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Wang S, Zhang K, Huang Q, Meng F, Deng S. TLR4 signalling in ischemia/reperfusion injury: a promising target for linking inflammation, oxidative stress and programmed cell death to improve organ transplantation outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1447060. [PMID: 39091500 PMCID: PMC11291251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1447060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantations represent the principal therapeutic interventions for terminal organ failure, a procedure that has salvaged myriad lives annually. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is frequently correlated with an unfavourable prognosis and is relevant for early graft dysfunction and graft survival. IRI constitutes a complex pathological state influenced by a series of factors such as oxidative stress, metabolic stress, leukocytic infiltration, programmed cell death pathways, and inflammatory immune responses. Reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury is one of the main directions of transplantation research. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern-recognition receptors expressed on various organs that orchestrate the immune responses upon recognising PAMPs and DAMPs. Targeting the TLR4 signalling has recently been suggested as a promising approach for alleviating IRI by affecting inflammation, oxidative stress and programmed cell death (PCD). In this minireview, we summarise the role of TLR4 signalling in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and PCD in organ transplantation and discuss their interactions during IRI. A detailed understanding of the multiple functions of TLR4 in IRI provides novel insights into developing therapies to improve organ transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen R, Jiao Z, Shen B, Shuai Z. HSCs-derived exosomes regulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in HIBECs through miR-122-5p mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Genomics 2024; 116:110795. [PMID: 38228248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PBC is an autoimmune-mediated liver disease, and intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBECs) are the target cells of early damage. Previous studies found that miRNAs and inflammation is closely related to PBC. In this study, we extracted exosomes from serum and human IBECs supernatant, and RNA-sequence analyzed the expression profiles of miRNAs. Elisa measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines. RT- qPCR and western blot detected the levels of miR-122-5p, p38 and p-p38. The results showed that 263 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in serum exosomes of PBC patients. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 A, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood of PBC patients were higher than those of normal controls. According to the validation results and previous literature, exosomal miR-122-5p was finally selected as the study object, and correlated with inflammatory factors. In vitro experiments further found that exosomal miR-122-5p may derive from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and can be HIBECs intake, and influence HIBECs inflammatory factor levels though p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This may provide a new strategy for the treatment of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruofei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Piotti P, Pierantoni L, Albertini M, Pirrone F. Inflammation and Behavior Changes in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:1-16. [PMID: 37722946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sickness is a normal response to infections or stress triggered by proinflammatory cytokines that drive local and systemic inflammatory responses. Proinflammatory cytokines act on the brain causing the so called "sickness behavior,"which is thought to improve recovery but can become maladaptive in the long term. Chronic inflammation characterizes many diseases and there is some evidence that dogs and cats experience age-associated increases in inflammation, a condition named "inflammaging." A complex and multifactorial relationship exists between these inflammatory mechanisms, pain, and psychological illness that may complicate veterinary diagnosis and affect the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Piotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pierantoni
- Veterinary Behaviour & Consulting Services at CAN Training Centre, Via Camaldolilli, 79, Naples 80128, Italy
| | - Mariangela Albertini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| | - Federica Pirrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
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Caligiuri A, Becatti M, Porro N, Borghi S, Marra F, Pastore M, Taddei N, Fiorillo C, Gentilini A. Oxidative Stress and Redox-Dependent Pathways in Cholangiocarcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 38247453 PMCID: PMC10812651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary liver tumor that accounts for 2% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide yearly. It can arise from cholangiocytes of biliary tracts, peribiliary glands, and possibly from progenitor cells or even hepatocytes. CCA is characterized by high chemoresistance, aggressiveness, and poor prognosis. Potentially curative surgical therapy is restricted to a small number of patients with early-stage disease (up to 35%). Accumulating evidence indicates that CCA is an oxidative stress-driven carcinoma resulting from chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress, due to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or decreased antioxidants, has been recently suggested as a key factor in cholangiocyte oncogenesis through gene expression alterations and molecular damage. However, due to different experimental models and conditions, contradictory results regarding oxidative stress in cholangiocarcinoma have been reported. The role of ROS and antioxidants in cancer is controversial due to their context-dependent ability to stimulate tumorigenesis and support cancer cell proliferation or promote cell death. On these bases, the present narrative review is focused on illustrating the role of oxidative stress in cholangiocarcinoma and the main ROS-driven intracellular pathways. Heterogeneous data about antioxidant effects on cancer development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Caligiuri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (N.P.); (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - Nunzia Porro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (N.P.); (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - Serena Borghi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (N.P.); (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirella Pastore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Niccolò Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (N.P.); (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (N.P.); (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - Alessandra Gentilini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.)
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Zhao Y, Wei S, Chen L, Zhou X, Ma X. Primary biliary cholangitis: molecular pathogenesis perspectives and therapeutic potential of natural products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164202. [PMID: 37457696 PMCID: PMC10349375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic immune liver disease characterized by persistent cholestasis, interlobular bile duct damage, portal inflammation, liver fibrosis, eventual cirrhosis, and death. Existing clinical and animal studies have made a good progress in bile acid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder inflammatory response, bile duct cell damage, and autoimmune response mechanisms. However, the pathogenesis of PBC has not been clearly elucidated. We focus on the pathological mechanism and new drug research and development of PBC in clinical and laboratory in the recent 20 years, to discuss the latest understanding of the pathological mechanism, treatment options, and drug discovery of PBC. Current clinical treatment mode and symptomatic drug support obviously cannot meet the urgent demand of patients with PBC, especially for the patients who do not respond to the current treatment drugs. New treatment methods are urgently needed. Drug candidates targeting reported targets or signals of PBC are emerging, albeit with some success and some failure. Single-target drugs cannot achieve ideal clinical efficacy. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development of PBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cellular Senescence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Passenger or the Driver? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010132. [PMID: 36611926 PMCID: PMC9818733 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the high morbidity and mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major yet growing burden for our global community. The relapse-prone nature and drug resistance of HCC are regarded as the consequence of varying intracellular processes and extracellular interplay, which actively participate in tumor microenvironment remodeling. Amongst them, cellular senescence is regarded as a fail-safe program, leading to double-sword effects of both cell growth inhibition and tissue repair promotion. Particularly, cellular senescence serves a pivotal role in the progression of chronic inflammatory liver diseases, ultimately leading to carcinogenesis. Given the current challenges in improving the clinical management and outcome of HCC, senescence may exert striking potential in affecting anti-cancer strategies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have emerged to investigate senescence-associated hepatocarcinogenesis and its derived therapies. In this review, we intend to provide an up-to-date understanding of liver cell senescence and its impacts on treatment modalities of HCC.
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Wei Y, Giunta S, Xia S. Hypoxia in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8165. [PMID: 35897741 PMCID: PMC9330578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global aging process continues to lengthen, aging-related diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure) continue to plague the elderly population. Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple tissues and organs and is involved in the development and progression of multiple aging-related diseases. At the same time, some of these aging-related diseases are often accompanied by hypoxia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and the increased secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Hypoxia seems to play an important role in the process of inflammation and aging, but is often neglected in advanced clinical research studies. Therefore, we have attempted to elucidate the role played by different degrees and types of hypoxia in aging and aging-related diseases and their possible pathways, and propose rational treatment options based on such mechanisms for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Sergio Giunta
- Casa di Cura Prof. Nobili–GHC Garofalo Health Care, 40035 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
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Jan MW, Chiu CY, Chen JJ, Chang TH, Tsai KJ. Human Platelet Lysate Induces Antiviral Responses against Parechovirus A3. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071499. [PMID: 35891479 PMCID: PMC9316291 DOI: 10.3390/v14071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (hPL) contains abundant growth factors for inducing human cell proliferation and may be a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a culture medium supplement. However, the application of hPL in virological research remains blank. Parechovirus type-A3 (PeV-A3) belongs to Picornaviridae, which causes meningoencephalitis in infants and young children. To understand the suitability of hPL-cultured cells for PeV-A3 infection, the infection of PeV-A3 in both FBS- and hPL-cultured glioblastoma (GBM) cells were compared. Results showed reduced PeV-A3 infection in hPL-cultured cells compared with FBS-maintained cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed hPL stimulating type I interferon (IFN) antiviral pathway, through which phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were activated and antiviral genes, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, and Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA), were also detected. In addition, an enhanced PeV-A3 replication was detected in the hPL-cultured GBM cells treated with STAT-1 inhibitor (fludarabine) and STAT1 shRNA. These results in vitro suggested an unexpected effect of hPL-activated type I IFN pathway response to restrict virus replication and that hPL may be a potential antiviral bioreagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Jan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yun Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.-H.C.); (K.-J.T.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.C.); (K.-J.T.)
