibitor, increased intracellular calcium levels. 3OTPCA down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, a target of CHOP, and led to the loss of the mitochondrial membrane, indicating that the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway was triggered by 3OTPCA, likely through UPR activation. Furthermore, we found that 3OTPCA induced superoxide anion generation and, following p38 MAPK phosphorylation, caspase-8 cleavage without affecting Fas expression. It also induced subsequent Bid cleavage, which may enhance the apoptosis triggered by the intrinsic pathway. These findings reveal for the first time that 3OTPCA induces apoptotic cell death through the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mitsuhashi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tadashi Aradate
- Department of Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Qing-Li Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Rohan Moniruzzaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kanamori
- Department of Human Science 1, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Rehman MU, Jawaid P, Zhao QL, Li P, Narita K, Katoh T, Shimizu T, Kondo T. Low-dose spiruchostatin-B, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells via modulation of redox signaling. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:596-610. [PMID: 27108737 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1115029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spiruchostatin B (SP-B), is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in addition to HDAC inhibition, the pharmacological effects of SP-B are also attributed to its ability to produce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly H2O2. In this study, we investigated the effects of low dose (non-toxic) SP-B on radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells in vitro. The treatment of cells with low-dose SP-B induced the acetylation of histones, however, does not induce apoptosis. Whereas, the combined treatment with SP-B and radiation significantly enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis, suggesting the potential role of this combined treatment for future radiation therapy. Interestingly, the enhancement of apoptosis was accompanied by significant increased in the ROS generation. Pre-treatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited the enhancement of apoptosis induced by combined treatment, indicating that ROS play an essential role. It was also found that SP-B combined with radiation caused the activation of death receptor and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, via modulation of ROS-mediated signaling. Moreover, SP-B also significantly enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis in other lymphoma cell lines such as Molt-4 and HL-60. Taken together, our findings suggest that the low-dose SP-B enhances radiation-induced apoptosis via modulation of redox signaling because of its ability to serve as an intracellular ROS generating agent, mainly (H2O2 or [Formula: see text]). This study provides further insights into the mechanism of action of SP-B with radiation and demonstrates that SP-B can be used as a future novel sensitizer for radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Ur Rehman
- a Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Paras Jawaid
- a Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Qing Li Zhao
- a Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Peng Li
- a Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Koichi Narita
- b Laboratory of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Tadashi Katoh
- b Laboratory of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- c Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- a Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
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Jawaid P, Rehman MU, Yoshihisa Y, Li P, Zhao QL, Hassan MA, Miyamoto Y, Shimizu T, Kondo T. Effects of SOD/catalase mimetic platinum nanoparticles on radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1006-16. [PMID: 24687228 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since polyacrylic acid capped platinum nano-particles (nano-Pts) are known to have a unique ability to quench superoxide (O2(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the anti-oxidant activity of nano-Pts against apoptosis induced by x-irradiation in human lymphoma U937 cells was investigated. DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI by flow cytometry and Giemsa staining revealed a significant decrease in apoptosis induced by 10 Gy, when cells were pre-treated with nano-Pts in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with nano-Pts significantly decreased radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Fas expression and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as determined by flow-cytometry. Furthermore, western blot analysis also showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bid and cytosolic cytochrome-c were significantly reduced in nano-Pts pretreated cells. Due to the catalase mimetic activity of nano-Pts, these results indicate that pre-treatment of U937 cells with nano-Pts significantly protect radiation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting intracellular ROS (mainly H2O2), which plays a key role in the induction of apoptosis, because of no practical observation of intracellular O2(-) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Jawaid
