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Melo D, Ferreira F, Teles MJ, Porto G, Coimbra S, Rocha S, Santos-Silva A. Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Peroxiredoxin 2 in Erythrocyte Cytosol and Membrane in Hereditary Spherocytosis, Sickle Cell Disease, and β-Thalassemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38929068 PMCID: PMC11201268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) can counteract the deleterious effects of oxidative stress (OS). Their binding to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane has been reported in non-immune hemolytic anemias (NIHAs). Our aim was to evaluate the relationships between CAT, GPx, and Prx2, focusing on their role at the RBC membrane, in hereditary spherocytosis (HS), sickle cell disease (SCD), β-thalassemia (β-thal), and healthy individuals. The studies were performed in plasma and in the RBC cytosol and membrane, evaluating OS biomarkers and the enzymatic activities and/or the amounts of CAT, GPx, and Prx2. The binding of the enzymes to the membrane appears to be the primary protective mechanism against oxidative membrane injuries in healthy RBCs. In HS (unsplenectomized) and β-thal, translocation from the cytosol to the membrane of CAT and Prx2, respectively, was observed, probably to counteract lipid peroxidation. RBCs from splenectomized HS patients showed the highest membrane-bound hemoglobin, CAT, and GPx amounts in the membrane. SCD patients presented the lowest amount of enzyme linkage, possibly due to structural changes induced by sickle hemoglobin. The OS-induced changes and antioxidant response were different between the studied NIHAs and may contribute to the different clinical patterns in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melo
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria José Teles
- Laboratory Hematology Service, Santo António Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Santo António Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Graça Porto
- Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Santo António Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology (CGPP/IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN–One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (A.S.-S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
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Wei J, Zhu Y, Lin T, Tao H, Chen L, Xu Z, Lv Z, Liu P. Preliminary Comparisons of Tender Shoots and Young Leaves of 12 Mulberry Varieties as Vegetables and Constituents Relevant for Their Potential Use as Functional Food for Blood Sugar Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3748. [PMID: 37960104 PMCID: PMC10650630 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are essential for maintaining health and preventing diseases due to their nutrients and functional components. However, vegetables specifically designed for blood sugar control are limited. The mulberry tree (Morus) offers potential as a source of functional vegetables with blood-sugar-lowering properties, mainly attributed to 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). This study compared the nutritional composition and DNJ content in various edible parts of twelve mulberry tree varieties. Sensory evaluations were also conducted to assess sensory attributes. Interestingly, DNJ was found to show a positive correlation with sensory evaluations. Furthermore, the sugar content, particularly sucrose, was significantly higher in tender shoots than leaves, indicating tender shoots as a preferable choice for development as a functional food for blood sugar control. Finally, VM 19 and VM 22 are considered as good candidates for the mulberry vegetable using varieties after sensory evaluation and combining with the DNJ content. These findings provide valuable insights for future research into vegetable selections for blood sugar management and support the potential commercialization of mulberry leaf vegetables as functional food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tianbao Lin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Han Tao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zilong Xu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Peigang Liu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
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Karimi MA, Goudarzi M, Khodayar MJ, Khorsandi L, Mehrzadi S, Fatemi I. Gemfibrozil palliates adriamycin-induced testicular injury in male rats via modulating oxidative, endocrine and inflammatory changes in rats. Tissue Cell 2023. [PMID: 36863109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR), an antineoplastic drug, is widely used to treat different types of cancers. Yet, the usage is limited because of its severe side effects on testis. On the other hand, gemfibrozil (GEM), as an anti-hyperlipidemic drug, has other pharmacological effects independent of lipid- lowering activity including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present experiment was designed to investigate the effect of GEM on ADR-induced testicular injury in male rats. A total of 28 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: Control; ADR; ADR + GEM; GEM. Serum level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were assessed. Also, testicular tissue oxidant/antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) were measured. Histopathological studies were conducted on testes. GEM improved hormonal profile and antioxidant defenses in comparison with ADR-treated animals. GEM, significantly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines compared with ADR-treated animals. Hormonal and biochemical results were further supported by testicular histopathological findings. Thus, GEM might represent a promising therapeutic modality for the attenuation of testicular injury induced by ADR in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacy school, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Evaluation of The Antioxidant Capacity of Food Products: Methods, Applications and Limitations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assays of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are popular in the analysis of food products. This review presents the most popular assays of TAC and their limitations, databases of TAC of food products, their application in clinical studies, and the effect of processing on the TAC of food. The importance of sample preparation for TAC assays and striking effects of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract on the TAC of food are discussed. Critical opinions on the validity of food TAC assays are considered. It is concluded that TAC methods can be useful as screening assays for food quality control and as low-cost, high-throughput tools used to discover potential antioxidant sources and follow changes in the content of antioxidants during food processing. However, effects revealed by TAC assays should be followed and explained using more specific methods.