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Dhlamini Q, Wang W, Feng G, Chen A, Chong L, Li X, Li Q, Wu J, Zhou D, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang JS. FGF1 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Med 2022; 28:73. [PMID: 35764933 PMCID: PMC9238076 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are devastating clinical disorders with high mortality, and for which more effective therapies are urgently needed. FGF1, the prototype member of the FGF family, is shown to exert protective effects against injurious stimuli in multiple disease models. Here we aimed to evaluate whether FGF1 pretreatment is protective against LPS-induced ALI and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods For drug-treated groups, C57B/6 mice received a single i.p. injection of FGF1 (1 mg/kg) 1 h before the LPS challenge or not. To induce the ALI model, the mice were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg). Then, histopathological changes in lung tissues were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. ELISA and qPCR assays were used to detect pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in BALF and lung tissues, respectively. The total number of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) in BALF were counted using the Wright-Giemsa method. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using their respective kits. Western blot and immunostaining were used to evaluate the expressions of antioxidants (Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD2, GPX4, and Catalase), as well as the inflammatory and/or apoptosis-related factors (TLR4, NF-κB, and Cleaved- caspase 3). Results FGF1 pretreatment significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced histopathological changes, reduced lung wet/dry ratios, ROS and MDA levels, total BALF protein, inflammatory cell infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant proteins (Nrf-2, HO-1, Catalase, and SOD2). In addition, FGF1 pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of TLR4 and cleaved- caspase 3, inhibited NF-κB activation, and reduced LPS-induced cell apoptosis. Conclusions Altogether, our results suggest that FGF1 pretreatment is protective against LPS-induced ALI through mediating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be attributed to the downregulation of TLR4 expression and inhibition of NF-κB activation, as well as promotion of antioxidant defenses. Therefore, FGF1 administration may prove beneficial in preventative strategies for ALI/ARDS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00502-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qhaweni Dhlamini
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei Wang
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Guifeng Feng
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lei Chong
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xue Li
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jin Wu
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Depu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Pradhan-Sundd T, Kato GJ, Novelli EM. Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatic Dysfunction in Sickle Cell Disease: Lessons From The Townes Mouse Model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C494-C504. [PMID: 35759437 PMCID: PMC9359658 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal-recessive-genetic disorder that affects ~100,000 Americans and millions of people worldwide. Erythrocyte sickling, vaso-occlusion, sterile inflammation and hemolysis are the major pathophysiological pathways leading to liver injury in SCD. Although hepatic dysfunction affects up to 10-40% of SCD patients, therapeutic approaches to prevent liver injury in SCD are not known, and the molecular mechanisms promoting progressive liver injury in SCD remain poorly understood. Animal models have been beneficial in bridging the gap between preclinical and translational research in SCD. Recent advances in methodology have allowed the development of several humanized mouse models to address various aspects of SCD related liver diseases. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic options of SCD associated liver dysfunction using the Townes mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Liver and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Enrico M Novelli
- Pittsburgh Heart, Liver and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Cytokine-Induced Senescence in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Effects on Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061364. [PMID: 35326515 PMCID: PMC8946098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to surgical excision, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapies primarily influence cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor-associated lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Besides complete remission of tumor lesions, in some patients, early tumor regression is followed by a consolidation phase where residing tumors remain dormant. Whereas the cytotoxic mechanisms of the regression phase (i.e., apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and immune cell-mediated cell death) have been extensively described, the mechanisms underlying the dormant state are still a matter of debate. Here, we propose immune-mediated induction of senescence in cancers as one important player. Senescence can be achieved by tumor-associated antigen-specific T helper 1 cells, cytokines or antibodies targeting immune checkpoints. This concept differs from cytotoxic treatment, which often targets the genetic makeup of cancer cells. The immune system's ability to establish "defensive walls" around tumors also places the tumor microenvironment into the fight against cancer. Those "defensive walls" isolate the tumor cells instead of increasing the selective pressure. They also keep the tumor cells in a non-proliferating state, thereby correcting the derailed tissue homeostasis. In conclusion, strengthening the senescence surveillance of tumors by the immune cells of the microenvironment is a future goal to dampen this life-threatening disease.
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12
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Zhang K, Huang Q, Deng S, Yang Y, Li J, Wang S. Mechanisms of TLR4-Mediated Autophagy and Nitroxidative Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:766590. [PMID: 34746034 PMCID: PMC8570305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.766590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic infections have badly affected public health and the development of the breeding industry. Billions of dollars are spent every year fighting against these pathogens. The immune cells of a host produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which promote the clearance of these microbes. In addition, autophagy, which is considered an effective method to promote the destruction of pathogens, is involved in pathological processes. As research continues, the interplay between autophagy and nitroxidative stress has become apparent. Autophagy is always intertwined with nitroxidative stress. Autophagy regulates nitroxidative stress to maintain homeostasis within an appropriate range. Intracellular oxidation, in turn, is a strong inducer of autophagy. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor mainly involved in the regulation of inflammation during infectious diseases. Several studies have suggested that TLR4 is also a key regulator of autophagy and nitroxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of TLR4 in autophagy and oxidation, and focus on its function in influencing autophagy-nitroxidative stress interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yecheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Gene Editing Engineering Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Jiang X, Cui H, Zhou T, He Z, Feng H, Guo Q, Song X, Cao L. ATM at the crossroads of reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3080-3090. [PMID: 34421351 PMCID: PMC8375236 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally small, short-lived and highly reactive molecules, initially thought to be a pathological role in the cell. A growing amount of evidence in recent years argues for ROS functioning as a signaling intermediate to facilitate cellular adaptation in response to pathophysiological stress through the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that plays a crucial role in recycling cellular components and damaged organelles to eliminate sources of ROS in response to various stress conditions. A large number of studies have shown that DNA damage response (DDR) transducer ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein can also be activated by ROS, and its downstream signaling pathway is involved in autophagy regulation. This review aims at providing novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of ATM activated by ROS and its molecular basis for inducing autophagy, and revealing a new function that ATM can not only maintain genome homeostasis in the nucleus, but also as a ROS sensor trigger autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Xie
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyou Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P. R. China
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Mehran S, Taravati A, Baljani E, Rasmi Y, Gholinejad Z. Fever and breast cancer: A critical review of the literature and possible underlying mechanisms. Breast Dis 2021; 40:117-131. [PMID: 33749632 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a common feature in various pathological conditions that manifests a series of molecular events in the internal milieu. Much less attention has been paid to the clinical importance and the management of fever in breast cancer patients. However, several studies have reported an association between postoperative fever and poor treatment outcomes in breast cancer patients. The fever is a side effect of chemotherapy and a manifestation of cancer recurrence. The postmenopausal breast cancer patients experience another body temperature disturbance that is known as a hot flashes. Here, we reviewed the literature regarding postoperative fever and the possible underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Then the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was discussed as a therapeutic option to control postoperative fever. Finally, we reviewed the chemotherapy-induced neutropenic fever and cancer vaccination-induced fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Mehran
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rabe-Rashidi, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Taravati
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Baljani
- Department of Nursing, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zafar Gholinejad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
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15
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Jia R, Yang F, Yan P, Ma L, Yang L, Li L. Paricalcitol inhibits oxidative stress-induced cell senescence of the bile duct epithelium dependent on modulating Sirt1 pathway in cholestatic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:158-168. [PMID: 33872698 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies indicate that vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is reduced in primary biliary cirrhosis patient livers. However, the mechanism by which activated VDR effect cholestatic liver injury remains unclear. METHODS Mice were injected intraperitoneally with the VDR agonist paricalcitol or a vehicle 3 days prior to bile duct ligation (BDL) and for 5 or 28 days after surgery. The analyses of liver morphology and necrotic areas were based on H&E staining. Serum biochemical indicators of liver damage were analyzed by commercial kits. The mechanisms of paricalcitol on cholestatic liver injury were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Paricalcitol ameliorated the BDL-induced liver damage in mice. Paricalcitol increased the proliferation of BECs to promote the repair of the bile duct. Paricalcitol also reduced the BDL-induced oxidative stress level in the mice. Mechanistic analysis revealed that paricalcitol decreased the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells and downregulated the expression of p53, p21 and p16 proteins which was associated with reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, paricalcitol exerted the inhibitory effect of cell senescence was through reducing DNA damage and promoting DNA repair. Interesting, we found that paricalcitol prevented the downregulation of oxidative stress-induced Sirt1 expression in the BDL mice and t-BHP-induced BECs models. Moreover, paricalcitol suppressed cell senescence through a Sirt1-dependent pathway. These results were confirmed by antioxidant ALCAR and the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527. CONCLUSION Paricalcitol alleviated cholestatic liver injury through promoting the repair of damaged bile ducts and reducing oxidative stress-induced cell senescence of the bile duct via modulating Sirt1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, PR China; Department of Cell Biology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China.
