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Beckmann A, Strassner C, Kwanbunjan K. Thailand - how far are we from achieving a healthy and sustainable diet? A longitudinal ecological study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 29:100478. [PMID: 39315384 PMCID: PMC11418144 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Newly industrialized countries like Thailand have been influenced by globalization, westernization, and urbanization over the last decades, leading to changes in dietary habits as well as food production. Consequences of these changes include rising non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and environmental degradation, which are defined as the leading global challenges today. The objectives of this study are to identify Thailand's dietary changes, considering health and sustainability aspects, and to determine correlations between these changes and NCD cases as well as environmental impacts (GHG emissions, land-, nitrogen-, phosphorus-use). In this way, diet-related adjustments can be identified to promote planetary and human health. Methods In this longitudinal ecological study, relative differences between the average food consumption in Thailand and the reference values of a healthy and sustainable diet, the Planetary Health Diet (PHD), were calculated. Furthermore, a bivariate correlation analysis was conducted, using data, based on Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO's) data, results from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), and PHD's reference values. Findings The consumption quantities of meat, eggs, saturated oils, and sugar increased significantly since 1961. The food groups, that have exceeded PHD's upper reference values, include sugar (+452%), red meat (+220%), grains (+143%), saturated oils (+20%) and eggs (+19%), while vegetables (-63%), and unsaturated oils (-61%) have fallen below PHD's lower limits. Concerning the bivariate correlation analyses, all investigated variables show significant correlations. The most significant correlations were found in NCD cases (r = 0.903, 95% CI 0.804-0.953), nitrogen use (r = 0.872, 95% CI 0.794-0.922), and land use (r = 0.870, 95% CI 0.791-0.921), followed by phosphorus use (r = 0.832, 95% CI 0.733-0.897), and green-house gas (GHG) emissions (r = 0.479, 95% CI 0.15-0.712). Interpretation The results show, that the determined differences of unhealthy or unsustainable food groups have increased concurrently with NCD cases and environmental impacts over the last decades in Thailand. A shift towards a reduced intake of sugar, red meat, grains, saturated oils and eggs along with an increase in vegetables and unsaturated oils, might support environmental and human health. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Beckmann
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, FH Münster University of Applied Sciences, Corrensstraße 25, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Carola Strassner
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, FH Münster University of Applied Sciences, Corrensstraße 25, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Karunee Kwanbunjan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
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Phokasem P, Disayathanoowat T, Chantaphanwattana T, Sinpoo C, Chen YP, Evans JD, Lee JH, Krongdang S. Comparative Toxicity of Oral Exposure to Paraquat: Survival Rates and Gene Expression in Two Honey Bees Species; Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:125026. [PMID: 39326830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees provide vital pollination services to agricultural crops and wild plants worldwide. Unfortunately, the misuse and overuse of pesticides in agricultural production have led to an increase in incidents harming honey bees in recent years. Among the commonly utilized bee species in beekeeping are Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, with wild A. cerana populations widely dispersed in forests, contributing substantially to ecosystem balance. Yet, the impact of paraquat, a toxic herbicide, on A. cerana remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining acute exposure endpoints based on mortality represented by median lethal doses (LD50 values) of paraquat, survival rates, and gene expression patterns between the A. cerana and A. mellifera. The findings revealed that A. cerana exhibits greater sensitivity to paraquat compared to A. mellifera. The acute oral LD50 values for A. cerana were 5.85, 1.74, and 1.21 μg/bee at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for A. mellifera were 104.00, 11.00, and 6.41 μg/bee. Further, the study demonstrated significant upregulation of the detoxification (antioxidative) enzymes SOD1, CAT, and LLDH-X2 in both A. mellifera and A. cerana following exposure to the lethal dose of paraquat. However, SOD2 expression was notably downregulated in both species, indicating potential mitochondrial damage. These findings suggest that while honey bees initiate activate defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, paraquat exposure may still impair mitochondrial function. Paraquat was found to be moderately toxic to A. mellifera but highly toxic to A. cerana, indicating the importance of screening multiple bee species when assessing the risks of chemical exposure. This research provides a rare comparative analysis of chemical stress effects on morbidity and gene expression in two different honey bee species, establishing a foundational framework for risk assessment and the regulation of herbicide risks to pollinating insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Phokasem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMARTBEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMARTBEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Chainarong Sinpoo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMARTBEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Yan Ping Chen
- US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705 USA.
| | - Jay D Evans
- US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705 USA.
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon State, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sasiprapa Krongdang
- US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705 USA; Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University, Sa Kaeo Campus, Sa Kaeo 27160 Thailand.
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Nuwongsa I, Markmee T, Pholpo N, Chockjamsai M, Monum T, Amornlertwatana Y, Tajai P. Paraquat Poisoning: Insights from Autopsy, Histology, and Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Multidisciplinary Forensic Toxicology Practice. TOXICS 2024; 12:675. [PMID: 39330603 PMCID: PMC11435590 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ) is responsible for a significant number of fatalities resulting from self-poisoning. Nevertheless, only a limited number of comprehensive studies focusing on fatal PQ poisoning, which include examination of autopsy findings, histopathology, and quantitative analysis of post-mortem samples, have been published. This study aimed to evaluate autopsy findings, histopathology, and quantitative analysis of PQ in post-mortem human serum samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a simple, sensitive, and specific method. Autopsies were performed on all deaths due to PQ poisoning, and serum samples were sent to the toxicology laboratory for chemical analysis. The method was successfully applied to seven human serum samples, and the results indicate its reliability for detecting PQ. The study reports fatal serum PQ levels ranging from 0.5 to 372.0 µg/mL. The comprehensive data presented in this study can be useful for further research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Preechaya Tajai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (I.N.); (T.M.); (N.P.); (M.C.); (T.M.); (Y.A.)
