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Racca L, Liuzzi E, Comparato S, Giordano G, Pignochino Y. Nanoparticles-Delivered Circular RNA Strategy as a Novel Antitumor Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8934. [PMID: 39201617 PMCID: PMC11354327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer therapy urgently needs the development of novel strategies. An innovative molecular target is represented by circular RNAs (circRNAs), single-strand RNA molecules with the 5' and 3' ends joined, characterized by a high stability. Although circRNA properties and biological functions have only been partially elucidated, their relationship and involvement in the onset and progression of cancer have emerged. Specific targeting of circRNAs may be obtained with antisense oligonucleotides and silencing RNAs. Nanotechnology is at the forefront of research for perfecting their delivery. Continuous efforts have been made to develop novel nanoparticles (NPs) and improve their performance, materials, and properties regarding biocompatibility and targeting capabilities. Applications in various fields, from imaging to gene therapy, have been explored. This review sums up the smart strategies developed to directly target circRNAs with the fruitful application of NPs in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Racca
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (L.R.); (S.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Liuzzi
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
| | - Simona Comparato
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (L.R.); (S.C.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Ymera Pignochino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (L.R.); (S.C.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
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Aanniz T, El Omari N, Elouafy Y, Benali T, Zengin G, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Sakran AM, Bouyahya A. Innovative Encapsulation Strategies for Food, Industrial, and Pharmaceutical Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400116. [PMID: 38462536 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive metabolites obtained from fruits and vegetables as well as many drugs have various capacities to prevent or treat various ailments. Nevertheless, their efficiency, in vivo, encounter many challenges resulting in lower efficacy as well as different side effects when high doses are used resulting in many challenges for their application. Indeed, demand for effective treatments with no or less unfavorable side effects is rising. Delivering active molecules to a particular site of action within the human body is an example of targeted therapy which remains a challenging field. Developments of nanotechnology and polymer science have great promise for meeting the growing demands of efficient options. Encapsulation of active ingredients in nano-delivery systems has become as a vitally tool for protecting the integrity of critical biochemicals, improving their delivery, enabling their controlled release and maintaining their biological features. Here, we examine a wide range of nano-delivery techniques, such as niosomes, polymeric/solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nano-emulsions. The advantages of encapsulation in targeted, synergistic, and supportive therapies are emphasized, along with current progress in its application. Additionally, a revised collection of studies was given, focusing on improving the effectiveness of anticancer medications and addressing the problem of antimicrobial resistance. To sum up, this paper conducted a thorough analysis to determine the efficacy of encapsulation technology in the field of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Aanniz
- Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10100, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10100, Morocco
| | - Youssef Elouafy
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP, 1014, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, 46030, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Sakran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
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Ronaghi M, Hajibeygi R, Ghodsi R, Eidi A, Bakhtiari R. Preparation of UiO-66 loaded Letrozole nano-drug delivery system: enhanced anticancer and apoptosis activity. AMB Express 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38622436 PMCID: PMC11018590 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of drug delivery systems in targeting and achieving the targeting of drugs in treating diseases, especially cancer, has attracted the attention of researchers. Letrozole is one of the drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, the organic-metallic pharmaceutical porous nanostructure based on zirconium UiO-66 loaded letrozole was synthesized. Its cytotoxicity and effect on apoptosis and migration against breast cancer cell line were investigated. In this experimental study, the UiO-66 nanoparticle-loaded letrozole was synthesized using zirconium chloride (ZrCl4), dimethylformamide (DMF), and HCl. Its characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy, and its average size was determined by the DLS method. Also, the rate of letrozole drug release from the nanoparticle was investigated in 24, 