| | - Liman Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, PR China.
| | - Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, PR China.
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16
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Papadopoulou A, Cantele A, Koletsi D, Eliades T, Kletsas D. Short- and long-term treatment with TNF-α inhibits the induction of osteoblastic differentiation in cyclic tensile-stretched periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:396-406. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Background
Cyclic tensile stretching (CTS) induces osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF). On the other hand, increased concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are found in inflammatory conditions, leading to periodontal disease and tooth loss. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the short- and long-term effect of TNF-α on the response of human PDLF to CTS and its implication on osteoblastic differentiation.
Methods
PDLF were either pre-incubated for 4 hours or were repeatedly exposed to TNF-α for up to 50 days and then subjected to CTS. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was monitored by western analysis and cell proliferation by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined by the 2´, 7´-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate assay and osteoblastic differentiation by Alizarin Red-S staining after an osteo-inductive period of 21 days.
Results
CTS of PDLF induced an immediate upregulation of the c-fos transcription factor and, further downstream the overexpression of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, two major osteoblast marker genes. A 4-hour pre-incubation with TNF-α repressed these effects. Similarly, long-term propagation of PDLF along with TNF-α diminished their osteoblastic differentiation capacity and suppressed cells’ CTS-elicited responses. The observed phenomena were not linked with TNF-α-induced premature senescence or oxidative stress. While CTS induced the activation of MAPKs, involved in mechanotransduction, TNF-α treatment provoked a small delay in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
Conclusion
Increased concentrations of TNF-α, such as those recorded in many inflammatory diseases, suppress PDLF’s immediate responses to mechanical forces compromising their osteoblastic differentiation potential, possibly leading to tissue’s impaired homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Aurelie Cantele
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Despina Koletsi
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
The fungal metabolite sporidesmin is responsible for the hepatogenous photosensitising disease facial eczema in livestock. Toxicity is due to a sulfur-bridged epidithiodioxopiperazine ring that has wide biological reactivity. The ways in which the toxin causes hepatobiliary and other tissue damage have not been established. Hypotheses include direct interaction with cellular thiols including protein cysteine residues or production of reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative stress. Comparison with the cellular effects of the structurally related compound gliotoxin suggests additional mechanisms including interaction with cell adhesion complexes and possible downstream consequences for regulated necrosis as a response to tissue injury. Revision of hypotheses of how sporidesmin affects cells has the potential to generate new strategies for control of facial eczema including through identification of proteins and genes that are associated with resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jordan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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18
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Studencka-Turski M, Çetin G, Junker H, Ebstein F, Krüger E. Molecular Insight Into the IRE1α-Mediated Type I Interferon Response Induced by Proteasome Impairment in Myeloid Cells of the Brain. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2900. [PMID: 31921161 PMCID: PMC6932173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis is critical for cells to maintain the balance between protein synthesis, quality control, and degradation. This is particularly important for myeloid cells of the central nervous system as their immunological function relies on proper intracellular protein turnover by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Accordingly, disruption of proteasome activity due to, e.g., loss-of-function mutations within genes encoding proteasome subunits, results in systemic autoinflammation. On the molecular level, pharmacological inhibition of proteasome results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-activated unfolded protein response (UPR) as well as an induction of type I interferons (IFN). Nevertheless, our understanding as to whether and to which extent UPR signaling regulates type I IFN response is limited. To address this issue, we have tested the effects of proteasome dysfunction upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors in primary murine microglia and microglia-like cell line BV-2. Our data show that proteasome impairment by bortezomib is a stimulus that activates all three intracellular ER-stress transducers activation transcription factor 6, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and inositol-requiring protein 1 alpha (IRE1α), causing a full activation of the UPR. We further demonstrate that impaired proteasome activity in microglia cells triggers an induction of IFNβ1 in an IRE1-dependent manner. An inhibition of the IRE1 endoribonuclease activity significantly attenuates TANK-binding kinase 1-mediated activation of type I IFN. Moreover, interfering with TANK-binding kinase 1 activity also compromised the expression of C/EBP homologous protein 10, thereby emphasizing a multilayered interplay between UPR and type IFN response pathway. Interestingly, the induced protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-activation transcription factor 4-C/EBP homologous protein 10 and IRE1-X-box-binding protein 1 axes caused a significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 expression that exacerbates STAT1/STAT3 signaling in cells with dysfunctional proteasomes. Altogether, these findings indicate that proteasome impairment disrupts ER homeostasis and triggers a complex interchange between ER-stress sensors and type I IFN signaling, thus inducing in myeloid cells a state of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Studencka-Turski
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gonca Çetin
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heike Junker
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Ferreiro ME, Amarilla MS, Glienke L, Méndez CS, González C, Jacobo PV, Sobarzo CM, De Laurentiis A, Ferraris MJ, Theas MS. The inflammatory mediators TNFα and nitric oxide arrest spermatogonia GC-1 cell cycle. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:329-339. [PMID: 31757605 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During an inflammatory process of the testis, the network of somatic, immune, and germ cell interactions is altered leading to organ dysfunction. In testicular biopsies of infertile men, spermatogenesis impairment is associated with reduced spermatogonia proliferation, increased number of immune cells, and content of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNFα-TNFR and nitric oxide (NO)-NO synthase systems are up-regulated in models of testicular damage and in human testis with maturation arrest. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNFα-TNFR system and NO alter the function of spermatogonia in the inflamed testis. We studied the effect of TNFα and NO on GC-1 spermatogonia cell cycle progression and death by flow cytometry. GC-1 cells expressed TNFR1 and TNFR2 (immunofluorescence). TNFα (10 and 50 ng/ml) and DETA-Nonoate (0.5 and 2 mM), a NO releaser, increased the percentage of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle and reduced the percentage in G1, inducing also cell apoptosis. TNFα effect was not mediated by oxidative stress unlike NO, since the presence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (2.5 and 5.0 mM) prevented NO induced cell cycle arrest and death. GC-1 spermatogonia overpass NO induced cell cycle arrest but no TNFα, since after removal of NO, spermatogonia progressed through the cell cycle. We propose TNFα and NO might contribute to impairment of spermatogenesis by preventing adequate functioning of the spermatogonia population. Our results showed that TNFα and NO impaired spermatogonia cell cycle, inducing GC-1 arrest in the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Ferreiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sofía Amarilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leilane Glienke
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Soledad Méndez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela González
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Marcelo Sobarzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea De Laurentiis
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Theas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Cai Z, Zhang J, Li H. Selenium, aging and aging-related diseases. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1035-1047. [PMID: 30511318 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in the human body and plays an important role in the body via selenoprotein, which contains selenium. Selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, methionine sulfoxide reductase1 and endoplasmic reticulum-selenoproteins, etc.) have antioxidant effects and are involved in regulating antioxidant activities. Aging is an inevitable process and is always accompanied by aging-related diseases. Reactive oxygen species are important initial factors in aging and aging-related diseases. Selenium contributes to the alleviation of reduced reactive oxygen species-mediated inflammation, reduced DNA damage and prolonged telomere length and thereby plays roles in fighting aging and preventing aging-related diseases. In the elderly, aging-related diseases include neuropsychiatric diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and skin aging, among others. Selenium supplementation is an important strategy for anti-aging and the prevention of aging-related diseases and is of great significance for the elderly. However, with the accumulation of related research, selenium supplementation does not necessarily contribute to the prevention of aging and aging-related diseases. It is believed that a low level of selenium is beneficial to the human body. Thus, the effect of selenium on human aging and aging-related diseases is still controversial. This paper reviews the research progress and objective role of selenium in aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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21