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Trakulsrichai S, Sittiyuno P, Tansuwannarat P, Tongpoo A. Emamectin Poisoning in Thailand: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes. TOXICS 2024; 12:668. [PMID: 39330596 PMCID: PMC11435638 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (Emamectin) is a broad-spectrum insecticide. Current data regarding emamectin poisoning in humans are very limited. We performed a 10-year retrospective cross-sectional study (2011-2020) using data from the Ramathibodi Poison Center database to examine the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients exposed to emamectin. Eighty-eight patients were included. Most of the patients were male (72.7%) and exposure was frequently oral (86.4%) and intentional (67.0%).Their mean age was 42.8 years. The clinical presentations included gastrointestinal tract symptoms (62.5%), neurological symptoms (27.3%) including seizures, respiratory symptoms (6.8%), and local effects (12.5%). At presentation, the majority of patients exhibited normal consciousness and vital signs. Eleven patients showed no obvious clinical effects. Initially, 15 patients had metabolic acidosis and 11 had hypokalemia. Overall, 46 and 52 patients were administered gastric lavage and activated charcoal, respectively. Most patients (78.4%) were hospitalized, with a median hospital stay of 40 h, and generally received supportive treatment. Eight patients were intubated for ventilator support and one received inotropic drugs. Most patients (90.9%) showed no or minor outcomes; however, two patients died. The presence of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <15 differed significantly (p < 0.001) between patients with no or minor outcomes (n = 80) and those with moderate or fatal outcomes (n = 8). In conclusion, emamectin poisoning mainly caused no or minor clinical effects. A low GCS at presentation was associated with worse outcomes. Therefore, patients who present with low GCS should be closely observed, monitored, and properly managed during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satariya Trakulsrichai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Perapatn Sittiyuno
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Emergency Department, Thung Song Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80110, Thailand
| | - Phantakan Tansuwannarat
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Achara Tongpoo
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Popradit A, Nakhokwik Y, Robischon M, Saiki ST, Yoshimura J, Wanasiri A, Ishida A. Soil degradation and herbicide pollution by repeated cassava monoculture within Thailand's conservation region. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308284. [PMID: 39106244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In a national park in Northeast Thailand, agricultural land has been converted from natural forest by small-scale farmers for cassava agriculture. We hypothesise that long-termed cassava monoculture leads to the degradation of soil properties. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a five-year (2016-2020) study on the physical and chemical properties of soil in cassava farmland, and also examined the soil properties of its adjacent natural forests, as a control. The examined cassava farmland was converted from the natural forest during the five years from 2011 to 2015. The significant decrease in organic carbon and the increases in exchangeable potassium and bulk density were found in 2016, indicating that these soil properties varied quickly following the farmland conversion. On the other hand, the significant increase in soil nitrogen and the decrease in pH were found later in 2020, indicating that these soil properties were gradually altered by repeated agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application and trampling. In contrast, there were no significant differences in available phosphate, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and the soil texture (the fractions of sand, silt, and clay) among the forest and farmland soils. The cation exchange capacity was positively correlated to the fraction of clay, the organic carbon, and pH. The use of glyphosate and paraquat herbicides is prohibited within national parks in Thailand. However, in 2020, glyphosate was detected in farmland soil (up to 5.0 mg kg-1) during both the rainy and dry seasons, and glyphosate (up to 2.5 mg l-1) was detected in stream water from the farmland during the dry season at least in 2020. Soil degradation and herbicide pollution may carry a high risk of causing irreversible changes in terrestrial ecosystems. We discuss the root causes of this issue from perspectives of agricultural production, economy, and the environmental impact, and propose effective policy measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Popradit
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Environmental Studies, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Under Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yutthana Nakhokwik
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Environmental Studies, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Under Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Marcel Robischon
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsuno-sato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arichai Wanasiri
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ban Kho Subdistrict, Non Sang District, Nong Bua Lamphu, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Yun P, Jinorose M, Devahastin S. Rapid smartphone-based assays for pesticides inspection in foods: current status, limitations, and future directions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6251-6271. [PMID: 36779284 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2166897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone-based assays to inspect pesticides in foods have attracted much attention as such assays can transform tedious laboratory-based assays into real-time, on-site, or even home-based assay and hence overcoming the limitations of conventional assays. Although an array of smartphone-based assays is available, information on the use of these assays for pesticides inspection is scattered. The purposes of this review are therefore to compile, summarize and discuss state-of-the-art as well as advantages and limitations of the relevant technologies. Suggestions are provided for further development of smartphone-based assays for rapid inspection of pesticides in foods. Smartphone-based assays relying on enzyme inhibitions are noted to be nonselective qualitative, capable of reporting results in a quantitative manner only when a sample contains an individual pesticide. Smartphone-based assays relying on chemical reactions also target only individual pesticides. Smartphone-based visible spectroscopy can, on the other hand, inspect individual and multiple pesticides with the aid of appropriate colorimetry-, luminescence-, or fluorescence-based assay. Smartphone-based visible-near infrared and Raman spectroscopies are suitable for simultaneous multiple pesticides inspection. Raman spectroscopy is of particular interest as it can detect pesticides even at lower concentrations. This spectroscopic technique can also serve as a real-time assay with the aid of cloud network computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheakdey Yun
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maturada Jinorose
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Dang T, Sehgal N, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Liang D, Smarr M, Naksen W, Fiedler N, Promkam N, Prapamontol T, Suttiwan P, Sittiwang S, Eick SM. Association of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure with sexually dimorphic differences in anogenital distance among Thai farmworker children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118325. [PMID: 38286251 PMCID: PMC11023773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are some of the most abundantly used insecticides, and prenatal exposures have been linked to adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Anogenital distance (AGD) has emerged as an early marker of androgen activity, and later reproductive outcomes, that is sensitive to alteration by environmental chemicals. Here, we examined associations between prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos, an OP insecticide, with AGD. Pregnant farmworkers were enrolled in the Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE; N = 104) between 2017 and 2019 in Northern Thailand. Concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos, were measured in composited urine samples obtained from each trimester of pregnancy. AGD was measured at 12 months of age. Sex-specific adjusted linear regression models were used to examine associations between average and trimester-specific TCPy levels and AGD. In adjusted models for females and males, increasing TCPy was consistently associated with a modest, non-significant reduction in AGD. Across both strata of sex, associations were greatest in magnitude for trimester 3 (females: β = -2.17, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = -4.99, 0.66; males: β = -3.02, 95 % CI = -6.39, 0.35). In the SAWASDEE study, prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure was not strongly associated with AGD at 12 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Neha Sehgal
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Smarr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Rutgers University, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nattawadee Promkam
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Stephanie M Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Sapbamrer R, Sittitoon N, Thongtip S, Chaipin E, Sutalangka C, La-up A, Thirarattanasunthon P, Thammachai A, Suwannakul B, Sangkarit N, Kitro A, Panumasvivat J, Srisookkum T. Socio-demographic, agricultural, and personal protective factors in relation to health literacy among farmers from all regions of Thailand. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1364296. [PMID: 38590809 PMCID: PMC10999635 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1364296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Farmers are vulnerable to adverse health effects from pesticide exposure due to their health literacy (HL). Therefore, this study aims to investigate HL among farmers in four main regions of Thailand, investigating socio-demographics, agricultural, and personal protective factors to their HL. Methods This cross-sectional design study was conducted on 4,035 farmers from January to July 2023. The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-47 items were used to measure HL. Results Thai farmers had a mean HL score of 34.7 ± 8.7, and the farmers in the North region of Thailand had the highest frequency of limited HL (75.8%). Socio-demographic factors that were associated with HL included gender, region of living, marital status, education level, co-morbidity, and number of family members. Agricultural factors associated with HL included planting status, working hours on farm, spraying pesticides, harvesting crops, pesticide use of >1 type, access information from government officers, access information from posters/brochures, information from online multimedia, and access information from neighbors. Personal protective factors that were associated with HL included wearing a hat, goggles, a rubber apron, and a long-sleeved shirt. Discussion Our study recommends that strategies and interventions to enhance the HL of farmers should be focused on the target populations, which include men, widows, or divorced, those with low levels of education, those who have co-morbidities, and those who applied pesticides of more than 1 type and improper personal protective equipment (PPE) use. The primary emphasis needs to be on the North region of Thailand, making that the target area to improve health equity in Thailand. These efforts would enhance the HL of farmers and sustainably improve pesticide safety behavior. Additionally, there is an urgent need for supportive measures aimed at altering on-farm practices and promoting education on alternative pest management strategies, particularly non-chemical crop protection, to ensure sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nalin Sittitoon