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Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Bioassay Reveals the Change in Critical Bioactive Compounds during the Processing of Qingzhuan Tea. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216718. [PMID: 34771127 PMCID: PMC8587966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Qingzhuan tea (QZT) is a typical Chinese dark tea that has a long-time manufacturing process. In the present study, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to study the chemical changes of tea samples during QZT processing. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the pile-fermentation and turnover (post-fermentation, FT) was the crucial stage in transforming the main compounds of QZT, whose contents of flavan-3-ols and flavonoids glycosides were decreased significantly. The bioactivities, including the antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, were also reduced after the FT process. It was suggested that although the QZT sensory properties improved following pile-fermentation and aging, the bioactivities remained restrained. Correlation analysis indicated that the main galloylated catechins and flavonoid glycosides were highly related to their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
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Ilic Begovic T, Radic J, Radic M, Modun D, Seselja-Perisin A, Tandara L. Seasonal variations in nutritional status and oxidative stress in patients on hemodialysis: Are they related? Nutrition 2021; 89:111205. [PMID: 33836426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seasonal variations in body composition and parameters that reflect nutritional status are well established in patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed the changes in oxidative stress (OS). The aims of this study were to assess seasonal variations in OS, body composition, and other nutritional parameters. METHODS Seasonal variations in fat tissue mass (FTM), fat tissue index (FTI), adipose tissue mass (ATM), lean tissue mass (LTM), lean tissue index (LTI), body cell mass (BCM), overhydration (OH) volume, and OS (blood levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites [d-ROMs], thiobarbituric reactive substances, plasma protein reduced thiol content [THIOLS], and ferric reducing ability of plasma) were assessed in 45 patients on HD, 70 y of age (60.5-76.5 y). RESULTS FTM (P < 0.001), FTI (P < 0.001), and ATM (P < 0.001) significantly increased, whereas LTI (P < 0.001), LTM (P < 0.001), BCM (P < 0.001), and OH volume (P = 0.004) significantly decreased over the season. Additionally, significant seasonal variations in the levels of d-ROMs (P = 0.02) and THIOLS (P = 0.02) were found. Levels of d-ROMs were found to be a significant predictor of LTM and BCM (β = -0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.08 to -0.06; P = 0.03; β = -0.04; 95% CI, -0.075 to -0.006; P = 0.02). Furthermore, hip circumference was found to be the most significant predictor of the level of d-ROMs (β = 2.66; 95% CI; 0.28-5.04; P = 0.03) and waist-to-height ratio (β = 251; 95% CI, 16.6-477.2; P = 0.03) and serum prealbumin levels of THIOLS (β = 263; 95% CI, 6.8-521.1; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION These results suggest seasonal variations in OS in patients on HD and a possible interaction between OS and nutritional status in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Ilic Begovic
- Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Josipa Radic
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital Centre Split, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Department of Internal medicine, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
| | - Mislav Radic
- Department of Internal medicine, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre Split, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Modun
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Seselja-Perisin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Leida Tandara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostic, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
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Sánchez-Hernández S, Esteban-Muñoz A, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Giménez-Martínez R, Miralles B, Olalla-Herrera M. Study of the phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity of human milk from Spanish women at different stages of lactation: A comparison with infant formulas. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110149. [PMID: 33642015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) has been proven to have important and essential antioxidant properties to counteract infant susceptibility to oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites which come from plants and are potent natural antioxidants. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method used in the present study allowed the quantification of 26 phenolic compounds (ten hydroxybenzoic acids, seven hydroxycinnamic acids, four flavonoids, three hydroxybenzaldehydes and two other polyphenols) in HM samples at different stages of lactation (colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk) and infant formulas (IF). Many of the phenolic compounds identified have been reported to be present in HM for the first time. The total phenolic compound content (TPC) was quantified using the Folin assay and the antioxidant activity (AC) was evaluated with the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Significant differences were evidenced between HM and IF. HM from mothers with an adherence to a Mediterranean diet contained twice as many individual phenolic compounds as infant formulas, with a higher proportion of hydroxybenzoic acids. Conversely, IF showed a higher proportion of hydroxycinnamic acids. Overall, the antioxidant activity of HM showed small variations during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Hernández
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Ph.D. Programme in Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Adelaida Esteban-Muñoz
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Ph.D. Programme in Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez-Martínez
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs. University of Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC.UAM, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Olalla-Herrera
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs. University of Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