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Etherington RE, Millar BJM, Innes BA, Jones DEJ, Kirby JA, Brain JG. Bile acid receptor agonists in primary biliary cholangitis: Regulation of the cholangiocyte secretome and downstream T cell differentiation. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:332-343. [PMID: 32123836 PMCID: PMC6996327 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease. Approximately 30% of patients do not respond to therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Previous studies have implicated increased senescence of cholangiocytes in patients who do not respond to UDCA. This may increase the release of cytokines which drive pathogenic T cell polarization. As FXR agonists are beneficial in treating UDCA non-responsive patients, the current study was designed to model the interactions between cholangiocytes and CD4+ T cells to investigate potential immunomodulatory mechanisms of bile acid receptor agonists. Human cholangiocytes were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells to model the biliary stress response. Senescent cholangiocytes were able to polarize T cells toward a Th17 phenotype and suppressed expression of FoxP3 (P = 0.0043). Whilst FXR and TGR5 receptor agonists were unable directly to alter cholangiocyte cytokine expression, FGF19 was capable of significantly reducing IL-6 release (P = 0.044). Bile acid receptor expression was assessed in PBC patients with well-characterized responsiveness to UDCA therapy. A reduction in FXR staining was observed in both cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in PBC patients without adequate response to UDCA. Increased IL-6 expression by senescent cholangiocytes represents a potential mechanism by which biliary damage in PBC could contribute to excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara A. Innes
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - David E. J. Jones
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John A. Kirby
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John G. Brain
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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22
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Liu S, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Ji R, Wang Y, Wu J, Yan X. IL-6 and miR-1271 expression levels in elderly and young gastric cancer patients and correlation analysis with prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5419-5424. [PMID: 31186760 PMCID: PMC6507464 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in inflammatory factors IL-6 and miR-1271 expression levels between elderly and young gastric cancer patients were investigated. A retrospective analysis of 146 cases of gastric cancer tissue and normal fresh tissue specimens diagnosed in The First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2013 to January 2015, was performed. Patients aged ≥60 years were the elderly group (76 cases), and patients ≤40 years were the youth group (70 cases). RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of IL-6 and miR-1271, and Kaplan-Meier for a postoperative 3-year survival analysis of young and elderly gastric cancer patients. The expression level of IL-6 and miR-1271 was significantly higher in young gastric cancer tissues than that in elderly gastric cancer tissues (P<0.001). The expression levels of IL-6 and miR-1271 were correlated with age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation degree of gastric cancer patients (P<0.05). The 3-year overall survival rate of patients with a low expression of IL-6 and miR-1271 was better than that of patients with a high expression in young and elderly gastric cancer (P<0.05). IL-6 was highly expressed but miR-1271 expression was low in gastric cancer tissues. The 3-year overall survival rate of patients with the low expression of IL-6 was better than that of patients with the high expression in young and elderly gastric cancer. The high expression of miR-1271 was better than that of patients with the low expression in young and elderly gastric cancer. Findings of the present study provide data support for the clinical evaluation of differences between young and elderly gastric cancer and their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics (II), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics (II), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics (II), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics (II), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jiyin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics (II), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics (II), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Kishore D, Gopal A, Gambhir I, Diwaker A. Aging immunity, immunosenescence, or inflamm-aging: A comparative study of cytokines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jms.jms_32_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Wang R, Moniruzzaman M, Shuffle E, Lourie R, Hasnain SZ. Immune regulation of the unfolded protein response at the mucosal barrier in viral infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1014. [PMID: 29632667 PMCID: PMC5881172 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is subject to stringent quality control. When protein secretion demand exceeds the protein folding capacity of the ER, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered as a consequence of ER stress. Due to the secretory function of epithelial cells, UPR plays an important role in maintaining epithelial barrier function at mucosal sites. ER stress and activation of the UPR are natural mechanisms by which mucosal epithelial cells combat viral infections. In this review, we discuss the important role of UPR in regulating mucosal epithelium homeostasis. In addition, we review current insights into how the UPR is involved in viral infection at mucosal barriers and potential therapeutic strategies that restore epithelial cell integrity following acute viral infections via cytokine and cellular stress manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Translational Research Institute Immunopathology Group at Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Translational Research Institute Immunopathology Group at Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Eric Shuffle
- Translational Research Institute Immunopathology Group at Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Translational Research Institute Immunopathology Group at Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Translational Research Institute Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group at Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Sumaira Z Hasnain
- Translational Research Institute Immunopathology Group at Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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25
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Long-term exposure to TNF-α leads human skin fibroblasts to a p38 MAPK- and ROS-mediated premature senescence. Biogerontology 2018; 19:237-249. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Brzeszczyńska J, Meyer A, McGregor R, Schilb A, Degen S, Tadini V, Johns N, Langen R, Schols A, Glass DJ, Roubenoff R, Ross JA, Fearon KCH, Greig CA, Jacobi C. Alterations in the in vitro and in vivo regulation of muscle regeneration in healthy ageing and the influence of sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:93-105. [PMID: 29214748 PMCID: PMC5803613 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. While all humans lose muscle with age, 2-5% of elderly adults develop functional consequences (disabilities). The aim of this study was to investigate muscle myogenesis in healthy elderly adults, with or without sarcopenia, compared with middle-aged controls using both in vivo and in vitro approaches to explore potential biomarker or causative molecular pathways associated with sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic skeletal muscle phenotypes during ageing. METHODS Biomarkers of multiple molecular pathways associated with muscle regeneration were analysed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in quadriceps muscle samples obtained from healthy elderly sarcopenic (HSE, n = 7) or non-sarcopenic (HENS, n = 21) and healthy middle-aged control (HMC, n = 22) groups. An in vitro system of myogenesis (using myoblasts from human donors aged 17-83 years) was used to mimic the environmental challenges of muscle regeneration over time. RESULTS The muscle biopsies showed evidence of satellite cell activation in HENS (Pax3, P < 0.01, Pax7, P < 0.0001) compared with HMC. Early myogenesis markers Myogenic Differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) (P < 0.0001) and the late myogenesis marker myogenin (MyoG) (P < 0.01) were increased in HENS. In addition, there was a 30-fold upregulation of TNF-α in HENS compared with HMC (P < 0.0001). The in vitro system demonstrated age-related upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (2-fold upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 mRNA, increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6, all P < 0.05) associated with impaired kinetics of myotube differentiation. The HSE biopsy samples showed satellite cell activation (Pax7, P < 0.05) compared with HMC. However, no significant upregulation of the early myogenesis (MyoD and Myf5) markers was evident; only the late myogenesis marker myogenin was upregulated (P < 0.05). Higher activation of the oxidative stress pathway was found in HENS compared with the HSE group. In contrast, there was 10-fold higher upregulation of HSPA1A a stress-induced chaperone acting upon misfolded proteins in HSE compared with the HENS group. CONCLUSIONS Both pathological and adaptive processes are active in skeletal muscle during healthy ageing. Muscle regeneration pathways are activated during healthy ageing, but there is evidence of dysregulation in sarcopenia. In addition, increased cellular stress, with an impaired oxidative-stress and mis-folded protein response (HSPA1A), may be associated with the development of sarcopenia. The in vitro system of young and old myoblasts replicated some of the differences between young and old muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angelika Meyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin McGregor