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sakesun Thongtip
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Eakasit Chaipin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science, Rajabhat Lampang University, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Chatchada Sutalangka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Aroon La-up
- Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | | | - Ajchamon Thammachai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Boonsita Suwannakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Noppharath Sangkarit
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Taweewun Srisookkum
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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Praneetvatakul S, Schreinemachers P, Vijitsrikamol K, Potchanasin C. Policy options for promoting wider use of biopesticides in Thai agriculture. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24486. [PMID: 38298629 PMCID: PMC10827763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopesticides are rapidly growing in importance for crop protection globally, but nearly all growth is happening in high income countries. No previous work systematically analyzed how lower-income countries can better benefit from the increased availability of biopesticides, which is important because these countries are particularly affected by the adverse effects of chemical pesticide use. Here we review the legislation of biopesticides in Thailand and combine this with stakeholder interviews and interview data from 300 smallholder farmers producing rice, fruit, vegetables, and flowers. We find that Thailand has adopted a biopesticide registration system that facilitates a fast-track registration, but it is still relatively costly considering the small market size. While 65 % of the sampled farmers used biopesticides, most farmers still heavily relied on conventional pesticides as their main method to control pests. Education, farming experience, positive attitudes of biopesticides, adoption of other integrated pest management methods and contacts with government extension agents were positively associated with biopesticide use. Coordinated action is needed to stimulate the supply of a wider range of biopesticide products while promoting adoption among farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwanna Praneetvatakul
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, 50 Phaholyothin Rd., Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | | | - Kampanat Vijitsrikamol
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, 50 Phaholyothin Rd., Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Chakrit Potchanasin
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, 50 Phaholyothin Rd., Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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Pengpan R, Kopolrat KY, Srichaijaroonpong S, Taneepanichskul N, Yasaka P, Kammoolkon R. Relationship Between Pesticide Exposure Factors and Health Symptoms Among Chili Farmers in Northeast Thailand. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:73-82. [PMID: 38327014 PMCID: PMC10861334 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The unsafe use of pesticides in agriculture represents a major hazard to human health. This study was conducted to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and health symptoms among chili farmers in northeast Thailand. METHODS This cross-sectional analytic study included 141 chili farmers in Sakon Nakhon Province, in northeast Thailand. Data regarding health symptoms were gathered using a self-report questionnaire. A medical technician tested blood cholinesterase activity using an erythrocyte method, and an occupational medicine specialist at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand reviewed the results. Associations between personal characteristics, pesticide exposure factors, and health symptoms were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 141 chili farmers studied, 66.7% experienced pesticide poisoning, as indicated by below-normal cholinesterase levels. Fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom associated with pesticide exposure, affecting 37.6% of participants. This was followed by nausea and vomiting (31.9%), dizziness (14.9%), and dry throat (14.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with adverse symptoms: amount of work experience, volume of pesticides used, use of chemical pesticides, use of leaking containers during spraying, direct pesticide exposure while working, contact with pesticide-soaked clothing, consumption of food and drinks in the fields, and blood cholinesterase level indicating risk. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests potential health risks for chili farmers stemming from exposure to and contamination by pesticides used in agricultural practices. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to supply personal protective equipment and to implement educational programs aimed at improving protective behaviors among farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchadaporn Pengpan
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Y. Kopolrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Sribud Srichaijaroonpong
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | | | - Patiwat Yasaka
- Faculty of Management Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin, Thailand
| | - Ratanee Kammoolkon
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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11
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Hemthanon T, Promdonkoy B, Boonserm P. Screening and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for high production of Vip3A and Cry proteins and high thermostability to control Spodoptera spp. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108020. [PMID: 37956858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an entomopathogenic bacterium that produces crystalline (Cry and Cyt) and soluble (vegetative insecticidal proteins or Vips) proteins during the sporulation and vegetative growth phases, respectively. Combining Cry and Vip proteins could delay insect resistance development and exhibit synergistic activity against various insect pests. This study aims to screen Bt isolates collected from Thailand for high Vip3A and Cry protein production levels and high thermostability to control Spodoptera spp. Among the selected Bt isolates with high target protein synthesis, Bt isolate 506 was found to be safe for further biopesticide formulation due to the absence of non-specific metabolite, as determined by the detection of thermo-stable β-exotoxin I based on biological assays and PCR analysis. Bt isolate 506 showed the presence of Cry1A, Cry2A, and Vip3A-type proteins identified as Cry1Aa45, Cry2Aa22, and Vip3A87, respectively. The insecticidal activity of whole culture extracts containing Vip3A and Cry mixtures and culture supernatants containing secreted Vip3A protein was evaluated against the second-instar larvae of S. exigua and S. frugiperda. The Bt isolate 506 showed high toxicity against both insects, and the insecticidal proteins produced by this isolate retained their activity after heating at 50 °C. This Bt isolate is a promising candidate for further development as a biopesticide against lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharathip Hemthanon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Boonhiang Promdonkoy
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panadda Boonserm
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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12
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Chokejaroenrat C, Sakulthaew C, Chantakulvanich S, Angkaew A, Teingtham K, Phansak P, Poompoung T, Snow DD, Harris CE, Comfort SD. Enhanced degradation of herbicides in groundwater using sulfur-containing reductants and spinel zinc ferrite activated persulfate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164652. [PMID: 37295514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A challenge to successfully implementing an injection-based remedial treatment in aquifers is to ensure that the oxidative reaction is efficient and lasts long enough to contact the contaminated plume. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of zinc ferrite nanocomposites (ZnFe2O4) and sulfur-containing reductants (SCR) (i.e., dithionite; DTN and bisulfite; BS) to co-activate persulfate (S2O82-; PS) and treat herbicide-contaminated water. We also evaluated the ecotoxicity of the treated water. While both SCRs delivered excellent PS activation in a 1:0.4 ratio (PS:SCR), the reaction was relatively short-lived. By including ZnFe2O4 in the PS/BS or PS/DTN activations, herbicide degradation rates dramatically increased by factors of 2.5 to 11.3. This was due to the SO4- and OH reactive radical species that formed. Radical scavenging experiments and ZnFe2O4 XPS spectra results revealed that SO4- was the dominant reactive species that originated from S(IV)/PS activation in solution and from the Fe(II)/PS activation that occurred on the ZnFe2O4 surface. Based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), atrazine and alachlor degradation pathways are proposed that involve both dehydration and hydroxylation. In 1-D column experiments, five different treatment scenarios were run using 14C-labeled and unlabeled atrazine, and 3H2O to quantify changes in breakthrough curves. Our results confirmed that ZnFe2O4 successfully prolonged the PS oxidative treatment despite the SCR being completely dissociated. Toxicity testing showed treated 14C-atrazine was more biodegradable than the parent compound in soil microcosms. Post-treatment water (25 %, v/v) also had less impact on both Zea Mays L. and Vigna radiata L. seedling growth, but more impact on root anatomies, while ≤4 % of the treated water started to exert cytotoxicity (<80 % viability) on ELT3 cell lines. Overall, the findings confirm that ZnFe2O4/SCR/PS reaction is efficient and relatively longer lasting in treating herbicide-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Chainarong Sakulthaew
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Sirimon Chantakulvanich
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Athaphon Angkaew
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Teingtham
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
| | - Piyaporn Phansak
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand.
| | - Thapanee Poompoung
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA.
| | - Clifford E Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224, USA.
| | - Steve D Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
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13
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Kumar V, Sharma N, Sharma P, Pasrija R, Kaur K, Umesh M, Thazeem B. Toxicity analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticides on non-target organisms: A critical analysis on toxicity mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116623. [PMID: 37414290 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds are the chemicals which mimics the natural endocrine hormones and bind to the receptors made for the hormones. Upon binding they activate the cascade of reaction which leads to permanent activating of the signalling cycle and ultimately leads to uncontrolled growth. Pesticides are one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals which cause cancer, congenital birth defects, and reproductive defects in non-target organisms. Non-target organisms are keen on exposing to these pesticides. Although several studies have reported about the pesticide toxicity. But a critical analysis of pesticide toxicity and its role as endocrine disruptor is lacking. Therefore, the presented review literature is an endeavour to understand the role of the pesticides as endocrine disruptors. In addition, it discusses about the endocrine disruption, neurological disruption, genotoxicity, and ROS induced pesticide toxicity. Moreover, biochemical mechanisms of pesticide toxicity on non-target organisms have been presented. An insight on the chlorpyrifos toxicity on non-target organisms along with species names have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Bioconversion and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam-602105, India.