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Kesaraju S, Nayak G, Prentice HM, Milton SL. Upregulation of Hsp72 mediates anoxia/reoxygenation neuroprotection in the freshwater turtle via modulation of ROS. Brain Res 2014; 1582:247-56. [PMID: 25107858 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of Hsp72 has been demonstrated in several ischemic/stroke models to occur primarily through mediation of apoptotic pathways, and a number of heat shock proteins are upregulated in animal models capable of extended anoxic survival. In the present study, we investigated the role of Hsp72 on cell death and apoptotic regulators in one anoxia tolerant model system, the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta. Since Hsp72 is known to regulate apoptosis through interactions with Bcl-2, we manipulated the levels of Hsp72 and Bcl-2 with siRNA in neuronally enriched primary cell cultures and examined downstream effects. The knockdown of either Hsp72 or Bcl-2 induced cell death during anoxia and reoxygenation. Knockdown of Bcl-2 resulted in increases in apoptotic markers and increased ROS levels 2-fold. However, significant knockdown of Hsp72 did not have any effect on the expression of key mitochondrial apoptotic regulators such as Cytochrome c and caspase-3. Hsp72 knockdown however significantly increased apoptosis inducing factor in both anoxia and reoxygenation and resulted in a six-fold induction of hydrogen peroxide levels. These findings suggest that the neuroprotection offered by Hsp72 in the anoxia/reoxygenation tolerant turtle is through the mediation of ROS levels and not through modulation of caspase-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Kesaraju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States; Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, United States(1)
| | - Gauri Nayak
- College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, United States; Boston University, United States(2)
| | | | - Sarah L Milton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
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Cui ZG, Piao JL, Kondo T, Ogawa R, Tsuneyama K, Zhao QL, Feril LB, Inadera H. Molecular mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis enhanced by docosahexaenoic acid: Implication for cancer therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 215:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Involvement of MIF in basement membrane damage in chronically UVB-exposed skin in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89569. [PMID: 24586879 PMCID: PMC3931804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) B radiation is known to induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade collagen in the basement membrane. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine that plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation induced by UV irradiation. This study examined the effects of MIF on basement membrane damage following chronic UVB irradiation in mice. The back skin of MIF transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice was exposed to UVB three times a week for 10 weeks. There was a decrease in intact protein levels of type IV collagen and increased basement membrane damage in the exposed skin of the MIF Tg mice compared to that observed in the WT mice. Moreover, the skin of the MIF Tg mice exhibited higher MIF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and protein levels than those observed in the WT mice. We also found that chronic UVB exposure in MIF Tg mice resulted in higher levels of neutrophil infiltration in the dermis compared with that observed in the WT mice. In vitro experiments revealed that MIF induced increases in the MMPs expression, including that of MMP-9 in keratinocytes and MMP-2 in fibroblasts. Cultured neutrophils also secreted MMP-9 stimulated by MIF. Therefore, MIF-mediated basement membrane damage occurs primarily through MMPs activation and neutrophil influx in murine skin following chronic UVB irradiation.
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Cui ZG, Piao JL, Rehman MU, Ogawa R, Li P, Zhao QL, Kondo T, Inadera H. Molecular mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis enhanced by withaferin A. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Piao JL, Cui ZG, Furusawa Y, Ahmed K, Rehman MU, Tabuchi Y, Kadowaki M, Kondo T. The molecular mechanisms and gene expression profiling for shikonin-induced apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in U937 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:119-27. [PMID: 23811387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK), a natural naphthoquinone derived from the Chinese medical herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, induces both apoptosis and necroptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation of cell death are still unclear. In the present study, caspase-dependent apoptosis was induced by SHK treatment at 1μM after 6h in U937 cells, with increase in DNA fragmentation, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), fraction of cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and in the expression of BH3 only proteins Noxa and tBid. Interestingly, caspase-independent cell death was also detected with SHK treatment at 10μM, observed as increase in SYTOX® Green