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alain Schilb
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Degen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Tadini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil Johns
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ramon Langen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annemie Schols
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David J Glass
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronenn Roubenoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James A Ross
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carsten Jacobi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abbadie C, Pluquet O, Pourtier A. Epithelial cell senescence: an adaptive response to pre-carcinogenic stresses? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4471-4509. [PMID: 28707011 PMCID: PMC11107641 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cell state occurring in vitro and in vivo after successive replication cycles and/or upon exposition to various stressors. It is characterized by a strong cell cycle arrest associated with several molecular, metabolic and morphologic changes. The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with time plays a role in organismal aging and in several age-associated disorders and pathologies. Moreover, several therapeutic interventions are able to prematurely induce senescence. It is, therefore, tremendously important to characterize in-depth, the mechanisms by which senescence is induced, as well as the precise properties of senescent cells. For historical reasons, senescence is often studied with fibroblast models. Other cell types, however, much more relevant regarding the structure and function of vital organs and/or regarding pathologies, are regrettably often neglected. In this article, we will clarify what is known on senescence of epithelial cells and highlight what distinguishes it from, and what makes it like, replicative senescence of fibroblasts taken as a standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
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IFN-β-induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage contribute to muscle impairment and inflammation maintenance in dermatomyositis. Acta Neuropathol 2017. [PMID: 28623559 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease associated with enhanced type I interferon (IFN) signalling in skeletal muscle, but the mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction and inflammation perpetuation remain unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of early untreated DM muscles revealed that the main cluster of down-regulated genes was mitochondria-related. Histochemical, electron microscopy, and in situ oxygraphy analysis showed mitochondrial abnormalities, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased respiration, which was correlated with low exercise capacities and a type I IFN signature. Moreover, IFN-β induced ROS production in human myotubes was found to contribute to mitochondrial malfunctions. Importantly, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented mitochondrial dysfunctions, type I IFN-stimulated transcript levels, inflammatory cell infiltrate, and muscle weakness in an experimental autoimmune myositis mouse model. Thus, these data highlight a central role of mitochondria and ROS in DM. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, mediated by IFN-β induced-ROS, contribute to poor exercise capacity. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunctions increase ROS production that drive type I IFN-inducible gene expression and muscle inflammation, and may thus self-sustain the disease. Given that current DM treatments only induce partial recovery and expose to serious adverse events (including muscular toxicity), protecting mitochondria from dysfunctions may open new therapeutic avenues for DM.
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29
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Wong PF, Jamal J, Tong KL, Khor ES, Yeap CE, Jong HL, Lee ST, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. Deregulation of hsa-miR-20b expression in TNF-α-induced premature senescence of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:26-33. [PMID: 28595801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are important regulators of cellular senescence yet the extent of their involvement remains to be investigated. We sought to identify miRNAs that are involved in cytokine-induced premature senescence (CIPS) in endothelial cells. CIPS was established in young human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls) following treatment with a sublethal dose (20ng/ml) of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) for 15days. In parallel, HMVEC-Ls were grown and routinely passaged until the onset of replicative senescence (RS). Differential expression analysis following miRNA microarray profiling revealed an overlapped of eight deregulated miRNAs in both the miRNA profiles of RS and TNF-α-induced premature senescence cells. Amongst the deregulated miRNAs were members of the miR 17-92 cluster which are known regulators of angiogenesis. The role of hsa-miR-20b in TNF-α-induced premature senescence, a paralog member of the miR 17-92 cluster, was further investigated. Biotin-labeled hsa-miR-20b captured the enriched transcripts of retinoblastoma-like 1 (RBL1), indicating that RBL1 is a target of hsa-miR-20b. Knockdown of hsa-miR-20b attenuated premature senescence in the TNF-α-treated HMVEC-Ls as evidenced by increased cell proliferation, increased RBL1 mRNA expression level but decreased protein expression of p16INK4a, a cellular senescence marker. These findings provide an early insight into the role of hsa-miR-20b in endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Juliana Jamal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kind-Leng Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Soon Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Earn Yeap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Lan Jong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sui-Ting Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Stress-induced cellular responses and cell death mechanisms during inflammatory cholangiopathies. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:129-138. [PMID: 27618480 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Various cellular responses including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and cellular senescence are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cholangiopathies, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and biliary atresia (BA). For example, dysregulated autophagy may play a role in abnormal expression of mitochondrial antigens and following autoimmune pathogenesis in bile duct lesions in PBC. Recently, new types of regulated cell death including necroptosis, parthanatos, pyroptosis, immunogenic cell death are the subject of numerous reports and they may play roles in pathogenesis of liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Although there have been few studies on these new types of regulated cell death in inflammatory cholangiopathies, so far, they may play important roles in the pathophysiology of inflammatory cholangiopathies. Further studies on new types of regulated cell death are mandatory, since they could be targets of new therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Sasaki
- Department of human pathology, Kanazawa university graduate school of medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of human pathology, Kanazawa university graduate school of medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; Division of pathology, Shizuoka cancer center, Shizuoka, Japan
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31
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Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. New concept: cellular senescence in pathophysiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 10:625-38. [PMID: 26680649 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma, a malignant tumor arising in the hepatobiliary system, presents with poor prognosis because of difficulty in its early detection/diagnosis. Recent progress revealed that cellular senescence may be involved in the pathophysiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Cellular senescence is defined as permanent growth arrest caused by several cellular injuries, such as oncogenic mutations and oxidative stress. "Oncogene-induced" and/or stress-induced senescence may occur in the process of multi-step cholangiocarcinogenesis, and overexpression of a polycomb group protein EZH2 may play a role in the escape from, and/or bypassing of, senescence. Furthermore, senescent cells may play important roles in tumor development and progression via the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. Cellular senescence may be a new target for the prevention, early diagnosis, and therapy of cholangiocarcinoma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Sasaki
- a Human Pathology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanzawa , Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Shizuoka Cancer Center , Shizuoka , Japan
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An Update on Inflamm-Aging: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8426874. [PMID: 27493973 PMCID: PMC4963991 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8426874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflamm-aging is a challenging and promising new branch of aging-related research fields that includes areas such as immunosenescence. Increasing evidence indicates that inflamm-aging is intensively associated with many aging diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, heart disease, type II diabetes, and cancer. Mounting studies have focused on the role of inflamm-aging in disease progression and many advances have been made in the last decade. However, the underlying mechanisms by which inflamm-aging affects pathological changes and disease development are still unclear. Here, we review studies of inflamm-aging that explore the concept, pathological features, mechanisms, intervention, and the therapeutic strategies of inflamm-aging in disease progression.