| | - Neha Sharma
- Metagenomics and Bioprocess Design Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Institute of Agriculture, Gurdaspur 143521, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Basheer Thazeem
- Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Palakkad 678592, Kerala, India
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14
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Chuasontia I, Sirisom W, Nakpathomkun N, Toommee S, Pechyen C, Tangnorawich B, Parcharoen Y. Development and Characterization of Nano-Ink from Silicon Carbide/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Paraoxon Residuals Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1613. [PMID: 37630149 PMCID: PMC10456359 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing advancement in the synthesis of new nanomaterials has accelerated the rapid development of non-enzymatic pesticide sensors based on electrochemical platforms. This study aims to develop and characterize Nano-ink for applying organophosphorus pesticides using paraoxon residue detection. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide, and silver nanoparticles were used to create Nano-ink using a green synthesis process in 1:1:0, 1:1:0.5, and 1:1:1 ratios, respectively. These composites were combined with chitosan of varying molecular weights, which served as a stabilizing glue to keep the Nano-ink employed in a functioning electrode stable. By using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a field emission scanning electron microscope, researchers were able to examine the crystallinity, element composition, and surface morphology of Nano-ink. The performance of the proposed imprinted working electrode Nano-ink was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The Cyclic voltammogram of Ag NPs/chitosan (medium, 50 mg) illustrated high current responses and favorable conditions of the Nano-ink modified electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the reduction currents of paraoxon using the DPV techniques demonstrated a linear reaction ranging between 0.001 and 1.0 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9959) with a limit of detection of 0.0038 µg/mL and a limit of quantitation of 0.011 µg/mL. It was concluded that the fabricated Nano-ink showed good electrochemical activity for non-enzymatic paraoxon sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsarapong Chuasontia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand; (I.C.)
- Faculty of Learning Science and Education, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Center of Excellence in Modern Technology and Advanced Manufacturing for Medical Innovation, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Wichaya Sirisom
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthapon Nakpathomkun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand; (I.C.)
- Thammasat University Center of Excellence in Modern Technology and Advanced Manufacturing for Medical Innovation, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Surachet Toommee
- Industrial Arts Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Kamphaeng Phet 62000, Thailand
| | - Chiravoot Pechyen
- Thammasat University Center of Excellence in Modern Technology and Advanced Manufacturing for Medical Innovation, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Benchamaporn Tangnorawich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand; (I.C.)
- Thammasat University Center of Excellence in Modern Technology and Advanced Manufacturing for Medical Innovation, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Yardnapar Parcharoen
- Thammasat University Center of Excellence in Modern Technology and Advanced Manufacturing for Medical Innovation, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
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15
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Plangklang N, Athibai S. Viability of zooplankton resting eggs in rice field sediment after pesticide applications. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e106418. [PMID: 37614560 PMCID: PMC10442695 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many herbicide products are commonly used in agricultural areas to prevent and eliminate weeds. Contamination from these toxicants in water might affect aquatic organisms not only in the active stage, but also in the diapause stage. To test the effect of herbicide on the resting eggs of zooplankton, we prepared two rice fields: one field without the application of pesticides (RF-NPA) and one with the application of pesticides (RF-PA) in a sampling year. We conducted a hatching experiment for 30 days. Twenty-four taxa of zooplankton were found. Sixteen species of these were rotifers, seven species were cladocerans and one taxon was an unidentified nauplius copepod. The species richness of zooplankton between RF-NPA (17 taxa) and RF-PA (16 taxa) was close, but species compositions between RF-NPA and RF-PA were different, indicated by the similarity index of 0.545. Lecanidae was the most diverse family of rotifers in both rice fields with nine species, while Chydoridae was the most diverse family of cladocerans (four species). The total abundance of zooplankton of RF-NPA was higher than RF-PA with 1,897 and 1,286 individuals, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H´) and Pielou's evenness (J) in RF-NPA were higher than in RF-PA. The high species richness of zooplankton in both rice fields occurred on days 18 to 30. On the other hand, the highest abundance was recorded on day 18 for RF-NPA and on day 24 for RF-PA. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) demonstrated significant differences in zooplankton community composition between RF-NPA and RF-PA (p < 0.05; ANOSIM test). According to the diversity indices, the RF-NPA has more diversity than the RF-PA, which might be a result of herbicide application in the sampling year. This study suggests that the toxicity of glyphosate should be a concern in terms of the biodiversity of rice field ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaporn Plangklang
- Department of Biology and Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartment of Biology and Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Sujeephon Athibai
- Department of Biology and Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartment of Biology and Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
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16
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Bennett C, Ngamrung S, Ano V, Umongno C, Mahatheeranont S, Jakmunee J, Nisoa M, Leksakul K, Sawangrat C, Boonyawan D. Comparison of plasma technology for the study of herbicide degradation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14078-14088. [PMID: 37197673 PMCID: PMC10184135 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of two different plasma systems, including pinhole plasma jet and gliding arc (GA) plasma, for the degradation of herbicide, diuron, in plasma activated solutions (PAS). In the GA plasma system, air was used to generate plasma, however, Ar, oxygen and nitrogen at different gas compositions were compared in the pinhole plasma jet system. The Taguchi design model was used to study the effects of gas compositions. Results revealed that the pinhole plasma jet system was able to degrade over 50% of the diuron in 60 minutes. The optimal plasma generation condition for the highest degradation of diuron used pure Ar gas. The highest degradation percentage of herbicide in PAS corresponded to the lowest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, nitrite concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) of the PAS. The diuron degradation products were identified as 3,4-dichloro-benzenamine, 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene and 1-chloro-4-isocyanato-benzene via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GA plasma system was not adequate for the degradation of herbicide in PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonlada Bennett
- Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Sawanya Ngamrung
- Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Vithun Ano
- Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Chanchai Umongno
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Advanced Materials of Printed Electronics and Sensors, Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Mudtorlep Nisoa
- School of Science, Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand
| | - Komgrit Leksakul
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Choncharoen Sawangrat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Dheerawan Boonyawan
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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17
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Chaudhari YS, Kumar P, Soni S, Gacem A, Kumar V, Singh S, Yadav VK, Dawane V, Piplode S, Jeon BH, Ibrahium HA, Hakami RA, Alotaibi MT, Abdellattif MH, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Yadav P, Yadav KK. An inclusive outlook on the fate and persistence of pesticides in the environment and integrated eco-technologies for their degradation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 466:116449. [PMID: 36924898 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Intensive and inefficient exploitation of pesticides through modernized agricultural practices has caused severe pesticide contamination problems to the environment and become a crucial problem over a few decades. Due to their highly toxic and persistent properties, they affect and get accumulated in non-target organisms, including microbes, algae, invertebrates, plants as well as humans, and cause severe issues. Considering pesticide problems as a significant issue, researchers have investigated several approaches to rectify the pesticide contamination problems. Several analyses have provided an extensive discussion on pesticide degradation but using specific technology for specific pesticides. However, in the middle of this time, cleaner techniques are essential for reducing pesticide contamination problems safely and environmentally friendly. As per the research findings, no single research finding provides concrete discussion on cleaner tactics for the remediation of contaminated sites. Therefore, in this review paper, we have critically discussed cleaner options for dealing with pesticide contamination problems as well as their advantages and disadvantages have also been reviewed. As evident from the literature, microbial remediation, phytoremediation, composting, and photocatalytic degradation methods are efficient and sustainable and can be used for treatment at a large scale in engineered systems and in situ. However, more study on the bio-integrated system is required which may be more effective than existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh S Chaudhari
- Department of Microbiology, K. J. Somaiya College of Arts, Commerce, and Science, Kopargaon, Maharashtra 423601, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.
