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Vilčková M, Škereňová M, Dobrota D, Kaplán P, Jurečeková J, Kliment J, Híveš M, Dušenka R, Evin D, Knoško Brožová M, Kmeťová Sivoňová M. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding CYP1A2 influence prostate cancer risk and progression. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:85. [PMID: 36760517 PMCID: PMC9878356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) rs2472299, rs2470890 and rs11072508 polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk, disease progression and tumour development remains unclear. The potential associations of these three CYP1A2 polymorphisms and haplotypes with prostate cancer susceptibility and its clinicopathological characteristics were therefore investigated. The present case-control study consisted of 522 patients with prostate cancer and 554 healthy controls. High-resolution melting analysis was used to determine the CYP1A2 polymorphisms. No significant association in prostate cancer risk was seen for CYP1A2 rs2472299 and rs11072508. However, a significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer was found for CYP1A2 rs2470890 [odds ratio (OR), 0.67; P=0.02] in the recessive model. After analysis of the associations of clinical status and these three CYP1A2 polymorphisms, the CYP1A2 rs2470890 and rs11072508 polymorphisms showed a positive association with a higher Gleason score (rs2470890 OR, 1.36, P=0.04 in the allelic model; rs11072508 OR, 1.37, P=0.04 in the allelic model and OR, 1.60, P=0.03 in the dominant model). All three polymorphisms showed a significant positive association with pathological T stage in the additive, allelic and dominant genetic models (P<0.05). Haplotype analysis revealed that the most common haplotypes 'GTT' and 'ACC' were significantly associated with pathological T stages 3 and 4 (OR, 0.62; P=0.02 and OR, 1.54; P=0.03, respectively). A significant association was found between the 'GTT' haplotype and the Gleason score (OR, 0.71; P=0.03). In conclusion, these CYP1A2 polymorphisms and haplotypes have the potential to predict prostate cancer disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vilčková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Škereňová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kliment
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Márk Híveš
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Evin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Knoško Brožová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Kmeťová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Correspondence to: Dr Monika Kmet'ová Sivoňová, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4D Malá Hora, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic, E-mail:
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2
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Enwald M, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Murtola TJ, Raitoharju E. Human Prostate Tissue MicroRNAs and Their Predicted Target Pathways Linked to Prostate Cancer Risk Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143537. [PMID: 34298752 PMCID: PMC8307951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important in prostate cancer development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to test microRNA expression profile in prostate tissue obtained from prostate cancer patients for associations with various prostate cancer related factors and to pinpoint the predicted target pathways for these microRNAs. Prostate tissue samples were obtained at prostatectomy from patients participating in a trial evaluating impact of pre-operative atorvastatin on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Ki-67 expression in prostate tissue. Prostate tissue microRNA expression profiles were analyzed using OpenArray® MicroRNA Panel. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for predicted target genes of microRNAs that correlated significantly with studied factors. Eight microRNAs correlated significantly with studied factors of patients after Bonferroni multiple testing correction. MiR-485-3p correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol levels. In atorvastatin-treated subjects, miR-34c-5p correlated with a change in serum PSA and miR-138-3p with a change in total cholesterol. In the placebo arm, both miR-576-3p and miR-550-3p correlated with HDL-cholesterol and miR-627 with PSA. In pathway analysis, these eight microRNAs related significantly to several pathways relevant to prostate cancer. This study brings new evidence from the expression of prostate tissue microRNAs and related pathways that may link risk factors to prostate cancer and pinpoint new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Enwald
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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3
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Gomes J, Au F, Basak A, Cakmak S, Vincent R, Kumarathasan P. Maternal blood biomarkers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:461-478. [PMID: 31509042 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1629873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a vulnerable period for the mother and the infant and exposures to environmental chemicals in utero can influence neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is a momentum toward understanding and exploring the current maternal biological mechanisms specific to in utero effects, to improve birth outcomes. This study aims to examine the current understanding of the role of biomarkers that may be associated with term of pregnancy, infant birth weights and infant development in utero.Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, OvidMD, and Scopus databases; and all relevant research articles in English were retrieved. Studies were selected if they evaluated maternal blood plasma/serum biomarkers proposed to influence adverse birth outcomes in the neonate. Data were extracted on characteristics, quality, and odds ratios from each study and meta-analysis was conducted.Results: A total of 54 studies (35 for meta-analysis), including 43,702 women, 50 plasma markers and six descriptors of birth outcomes were included in the present study. The random effect point estimates for risk of adverse birth outcomes were 1.61(95%CI: 1.39-1.85, p < 0.0001) for inflammation-related biomarkers and 1.65(95%CI: 1.22-2.25, p = 0.0013) for growth factor/hormone-related biomarkers. All subgroups of plasma markers showed significant associations with adverse birth outcomes with no apparent study bias.Conclusions: The two subsets of plasma markers identified in this study (inflammation-related and growth factor/hormone-related) may serve as potentially valuable tools in the investigation of maternal molecular mechanisms, especially select pathways underlying inflammatory and immunological mediation in terms of modulating adverse infant outcomes. Future large, prospective cohort studies are needed to validate the promising plasma biomarkers, and to examine other maternal biological matrices such as cervicovaginal fluid and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gomes
- Faculty of Health Science, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, Canada
| | - F Au
- Faculty of Health Science, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Basak
- Faculty of Health Science, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Cakmak
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Vincent
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P Kumarathasan
- Faculty of Health Science, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, Canada
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Zhang X, Zhong Y, Taylor N, Xu X. Family history of prostate cancer and age-related trend of testosterone levels among US males: NHANES 2003-2004. Andrology 2019; 7:288-292. [PMID: 30953415 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that rapid age-related declines of testosterone (T) level may play a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa), and family history of PCa is another well-established risk factor of PCa, which have been reported to be associated with androgen metabolism-related genes. However, few studies have ever investigated whether a family history of PCa influences the risk of PCa via regulating the age-related trend of T level among males over the life course. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between family history of PCa and age-related trend of T levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2004 (n = 322) to compare the age-specific T levels in males with a family history of PCa and those without. RESULTS We found that between two younger age groups (ages 20-39 and 40-59), there was a more pronounced drop-off in T levels among men with a family history of PCa compared to men without a family history. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This preliminary analysis suggested that men with a family history of PCa may experience a sharper decline in T level over the life course as compared to males without a family history. However, no conclusions can be made due to small sample sizes. Further longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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5