staining and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) completely inhibited the SHK-induced leakage of LDH and SYTOX® Green staining. Cell permeable exogenous glutathione (GSH) completely inhibited 1μM SHK-induced apoptosis and converted 10μM SHK-induced necroptosis to apoptosis. Gene expression profiling revealed that 353 genes were found to be significantly regulated by 1μM and 85 genes by 10μM of SHK treatment, respectively. Among these genes, the transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) were highly expressed at 1μM of SHK treatment, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression mainly increased at 10μM treatment. These findings provide novel information for the molecular mechanism of SHK-induced apoptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Piao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Yoshihisa Y, Hassan MA, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Kondo T, Shimizu T. Alkannin, HSP70 inducer, protects against UVB-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47903. [PMID: 23110127 PMCID: PMC3478268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkannin is an active constituent from the root extract of Alkanna tinctoria of the Boraginaceae family and it may have utility as a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer in living organisms. Here, the effects of alkannin-induced HSP70 on ultraviolet (UV) B (40 mJ/cm2)-induced apoptosis were investigated in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Pretreatment of cells with alkannin (1 µM) caused significant inhibition of UVB-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage. On the other hand, the addition of KNK437 (HSP70 inhibitor) reversed the action of alkannin increasing UVB-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, differences in gene expression associated with the suppression of UVB-induced apoptosis in the presence of alkannin were investigated using Gene Chip assay. Our results indicate that alkannin suppresses UVB-induced apoptosis through the induction of HSP70 in human keratinocytes, and therefore, we suggest the usefulness of using alkannin as an antiaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yoshihisa
- Department of Dermatology, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mariame Ali Hassan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by 2-dodecylcyclobutanone, a radiolytic product of palmitic acid, in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:636-45. [PMID: 22311471 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation of fat-containing food forms 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) from palmitic acid (PA). In this study, we investigated whether 2-DCB and PA induce apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells. We found that cell viability decreased by 2-DCB and apoptosis was induced by 2-DCB and PA. 2-DCB and PA significantly enhanced the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis induced by 2-DCB and PA was strongly prevented by an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L: -cysteine. The treatment with 2-DCB and PA resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and Fas, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD) significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by 2-DCB and PA. Moreover, 2-DCB and PA also induced Bax up-regulation, the reduction in Bcl-2 expression level, Bid cleavage and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In addition, an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was observed after the treatment with 2-DCB and PA. Our results indicated that intracellular ROS generation, the modulation of the Fas-mitochondrion-caspase-dependent pathway and the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) involved in apoptosis are induced by 2-DCB and PA in U937 cells.
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Apoptotic cell death by the novel natural compound, cinobufotalin. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 199:154-60. [PMID: 22898211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufotalin (CB), one of the bufadienolides prepared from toad venom, was investigated for its cytotoxicity, and the underneath mechanism involved. We primarily utilized DNA fragmentation assay and microscopic observation to assess the effect of various doses of CB in human lymphoma U937 cells. Following that, we investigated other parameters involved in cell death mechanism such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptotic proteins activation. HeLa cells were concomitantly used to generalize the data observed. Our results show that CB caused significant DNA fragmentation, decrease of MMP, and an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) ion and ROS production. In addition, CB induced upregulation of Fas protein, proteolytic activation of cytochrome c, caspase-2, -3, -8 and -9 together with the activation of Bid and Bax. Our findings were further validated using either Fas/FasL antagonist or pan-caspase inhibitor to significantly inhibit CB-induced DNA fragmentation. In our study, we suggest that CB induces caspase dependent cell death in U937 cells, and that Fas plays a role in CB-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our data provides novel insights of the mechanism of action of CB and its potential as a future chemotherapeutic agent.