| | - Sunil Soni
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University, Lakshmangarh, Sikar 332311, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinars Dawane
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel College Mandleshwar, Madhya Pradesh 451221, India
| | - Satish Piplode
- Department of Chemistry, SBS Government PG College, Pipariya, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh 461775, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Semi Pilot Plant, Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Bo x 530, El Maadi, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Hakami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Postal Code 61413, Box number 9044, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University Collage, Taif University, Turabah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina M S Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Mohammad Hasan P. G. College, Shahganj road, Jaunpur 222001, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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18
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Thammachai A, Sapbamrer R, Rohitrattana J, Tongprasert S, Hongsibsong S, Wangsan K. Effects of urinary of organophosphate metabolites on nerve conduction and neurobehavioral performance among farmers in northern Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:38794-38809. [PMID: 36586021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Farmers are regarded as a high-risk population for pesticide exposure because of the frequency of their occupational exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides. The purposes of this study were 1) to compare urinary OP metabolites, nerve conduction, and neurobehavioral (NB) performance between farmers and a control group, as well as between baseline measurement and after spraying OP pesticides; 2) to investigate the factors associated with increased urinary OP metabolites after spraying OP pesticides; and 3) to investigate the effects of OP metabolites on changes in nerve conduction and NB performance after spraying OP pesticides. This study was conducted with a sample size of 71 farmers and a control group of 26. The findings showed that after spraying OP pesticides total dialkylphosphate (DAP) levels were significantly higher than baseline levels. Multiple linear regression showed that increased urinary OP metabolites among farmers after spraying pesticides were negatively associated with wearing a mask when spraying OP pesticides and positively associated with the number of years of farm work and type of sprayer equipment. The results also showed a positive association between the increased urinary total diethylphosphate (DEP) levels and the decreased amplitude of motor nerve conduction. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between increased urinary total DEP and decreased right amplitude of sympathetic skin response (SSR). An increase in urinary total DMP was positively associated with a decrease in raw score and a standard score of visual-motor integration (VMI). Our findings provide evidence that exposure to OP pesticides can cause a deficit in nerve conduction and NB performance in farmers. These findings may contribute to the early detection of neurological disease and inform strategies to prevent damage to the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajchamon Thammachai
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Chiang Mai, 50200, Muang District, Thailand
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, 19 Mae Ka Subdistrict, Phayao, 56000, Muang District, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Chiang Mai, 50200, Muang District, Thailand.
| | - Juthasiri Rohitrattana
- Center for Safety, Health and Environment of Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siam Tongprasert
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Chiang Mai, 50200, Muang District, Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros Road, Sriphum Subdistrict, Chiang Mai, 50200, Muang District, Thailand
| | - Kampanat Wangsan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros Road, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Chiang Mai, 50200, Muang District, Thailand
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19
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Lambraki IA, Chadag MV, Cousins M, Graells T, Léger A, Henriksson PJG, Troell MF, Harbarth S, Wernli D, Jørgensen PS, Carson CA, Parmley EJ, Majowicz SE. Factors impacting antimicrobial resistance in the South East Asian food system and potential places to intervene: A participatory, one health study. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:992507. [PMID: 36687632 PMCID: PMC9849958 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With AMU projected to increase, South East Asia (SEA) is at high risk of experiencing disproportionate health, social, and economic burdens due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Our objective was to identify factors influencing AMR in SEA's food system and places for intervention by integrating the perspectives of experts from the region to inform policy and management decisions. Materials and methods We conducted two 6.5 h workshops and two 90-min interviews involving 18 AMR and other disciplinary experts from human, animal, and environment sectors who brainstormed the factors influencing AMR and identified leverage points (places) for intervention. Transcripts and workshop materials were coded for factors and their connections and transcribed into a causal loop diagram (CLD). Thematic analysis described AMR dynamics in SEA's food system and leverage points for intervention. The CLD and themes were confirmed via participant feedback. Results Participants constructed a CLD of AMR in the SEA food system that contained 98 factors interlinked by 362 connections. CLD factors reflected eight sub-areas of the SEA food system (e.g., government). Seven themes [e.g., antimicrobial and pesticide use and AMR spread (n = 40 quotes)], six "overarching factors" that impact the entire AMR system [e.g., the drive to survive (n = 12 quotes)], and 10 places for intervention that target CLD factors (n = 5) and overarching factors (n = 2) emerged from workshop discussions. Conclusion The participant derived CLD of factors influencing AMR in the SEA food system demonstrates that AMR is a product of numerous interlinked actions taken across the One Health spectrum and that finding solutions is no simple task. Developing the model enabled the identification of potentially promising leverage points across human, animal, and environment sectors that, if comprehensively targeted using multi-pronged interventions, could evoke system wide changes that mitigate AMR. Even targeting some leverage points for intervention, such as increasing investments in research and capacity building, and setting and enforcing regulations to control antimicrobial supply, demand, and use could, in turn, shift mindsets that lead to changes in more difficult to alter leverage points, such as redefining the profit-driven intent that drives system behavior in ways that transform AMU and sustainably mitigate AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Anna Lambraki
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Irene Anna Lambraki, ✉
| | | | - Melanie Cousins
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tiscar Graells
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anaïs Léger
- Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik John Gustav Henriksson
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia,Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Fredrik Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Center on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Wernli
- Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolee Anne Carson
- Foodborne Disease and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jane Parmley
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Majowicz
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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20
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Sapbamrer R, Kitro A, Panumasvivat J, Assavanopakun P. Important role of the government in reducing pesticide use and risk sustainably in Thailand: Current situation and recommendations. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1141142. [PMID: 36935660 PMCID: PMC10020362 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is an important aspect of Thailand's GDP and development. It ranks as the 8th largest exporter in the world, however, pesticide use associated with the agriculture is ranked 18th in the world and 5th in Asia. Previous studies have clearly stated that pesticides are a threat to human health and the environment. The government is now making efforts to address pesticide use and the health impacts of pesticide use, however, these efforts are still in need of completion. This paper aims to summarize: (1) the current situation with regard to pesticide use in Thailand; (2) the current situation with regard to pesticide poisoning in Thailand; and (3) important role of government in reducing pesticide use and risk sustainably in Thailand: current situation and recommendations. This article suggests that government is a significant driver for reducing pesticide use and risk sustainably and the establishment of push and pull policies, legislation, and strategies. The government needs to strictly adhere to international conventions. Introducing a pesticide tax is essential to reduce redundant pesticide use. Updating of the current act, specific regulations with regard to pesticides and strict enforcement are urgently required. Licensing pesticide applicators should be implemented continuously. Promotion of alternative pest management is needed by supportive production inputs, technology, and markets as well as the development of a monitoring and certification system. Educating consumers on how to choose safe agricultural products and reduce risk from pesticide residues in the products is also necessary. All approaches should be implemented simultaneously and instantly. Importantly, the government needs to cooperate with agricultural sectors, health and environmental sectors, private sectors, as well as food industries to tackle complicate issues in a sustainable manner and lower pesticide use and risk sustainably in Thailand.