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Moolmuang B, Singhirunnusorn P, Ruchirawat M. Effects of 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine, Bromodeoxyuridine, Interferons and Hydrogen Peroxide on Cellular Senescence in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:957-63. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Borodkina AV, Shatrova AN, Deryabin PI, Grukova AA, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. Tetraploidization or autophagy: The ultimate fate of senescent human endometrial stem cells under ATM or p53 inhibition. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:117-27. [PMID: 26636375 PMCID: PMC4825783 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that endometrium-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMESCs) via activation of the ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway enter the premature senescence in response to oxidative stress. Down regulation effects of the key components of this signaling pathway, particularly ATM and p53, on a fate of stressed hMESCs have not yet been investigated. In the present study by using the specific inhibitors Ku55933 and Pifithrin-α, we confirmed implication of both ATM and p53 in H(2)O(2)-induced senescence of hMESCs. ATM or p53 down regulation was shown to modulate differently the cellular fate of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs. ATM inhibition allowed H(2)O(2)-stimulated hMESCs to escape the permanent cell cycle arrest due to loss of the functional ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway, and induced bypass of mitosis and re-entry into S phase, resulting in tetraploid cells. On the contrary, suppression of the p53 transcriptional activity caused a pronounced cell death of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs via autophagy induction. The obtained data clearly demonstrate that down regulation of ATM or p53 shifts senescence of human endometrial stem cells toward tetraploidization or autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla N. Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel I. Deryabin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Grukova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena B. Burova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Chen H, Shi B, Feng X, Kong W, Chen W, Geng L, Chen J, Liu R, Li X, Chen W, Gao X, Sun L. Leptin and Neutrophil-Activating Peptide 2 Promote Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence Through Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2383-93. [PMID: 25989537 DOI: 10.1002/art.39196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit enhanced senescence. Cellular senescence has been reported to be induced by several inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-α (IFNα) and IFNγ, that are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. We undertook this study to investigate whether the inflammatory environment in SLE could affect MSC senescence. METHODS Cellular senescence was measured by staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and by expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p53 and p21. Eighty cytokines and chemokines in serum from healthy controls and patients with SLE were identified by cytokine antibody array. RESULTS SLE serum promoted senescence of MSCs, which was reversed by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling inhibitor LY294002 but not by the JAK/STAT inhibitor AG490 and not by the MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059. Cytokine antibody array analysis revealed that leptin and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) were the 2 factors most significantly elevated in SLE serum compared with normal serum. Blockade of leptin or NAP-2 in MSC cultures abolished SLE serum-induced senescence, while direct addition of these 2 factors could promote senescence in cultures of normal MSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling with LY294002 reduced leptin- and NAP-2-induced senescence in MSCs. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data show that leptin and NAP-2 act synergistically to promote MSC senescence through enhancement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyu Shi
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Linyu Geng
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyun Chen
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - WanJun Chen
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lingyun Sun
- Nanjing University and The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1-Mediated Downregulation of Proinflammatory Factors Is Essential for Optimal Lytic Viral Replication. J Virol 2015; 90:887-903. [PMID: 26537683 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01921-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Elevated secretion of inflammatory factors is associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and the pathology of EBV-associated diseases; however, knowledge of the inflammatory response and its biological significance during the lytic EBV cycle remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the immediate early transcriptional activator BZLF1 suppresses the proinflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by binding to the promoter of TNF-α and preventing NF-κB activation. A BZLF1Δ207-210 mutant with a deletion of 4 amino acids (aa) in the protein-protein binding domain was not able to inhibit the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and reduced viral DNA replication with complete transcriptional activity during EBV lytic gene expression. TNF-α depletion restored the viral replication mediated by BZLF1Δ207-210. Furthermore, a combination of TNF-α- and IFN-γ-neutralizing antibodies recovered BZLF1Δ207-210-mediated viral replication, indicating that BZLF1 attenuates the antiviral response to aid optimal lytic replication primarily through the inhibition of TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion during the lytic cycle. These results suggest that EBV BZLF1 attenuates the proinflammatory responses to facilitate viral replication. IMPORTANCE The proinflammatory response is an antiviral and anticancer strategy following the complex inflammatory phenotype. Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection strongly correlates with an elevated secretion of inflammatory factors in a variety of severe diseases, while the inflammatory responses during the lytic EBV cycle have not been established. Here, we demonstrate that BZLF1 acts as a transcriptional suppressor of the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ and confirm that BZLF1-facilitated escape from the TNF-α and IFN-γ response during the EBV lytic life cycle is required for optimal viral replication. This finding implies that the EBV lytic cycle employs a distinct strategy to evade the antiviral inflammatory response.
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Abstract
Oxygen is the basic molecule which supports life and it truly is "god's gift to life." Despite its immense importance, research on "oxygen biology" has never received the light of the day and has been limited to physiological and biochemical studies. It seems that in modern day biology, oxygen research is summarized in one word "hypoxia." Scientists have focused on hypoxia-induced transcriptomics and molecular-cellular alterations exclusively in disease models. Interestingly, the potential of oxygen to control the basic principles of biology like homeostatic maintenance, transcription, replication, and protein folding among many others, at the molecular level, has been completely ignored. Here, we present a perspective on the crucial role played by oxygen in regulation of basic biological phenomena. Our conclusion highlights the importance of establishing novel research areas like oxygen biology, as there is great potential in this field for basic science discoveries and clinical benefits to the society.