48, and 72 h. In addition, its cytotoxicity effects were investigated using the MTT colorimetric method at concentrations of 3.125-100 µg/ml against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in the periods of 48 and 72 h. Also, the expression level of apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl2 was investigated by the Real-Time PCR method. Also, the amount of cell migration was done by the migration assay method. The results showed that UiO-66 bound to letrozole had a spherical morphology and an average size of 9.2 ± 160.1. Also, the letrozole drug was loaded by 62.21 ± 1.80% in UiO-66 nanoparticles and had a slower release pattern than free letrozole in the drug release test, so within 72 h, 99.99% of free letrozole was released in If in UiO-66 containing letrozole, 57.55% of the drug has been released. Also, the cytotoxicity results showed that UiO-66 bound to letrozole has more significant cytotoxic effects than free letrozole (p < 0.05). Also, the results of Bax and Bcl2 gene expression showed that the treatment of MCF-7 cells with UiO-66 nanoparticles attached to letrozole increased the expression of Bax and Bcl2 genes compared to the reference gene Beta-actin in MCF-7 cell line, respectively. (p < 0.05) increased by 3.71 ± 0.42 and (p < 0.01) decreased by 0.636 ± 0.034 (p < 0.05). Cell migration results showed that the concentration of 50 µg/ml of UiO-66 bound to letrozole decreased the migration of MCF-7 cells. Generally, the results of this study showed that UiO-66 loaded letrozole can be used as a suitable drug carrier for cellular purposes, as it has increased the effects of cytotoxicity and the rate of apoptosis in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), so it can be used with more studies used nanocarriers as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ronaghi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghodsi
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kargari Aghmiouni D, Khoee S. Dual-Drug Delivery by Anisotropic and Uniform Hybrid Nanostructures: A Comparative Study of the Function and Substrate-Drug Interaction Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1214. [PMID: 37111700 PMCID: PMC10142803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
By utilizing nanoparticles to upload and interact with several pharmaceuticals in varying methods, the primary obstacles associated with loading two or more medications or cargos with different characteristics may be addressed. Therefore, it is feasible to evaluate the benefits provided by co-delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles by investigating the properties and functions of the commonly used structures, such as multi- or simultaneous-stage controlled release, synergic effect, enhanced targetability, and internalization. However, due to the unique surface or core features of each hybrid design, the eventual drug-carrier interactions, release, and penetration processes may vary. Our review article focused on the drug's loading, binding interactions, release, physiochemical, and surface functionalization features, as well as the varying internalization and cytotoxicity of each structure that may aid in the selection of an appropriate design. This was achieved by comparing the actions of uniform-surfaced hybrid particles (such as core-shell particles) to those of anisotropic, asymmetrical hybrid particles (such as Janus, multicompartment, or patchy particles). Information is provided on the use of homogeneous or heterogeneous particles with specified characteristics for the simultaneous delivery of various cargos, possibly enhancing the efficacy of treatment techniques for illnesses such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
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Mazur A, Niesyto K, Neugebauer D. Pharmaceutical Functionalization of Monomeric Ionic Liquid for the Preparation of Ionic Graft Polymer Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314731. [PMID: 36499061 PMCID: PMC9735495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerizable choline-based ionic liquid (IL), i.e., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium (TMAMA/Cl¯), was functionalized by an ion exchange reaction with pharmaceutical anions, i.e., cloxacillin (CLX¯) and fusidate (FUS¯), as the antibacterial agents. The modified biocompatible IL monomers (TMAMA/CLX¯, TMAMA/FUS¯) were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to prepare the graft copolymers (19-50 mol% of TMAMA units) serving as the drug (co)delivery systems. The in vitro drug release, which was driven by the exchange reaction of the pharmaceutical anions to phosphate ones in PBS medium, was observed for 44% of CLX¯ (2.7 μg/mL) and 53% of FUS¯ (3.6 μg/mL) in the single systems. Similar amounts of released drugs were detected for the dual system, i.e., 41% of CLX¯ (2.2 μg/mL) and 33% of FUS¯ (2.0 μg/mL). The investigated drug ionic polymer conjugates were examined for their cytotoxicity by MTT test, showing a low toxic effect against human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) as the normal cell lines. The satisfactory drug contents and the release profiles attained for the well-defined graft polymers with ionically bonded pharmaceuticals in the side chains make them promising drug carriers in both separate and combined drug delivery systems.