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Lavefve L, Marasini D, Carbonero F. Microbial Ecology of Fermented Vegetables and Non-Alcoholic Drinks and Current Knowledge on Their Impact on Human Health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 87:147-185. [PMID: 30678814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fermented foods are currently experiencing a re-discovery, largely driven by numerous health benefits claims. While fermented dairy, beer, and wine (and other alcoholic fermented beverages) have been the subject of intensive research, other plant-based fermented foods that are in some case widely consumed (kimchi/sauerkraut, pickles, kombucha) have received less scientific attention. In this chapter, the current knowledge on the microbiology and potential health benefits of such plant-based fermented foods are presented. Kimchi is the most studied, characterized by primarily acidic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Anti-obesity and anti-hypertension properties have been reported for kimchi and other pickled vegetables. Kombucha is the most popular non-alcoholic fermented drink. Kombucha's microbiology is remarkable as it involves all fermenters described in known fermented foods: lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. While kombucha is often hyped as a "super-food," only antioxidant and antimicrobial properties toward foodborne pathogens are well established; and it is unknown if these properties incur beneficial impact, even in vitro or in animal models. The mode of action that has been studied and demonstrated the most is the probiotic one. However, it can be expected that fermentation metabolites may be prebiotic, or influence host health directly. To conclude, plant-based fermented foods and drinks are usually safe products; few negative reports can be found, but more research, especially human dietary intervention studies, are warranted to substantiate any health claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lavefve
- Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Direction des Etudes Et Prestations (DEEP), Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais, France
| | - Daya Marasini
- Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
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6
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Quagliariello V, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, Di Palo R, Lamantia E, Castaldo L, Nocerino F, Ametrano G, Cappuccio F, Malzone G, Montanari M, Vanacore D, Romano FJ, Piscitelli R, Iovane G, Pepe MF, Berretta M, D'Aniello C, Perdonà S, Muto P, Botti G, Ciliberto G, Veneziani BM, De Falco F, Maiolino P, Caraglia M, Montella M, Iaffaioli RV, Facchini G. Metabolic syndrome, endocrine disruptors and prostate cancer associations: biochemical and pathophysiological evidences. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30606-30616. [PMID: 28389628 PMCID: PMC5444769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the main pathophysiological basis of the relationship between metabolic syndrome, endocrine disruptor exposure and prostate cancer that is the most common cancer among men in industrialized countries. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and hormonal factors having a central role in the initiation and recurrence of many western chronic diseases including hormonal-related cancers and it is considered as the worlds leading health problem in the coming years. Many biological factors correlate metabolic syndrome to prostate cancer and this review is aimed to focus, principally, on growth factors, cytokines, adipokines, central obesity, endocrine abnormalities and exposure to specific endocrine disruptors, a cluster of chemicals, to which we are daily exposed, with a hormone-like structure influencing oncogenes, tumor suppressors and proteins with a key role in metabolism, cell survival and chemo-resistance of prostate cancer cells. Finally, this review will analyze, from a molecular point of view, how specific foods could reduce the relative risk of incidence and recurrence of prostate cancer or inhibit the biological effects of endocrine disruptors on prostate cancer cells. On the basis of these considerations, prostate cancer remains a great health problem in terms of incidence and prevalence and interventional studies based on the treatment of metabolic syndrome in cancer patients, minimizing exposure to endocrine disruptors, could be a key point in the overall management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Abdominal Department, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Napoli, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Palo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira Lamantia
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nocerino
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ametrano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappuccio
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Malzone
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Micaela Montanari
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Francesco Jacopo Romano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Iovane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Pepe
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Napoli, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco De Falco
- Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli
- Medical Oncology, Abdominal Department, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Napoli, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
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Pytlowanciv EZ, Pinto-Fochi ME, Reame V, Gobbo MG, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Differential ontogenetic exposure to obesogenic environment induces hyperproliferative status and nuclear receptors imbalance in the rat prostate at adulthood. Prostate 2016; 76:662-78. [PMID: 26847797 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data indicate that high-fat diet (HFD) may alter proliferative activity and prostate health. However, the consequences of HFD exposure during different periods of ontogenetic development on prostate histophysiology remain to be elucidated. Herein, we compare the influence of obesogenic environment (OE) due to maternal obesity and HFD at different periods of life on proliferative activity and nuclear receptors frequency in the rat ventral prostate and a possible relationship with metabolic and hormonal alterations. METHODS Male Wistar rats (19 weeks old), treated with balanced chow (Control group-C; 3% high-fat, 3.5 Kcal/g), were compared with those exposed to HFD (20% high-fat, 4.9 kcal/g) during gestation (G-maternal obesity), gestation and lactation (GL), from post-weaning to adulthood (WA), from lactation to adulthood (LA) and from gestation to adulthood (GA). After the experimental period, the ventral prostate lobes were removed and analyzed with different methods. RESULTS Metabolic data indicated that G and GL rats became insulin resistant and WA, LA, and GA became insulin resistant and obese. There was a strong inverse correlation between serum testosterone (∼133% lower) and leptin levels (∼467% higher) in WA, LA, and GA groups. Estrogen serum levels increased in GA, and insulin levels increased in all groups, especially in WA (64.8×). OE-groups exhibited prostatic hypertrophy, since prostate weight increased ∼40% in G, GL, LA, and GA and 31% in WA. As indicated by immunohistochemistry, all HFD-groups except G exhibited an increase in epithelial cell proliferation (PCNA-positive) and a decrease in frequency of AR- and ERβ-positive epithelial cells; there was also an increment of ERα-positive stromal cells in comparison with control. Cells containing PPARγ increased in both epithelium and stroma of all OE groups and those expressing LXRα decreased, particularly in groups OE-exposed during gestation (G, GL and GA). CONCLUSIONS OE leads to prostate hypertrophy regardless of the period of development and, except when restricted to gestation, leads to a hyperproliferative status which was correlated to downregulation of AR and LXRα and upregulation of ERα and PPARγ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Reame
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Guimarães Gobbo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rahman MSU, Cao J. Estrogen receptors in gastric cancer: Advances and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2475-2482. [PMID: 26937135 PMCID: PMC4768193 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies with high mortality. Various aspects of the development and progression of gastric cancer continue to be extensively investigated in order to further our understanding and provide more effective means for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are steroid hormone receptors that regulate cellular activities in many physiological and pathological processes in different tissues. There are two distinct forms of ERs, namely ERα and ERβ, with several alternative-splicing isoforms for each. They show distinct tissue distribution patterns and exert different biological functions. Dysregulation of ERs has been found to be associated closely with many diseases, including cancer. A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the role of ERs in gastric cancer, the possible mechanisms underlying these roles, and the clinical relevance of deregulated ERs in gastric cancer patients. To date, inconsistent associations of different ERs with gastric cancer have been reported. These inconsistencies may be caused by variations in in vitro cell models and clinical samples, including assay conditions and protocols with regard to different forms of ERs. Given the potential of the deregulated ERs as diagnostic/prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for gastric cancer, it will be important to identify/confirm the association of each ER isoform with gastric cancer, to determine the specific roles and interactions that these individual ER isoforms play under specific conditions in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer, and to elucidate precisely these mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the achievements from early ER studies in gastric cancer to the most up-to-date discoveries, with an effort to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of ERs roles in gastric cancer and its possible mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose directions for future investigations.
