1
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Pour PH, Suzaei FM, Daryanavard SM. Greenness assessment of microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:249-278. [PMID: 38466891 PMCID: PMC11216521 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we evaluated the greenness and whiteness scores for microextraction techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, the cons and pros of each evaluated method and their impacts on the provided scores are also discussed. Materials & methods: The Analytical Greenness Sample Preparation metric tool and white analytical chemistry principles are used for related published works (2007-2023). Results & conclusion: This study provided valuable insights for developing methods based on microextraction techniques with a balance in greenness and whiteness areas. Some methods based on a specific technique recorded higher scores, making them suitable candidates as green analytical approaches, and some others achieved high scores both in green and white areas with a satisfactory balance between principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hosseini Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, 79177, Iran
| | - Foad Mashayekhi Suzaei
- Toxicology Laboratories, Monitoring the Human Hygiene Condition and Standard of Qeshm (MHCS Company), Qeshm Island, 79511, Iran
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2
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Moein MM, El Beqqali A, Abdel-Rehim M. Bioanalytical method development and validation: Critical concepts and strategies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1043:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Elmongy H, Ahmed H, Wahbi AA, Amini A, Colmsjö A, Abdel-Rehim M. Determination of metoprolol enantiomers in human plasma and saliva samples utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1309-17. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Elmongy
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; SE10691 Stockholm Sweden
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Damanhour University; Damanhour 22511 Egypt
| | - Hytham Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Damanhour University; Damanhour 22511 Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz Wahbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alexandria; Alexandria 21521 Egypt
| | | | - Anders Colmsjö
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; SE10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; SE10691 Stockholm Sweden
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4
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Alves V, Gonçalves J, Conceição C, Teixeira HM, Câmara JS. An improved analytical strategy combining microextraction by packed sorbent combined with ultra high pressure liquid chromatography for the determination of fluoxetine, clomipramine and their active metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Szultka M, Pomastowski P, Railean-Plugaru V, Buszewski B. Microextraction sample preparation techniques in biomedical analysis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3094-105. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Szultka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Pawel Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Moldova State University; Chisinau Republic of Moldova
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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Pereira J, Câmara JS, Colmsjö A, Abdel-Rehim M. Microextraction by packed sorbent: an emerging, selective and high-throughput extraction technique in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:839-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira; Campus Universitário da Penteada 9000-390 Funchal Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira; Campus Universitário da Penteada 9000-390 Funchal Portugal
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira; Campus Universitário da Penteada 9000-390 Funchal Portugal
| | - Anders Colmsjö
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
- National Research Center of Egypt; Cairo 12622 Egypt
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Salami FH, Queiroz MEC. MICROEXTRACTION IN PACKED SORBENT FOR ANALYSIS OF SULFONAMIDES IN POULTRY LITTER WASTEWATER SAMPLES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.836710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Helena Salami
- a Departamento de Química , Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia C. Queiroz
- a Departamento de Química , Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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Athanasiadou I, Angelis YS, Lyris E, Archontaki H, Georgakopoulos C, Valsami G. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric quantitation of busulfan in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring: A new on-line derivatization procedure for the conversion of busulfan to 1,4-diiodobutane. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 90:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Pan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li G. Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moein MM, Said R, Bassyouni F, Abdel-Rehim M. Solid phase microextraction and related techniques for drugs in biological samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:921350. [PMID: 24688797 PMCID: PMC3943203 DOI: 10.1155/2014/921350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery and development, the quantification of drugs in biological samples is an important task for the determination of the physiological performance of the investigated drugs. After sampling, the next step in the analytical process is sample preparation. Because of the low concentration levels of drug in plasma and the variety of the metabolites, the selected extraction technique should be virtually exhaustive. Recent developments of sample handling techniques are directed, from one side, toward automatization and online coupling of sample preparation units. The primary objective of this review is to present the recent developments in microextraction sample preparation methods for analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Microextraction techniques allow for less consumption of solvent, reagents, and packing materials, and small sample volumes can be used. In this review the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME), microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS), and stir-bar sorbtive extraction (SBSE) in drug analysis will be discussed. In addition, the use of new sorbents such as monoliths and molecularly imprinted polymers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rana Said
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Research Center of Egypt, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Páleníková A, Hrouzková S. Microextraction in packed syringe: solvent-minimized sample preparation technique. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Pereira J, Silva CL, Perestrelo R, Gonçalves J, Alves V, Câmara JS. Re-exploring the high-throughput potential of microextraction techniques, SPME and MEPS, as powerful strategies for medical diagnostic purposes. Innovative approaches, recent applications and future trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2101-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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A critical review of microextraction by packed sorbent as a sample preparation approach in drug bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1409-42. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is widely accepted as the most labor-intensive and error-prone part of the bioanalytical process. The recent advances in this field have been focused on the miniaturization and integration of sample preparation online with analytical instrumentation, in order to reduce laboratory workload and increase analytical performance. From this perspective, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) has emerged in the last few years as a powerful sample preparation approach suitable to be easily automated with liquid and gas chromatographic systems applied in a variety of bioanalytical areas (pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, environmental and food research). This paper aims to provide an overview and a critical discussion of recent bioanalytical methods reported in literature based on MEPS, with special emphasis on those developed for the quantification of therapeutic drugs and/or metabolites in biological samples. The advantages and some limitations of MEPS, as well as its comparison with other extraction techniques, are also addressed herein.