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Tang YM, Wang JP, Bao WM, Yang JH, Ma LK, Yang J, Chen H, Xu Y, Yang LH, Li W, Zhu YP, Cheng JB. Urine and serum metabolomic profiling reveals that bile acids and carnitine may be potential biomarkers of primary biliary cirrhosis. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:377-85. [PMID: 26046127 PMCID: PMC4501647 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide non-invasive, reliable and sensitive laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), metabolic technology of ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) was used to compare small molecule metabolites in blood and urine from patients with PBC and healthy controls. We then screened for bio-markers in the blood and urine of the patients with PBC. Data were processed by Bruker ProfileAnalysis metabonomic software and imported to SIMCA-P software, which utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to create models of patients with PBC and healthy controls. In total, 18 urinary markers were found and the levels of 11 of these urinary markers were elevated in the patients with PBC, whereas the levels of the remaining 7 markers were lower in the PBC group compared to the control group. We also identified 20 blood-based biomarkers in the patients with PBC and the levels of 9 of these markers were higher in the PBC group, whereas the levels of the remaining 11 markers were lower in the patients with PBC compared to the controls. Among these biomarkers, the levels of bile acids increased with the progression of PBC, while the levels of carnitines, such as propionyl carnitine and butyryl carnitine, decreased with the progression of PBC. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that the circulating levels of bile acids and carnitine are differentially altered in patients with PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ping Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Yunnan Provincial First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Kun Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Research Center for Liver Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Nakanuma Y, Sasaki M, Harada K. Autophagy and senescence in fibrosing cholangiopathies. J Hepatol 2015; 62:934-45. [PMID: 25435435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosing cholangiopathy such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by biliary epithelial injuries and concentric fibrous obliteration of the biliary tree together with inflammatory cell infiltration. In these diseases, inappropriate innate immunity is reported to contribute more to bile duct pathology as compared with various aspects of "classical" autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by chronic cholangitis with bile duct loss and classical autoimmune features. Cellular senescence of cholangiocytes and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that may modify the milieu of the bile duct and then trigger fibroinflammatory responses in PSC and PBC. Furthermore, deregulated autophagy might be involved in cholangiocyte senescence and possibly in the autoimmune process in PBC, and the deregulated innate immunity against enteric microbes or their products that is associated with cholangiocyte senescence might result in the fibrosing cholangitis that develops in PBC and PSC. In BA, innate immunity against double-stranded RNA viruses might be involved in cholangiocyte apoptosis and also in the development of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cholangiocytes that results in fibrous obliteration of bile ducts. These recent advances in the understanding of immune-mediated biliary diseases represent a paradigm shift: the cholangiocyte is no longer viewed merely as a passive victim of injury; it is now also considered to function as a potential effector in bile duct pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Motoko Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Kanbara Y, Otsu R, Ikeda-Iwabu Y, Carracedo M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Gene therapy in peripheral artery disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:381-90. [PMID: 25633211 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1007039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the remarkable progress of medicine and endovascular procedures for revascularization, patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) remain at high risk for amputation and often have a low quality of life due to pain and ulcers in the ischemic leg. Thus, a novel strategy for generating new blood vessels in CLI patients without treatment options is vital. Pre-clinical studies and Phase I clinical trials using VEGF and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) demonstrated promising results; however, more rigorous Phase II and III clinical trials failed to demonstrate benefits for CLI patients. Recently, two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan (Phase III) and the USA (Phase II) showed the benefits of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy for CLI patients. Although the number of patients included in these trials was relatively small, these results imply a distinct beneficial function for HGF over other angiogenic growth factors in a clinical setting. AREAS COVERED In this review, data from Phase I-III clinical trials of gene therapy for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are examined. In addition, the potential mechanisms behind the success or failure of clinical trials are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Compared with VEGF and FGF, HGF has a unique molecular effect on inflammation, fibrosis and cell senescence under pathological conditions. These features may explain the clinical benefits of HGF in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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Meng L, Quezada M, Levine P, Han Y, McDaniel K, Zhou T, Lin E, Glaser S, Meng F, Francis H, Alpini G. Functional role of cellular senescence in biliary injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:602-9. [PMID: 25619959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that has been involved in many gastrointestinal diseases, including human cholestatic liver disorders. Senescence may play a role in biliary atresia, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cellular rejection, and primary biliary cirrhosis, four liver diseases affecting cholangiocytes and the biliary system. In this review, we examine proposed mechanisms of senescence-related biliary diseases, including hypotheses associated with the senescence-associated phenotype, induction of senescence in nearby cells, and the depletion of stem cell subpopulations. Current evidence for the molecular mechanisms of senescence in the previously mentioned diseases is discussed in detail, with attention to recent advances on the role of pathways associated with senescence-associated phenotype, stress-induced senescence, telomere dysfunction, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Meng
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Doctor of Medicine Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Morgan Quezada
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Phillip Levine
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Academic Operations, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Yuyan Han
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Academic Operations, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Emily Lin
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Academic Operations, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas; Academic Operations, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas.
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Wang XH, Hong X, Zhu L, Wang YT, Bao JP, Liu L, Wang F, Wu XT. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promotes the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus cells via nuclear factor-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:411-7. [PMID: 25304312 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214554533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is known to play a critical role in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the effect of TNF-α on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of TNF-α on proliferation of human NP cells. NP cells were treated with different concentrations of TNF-α. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis and Ki67 immunofluorescence staining, and expression of cyclin B1 was studied by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry and cell apoptosis was analyzed using an Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) & propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis detection kit. To identify the mechanism by which TNF-α induced proliferation of NP cells, selective inhibitors of major signaling pathways were used and Western blotting was carried out. Treatment with TNF-α increased cell viability (as determined by CCK-8 analysis) and expression of cyclin B1 and the number of Ki67-positive and S-phase NP cells, indicating enhancement of proliferation. Consistent with this, NP cell apoptosis was suppressed by TNF-α treatment. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) blocked TNF-α-stimulated proliferation of NP cells. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that the effect of TNF-α on IVD degeneration involves promotion of the proliferation of human NP cells via the NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hu Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Ping Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich D-81675, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Azuma J, Yuka II, Kanbara Y, Iwabayashi M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Therapeutic Angiogenesis by Gene Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Choice of Biological Agent. IMMUNOLOGY, ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 14:32-39. [PMID: 26005508 PMCID: PMC4435566 DOI: 10.2174/1871522213999131231105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, hardening and narrowing arteries over time due to buildup of fatty deposit in vascular bed called plaque. Severe blockage of an artery of the lower extremity markedly reduce blood flow, resulting in critical limb ischemia (CLI) manifested by a variety of clinical syndromes including rest pain in the feet or toes, ulcer and gangrene with infection. Despite significant advances in clinical care and interventions for revascularization, patients with CLI remain at high risk for amputation and cardiovascular death. To overcome this unmet need, therapeutic angiogenesis using angiogenic growth factors has evolved in an attempt to increase blood flow in ischemic limb. Initial animal studies and phase I clinical trials with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) demonstrated promising results, inspiring scientists to progress forward. However, more rigorous phase II and III clinical trials have failed to demonstrate beneficial effects of these angiogenic growth factors to date. Recently, two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan (phase III) and US (phase II) demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy for CLI significant improved primary end points and tissue oxygenation up to two years in comparison to placebo. These clinical results implicate a distinct action of HGF on cellular processes involved in vascular remodeling under pathological condition. This review presents data from phase I-III clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis by gene therapy in patients with PAD. Further, we discuss the potential explanation for the success or failure of clinical trials in the context of the biological mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, including cellular senescence, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junya Azuma
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Fairfax BP, Humburg P, Makino S, Naranbhai V, Wong D, Lau E, Jostins L, Plant K, Andrews R, McGee C, Knight JC. Innate immune activity conditions the effect of regulatory variants upon monocyte gene expression. Science 2014; 343:1246949. [PMID: 24604202 PMCID: PMC4064786 DOI: 10.1126/science.1246949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To systematically investigate the impact of immune stimulation upon regulatory variant activity, we exposed primary monocytes from 432 healthy Europeans to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or differing durations of lipopolysaccharide and mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). More than half of cis-eQTLs identified, involving hundreds of genes and associated pathways, are detected specifically in stimulated monocytes. Induced innate immune activity reveals multiple master regulatory trans-eQTLs including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), coding variants altering enzyme and receptor function, an IFN-β cytokine network showing temporal specificity, and an interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) transcription factor-modulated network. Induced eQTL are significantly enriched for genome-wide association study loci, identifying context-specific associations to putative causal genes including CARD9, ATM, and IRF8. Thus, applying pathophysiologically relevant immune stimuli assists resolution of functional genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Fairfax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter Humburg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Seiko Makino
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel Wong
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Evelyn Lau
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Katharine Plant
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Chris McGee
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Julian C. Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Morita A, Tanimoto K, Murakami T, Morinaga T, Hosoi Y. Mitochondria are required for ATM activation by extranuclear oxidative stress in cultured human hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:1286-90. [PMID: 24406161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in DNA damage response (DDR). A recent study reported that oxidized ATM can be active in the absence of DDR. However, the issue of where ATM is activated by oxidative stress remains unclear. Regarding the localization of ATM, two possible locations, namely, mitochondria and peroxisomes are possible. We report herein that ATM can be activated when exposed to hydrogen peroxide without inducing nuclear DDR in Hep G2 cells, and the oxidized cells could be subjected to subcellular fractionation. The first detergent-based fractionation experiment revealed that active, phosphorylated ATM was located in the second fraction, which also contained both mitochondria and peroxisomes. An alternative fractionation method involving homogenization and differential centrifugation, which permits the light membrane fraction containing peroxisomes to be produced, but not mitochondria, revealed that the light membrane fraction contained only traces of ATM. In contrast, the heavy membrane fraction, which mainly contained mitochondrial components, was enriched in ATM and active ATM, suggesting that the oxidative activation of ATM occurs in mitochondria and not in peroxisomes. In Rho 0-Hep G2 cells, which lack mitochondrial DNA and functional mitochondria, ATM failed to respond to hydrogen peroxide, indicating that mitochondria are required for the oxidative activation of ATM. These findings strongly suggest that ATM can be activated in response to oxidative stress in mitochondria and that this occurs in a DDR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Morita
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Radiological Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan.