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9
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Perez APS, Biancardi MF, Caires CRS, Falleiros-Junior LR, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Santos FCA, Taboga SR. Prenatal exposure to ethinylestradiol alters the morphologic patterns and increases the predisposition for prostatic lesions in male and female gerbils during ageing. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:5-17. [PMID: 26852889 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an endocrine disruptor (ED) which acts as an oestrogen agonist; this compound is known as an oral contraceptive. Male and female rodents exposed to EE during critical time points of development, such as in the prenatal period, show alterations in their reproductive tract during adulthood. Few studies have placed an emphasis on the effects of EE during ageing. Thus, this study had as it's objective the analysis of the morphological and immunohistochemical effects of exposure to EE in the prenatal period on ventral male prostate and female prostate of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) during ageing. The animals were exposed to EE (15 μg/kg/day) during the 18-22th days of prenatal life (EE/PRE group), and the analyses were performed when the male and female reached 12 months of age. Our results showed an increase in the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), which was observed in the male and female prostate of EE/PRE groups. Immunohistochemistry showed a rise in prostatic epithelial and basal cells immunoreactivity, respectively, and to AR and p63 in the male EE/PRE. There were alterations in the morphological pattern of the prostatic glands and increase in predisposition to emergence of prostatic lesions of both sexes during ageing. Despite male and female having been exposed to the same doses of EE, the "exposure to EE promoted modifications" more accentuated in the male prostate. Thus the male gland is more sensitive to the action of this synthetic oestrogen than the female prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P S Perez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia R S Caires
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Falleiros-Junior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Georgiadou D, Sergentanis TN, Sakellariou S, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Psaltopoulou T, Lazaris AC, Gounaris A, Zografos GC. Prognostic role of sex steroid receptors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:38-43. [PMID: 26652605 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the available literature, it is unclear what proportion of pancreatic adenocarcinomas express estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), progesterone receptors (PR), and androgen receptors (AR), and if any of these markers have prognostic significance. We aimed to assess (1) the expression and (2) the correlation of the aforementioned markers with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. During a five-year period, 60 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma underwent surgical resection at a single institution. Immunohistochemical stains of the studied markers were quantified by Image analysis system. ERα expression was positively associated with PR expression. Moreover, ERβ was inversely associated with the presence of metastases, whereas no significant associations implicated AR. As far as the prognostic significance of the studied receptors is concerned, higher ERα expression correlated with poorer survival at the univariate analysis, but the finding dissipated at the multivariate approach. No significant associations with overall survival were noted regarding the other receptors. The role of sex hormone receptors in the survival from pancreatic adenocarcinoma seems rather limited. Further prospective studies assessing those receptors should ideally be designed in order to confirm our results and possibly outline additional correlations between other steroid receptors and features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Georgiadou
- 3rd Surgical Clinic of George Gennimatas General Hospital, Mesogeion Ave 154, 156 69 Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, M. Asias 75, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Stratigoula Sakellariou
- Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlachodimitropoulos
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, M. Asias 75, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Gounaris
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, 11 Valtetsiou St., Athens 10680, Greece Athens, Greece
| | - George C Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokratio Hospital, Vassilissis Sophias Avenue 114, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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11
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Krech S, Selinski S, Bürger H, Hengstler JG, Jedrusik P, Hodzic J, Knopf HJ, Golka K. Occupational risk factors for prostate cancer in an area of former coal, iron, and steel industries in Germany. Part 2: results from a study performed in the 1990s. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:1130-1135. [PMID: 27924709 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1219603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no established occupational risk factor for prostate cancer. However, in the 1980s, a hospital-based case-control study in the greater Dortmund area showed an elevated risk for hard coal miners and, based on few cases, for painters and varnishers. Therefore, approximately 10 yr later, a similar study regarding prostate cancer was performed in this area. In total, 292 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and 313 controls who underwent transurethral resection of a benign prostatic hyperplasia were investigated by questionnaire. All of them were operated on between 1995 and 1999. This study showed a decreased risk for prostate cancer in hard coal miners (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44-1.03). Occupational exposures related to an elevated risk for prostate cancer were exposures to combustion products (20% cases vs. 11% controls), colorants and dyes (19 vs. 13%), and cutting fluids (8 vs. 6%). The different prostate cancer risks for underground coal miners in two studies with a time interval of approximately 10 yr are striking. Factors to be discussed are the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer and investigation of cases that underwent radical prostatectomy, where the disease in general is locally confined. Working conditions in the local underground coal mines improved over time but did not change markedly in the period of interest. In essence, the present study does not corroborate an elevated prostate cancer risk in former underground hard coal miners from the greater Dortmund area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Krech
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hannah Bürger
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
- b Faculty of Statistics , TU Dortmund University , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Peter Jedrusik
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
- c Department of Urology , Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jasmin Hodzic
- c Department of Urology , Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH , Dortmund , Germany
| | - H-Jürgen Knopf
- c Department of Urology , Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Klaus Golka
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
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12