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21
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Liang D, Batross J, Fiedler N, Prapamontol T, Suttiwan P, Panuwet P, Naksen W, Baumert BO, Yakimavets V, Tan Y, D'Souza P, Mangklabruks A, Sittiwang S, Kaewthit K, Kohsuwan K, Promkam N, Pingwong S, Ryan PB, Barr DB. Metabolome-wide association study of the relationship between chlorpyrifos exposure and first trimester serum metabolite levels in pregnant Thai farmworkers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114319. [PMID: 36108722 PMCID: PMC9909724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organophosphate (OP) insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, have been linked with numerous harmful health effects on maternal and child health. Limited data are available on the biological mechanisms and endogenous pathways underlying the toxicity of chlorpyrifos exposures on pregnancy and birth outcomes. In this study, we measured a urinary chlorpyrifos metabolite and used high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify biological perturbations associated with chlorpyrifos exposure among pregnant women in Thailand, who are disparately exposed to high levels of OP insecticides. METHODS This study included 50 participants from the Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE). We used liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to conduct metabolic profiling on first trimester serum samples collected from participants to evaluate metabolic perturbations in relation to chlorpyrifos exposures. We measured 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, in first trimester urine samples to assess the levels of exposures. Following an untargeted metabolome-wide association study workflow, we used generalized linear models, pathway enrichment analyses, and chemical annotation to identify significant metabolites and pathways associated with urinary TCPy levels. RESULTS In the 50 SAWASDEE participants, the median urinary TCPy level was 4.36 μg TCPy/g creatinine. In total, 691 unique metabolic features were found significantly associated with TCPy levels (p < 0.05) after controlling for confounding factors. Pathway analysis of metabolic features associated with TCPy indicated perturbations in 24 metabolic pathways, most closely linked to the production of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage. These pathways include tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and peroxisome metabolism, cytochromes P450 metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and vitamin B3 metabolism. We confirmed the chemical identities of 25 metabolites associated with TCPy levels, including glutathione, cystine, arachidic acid, itaconate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. DISCUSSION The metabolic perturbations associated with TCPy levels were related to oxidative stress, cellular damage and repair, and systemic inflammation, which could ultimately contribute to health outcomes, including neurodevelopmental deficits in the child. These findings support the future development of sensitive biomarkers to investigate the metabolic underpinnings related to pesticide exposure during pregnancy and to understand its link to adverse outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liang
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Batross
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Rutgers University, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panrapee Suttiwan
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Psychology, LIFE Di Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Volha Yakimavets
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priya D'Souza
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ampica Mangklabruks
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supattra Sittiwang
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Psychology, LIFE Di Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kanyapak Kohsuwan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Promkam
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Pingwong
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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22
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Chittrakul J, Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S. Exposure to organophosphate insecticides, inappropriate personal protective equipment use, and cognitive performance among pesticide applicators. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1060284. [PMID: 36466523 PMCID: PMC9712794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among pesticide applicators may increase urinary organophosphate (OP) metabolite levels and subsequently increase risks of cognitive performance. Therefore, this study aims to (1) compare urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive performance between pre-and post-pesticide application seasons; (2) PPE use and factors associated with PPE use linked to increased urinary OP metabolite levels during pesticide application; and (3) the association between urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive performance. This longitudinal follow-up study on 79 pesticide applicators was carried out between October 2021 and January 2022. The applicators were interviewed, collected urine samples, and tested for cognitive performance in pre-and post-pesticide application seasons. The results found that the levels of urinary OP metabolites in post-application season were significantly higher than those in pre-application season (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis found that increased total diethylphosphate (DEP) and total dialkylphosphate (DAP) levels were associated with not wearing gloves while mixing pesticides [beta (β) ± standard error (SE) = -43.74 ± 18.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = -80.84, -6.64 for total DEP and -50.84 ± 19.26, 95% CI = -89.41, -12.26 for total DAP] and also with not wearing a mask while spraying pesticides (β ± SE = -31.76 ± 12.24, 95% CI = -56.28, -7.24 for total DEP and -33.20 ± 12.63, 95% CI = -58.49, -7.92 for total DAP) after adjusting for covariates. The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Thai, Thai Mental State Examination, and Mini-Cognitive test in post-pesticide application were significantly lower than those in pre-pesticide application (p < 0.001). However, no association was found between urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive decline. Our findings indicate that inappropriate PPE use during pesticide application was the major factor affecting urinary OP metabolite levels among pesticide applicators. Wearing gloves when mixing pesticides and a mask when spraying pesticides were key factors in reducing occupational exposure to OP. Exposure to OP at low levels and for short periods of exposure may not affect cognitive performance significantly. Therefore, long-term exposure and exposure to high levels of OP should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Chittrakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Ratana Sapbamrer ;
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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23
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Phongphut A, Chayasombat B, Cass AEG, Phisalaphong M, Prichanont S, Thanachayanont C, Chodjarusawad T. Biosensors Based on Acetylcholinesterase Immobilized on Clay-Gold Nanocomposites for the Discrimination of Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39848-39859. [PMID: 36385833 PMCID: PMC9647858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at evaluating a utilization of diverse clay mineral/gold nanoparticles/acetylcholinesterase (clay/AuNPs/AChE) biosensors by using principal component analysis (PCA) for the discrimination of pesticide types and their concentration levels both in the synthetic and real samples. Applications of simple and low-cost clay/AuNP composites of different characteristics as modified-electrode materials are highlighted. Four types of clay minerals, namely, platelike kaolinite (Kaol: 1:1 aluminum phyllosilicate), globular montmorillonite (Mt: 2:1 aluminum phyllosilicate), globular bentonite (Bent: 2:1 aluminum phyllosilicate), and fibrous sepiolite (Sep: 2:1 inverted ribbons of magnesium phyllosilicate), were selected as the base materials. Due to the distinct characteristics of the selected clay, the derived clay/AuNP composites resulted in different physical morphologies, AuNP sizes and loadings, matrix hydrophobicity, and active AChE loading per electrode. These, in turn, caused divergent electrochemical responses for the pesticide determination; hence, no other enzymes apart from AChE were necessary for the fabrication of distinct biosensors. Physical and chemical characterizations of clay/AuNPs were conducted using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical information was recorded by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques. The enzyme inhibition results obtained from the pesticides were treated and used as input data to obtain PCA results. The four fabricated clay/AuNPs/AChE biosensors were able to discriminate chlorpyrifos and carbaryl and their concentration levels for synthetic pesticides and real samples. It was disclosed that a high enzyme inhibition and a high hydrophobic modified-electrode material affect a highly sensitive pesticide biosensor. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of the modified-electrode material plays a major role in discriminating the pesticide types and their concentration levels by the proposed single-enzyme sensor system. The PCA results illustrated that PC2 described the different types of pesticides, and PC1 showed the level of pesticide concentration with high first two principal components. The mixed pesticides could be identified at an especially low total concentration of 0.5 ng/mL in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana Phongphut
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Bralee Chayasombat
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani12120, Thailand
| | | | - Muenduen Phisalaphong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Seeroong Prichanont
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Chanchana Thanachayanont
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani12120, Thailand
| | - Thanawee Chodjarusawad
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Burapha
University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Chonburi20131, Thailand
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24
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Thosapornvichai T, Huangteerakul C, Jensen AN, Jensen LT. Mitochondrial dysfunction from malathion and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with degeneration of GABAergic neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104000. [PMID: 36252730 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity resulting from off-target effects, beyond acetylcholine esterase inhibition, for the commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticides chlorpyrifos (CPS) and malathion (MA) was investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans model systems. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction were observed in yeast following exposure to CPS and MA, suggesting this organelle is a major target. In the C. elegans model, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway showed the most robust induction from CPS and MA treatment among stress responses examined. GABAergic neurodegeneration was observed with CPS and MA exposure. Impaired movement observed in C. elegans exposed to CPS and MA may be the result of motor neuron damage. Our analysis suggests that stress from CPS and MA results in mitochondrial dysfunction, with GABAergic neurons sensitized to these effects. These findings may aid in the understanding of toxicity from CPS and MA from high concentration exposure leading to insecticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
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25
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Sapbamrer R, Chittrakul J. Determinants of Consumers' Behavior in Reducing Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits, Northern Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13033. [PMID: 36293605 PMCID: PMC9602482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in vegetables in northern Thailand exceed the maximum residue limits established by the European Union. Therefore, improved knowledge and behavior in reducing pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits (VF) would reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides. This study aims to investigate the contributing factors of consumers' behavior in reducing pesticide residues in VF. The differences in knowledge, attitude, and behavior in reducing pesticide residues in VF between consumers living in rural and urban communities of Chiang Mai, Thailand were also investigated. The cross-sectional study was carried out during August and October 2021 with 456 participants. Data was collected from participants using a Google form questionnaire. The results indicated that pesticide-free was the top-ranked consideration for VF purchasing. Linear regression analysis found that factors associated with consumers' behavior in reducing pesticide residues in VF were total knowledge scores (Beta (β) ± standard error (SE.) = 1.15 ± 0.18, 95%CI = 0.79, 1.51), total attitude scores (β ± SE. = 1.30 ± 0.49, 95%CI = 3.87, 10.40), having co-morbidity (β ± SE. = 3.2 ± 1.37, 95%CI = 0.52, 5.90), type of VF purchasing (β ± SE. = 1.98 ± 0.57, 95%CI = 0.85, 3.11), frequency of VF purchasing (β ± SE. = 3.81 ± 1.18, 95%CI = 1.49, 6.13), price of VF products (β ± SE. = -2.23 ± 1.13, 95%CI = -4.45, -0.02), and getting information from the broadcasting tower in the village (β ± SE. = 7.13 ± 1.66, 95%CI = 0.32, 2.27).