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murakami
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morinaga
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hosoi
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Brain JG, Robertson H, Thompson E, Humphreys EH, Gardner A, Booth TA, Jones DEJ, Afford SC, von Zglinicki T, Burt AD, Kirby JA. Biliary epithelial senescence and plasticity in acute cellular rejection. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1688-702. [PMID: 23750746 PMCID: PMC3746108 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biliary epithelial cells (BEC) are important targets in some liver diseases, including acute allograft rejection. Although some injured BEC die, many can survive in function compromised states of senescence or phenotypic de-differentiation. This study was performed to examine changes in the phenotype of BEC during acute liver allograft rejection and the mechanism driving these changes. Liver allograft sections showed a positive correlation (p < 0.0013) between increasing T cell mediated acute rejection and the number of BEC expressing the senescence marker p21(WAF1/Cip) or the mesenchymal marker S100A4. This was modeled in vitro by examination of primary or immortalized BEC after acute oxidative stress. During the first 48 h, the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip) was increased transiently before returning to baseline. After this time BEC showed increased expression of mesenchymal proteins with a decrease in epithelial markers. Analysis of TGF-β expression at mRNA and protein levels also showed a rapid increase in TGF-β2 (p < 0.006) following oxidative stress. The epithelial de-differentiation observed in vitro was abrogated by pharmacological blockade of the ALK-5 component of the TGF-β receptor. These data suggest that stress induced production of TGF-β2 by BEC can modify liver allograft function by enhancing the de-differentiation of local epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Brain
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H Robertson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E Thompson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E H Humphreys
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK,NIHR BRU Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamUK
| | - A Gardner
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - T A Booth
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D E J Jones
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S C Afford
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK,NIHR BRU Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamUK
| | - T von Zglinicki
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A D Burt
- Clinical Deanery, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J A Kirby
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK,*Corresponding author: John A. Kirby,
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O’Hara SP, Tabibian JH, Splinter PL, LaRusso NF. The dynamic biliary epithelia: molecules, pathways, and disease. J Hepatol 2013; 58:575-82. [PMID: 23085249 PMCID: PMC3831345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes, the cells lining bile ducts, are a heterogenous, highly dynamic population of epithelial cells. While these cells comprise a small fraction of the total cellular component of the liver, they perform the essential role of bile modification and transport of biliary and blood constituents. From a pathophysiological standpoint, cholangiocytes are the target of a diverse group of biliary disorders, collectively referred to as the cholangiopathies. To date, the cause of most cholangiopathies remains obscure. It is known, however, that cholangiocytes exist in an environment rich in potential mediators of cellular injury, express receptors that recognize potential injurious insults, and participate in portal tract repair processes following hepatic injury. As such, cholangiocytes may not be only a passive target, but are likely directly and actively involved in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies. Here, we briefly summarize the characteristics of the reactive cholangiocyte and cholangiocyte responses to potentially injurious endogenous and exogenous molecules, and in addition, present emerging concepts in our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of several cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. O’Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - James H. Tabibian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Patrick L. Splinter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F. LaRusso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Hafidh RR, Abdulamir AS, Bakar FA, Jalilian FA, Abas F, Sekawi Z. Novel molecular, cytotoxical, and immunological study on promising and selective anticancer activity of mung bean sprouts. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:208. [PMID: 23122182 PMCID: PMC3522559 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anticancer and immunomodulatory activity of mung bean sprouts (MBS) and the underlying mechanisms against human cervical and hepatocarcinoma cancer cells were explored. METHODS MBS cytotoxicity and MBS-induced anticancer cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-β from cancer cells, and immunological cytokines, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-10 from peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) were assessed by MTS and ELISA assays. Apoptotic cells were investigated by flow cytometry. The expression level of apoptotic genes (Bax, BCL-2, Capsases 7-9) and cell cycle regulatory genes (cyclin D, E, and A) and tumor suppressor proteins (p27, p21, and p53) was assessed by real-time qPCR in the cancer cells treated with extract IC50. RESULTS The cytotoxicity on normal human cells was significantly different from HeLa and HepG2 cells, 163.97 ± 5.73, 13.3 ± 0.89, and 14.04 ± 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. The selectivity index (SI) was 12.44 ± 0.83 for HeLa and 11.94 ± 1.2 for HepG2 cells. Increased levels of TNF-α and IFN-β were observed in the treated HeLa and HepG2 culture supernatants when compared with untreated cells. MBS extract was shown to be an immunopolarizing agent by inducing IFNγ and inhibiting IL-4 production by PBMC; this leads to triggering of CMI and cellular cytotoxicity. The extract induced apoptosis, in a dose and time dependent manner, in treated HeLa and HepG2, but not in untreated, cells (P < 0.05). The treatment significantly induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 in HeLa cells. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase of the treated HeLa cells increased from 62.87 ± 2.1%, in untreated cells, to 80.48 ± 2.97%. Interestingly, MBS IC50 induced the expression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor related genes in both HeLa and HepG2 cells. MBS extract succeeded in inducing cdk-inhibitors, p21, p53, and p27 in HeLa cells while it induced only p53 in HepG2 cells (P < 0.05). This is a clue for the cell type- specific interaction of the studied extract. These proteins inhibit the cyclin-cdk complexes apart from the presence of some other components that might stimulate some cyclins such as cyclin E, A, and D. CONCLUSION MBS extract was shown to be a potent anticancer agent granting new prospects of anticancer therapy using natural products.
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Rodriguez KA, Wywial E, Perez VI, Lambert AJ, Edrey YH, Lewis KN, Grimes K, Lindsey ML, Brand MD, Buffenstein R. Walking the oxidative stress tightrope: a perspective from the naked mole-rat, the longest-living rodent. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 17:2290-307. [PMID: 21736541 DOI: 10.2174/138161211797052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), by-products of aerobic metabolism, cause oxidative damage to cells and tissue and not surprisingly many theories have arisen to link ROS-induced oxidative stress to aging and health. While studies clearly link ROS to a plethora of divergent diseases, their role in aging is still debatable. Genetic knock-down manipulations of antioxidants alter the levels of accrued oxidative damage, however, the resultant effect of increased oxidative stress on lifespan are equivocal. Similarly the impact of elevating antioxidant levels through transgenic manipulations yield inconsistent effects on longevity. Furthermore, comparative data from a wide range of endotherms with disparate longevity remain inconclusive. Many long-living species such as birds, bats and mole-rats exhibit high-levels of oxidative damage, evident already at young ages. Clearly, neither the amount of ROS per se nor the sensitivity in neutralizing ROS are as important as whether or not the accrued oxidative stress leads to oxidative-damage-linked age-associated diseases. In this review we examine the literature on ROS, its relation to disease and the lessons gleaned from a comparative approach based upon species with widely divergent responses. We specifically focus on the longest lived rodent, the naked mole-rat, which maintains good health and provides novel insights into the paradox of maintaining both an extended healthspan and lifespan despite high oxidative stress from a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr. San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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