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Zaidi SF, Muhammad JS, Shahryar S, Usmanghani K, Gilani AH, Jafri W, Sugiyama T. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected Pakistani medicinal plants in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:403-10. [PMID: 22433535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. In the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal use and to examine the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS cells and clinically isolated Helicobacter pylori strain (193C) were employed for co-culture experiments. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and cytotoxic effects of the selected plants were determined by serial dilution method and DNA fragmentation assay respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the effect on IL-8 secretion and ROS generation in Helicobacter pylori-infected cells. RESULTS At 100μg/ml, extracts of Alpinia galangal, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha arvensis, Myrtus communis, Oligochaeta ramose, Polygonum bistorta, Rosa damascena, Ruta graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, Tamarix dioica, and Terminalia chebula exhibited strong inhibitory activity against IL-8 secretion. Of these, four extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Myrtus communis, Syzygium aromaticum, and Terminalia chebula markedly inhibited IL-8 secretion at both 50 and 100μg/ml. Cinnamomum cassia was further assessed at different concentrations against Helicobacter pylori and TNF-α stimulated IL-8 secretion, which displayed significant suppression of IL-8 in a concentration-dependent-manner. Among the plants examined against ROS generation, Achillea millefolium, Berberis aristata, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Prunus domestica demonstrated significant suppression of ROS from Helicobacter pylori-infected cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Results of the study revealed anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected medicinal plants which could partially validate the traditional use of these plants in GI disorders particularly associated with Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, results obtained may lead to possible future candidates of chemoprevention against peptic ulcer or gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Yoshihisa Y, Honda A, Zhao QL, Makino T, Abe R, Matsui K, Shimizu H, Miyamoto Y, Kondo T, Shimizu T. Protective effects of platinum nanoparticles against UV-light-induced epidermal inflammation. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:1000-6. [PMID: 20812965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis play important roles in the ultraviolet (UV)-induced inflammatory responses in the skin. Metal nanoparticles have been developed to increase the catalytic activity of metals, which is because of the large surface area of smaller particles. Platinum nanoparticles (nano-Pt) protected by poly acrylic acid were manufactured by reduction with ethanol. A marked increase in ROS production was observed in UV-treated HaCaT keratinocytes cell lines, while a decrease in ROS production was observed in nano-Pt-treated cells. Pretreatment of the cells with nano-Pt also caused a significant inhibition of UVB- and UVC-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that mice treated with nano-Pt gel prior to UV irradiation showed significant inhibition of UVB-induced inflammation and UVA-induced photoallergy compared to UV-irradiated control mice. These results suggest that nano-Pt effectively protects against UV-induced inflammation by decreasing ROS production and inhibiting apoptosis in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yoshihisa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Feng Y, Tian Z, Wan M. Bioeffects of low-intensity ultrasound in vitro: apoptosis, protein profile alteration, and potential molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:963-974. [PMID: 20498470 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.6.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential molecular mechanism of low-intensity ultrasound-induced apoptosis by analyzing protein profile alteration in response to ultrasound exposure. METHODS Human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were used in this study. Cell viability was measured by a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Morphologic changes were examined by light microscopy. Apoptosis was assessed by phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. The pattern of the mitochondrial membrane potential decrease was determined by flow cytometry. Protein profile alteration was analyzed by comparative proteomics based on 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Low-intensity ultrasound (3.0 W/cm(2), 1 minute, cells incubated for 6 hours after ultrasound exposure) induced early apoptosis (mean +/- SD, 26.5% +/- 6.2%) significantly (P < .05) with minimal lysis in human hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. On a molecular level, several proteins, eg, cellular tumor antigen protein 53, BH3-interacting domain death agonist, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, and heme oxygenase 1 were identified as responding to ultrasound irradiation, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stresses were involved in ultrasound-induced apoptosis. It was also assumed that mitofilin-regulated crista remodeling may be a potential channel of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization pore formation involved in low-intensity ultrasound-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that 2 potential molecular signaling pathways are involved in ultrasound-induced apoptosis. It is a first step toward low-intensity ultrasound-induced apoptotic cancer therapy via understanding its relevant molecular signaling and key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ahmed K, Wei ZL, Zhao QL, Nakajima N, Matsunaga T, Ogasawara M, Kondo T. Role of fatty acid chain length on the induction of apoptosis by newly synthesized catechin derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:182-8. [PMID: 20206613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catechins, a family of polyphenols found in tea, can evoke various responses, including apoptosis. In this study we investigated whether the chemical modification of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could enhance its apoptosis activity. We found that one of the catechin conjugated with capric acid [(2R,3S)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavan-3-yl decanoate; catechin-C10] was most potent to induce apoptosis in U937 cells. C10 treatment resulted in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, cytochrome c release caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. In addition to this C10 also activated extrinsic pathway significantly as evident by time-dependent increase in Fas expression and caspase-8 activity. C10 mediated cleavage of Bid may be an important event for cross talk between intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. Moreover, pre-treatment of cells with anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented C10-induced apoptosis but did not protect MMP loss. Treatment of cells with pan-caspase inhibitor significantly inhibited apoptosis indicating that caspases are playing key role. In addition to this C10 was found to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer (HCT116) cells while it showed resistance to human keratinocytes (HaCat). In short our results showed that the optimal fatty acid side chain length is required for the apoptosis inducing activity of catechin derivatives in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Japan, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Zaidi SFH, Ahmed K, Yamamoto T, Kondo T, Usmanghani K, Kadowaki M, Sugiyama T. Effect of resveratrol on Helicobacter pylori-induced interleukin-8 secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and morphological changes in human gastric epithelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1931-5. [PMID: 19881312 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpressed in the gastric mucosa when exposed to Helicobacter pylori, defined as a class I carcinogen. Moreover, infection with H. pylori leads to morphological changes in co-cultured cells known as hummingbird phenomenon along with increased motility. Resveratrol, a highly abundant polyphenol in red grapes, has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. However, the effect of resveratrol in H. pylori-infected cells has not been investigated. The present study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the induction of IL-8, ROS and hummingbird morphology in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. The non-toxic concentration of resveratrol for both H. pylori and epithelial cells was determined by brucella broth dilution method and DNA fragmentation assay. The non-toxic resveratrol (< or =100 microM) treatment did not demonstrate any inhibitory effect against H. pylori adhesion to gastric epithelial cells. However, preincubation of the cells with 75 and 100 muM of resveratrol significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively) inhibited the secretion of IL-8 from H. pylori-infected cells. In addition, resveratrol pretreatment at 1-100 muM suppressed H. pylori-induced ROS generation in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, H. pylori-initiated morphological changes were markedly blocked by resveratrol. Hence, resveratrol can be considered as a potential candidate against various H. pylori related gastric pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Haider Zaidi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Yu DY, Zhao QL, Wei ZL, Nomura T, Kashiwakura I, Kagiya TV, Kondo T. Enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis of human lymphoma U937 cells by sanazole. Apoptosis 2009; 14:655-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mechanism of apoptosis induced by a newly synthesized derivative of macrosphelides with a thiazole side chain. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 177:218-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis by a new synthesized class of benzocycloalkene compounds. Apoptosis 2008; 13:448-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Claro S, Kanashiro CA, Oshiro MEM, Ferreira AT, Khalil RA. α- and ϵ-Protein Kinase C Activity during Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Response to γ-Radiation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:964-72. [PMID: 17600140 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.125930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of gamma-radiation in treatment of pelvic cancer is associated with injury of healthy surrounding tissues and disorders of intestinal motility; however, the cellular mechanisms involved are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that exposure of visceral smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to gamma-radiation induces apoptosis via activation of specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Cultured SMCs and slices from guinea pig ileum smooth muscle longitudinal layer (GPISMLL) were exposed to 10 to 50 Gy. Flow cytometry in gamma-radiated SMCs showed increased percentage of cells in the sub-G(0)/G(1) phase, a hallmark of apoptosis. gamma-Radiation-induced reduction in cell survival was partially but significantly alleviated with the PKC inhibitors. Sections of gamma-irradiated GPISMLL showed DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling method, whereas the plasma and nuclear membranes were preserved. Confocal microscopy in gamma-radiated SMCs labeled with annexin V-fluorescein showed an increase in apoptotic cells and phosphatidylserine externalization. Contraction of GPISMLL strips in response to KCl and acetylcholine was reduced in tissues exposed to 30 and 50 Gy. gamma-Radiation of GPISMLL caused an increase in PKC activity in the particulate fraction, a decrease in the cytosolic fraction, and increased particulate/cytosolic PKC activity ratio. Western blot analysis revealed significant amounts of alpha- and epsilon-PKC in the cytosolic fraction of control GPISMLL. gamma-Radiation caused an increase in the amount of alpha- and epsilon-PKC in the particulate fraction and a decrease in the cytosolic fraction. Data suggest that gamma-radiation induces apoptosis, growth arrest, and contractile dysfunction in visceral SMCs of GPISMLL via activation and translocation of alpha- and epsilon-PKC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Claro