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Organochlorine pesticides and prostate cancer, Is there an association? A meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1375-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Liu X, Hemminki K, Försti A, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Ji J. Cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relatives. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:903-10. [PMID: 25604005 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that risks of certain cancers are increased in individuals hospitalized for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may not be representative of the entire population of T2DM patients as most of them are treated in primary health cares. To examine the subsequent cancer risk in individuals with T2DM from hospitals and primary health cares, and in their siblings and spouses, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to assess systematically risks of 35 cancer sites/types in individuals with T2DM using a nationwide Swedish database covering the period 1964 through 2010. Increased SIRs were recorded for 24 cancer sites/types in individuals with T2DM. The highest SIRs were for pancreatic cancer and liver cancer (2.98 and 2.43, respectively). A decreased SIR was noted for prostate cancer. Five cancers showed increased SIRs during the whole follow-up period: colon, liver, pancreatic, endometrial and kidney cancers. T2DM patients in inpatient, outpatient and primary health care showed similar risk patterns. The overall SIRs for cancer in the siblings and spouses of individuals with T2DM were 0.97 and 1.01, respectively. The insulin users showed an overall increased risk of cancer. This study showed increased risks of 24 cancers in individuals with T2DM, but not in their siblings or spouses, suggesting that the profound metabolic disturbances of the underlying disease may explain the observed increases. Further studies examining the endogenous and exogenous factors underlying these associations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Liu
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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14
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Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis involving 18 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5921-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Menegaux F, Anger A, Randrianasolo H, Mulot C, Laurent-Puig P, Iborra F, Bringer JP, Leizour B, Thuret R, Lamy PJ, Rébillard X, Trétarre B. Epidemiological study of prostate cancer (EPICAP): a population-based case-control study in France. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:106. [PMID: 24552491 PMCID: PMC3936778 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in male in most Western countries, including France. Despite a significant morbidity and mortality to a lesser extent, the etiology of prostate cancer remains largely unknown. Indeed, the only well-established risk factors to date are age, ethnicity and a family history of prostate cancer. We present, here, the rationale and design of the EPIdemiological study of Prostate CAncer (EPICAP), a population-based case-control study specifically designed to investigate the role of environmental and genetic factors in prostate cancer. The EPICAP study will particularly focused on the role of circadian disruption, chronic inflammation, hormonal and metabolic factors in the occurrence of prostate cancer. METHODS/DESIGN EPICAP is a population-based case-control study conducted in the département of Hérault in France. Eligible cases are all cases of prostate cancers newly diagnosed in 2012-2013 in men less than 75 years old and residing in the département of Hérault at the time of diagnosis. Controls are men of the same age as the cases and living in the département of Hérault, recruited in the general population.The sample will include a total of 1000 incident cases of prostate cancer and 1000 population-based controls over a 3-year period (2012-2014).The cases and controls are face-to-face interviewed using a standardized computed assisted questionnaire. The questions focus primarily on usual socio-demographic characteristics, personal and family medical history, lifestyle, leisure activities, residential and occupational history. Anthropometric measures and biological samples are also collected for cases and controls. DISCUSSION The EPICAP study aims to answer key questions in prostate cancer etiology: (1) role of circadian disruption through the study of working hours, chronotype and duration/quality of sleep, (2) role of chronic inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs, (3) role of hormonal and metabolic factors through a detailed questionnaire, (4) role of individual genetic susceptibility of genes involved in biological pathways of interest. The EPICAP study will also allow us to study prognostic factors and tumor aggressiveness.Taken together, the EPICAP study will provide a comprehensive framework to go further in the understanding of prostate cancer occurrence and its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Menegaux
- INSERM U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Team, 16av, Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cédex, France.
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16
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Dioscin-induced apoptosis of human LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells through activation of caspase-3 and modulation of Bcl-2 protein family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:125-130. [PMID: 24496691 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin derived from several plants, showing potent anti-cancer effect against a variety of tumor cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of dioscin against human LNCaP cells, and evaluated the possible mechanism involved in its antineoplastic action. It was found that dioscin (1, 2 and 4 μmol/L) could significantly inhibit the viability of LNCaP cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rate was increased after treatment of LNCaP cells with dioscin for 24 h, indicating that apoptosis was an important mechanism by which dioscin inhibited cancer. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in LNCaP cells. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly increased, and meanwhile procaspase-3 was markedly decreased. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated. Moreover, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was drastically decreased. These results suggested that dioscin possessed potential anti-tumor activity in human LNCaP cells through the apoptosis pathway, which might be associated with caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein family.
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17
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Measures of birth size in relation to risk of prostate cancer: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Sweden. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2012; 3:442-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that perinatal factors, specifically birth weight (BW), may be related to the onset of prostate cancer (PRCA). This case–control study, nested within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort Study, used archived birth record data from 308 incident PRCA cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2005, and 637 age-matched controls among 4781 men born (1923–1945) in Malmö and Lund, Sweden. We applied conditional logistic regression to examine the birth size–PRCA association, including tumour subtypes, adjusting for perinatal and adult factors. Compared with controls, cases had a non-significantly higher mean BW and were more likely to have high (>4000 g) BW (21% v. 18%), but did not differ in other birth size measures, nor in mean adult body mass index . We observed a non-linear association between BW and PRCA risk. Compared with BWs between 3000 and 3500 g (reference), the fully adjusted odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) were 0.55 (0.33–0.91) for <3000 g, 0.86 (0.61–1.22) for 3500–4000 g and 0.98 (0.64–1.50) for >4000 g. Among men with aggressive tumours, the reduction in risk for those with BWs <3000 g (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.72) was stronger than the rate of risk for PRCA overall. Crude risk estimates were minimally attenuated when adjusted for gestational age, maternal age, birth order and adult factors. Birth length, head circumference and placental weight were not associated with prostate cancer. Our results indicate a protective effect of lower BW on risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer, rather than any direct effect of larger birth size.