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26
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Kohsuwan K, Intayoung U, Khacha-Ananda S, Sapbamrer R, Koonrungsesomboon N, Techatoei S, Wunnapuk K. Urinary glyphosate kinetics after occupational exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 245:114021. [PMID: 35981405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate-surfactant herbicides are the most used and imported herbicide in Thailand. Urinary biomonitoring is a very important tool for evaluating glyphosate exposures and its adverse health effects. However, the data for glyphosate toxicokinetics, especially in Asian populations, is relatively limited. The majority of farmers in Thailand have long term experience with glyphosate use, but they generally follow poor safety practices, including insufficient or incorrect use of personal protective equipment during pesticide handling activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the toxicokinetics of glyphosate and its metabolite in urine among maize farmers from the northern region of Thailand. The effects of personal protective equipment usage, as well as farmer behavior during work, on urinary glyphosate levels were also studied. Full-voided spot urine samples were collected over the exposure assessment period (0-72 h). Urinary glyphosate levels were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The maximum concentration in urine (uCmax), the time of peak glyphosate levels in urine (uTmax), and the urinary elimination half-life (ut1/2) were analyzed using the PKSolver program. The median of uCmax were 27.9, 29.2 and 17.1 μg/g creatinine in a one-time spray group, a two-time spray group Day 1 and a two-time spray group Day 2, respectively. The uTmax was 11.0 h in both study groups. The median of elimination ut1/2 in the one-time and the two-time spray group were 7.0 and 18.1 h, respectively. Although these estimated urinary elimination half-lives may have been impacted by the variation in exposure doses among the participants, it provides the first urinary toxicokinetic data of glyphosate among the Asian population. The toxicokinetic information could be used to increase knowledge and awareness amongst farmers, particularly to minimize the risk of exposure to glyphosate and reduce possible adverse health effects from using pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyapak Kohsuwan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Unchisa Intayoung
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supakit Khacha-Ananda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sujitra Techatoei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Klintean Wunnapuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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27
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Klaimala P, Khunlert P, Chuntib P, Pundee R, Kallayanatham N, Nankongnab N, Kongtip P, Woskie S. Pesticide residues on children's hands, home indoor surfaces, and drinking water among conventional and organic farmers in Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:427. [PMID: 35554729 PMCID: PMC10501507 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study measured pesticide levels on children's hands, home indoor surfaces, and drinking water among Thai conventional and organic farm families in three provinces. Farm families in Nakhonsawan and Phitsanulok provinces were the conventional farmers and those in Yasothon province were the organic farmers. Samples were collected in the dry and wet seasons over 2 years (2017 and 2018). All samples were analyzed for organophosphates (OPs), carbamate, pyrethroid, triazines, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). On children's hands, the highest concentrations for the 2 palmar surfaces were found for cypermethrin (7.46 μg) and fipronil (2.88 μg). On home surfaces of approximately 1000 cm2, the highest concentrations were found for cypermethrin (27.94 μg) and fipronil 49.76 μg)/1000 cm2. For the conventional farmers, the most common pesticides on children's hand wipes were cypermethrin and fipronil, which are used as in-home pesticides as well as agricultural pesticides. However, home surface wipes showed other pesticides associated with agriculture were presented in the home during the seasons when they were used, suggesting spray drift or carry home sources for these pesticides. During the wet season, pesticides were found in the drinking water of all provinces. Most common were fenitrothion, profenofos, fenthion, atrazine, and AMPA. Profenofos was found at levels above the health guidelines. During 2017, there was extensive flooding in Thailand which may have contributed to the drinking water contamination, even though most farmers report using tap water or bottled drinking water. Future work is needed to assess the risk of all sources of pesticide exposures in children and to repeat the drinking water pesticide contamination analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakasinee Klaimala
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Paphatsara Khunlert
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakit Chuntib
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nichcha Kallayanatham
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence On Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence On Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA
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28
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Thammachai A, Sapbamrer R, Rohitrattana J, Tongprasert S, Hongsibsong S, Wangsan K. Differences in Knowledge, Awareness, Practice, and Health Symptoms in Farmers Who Applied Organophosphates and Pyrethroids on Farms. Front Public Health 2022; 10:802810. [PMID: 35186843 PMCID: PMC8847372 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.802810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to examine farmers' knowledge, awareness, practices regarding pesticide use, and prevalence of health symptoms related to pesticides exposure among farmers who applied organophosphates (OP) and pyrethroids (PY). METHODS Data regarding demographic variables and health symptoms pertinent to pesticide use was collected from 67 farmers who applied OP and 50 farmers who applied PY using interviews from January to March 2021. RESULTS The farmers who applied OP had lower knowledge, awareness, and prevention practices regarding pesticide use than those who applied PY. After adjustment of covariate variables, the farmers who applied OP had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory conditions (OR = 8.29 for chest pain, OR = 6.98 for chest tightness, OR = 27.54 for dry throat, and OR = 5.91 for cough), neurological symptoms (OR = 10.62 for fatigue and OR = 6.76 for paresthesia), and neurobehavioral symptoms (OR = 13.84 for poor concentration, OR = 3.75 for short term memory, and OR = 8.99 for insomnia) related to pesticide exposure than those who applied PY. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that OP had a more adverse effect on human health than PY, resulting in a higher prevalence of pesticide-related symptoms. The outcomes of this study have the benefit of providing vital information for all stakeholders with regard to the implementation of safe practices in the utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) and pesticide use in a health intervention and health promotion program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajchamon Thammachai
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthasiri Rohitrattana
- Center for Safety, Health and Environment of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siam Tongprasert
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kampanat Wangsan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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29
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Eysenbach G, Fiedler N, Prapamontol T, Suttiwan P, Naksen W, Panuwet P, Sittiwang S, Dokjunyam C, Smarr MM, Marsit CJ, Ryan PB, Siriwong W, Robson MG, Barr DB. Investigation of Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Deficits in Northern Thailand: Protocol for a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e31696. [PMID: 35129451 PMCID: PMC8861866 DOI: 10.2196/31696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to pesticides has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Gaps exist in the current literature about the timing and magnitude of exposures that result in these adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE The Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE) cohort was established to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to pesticides on early indicators of cognitive and motor skills, inhibitory control, emotion regulation, and memory that have been found to be important in the development of subsequent neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental diseases. The overarching goal is to find earlier predictors of potential adverse neurologic outcomes in order to enable earlier interventions that could result in better outcome prognoses. METHODS Recruitment of this prospective, longitudinal birth cohort began in July 2017 and was completed in June 2019 in Chom Thong and Fang, 2 farming districts in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand. Follow-up of the study participants is ongoing. During pregnancy, 7 questionnaires were administered. Time-resolved biospecimen samples were collected monthly (for urine) and during each trimester (for blood) during antenatal care visits. Medical records were abstracted. Infants were administered the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) test at 1 month of age. A total of 322 mother-child pairs completed the NNNS test. All children will be followed until 3 years of age and undergo a series of neurodevelopmental tests. We will complete several additional exposure related analyses. RESULTS A total of 1298 women were screened, and of those, 394 (30.35%) women were enrolled. The mean gestational age at enrollment was 9.9 weeks (SD 2.6). Differences in literacy were observed between Chom Thong and Fang participants. In Fang, about 54 of 105 (51.4%) participants reported being able to read in Thai compared to about 206 of 217 (94.9%) participants in Chom Thong. The percentages were comparable for reporting to be able to write in Thai. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal birth cohort study will inform risk assessment standards for pregnant women in Thailand and other countries. Building awareness of how insecticide exposure during specific windows of pregnancy affects the neurodevelopmental trajectories of children in developing countries is a specific need recognized by the World Health Organization. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31696.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Warangkana Naksen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Chayada Dokjunyam