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yu DY, Matsuya Y, Zhao QL, Ahmed K, Wei ZL, Nemoto H, Kondo T. Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis by a new synthesized class of furan-fused tetracyclic compounds. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1523-32. [PMID: 17458712 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The combined effects of hyperthermia (44 degrees C, 20 min) or X-rays (10 Gy) and a new class of furan-fused tetracyclic synthesized compounds (DFs), on apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells were investigated. Among the tested compounds (DF1 approximately 6), the combined treatment of 10 microM DF with TIPS (triisopropylsilyloxy) (Designated #3 DF3) and hyperthermia showed the largest potency to induce DNA fragmentation at 6 h after hyperthermia but no enhancement was observed if it was combined with X-rays. Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis by DF3 in a dose-dependent manner was observed. When the cells were treated first with DF3 at a nontoxic concentration of 20 microM, and exposed to hyperthermia afterwards, a significant enhancement of heat-induced apoptosis was evidenced by DNA fragmentation, morphological changes and phosphatidylserine externalization. The activation of Bid, but no change of Bax and Bcl-2 were observed after the combined treatment. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, which was induced by hyperthermia, was enhanced by DF3. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was decreased and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was enhanced in the cells treated with the combination. Externalization of Fas was observed following the combined treatment. Flow cytometry revealed rapid and sustained increase of intracellular superoxide due to DF3, and showed subsequent and transient increase in the formation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which was further increased when hyperthermia was combined. These results indicate that the intracellular superoxide and H(2)O(2) generated by DF3 enhance the hyperthermia-induced apoptosis via the Fas-mediated mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Yu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Confirmation of enhanced expression of heme oxygenase-1 gene induced by ultrasound and its mechanism: analysis by cDNA microarray system, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2006; 33:3-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-005-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Feril LB, Kondo T, Cui ZG, Tabuchi Y, Zhao QL, Ando H, Misaki T, Yoshikawa H, Umemura SI. Apoptosis induced by the sonomechanical effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in a human leukemia cell line. Cancer Lett 2005; 221:145-52. [PMID: 15808400 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To obtain an optimal condition for ultrasound (US)-induced apoptosis that could be useful for cancer therapy, we applied low intensity pulsed US to sonicate U937 cells in vitro. Cells were then incubated at different time intervals before measuring apoptosis. The apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The pattern of the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Optimal apoptosis (70.0+/-13.8%) with minimal lysis was attained with 1 MHz ultrasound 0.3 W/cm2, 10% duty factor at 100 Hz for 1 min) at 12 h after sonication. Lack of US-induced free radical detection and absence of Heme oxygenase-1, an intracellular oxidative stress marker, up-regulation in cells, suggest that sonomechanical, not sonochemical, effects are the main mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sagitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Haddad JJ. On the antioxidant mechanisms of Bcl-2: a retrospective of NF-kappaB signaling and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:355-63. [PMID: 15325238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant and prooxidant signaling pathways are emanating as major players in, and regulators of, cell death and apoptosis. Redox conception of the critical role of oxidative stress in determining cell fate is being established-a foundation that craves deeper than the basic understanding of physiochemical interactions to extend beyond that into the realms of deciphering the molecular codes implicated with apoptosis. The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 is no stranger being a major player and decoder in controlling apoptosis, ostensibly via the regulation of redox equilibrium and disequilibrium. One of those potential mechanisms exhibited by Bcl-2 is its ability to counteract the detrimental effects of cell damage caused by free radicals, thereby gaining its well-known property of being an antioxidant. But the question is: what are the molecular mechanisms involved with the antioxidant role of Bcl-2 in the face of cell damage and apoptosis? Currently, a stance is being upheld in that the Bcl-2 antioxidant efficacy should be weighed against its ability to manipulate transcriptional control, through the regulation of specific transcription factors. NF-kappaB is no doubt one of the best candidates when it comes to the arena of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therein, current themes in the burgeoning antioxidant role of Bcl-2 are exposed within the context of transcriptional control of NF-kappaB, thereby holding potential avenues for alleviating therapeutic approaches in the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Haddad
- Severinghaus-Radiometer Research Laboratories, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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