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Skoglund C, Bassyouni F, Abdel-Rehim M. Monolithic packed 96-tips set for high-throughput sample preparation: determination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan in whole blood samples by monolithic packed 96-tips and LC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:714-9. [PMID: 23225551 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A monolithic methacrylate packed 96-tips device was used for the extraction of the busulfan and cyclophosphamide in whole blood samples. Using a packed 96-tips set, a 96-well plate could be handled in about 2 min. The key aspect of the monolithic phase is that monolithic material can offer both good extraction capacity and low-back-pressure properties. The validation of the methodology showed that the accuracy values of quality-control samples were between 99 and 113% for busulfan, and between 103 and 110% for cyclophosphamide. The inter-day precision ranged from 7.0 to 12% for busulfan and from 13 to 16% for cyclophosphamide. The standard calibration curves were obtained within the concentration range 5-2000 nm for busulfan and from 10 to 5000 nm for cyclophosphamide in blood samples. The coefficients of determination were ≥0.99.
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15
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Salami FH, Queiroz MEC. Microextraction in Packed Sorbent for the Determination of Pesticides in Honey Samples by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Rani S, Malik AK. A novel microextraction by packed sorbent-gas chromatography procedure for the simultaneous analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma and urine. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2970-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Bansal P, Gaurav, Nidhi, Malik AK, Matysik FM. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Human Plasma and Groundwater Samples Utilizing Microextraction in Packed Syringe. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Rani S, Malik AK, Singh B. Novel micro-extraction by packed sorbent procedure for the liquid chromatographic analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma and urine. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:359-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Prieto A, Vallejo A, Zuloaga O, Paschke A, Sellergen B, Schillinger E, Schrader S, Möder M. Selective determination of estrogenic compounds in water by microextraction by packed sorbents and a molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with large volume injection-in-port-derivatization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The importance of sample preparation methods as the first stage in bioanalysis is described. In this article, the sample preparation concept and strategies will be discussed, along with the requirements for good sample preparation. The most widely used sample preparation methods in the pharmaceutical industry are presented; for example, the need for same-day rotation of results from large numbers of biological samples in pharmaceutical industry makes high throughput bioanalysis more essential. In this article, high-throughput sample preparation techniques are presented; examples are given of the extraction and concentration of analytes from biological matrices, including protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction and microextraction-related techniques. Finally, the potential role of selective extraction methods, including molecular imprinted phases, is considered.
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Abdel-Rehim M. Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS): a tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 701:119-28. [PMID: 21801877 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial provides an overview on a new technique for sample preparation, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS). Not only the automation process by MEPS is the advantage but also the much smaller volumes of the samples, solvents and dead volumes in the system. Other significant advantages such as the speed and the simplicity of the sample preparation process are provided. In this tutorial the main concepts of MEPS will be elucidated. Different practical aspects in MEPS are addressed. The factors affecting MEPS performance will be discussed. The application of MEPS in clinical and pre-clinical studies for quantification of drugs and metabolites in blood, plasma and urine will be provided. A comparison between MEPS and other extraction techniques such as SPE, LLE, SPME and SBSE will be discussed.
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Rani S, Kumar A, Malik AK, Singh B. Quantification of Tricyclic and Nontricyclic Antidepressants in Spiked Plasma and Urine Samples Using Microextraction in Packed Syringe and Analysis by LC and GC-MS. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vlčková H, Solichová D, Bláha M, Solich P, Nováková L. Microextraction by packed sorbent as sample preparation step for atorvastatin and its metabolites in biological samples—Critical evaluation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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González-Mariño I, Quintana JB, Rodríguez I, Schrader S, Moeder M. Fully automated determination of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan in wastewater by microextraction by packed sorbents and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 684:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Prieto A, Schrader S, Moeder M. Determination of organic priority pollutants and emerging compounds in wastewater and snow samples using multiresidue protocols on the basis of microextraction by packed sorbents coupled to large volume injection gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6002-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Chaves AR, Leandro FZ, Carris JA, Queiroz MEC. Microextraction in packed sorbent for analysis of antidepressants in human plasma by liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Abdel-Rehim M. Recent advances in microextraction by packed sorbent for bioanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2569-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Microextraction by packed sorbent for LC–MS/MS determination of drugs in whole blood samples. Bioanalysis 2010; 2:197-205. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is used as an online sample-preparation method. The determination of local anesthetics lidocaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine directly in human blood was performed using MEPS online with LC–MS/MS. Results: The range of the calibration curves in whole blood was 10–10000 nmol/l. The lower limit of quantification was set to 10.0 nmol/l. The accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 85 to 97%. The interday precision of the studied analytes was within the range 1–5%. The regression correlation coefficient (r2) was over 0.995 for all runs. The present method is rapid, reliable and robust and may be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of studied analytes in whole blood. Conclusion: This assay allows the analysis of drugs in human blood directly. Sample preparation is simple and automated. The assay reduced the handling time and the cost, and could handle small volumes of whole blood samples (25 µl).
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Nováková L, Vlčková H. A review of current trends and advances in modern bio-analytical methods: Chromatography and sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 656:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Chen L, Zhou Z, Shen M, Ma A. Quantitative Analysis of Busulfan in Human Plasma by LC-MS–MS. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Recent developments and applications of microextraction techniques in drug analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:339-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Morales-Cid G, Cárdenas S, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Direct automatic determination of free and total anesthetic drugs in human plasma by use of a dual (microdialysis-microextraction by packed sorbent) sample treatment coupled at-line to NACE-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1684-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Srinivas NR. The emerging technique, microextraction in packed syringes in separation science - Can it eliminate matrix effects and fit with LC/MS/MS strategy? J Sep Sci 2009; 32:165-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Study of the factors affecting the performance of microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) using liquid scintillation counter and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 630:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Two new techniques for sample preparation in bioanalysis: Microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS) and use of a bonded monolith as sorbent for sample preparation in polypropylene tips for 96-well plates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:797-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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