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18
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Tseng CH. Insulin use is not significantly predictive for prostate cancer mortality in diabetic patients: a 12-year follow-up study. BJU Int 2012; 110:668-73. [PMID: 22300458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Even though a lower risk of prostate cancer has been reported in patients with diabetes, they may have a higher risk of cancer development involving the liver, pancreas, endometrium, colorectum, breast and bladder. Insulin may have mitogenic properties besides its metabolic function. However, whether exogenous insulin use for glycaemic control in diabetic patients could increase the risk of prostate cancer has rarely been studied. This is the first prospective follow-up study for up to 12 years to show that exogenous insulin use for glycaemic control in the diabetic patients is not significantly predictive for prostate cancer mortality. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether insulin use in diabetic patients could be predictive for prostate cancer mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 39 135 diabetic men aged ≥40 years from a nationally representative cohort were followed prospectively from 1995 to 2006 for prostate cancer mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for the following independent variables: age, diabetes type, diabetes duration, body mass index, smoking, insulin use and area of residence. The models were created for patients aged ≥40 years and ≥65 years, separately; and before and after excluding patients with a duration between onset of diabetes and prostate cancer mortality <5 years. RESULTS A total of 105 diabetic men died of prostate cancer during follow-up. Age was the only significant risk factor. Insulin use was associated with an insignificantly higher risk of prostate cancer mortality ranging from 24% to 49%. When stratified by the duration of insulin use <5 and ≥5 years, a lack of significant association was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Insulin use in diabetic patients does not significantly predict the mortality from prostate cancer. Further confirmation in other ethnicities is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Sučić M, Bišof V, Cačić M, Kinda SB, Kolenc D, Ljubić N, Sučić T, Potočki K. A patient with prostate cancer and multiple myeloma-diagnostics and possible association of both diseases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2011; 16:515-20. [PMID: 21840230 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a case of a patient with prostate cancer and multiple myeloma as the second metachronous malignant disease. To our knowledge, synchronous occurrence of bone marrow prostate cancer metastases and multiple myeloma-as it was found in the clinical disease course of our patient-has not been documented in the literature. Among other diagnostic procedures, cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry analyses contribute to detection of metastases of epithelial cells and synchronous plasma cell proliferation in bone marrow. Occurrence of multiple myeloma and prostate cancer in our patient adds to other similar reports and points to possible association between both diseases and also to other factors involved in the development of a second malignant disease. Further studies are needed to confirm and clarify this association, because prostate cancer is a relatively common malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Sučić
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital, Sveti Duh, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Zagreb University Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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20
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Abstract
Coffee is the leading worldwide beverage after water and its trade exceeds US $10 billion worldwide. Controversies regarding its benefits and risks still exist as reliable evidence is becoming available supporting its health promoting potential; however, some researchers have argued about the association of coffee consumption with cardiovascular complications and cancer insurgence. The health-promoting properties of coffee are often attributed to its rich phytochemistry, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ), etc. Many research investigations, epidemiological studies, and meta-analyses regarding coffee consumption revealed its inverse correlation with that of diabetes mellitus, various cancer lines, Parkinsonism, and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, it ameliorates oxidative stress because of its ability to induce mRNA and protein expression, and mediates Nrf2-ARE pathway stimulation. Furthermore, caffeine and its metabolites help in proper cognitive functionality. Coffee lipid fraction containing cafestol and kahweol act as a safeguard against some malignant cells by modulating the detoxifying enzymes. On the other hand, their higher levels raise serum cholesterol, posing a possible threat to coronary health, for example, myocardial and cerebral infarction, insomnia, and cardiovascular complications. Caffeine also affects adenosine receptors and its withdrawal is accompanied with muscle fatigue and allied problems in those addicted to coffee. An array of evidence showed that pregnant women or those with postmenopausal problems should avoid excessive consumption of coffee because of its interference with oral contraceptives or postmenopausal hormones. This review article is an attempt to disseminate general information, health claims, and obviously the risk factors associated with coffee consumption to scientists, allied stakeholders, and certainly readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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21
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Ferrís-i-Tortajada J, García-i-Castell J, Berbel-Tornero O, Ortega-García JA. [Constitutional risk factors in prostate cancer]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35:282-8. [PMID: 21435741 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this review is to update and divulge the main constitutional risk factors involved in the etiopathology of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliographic review of the scientific literature on the constitutional risk factors associated with prostate cancer between 1985 and 2010, obtained from MedLine, CancerLit, Science Citation Index and Embase. The search profiles were Risk Factors, Genetic Factors, Genetic Polymorphisms, Genomics, Etiology, Epidemiology, Hormonal Factors, Endocrinology, Primary Prevention and Prostate Cancer. RESULTS The principal constitutional risk factors are: age (before the age of 50 years at least 0.7% of these neoplasms are diagnosed and between 75-85% are diagnosed after the age of 65 years), ethnic-racial and geographic (African Americans present the highest incidence rates, and the lowest are found in South East Asia), genetic, family and hereditary (family syndromes cover 13-26% of all prostate cancers, of which 5% are of autosomal dominant inheritance), hormonal (it is a hormone-dependent tumour), anthropometric (obesity increases the risk), perinatal, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Constitutional risk factors play a very important role in the etiopathology of prostate cancer, especially age, ethnic-racial-geographic factors and genetic-family factors. We cannot know what percentage of these neoplasms are a result of constitutional factors, because our knowledge of these factors is currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferrís-i-Tortajada
- Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica, Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España.