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Melissa M Smarr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wattasit Siriwong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark G Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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30
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Baumert BO, Fiedler N, Prapamontol T, Naksen W, Panuwet P, Hongsibsong S, Wongkampaun A, Thongjan N, Lee G, Sittiwang S, Dokjunyam C, Promkam N, Pingwong S, Suttiwan P, Siriwong W, Barry Ryan P, Boyd Barr D. Urinary Concentrations of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphate pesticides in the Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106884. [PMID: 34583095 PMCID: PMC8688265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurements of urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites are often used to characterize exposures to organophosphate (OP) insecticides; however, some challenges to using urinary DAP metabolites as an exposure measure exist. OP insecticides have short biological half-lives with measurement in a single urine sample typically only reflecting recent exposure within the last few days. Because of the field staff and participant burden of longitudinal sample collection and the high cost of multiple measurements, typically only one or two urine samples have been used to evaluate OP insecticide exposure during pregnancy, which is unlikely to capture an accurate picture of prenatal exposure. METHODS We recruited pregnant farmworker women in Chom Thong and Fang, two districts of Chiang Mai province in northern Thailand (N = 330) into the Study of Asian Women and their Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE) from 2017 to 2019. We collected up to 6 serial urine samples per participant during gestation and composited the samples to represent early, mid, and late pregnancy. We measured concentrations of urinary DAP metabolites in the composited urine samples and evaluated the within- and between-participant variability of these levels. We also investigated predictors of OP insecticide exposure. RESULTS DAP metabolite concentrations in serial composite samples were weakly to moderately correlated. Spearman correlations indicated that composite urine samples were more highly correlated in Fang participants than in Chom Thong participants. The within-person variances (0.064-0.65) exceeded the between-person variances for DETP, DEP, ∑DEAP, DMP, DMTP, ∑DMAP, ∑DAP. The intraclass correlations (ICCs) for the volume-based individual metabolite levels (ng/mL) ranged from 0.10 to 0.66. For ∑DEAP, ∑DMAP, and ∑DAP the ICCs were, 0.47, 0.17, 0.45 respectively. We observed significant differences between participants from Fang compared to those from Chom Thong both in demographic and exposure characteristics. Spearman correlations of composite samples from Fang participants ranged from 0.55 to 0.66 for the ∑DEAP metabolite concentrations in Fang indicating moderate correlation between pregnancy periods. The ICCs were higher for samples from Fang participants, which drove the overall ICCs. CONCLUSIONS Collecting multiple (∼6) urine samples during pregnancy rather than just 1 or 2 improved our ability to accurately assess exposure during the prenatal period. By compositing the samples, we were able to still obtain trimester-specific information on exposure while keeping the analytic costs and laboratory burden low. This analysis also helped to inform how to best conduct future analyses within the SAWASDEE study. We observed two different exposure profiles in participants in which the concentrations and variability in data were highly linked to the residential location of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney O Baumert
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy Fiedler
- Rutgers University, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Wongkampaun
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nathaporn Thongjan
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Grace Lee
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Chayada Dokjunyam
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Promkam
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Pingwong
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Wattasit Siriwong
- Chulalongkorn University, College of Public Health Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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Sankom A, Mahakarnchanakul W, Rittiron R, Sajjaanantakul T, Thongket T. Detection of Profenofos in Chinese Kale, Cabbage, and Chili Spur Pepper Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared and Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26404-26415. [PMID: 34660998 PMCID: PMC8515571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different types of quantitative technology based on infrared spectroscopy to detect profenofos were compared based on Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR; 12,500-4000 cm-1) and Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR; 4000-400 cm-1) spectroscopies. Standard solutions in the range of 0.1-100 mg/L combined with the dry-extract system for infrared (DESIR) technique were analyzed. Based on partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to develop a calibration equation, FT-NIR-PLSR produced the best prediction of profenofos residues based on the values for R 2 (0.87), standard error of prediction or SEP (11.68 mg/L), root-mean-square error of prediction or RMSEP (11.50 mg/L), bias (-0.81 mg/L), and ratio performance to deviation or RPD (2.81). In addition, FT-MIR-PLSR produced the best prediction of profenofos residues based on the values for R 2 (0.83), SEP (13.10 mg/L), RMSEP (13.00 mg/L), bias (1.46 mg/L), and RPD (2.49). Based on the ease of use and appropriate sample preparation, FT-NIR-PLSR combined with DESIR was chosen to detect profenofos in Chinese kale, cabbage, and chili spur pepper at concentrations of 0.53-106.28 mg/kg. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to obtain the actual values. The best FT-NIR-PLSR equation provided good profenofos detection in all vegetables based on values for R 2 (0.88-0.97), SEP (5.27-11.07 mg/kg), RMSEP (5.25-11.00 mg/kg), bias (-1.39 to 1.30 mg/kg), and RPD (2.91-5.22). These statistics revealed no significant differences between the FT-NIR predicted values and actual values at a confidence interval of 95%, with agreeable results presented at pesticide residue levels over 30 mg/kg. FT-NIR spectroscopy combined with DESIR and PLSR should be considered as a promising screening method for pesticide detection in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Sankom
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University
Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Warapa Mahakarnchanakul
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University
Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ronnarit Rittiron
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Tanaboon Sajjaanantakul
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thammasak Thongket
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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32
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Arphorn S, Manothum A, Santiwung K, Pangunta K, Hara K, Ishimaru T. Working Conditions and Urinalysis Dipstick Testing among Female Rice Farmers: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8942. [PMID: 34501531 PMCID: PMC8430999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess working conditions and renal function among female rice farmers in Nan Province, Thailand. Purposive random sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from 65 female rice farmers using in-depth interviews. A walk-through survey was performed to examine hazards in the rice farm and a dipstick test was used for urinalysis. The results demonstrated that all rice farming stages contained risks from physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic hazards and that no measures had been implemented to protect participants' health from these risks. The screening test results showed low urinary pH (5-6) in 54 women (83.0%), but high urinary specific gravity (1.030) in 25 women (38.5%). Participants' urine contained leukocytes in 15 women (23.1%), protein in 14 women (21.5%) and blood in 13 women (20%). This study results suggest that farming activities affect female rice farmers' health and safety. Urinalysis dipstick tests, which can be administered at the local public health promoting hospital, should be used to assess the occupational health status. The results will be useful for health surveillance and follow-up of the participants. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a larger study including non-farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arphorn
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Aniruth Manothum
- Department of Industrial Arts, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang 52100, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kunio Hara
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 8078555, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 8078555, Japan;
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