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Yousuf S, Siddique HR, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. Functionalized graphene oxide loaded GATPT as rationally designed vehicle for cancer-targeted drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Khan MI, Hossain MI, Hossain MK, Rubel MHK, Hossain KM, Mahfuz AMUB, Anik MI. Recent Progress in Nanostructured Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:971-1012. [PMID: 35226465 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional treatment approaches for cancer involve intravenous chemotherapy or other forms of drug delivery. These therapeutic measures suffer from several limitations such as nonspecific targeting, poor biodistribution, and buildup of drug resistances. However, significant technological advancements have been made in terms of superior modes of drug delivery over the last few decades. Technical capability in analyzing the molecular mechanisms of tumor biology, nanotechnology─particularly the development of biocompatible nanoparticles, surface modification techniques, microelectronics, and material sciences─has increased. As a result, a significant number of nanostructured carriers that can deliver drugs to specific cancerous sites with high efficiency have been developed. This particular maneuver that enables the introduction of a therapeutic nanostructured substance in the body by controlling the rate, time, and place is defined as the nanostructured drug delivery system (NDDS). Because of their versatility and ability to incorporate features such as specific targeting, water solubility, stability, biocompatibility, degradability, and ability to reverse drug resistance, they have attracted the interest of the scientific community, in general, and nanotechnologists as well as biomedical scientists. To keep pace with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, specific technical aspects of the recent NDDSs and their prospects need to be reported coherently. To address these ongoing issues, this review article provides an overview of different NDDSs such as lipids, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. In addition, this review also reports the challenges of current NDDSs and points out the prospective research directions of these nanocarriers. From our focused review, we conclude that still now the most advanced and potent field of application for NDDSs is lipid-based, while other significantly potential fields include polymer-based and inorganic NDDSs. However, despite the promises, challenges remain in practical implementations of such NDDSs in terms of dosage and stability, and caution should be exercised regarding biocompatibility of materials. Considering these aspects objectively, this review on NDDSs will be particularly of interest for small-to-large scale industrial researchers and academicians with expertise in drug delivery, cancer research, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - M Imran Hossain
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270, United States
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.,Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - M H K Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - K M Hossain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A M U B Mahfuz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Geethakumari D, Bhaskaran Sathyabhama A, Raji Sathyan K, Mohandas D, Somasekharan JV, Thavarool Puthiyedathu S. Folate functionalized chitosan nanoparticles as targeted delivery systems for improved anticancer efficiency of cytarabine in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:150-161. [PMID: 34973988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drug cytarabine, has been widely used for treating haematological malignancies while it has minimal activity against solid tumours, which demands continuous infusion leading to high dose cytarabine toxicity. In this study, folate conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (FCCNP) were used for targeted delivery of cytarabine in breast adenocarcinoma cell lines by making use of the overexpressed folate receptors on the surface of MCF-7. Folate was conjugated to chitosan using carbodiimide. FCCNPs show spherical morphology with a size of<50 nm. Zeta potential of + 45.2 mV and PDI of 0.98 from DLS measurement confirms a stable monodisperse nanoformulation. Cytotoxicity was studied in folate receptor positive, MCF-7 and folate receptor negative, A-549 cell lines. Increased cellular uptake of the drug incorporated nanoparticles was confirmed in MCF-7 cells with fluorophore, squaraine 650 compared to A-549 cells. The relative fold of expression of genes involved in apoptosis such as bax, cyt c and cas 9 were upregulated. The present in vitro study confirms improved cytotoxicity of cytarabine folate conjugated chitosan nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Geethakumari
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Anoop Bhaskaran Sathyabhama
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnapriya Raji Sathyan
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Dhaneesha Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Jisha V Somasekharan
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, MES Keveeyam College, Valanchery 676552, Kerala, India
| | - Sajeevan Thavarool Puthiyedathu
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682 016, Kerala, India.
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