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22
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Ferrís-i-Tortajada J, García-i-Castell J, Berbel-Tornero O, Ortega-García J. Constitutional risk factors in prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jiang L, Yang KH, Tian JH, Guan QL, Yao N, Cao N, Mi DH, Wu J, Ma B, Yang SH. Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:719-27. [PMID: 20661819 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.494335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the possible association between antioxidants vitamins or selenium supplement and the risk of prostate cancer, but the evidence is still inconsistent. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index Expanded, Chinese biomedicine literature database, and bibliographies of retrieved articles up to January 2009. We included 9 randomized controlled trials with 165,056 participants; methodological quality of included trials was generally high. Meta-analysis showed that no significant effects of supplementation with beta-carotene (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.05) (3 trials), vitamin C (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.06) (2 trials), vitamin E (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.08) (5 trials), and selenium (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.41-1.48) (2 trials)versus placebo on prostate cancer incidence. The mortality of prostate cancer did not differ significantly by supplement of beta-carotene (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.87 -1.65) (1 trial), vitamin C (RR 1.45, 95%CI 0.92-2.29) (1 trial), vitamin E (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.58-1.24) (2 trials), and selenium (RR 2.98, 95% CI 0.12-73.16) (1 trial). Our findings indicate that antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement did not reduce the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer, these data provide no support for the use of these supplements for the prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Harris SA, Villeneuve PJ, Crawley CD, Mays JE, Yeary RA, Hurto KA, Meeker JD. National study of exposure to pesticides among professional applicators: an investigation based on urinary biomarkers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10253-10261. [PMID: 20799690 DOI: 10.1021/jf101209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of pesticides have been subject to important biases arising from exposure misclassification. Although turf applicators are exposed to a variety of pesticides, these exposures have not been well characterized. This paper describes a repeated measures study of 135 TruGreen applicators over three spraying seasons via the collection of 1028 urine samples. These applicators were employed in six cities across the United States. Twenty-four-hour estimates (μg) were calculated for the parent compounds 2,4-D, MCPA, mecoprop, dicamba, and imidacloprid and for the insecticide metabolites MPA and 6-CNA. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the urinary levels of these pesticides, whereas mixed models were applied to describe the variance apportionment with respect to city, season, individual, and day of sampling. The contributions to the overall variance explained by each of these factors varied considerably by the type of pesticide. The implications for characterizing exposures in these workers within the context of a cohort study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A Harris
- Population Studies and Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2L7.
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Abstract
The present study assessed subsequent cancer risks in type 2 diabetes patients first hospitalized for this disease at age >39 years. Twenty-four cancer types showed an elevated risk when follow-up was started after the last hospitalization for type 2 diabetes. No additional risk was found in familial diabetics. Objectives. Cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two common diseases that may share risk factors. We aimed at determining subsequent cancer risks in patients hospitalized for T2D in Sweden. Methods. T2D patients were obtained from the nationwide Hospital Discharge Register; cancers were recorded from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for cancer following last hospitalization for T2D. The comparison group was the general Swedish population. Results. The number of hospitalized T2D patients from 1964 to 2007 was 125,126, of whom 26,641 had an affected family member. Altogether 24 cancers showed an elevated risk when follow-up was started after the last hospitalization. The highest SIRs were for pancreatic (6.08) and liver (4.25) cancers. The incidences of these cancers were even elevated when follow-up was started 5 years after the last hospitalization for T2D, with primary liver cancer showing the highest SIR of 4.66. Also increased were the incidences of upper aerodigestive tract, esophageal, colon, rectal, pancreatic, lung, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and kidney cancers. Prostate cancer showed a lower risk. Familial T2D patients showed no exceptional elevated cancer risks but their prostate cancer and melanoma risks were lower. Conclusions. This study, covering approximately one half of Swedish T2D patients, showed an elevated risk for several cancers after hospitalization for T2D, probably indicating the profound metabolic disturbances of the underlying disease. The highest risks were found for liver and pancreatic cancers. No excess cancer risks were observed in familial diabetics. The lower risk for prostate cancer remains intriguing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Xu CY, Guo JL, Jiang ZN, Xie SD, Shen JG, Shen JY, Wang LB. Prognostic role of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2503-9. [PMID: 20339947 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) have been reported in cell and tissue level in gastric cancer, but its impact on patients' survival remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the expression level of ERalpha and ERbeta and to assess clinical significance of ERalpha and ERbeta expression in gastric cancer. METHODS The expression level of ERalpha and ERbeta were assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 35 surgically resected gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues and by immunohistochemical staining in 211 surgically resected gastric cancer and match normal tissues. RESULTS The expression level between ERalpha mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissues and match normal tissues had no statistically significant difference. The ERbeta mRNA level in normal tissues was significantly higher than that observed in gastric cancer tissues (P = 0.001). Neither ERalpha nor ERbeta mRNA expression levels had significant correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. Forty-eight of 211 (22.7%) gastric cancer tissues showed positive expression of ERalpha and ERbeta detected in gastric cancer. ERalpha-positive expression correlated with poorer overall survival (P = 0.014), as did the absence of ERbeta expression in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the positive expression of ERalpha and the absence of ERbeta were significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.159, P = 0.013, and hazard ratio 2.016, P = 0.025 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ERalpha and ERbeta were expressed in both gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues. ERalpha expression and the absence of ERbeta expression are associated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ansari KI, Mandal SS. Mixed lineage leukemia: roles in gene expression, hormone signaling and mRNA processing. FEBS J 2010; 277:1790-804. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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McCormick DL, Rao KVN, Johnson WD, Bosland MC, Lubet RA, Steele VE. Null activity of selenium and vitamin e as cancer chemopreventive agents in the rat prostate. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:381-92. [PMID: 20145190 PMCID: PMC2945242 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential efficacy of selenium and vitamin E as inhibitors of prostate carcinogenesis, four chemoprevention studies using a common protocol were done in a rat model of androgen-dependent prostate cancer. After stimulation of prostate epithelial cell proliferation by a sequential regimen of cyproterone acetate followed by testosterone propionate, male Wistar-Unilever rats received a single i.v. injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) followed by chronic androgen stimulation via subcutaneous implantation of testosterone pellets. At 1 week post-MNU, groups of carcinogen-treated rats (39-44/group) were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with l-selenomethionine (3 or 1.5 mg/kg diet; study 1), dl-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E, 4,000 or 2,000 mg/kg diet; study 2), l-selenomethionine + vitamin E (3 + 2,000 mg/kg diet or 3 + 500 mg/kg diet; study 3), or selenized yeast (target selenium levels of 9 or 3 mg/kg diet; study 4). Each chemoprevention study was terminated at 13 months post-MNU, and prostate cancer incidence was determined by histopathologic evaluation. No statistically significant reductions in prostate cancer incidence were identified in any group receiving dietary supplementation with selenium and/or vitamin E. These data do not support the hypotheses that selenium and vitamin E are potent cancer chemopreventive agents in the prostate, and when considered with the recent clinical data reported in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), show the predictive nature of this animal model for human prostate cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L McCormick
- Life Sciences Research, IIT Research Institute, 10 West 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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Perobelli JE, Martinez MF, da Silva Franchi CA, Fernandez CDB, de Camargo JLV, Kempinas WDG. Decreased sperm motility in rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2010; 73:991-1002. [PMID: 20563933 DOI: 10.1080/15287391003751802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian Agency of Sanitary Vigilance (ANVISA) conducted a study that demonstrated the presence of residues of several pesticides in fresh fruits and vegetables that were available for purchase by the general populace. In order to evaluate potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to agrochemicals, the reproductive toxicity of the pesticides dicofol, dichlorvos, permethrin, endosulfan, and dieldrin was evaluated in rats dosed with these chemicals individually or as mixtures. Sixty male Lewis rats (6 wk old, 200 x g) were randomly allocated to 8 groups: (1) control group, received basal diet; (2) 5 groups designated a to e received the diet containing each pesticide individually, at the respective effective doses: lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for dieldrin and endosulfan, lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for dicofol, and lowest effect level (LEL) for dichlorvos and permethrin, respectively, depending on the published data; (3) effective dose group, which received a mixture of pesticides added to basal diet at the respective doses reported to produce adverse effects; and (4) low dose group, which received a pesticide mixture added to the basal diet, where each pesticide was at its no-observed-effect level (NOEL). After 8 wk of treatment, reproductive parameters were evaluated. Sperm morphology, daily sperm production (DSP), sperm transit time through the epididymis, hormonal levels, and histopathological evaluation of testis and epididymis did not differ significantly among the groups. However, sperm motility was significantly decreased in animals that received a mixture of dieldrin, endosulfan, dicofol, dichlorvos, and permethrin, as well as in the group receiving dicofol alone. Exposure to the individual pesticides endosulfan, dichlorvos, and permethrin did not markedly affect sperm motility. The impairment of sperm motility in the mixture of pesticides at the NOEL level indicates that reproductive effects not seen with individual pesticides may occur in presence of several pesticides due to an additive effect. However, the pesticide mixtures did not appear to affect DSP or spermatogenesis despite reduced sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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So EC, Chang YT, Hsing CH, Poon PWF, Leu SF, Huang BM. The effect of midazolam on mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis and apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2009; 192:169-78. [PMID: 19857560 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), a putative receptor in Leydig cells, modulates steroidogenesis. Since benzodiazepines are commonly used in regional anesthesia, their peripheral effects need to be defined. Therefore, this study set out to investigate in vitro effects of the benzodiazepine midazolam (MDZ) on Leydig cell steroidogenesis, and the possible underlying mechanisms. The effects of MDZ on steroidogenesis in primary mouse Leydig cells and MA-10 Leydig tumor cells were determined by radioimmunoassay. PBR, P450scc, 3beta-HSD and StAR protein expression induced by MDZ was determined by Western blotting. Inhibitors of the signal transduction pathway and a MDZ antagonist were used to investigate the intracellular cascades activated by MDZ. In both cell types, MDZ-stimulated steroidogenesis in dose- and time-dependent manners, and induced the expression of PBR and StAR proteins, but had no effect on P450scc and 3beta-HSD expressions. Moreover, H89 (PKA inhibitor) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor) attenuated MDZ-stimulated steroid production. Interestingly, the MDZ antagonist (flumazenil) did not decrease MDZ-induced steroid production in both cell types. These results highly indicated that MDZ-induced steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells via PKA and PKC pathways, along with the expression of PBR and StAR proteins. In addition, MDZ at high dosages induced rounding-up, membrane blebbing, and then death in MA-10 cells. In conclusion, midazolam could induce Leydig tumor cell steroidogenesis, and high dose of midazolam could induce apoptosis in Leydig tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Joo SS, Yoo YM. Melatonin induces apoptotic death in LNCaP cells via p38 and JNK pathways: therapeutic implications for prostate cancer. J Pineal Res 2009; 47:8-14. [PMID: 19522739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of cell death, is a fundamental process for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms that promotes the removal of damaged, senescent or unwanted cells. Induction of cancer cell apoptosis is an important strategy of anticancer therapy. In this study, we examined if melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland, inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and promoted apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are closely associated with apoptosis and survival. Melatonin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of LNCaP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It clearly induced both an early stage of apoptosis (propidium iodide(-), FITC Annexin-V(+)) and a late apoptosis/secondary necrosis (propidium iodide(+) and FITC Annexin-V(+)), which indicated induction of serial stages of apoptosis in cells. Moreover, melatonin markedly activated c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was not responsive to melatonin. Treatment with MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and SB202190 (p38 inhibitor), confirmed that melatonin-induced apoptosis was JNK- and p38-dependent, but ERK-independent. In the presence of PD98059, caspase-3 activity increased, while levels of Bax/cytochrome c (Cyt c) and Bcl-2 decreased. These effects were opposite to those observed with SP600125 and SB202190 treatments. Together, these results strongly suggest that JNK and p38 activation directly participate in apoptosis induced by melatonin. Thus, melatonin may be of promise for anti-prostate cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soo Joo
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea
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Itsiopoulos C, Hodge A, Kaimakamis M. Can the Mediterranean diet prevent prostate cancer? Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:227-39. [PMID: 19051189 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite the global importance of this cancer, until recently little was known about risk factors apart from the well-established factors: age, family history and country of birth. The large worldwide variation in prostate cancer risk and increased risk in migrants moving from low to high risk countries provides strong support for modifiable environmental factors. We have based our review on the findings of a systematic review undertaken by an expert panel on behalf of the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, and new data since then, linking identified foods and nutrients with prostate cancer. Evidence indicates that foods containing lycopene, as well as selenium and foods containing it, probably protect against prostate cancer, and excess consumption of foods or supplements containing calcium are a probable cause of this cancer. The expert panel also concluded that it is unlikely that beta-carotene (whether from foods or supplements) has a substantial effect on the risk of this cancer. A recent review on environmental factors in human prostate cancer also found that there were protective effects of vitamin E, pulses, soy foods and high plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. The Mediterranean diet is abundant in foods that may protect against prostate cancer and is associated with longevity and reduced cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Compared with many Western countries Greece has lower prostate cancer mortality and Greek migrant men in Australia have retained their low risk for prostate cancer. Consumption of a traditional Mediterranean diet, rich in bioactive nutrients, may confer protection to Greek migrant men, and this dietary pattern offers a palatable alternative for prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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Lewis JE, Soler-Vilá H, Clark PE, Kresty LA, Allen GO, Hu JJ. Intake of plant foods and associated nutrients in prostate cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:216-24. [PMID: 19235037 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802419756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant foods and associated nutrients may impact prostate cancer (PC) risk and survival. Therefore, we compared dietary intake, mainly plant food groups among 382 controls and 478 PC cases (373 incident and 105 prevalent cases). Caucasian controls had significantly higher daily servings of vegetables (3.4 vs. 2.5, P= 0.002) and fruits and/or fruit juices (1.6 vs. 1.3, P = 0.02) compared to African American controls. In Caucasians, incident cases reported lower intake of fiber, vitamin C, vitamin A, alpha -carotene, beta -carotene, cryptoxanthin, folate, genistein, daidzein, and fruits and/or fruit juice than controls and/or prevalent cases. In African Americans, incident cases had lower intake of alpha -carotene compared to controls and prevalent cases. Reduced PC risk was associated with the highest tertile of cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.35-0.75), fiber (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.35-0.89), vitamin C (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.41-0.88), and fruits and/or fruit juices (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.31-0.68), with significant linear trends. Increased risk of PC was associated with the highest tertile of protein (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.05-3.79) and daily servings of grains (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.23-3.22) with significant linear trends. In summary, we demonstrate racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake of plant foods. The significantly higher consumption of protective dietary constituents among prevalent cases compared to incident cases suggests that PC survivors may be amenable to dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Sirintrapun SJ, Parwani AV. Molecular Pathology of the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate and Bladder. Surg Pathol Clin 2008; 1:211-36. [PMID: 26837907 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in tumors of the prostate and bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of TMPRSS2 in prostate cancer and the molecular pathways distinguishing low- and high-grade urothelial neoplasms. UroVysion with fluorescence in situ hybridization is already commonplace as an adjunct to cytologic diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which classification and diagnosis of tumors of the prostate and bladder through morphologic analysis will be supplemented by molecular information correlating with prognosis and targeted therapy. This article outlines tumor molecular pathology of the prostate and bladder encompassing current genomic, epigenomic, and proteonomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joseph Sirintrapun
- Pathology Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside Hospital, Room WG 07, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Tolman JR, Lephart ED, Setchell KD, Eggett DL, Christensen MJ. Timing of supplementation of selenium and isoflavones determines prostate cancer risk factor reduction in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2008; 5:31. [PMID: 19000315 PMCID: PMC2615019 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High dietary intake of selenium or isoflavones reduces risk factors for prostate cancer. We tested whether combined supplementation of these two dietary components would reduce prostate cancer risk factors in rats more than supplementation of each component individually. Methods Male Noble rat pups were exposed from conception to diets containing an adequate (0.33–0.45 mg/kg diet) or high (3.33–3.45 mg/kg) concentration of selenium as Se-methylselenocysteine and a low (10 mg/kg) or high (600 mg/kg) level of isoflavones in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Pups consumed their respective diets until sacrifice at 35, 100, or 200 days. Male Noble rat breeders, whose exposure to the diets began after puberty, were sacrificed at 336 days. Rats were weighed biweekly. Blood was collected at the time of sacrifice and body fat and prostates were dissected and weighed. Serum levels of leptin, IGF-1, and testosterone were determined using ELISA kits. Serum levels of isoflavones were assayed by GC/MS. Liver activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 1 was measured as an indicator of selenium status. Results Serum isoflavone concentrations were nearly 100-fold higher at 35 days of age (1187.1 vs. 14.4 ng/mL, mean ± SD) in pups fed the high vs. low isoflavone diets, and remained so at 100 and 200 days, and in breeders. There were no dietary differences in liver glutathione peroxidase activity in pups or breeders. High isoflavone intake significantly (p = 0.001–0.047) reduced body weight in rat pups from 35 days onward, but not in breeders. Body fat and leptin were likewise significantly reduced by high isoflavones in pups while effects in breeders were less pronounced but still significant. High intake of Se and isoflavones each decreased serum IGF-1 in pups at 100 and 200 days, but not in breeders. No consistent dietary effects were observed on serum testosterone or relative weights of prostates. In pups, the combination of high isoflavones and high selenium produced the lowest weight gain, the lowest serum leptin, and the lowest serum IGF-1 concentrations of all four diets. Conclusion Combined intake of high selenium and high isoflavones may achieve greater chemopreventive effects than either compound individually. The timing of supplementation may determine the significance of its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Tolman
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology, Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Kenneth Dr Setchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Dennis L Eggett
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Merrill J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.,Cancer Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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