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Ghaeni Pasavei A, Mohebbati R, Jalili-Nik M, Mollazadeh H, Ghorbani A, Nosrati Tirkani A, Taraz Jamshidi S, Hashemy SI, Heidarian Miri H, Soukhtanloo M. Effects of Rhus coriaria L. hydroalcoholic extract on the lipid and antioxidant profile in high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 44:75-83. [PMID: 33319629 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1533024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is related to increased fat deposition in the liver, known as hepatic steatosis. The present study is an evaluation of the anti-oxidative and antihyperlipidemic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhus coriaria L. (HARE) in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD + HARE 50 mg/kg/day, and HFD + HARE 250 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Animals were weighed weekly and treated with the HARE extract for 12 weeks by gavage. Subsequently, the histopathological changes, oxidative markers, and lipid profile were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. First, the active ingredients of the extract were determined by HPLC. Then, the levels in the serum lipid profile (TG, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL) in rats fed with the HFD + HARE were analyzed where a significant reduction was observed. The HFD proved to increase the activity of the liver enzymes, the serum lipid levels, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The ferric-reducing antioxidant activity power (FRAP), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalytic activity were reduced in the liver homogenate of HFD rats compared to the controls. Additionally, the aforementioned liver enzymes activities were reduced in response to HARE. Evaluation of oxidative stress determined a reduction in the MDA level while a raised FRAP was confirmed. In accordance with the present results, histopathological observations have also demonstrated that HARE ameliorated grade-1 hepatic steatosis induced by HFD. Taken together, the findings of this study introduce HARE as a future potential therapeutic agent in treating hepatic steatosis and reducing oxidative damages of an HFD in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmomen Ghaeni Pasavei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nosrati Tirkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Taraz Jamshidi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidarian Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kohlová M, Rocha S, Gomes Amorim C, de Nova Araújo A, Santos-Silva A, Solich P, Branco da Silva Montenegro MC. Doping Polysulfone Membrane with Alpha-Tocopherol and Alpha-Lipoic Acid for Suppressing Oxidative Stress Induced by Hemodialysis Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000046. [PMID: 32543121 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of free radicals by bioactive membranes used for hemodialysis treatment is an important topic due to the constant rise of oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular mortality by hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective solution that helps to solve this problem. Polysulfone membranes enriched with α-lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, and with both components are fabricated by spin coating. The antioxidant properties of these membranes are evaluated in vitro by determining the lipid-peroxidation level and the total antioxidant status of the blood plasma. The biocompatibility is assessed by quantifying the protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, complement activation, and hemolytic effect. All types of membranes show in vitro antioxidant activity and a trend to reduce oxidative stress in vivo; the best results show membranes prepared with a combination of both compounds and prove to be nonhemolytic and hemocompatible. Moreover, the membrane specific separation ability for the main waste products is not affected by antioxidants incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kohlová
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Alberto de Nova Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Petr Solich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
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Muñoz AE, Hernández SS, Tolosa AR, Burillo SP, Olalla Herrera M. Evaluation of differences in the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds of green and roasted coffee and their relationship with sensory properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Esteban Muñoz A, Barea Álvarez M, Oliveras-López MJ, Giménez Martínez R, Henares JÁR, Olalla Herrera M. Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Antioxidant Capacity of Spanish Subtropical Fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2018.92014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Sinkalu VO, Ayo JO. Combined effects of retinol, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on diurnal variations in rectal temperature of Black Harco pullets subjected to heat stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:9-15. [PMID: 27312541 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was performed with the aim of determining the effect of co-administration of antioxidant vitamins, retinol, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on rectal temperature (RT) fluctuations in pullets during the hot-dry season in Nigeria. Forty-eight Black Harco pullets, aged 16 weeks and weighing 1.5 ± 0.03 kg were divided by simple random sampling into two groups, consisting of 28 treated and 20 control Black Harco pullets. The RTs of 28 treated and 20 control Black Harco pullets were measured hourly for 3 days, 3 days apart, from 06:00 to 19:00 h (GMT + 1) with a standard clinical thermometer. The treated pullets were administered individually with the vitamins orally in water, while the control pullets were given only water. The lowest hourly RT of 40.9 ± 0.04 °C was obtained in treated pullets at 06:00 h, while the highest value of 41.1 ± 0.01 °C was recorded from 17:00 to 19:00 h (P < 0.001). In control pullets, the RT rose significantly from 41.0 ± 0.03 °C at 06:00 h to the maximum value of 41.6 ± 0.04 °C at 15:00 h (P < 0.001). The pullets co-administered with retinol, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol had consistently lower RT values than those of control pullets, especially during the hot hours of the day, from 13:00 to 17:00 h. It is concluded that co-administration of retinol, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, by preventing a rise in body temperature, ameliorated heat stress, and may enhance productivity of pullets reared under unfavourable, thermal environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Olusegun Sinkalu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Vitamin C Status and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090960. [PMID: 28867798 PMCID: PMC5622720 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C plays a role in neuronal differentiation, maturation, myelin formation and modulation of the cholinergic, catecholinergic, and glutaminergic systems. This review evaluates the link between vitamin C status and cognitive performance, in both cognitively intact and impaired individuals. We searched the PUBMED, SCOPUS, SciSearch and the Cochrane Library from 1980 to January 2017, finding 50 studies, with randomised controlled trials (RCTs, n = 5), prospective (n = 24), cross-sectional (n = 17) and case-control (n = 4) studies. Of these, 36 studies were conducted in healthy participants and 14 on cognitively impaired individuals (including Alzheimer’s and dementia). Vitamin C status was measured using food frequency questionnaires or plasma vitamin C. Cognition was assessed using a variety of tests, mostly the Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE). In summary, studies demonstrated higher mean vitamin C concentrations in the cognitively intact groups of participants compared to cognitively impaired groups. No correlation between vitamin C concentrations and MMSE cognitive function was apparent in the cognitively impaired individuals. The MMSE was not suitable to detect a variance in cognition in the healthy group. Analysis of the studies that used a variety of cognitive assessments in the cognitively intact was beyond the scope of this review; however, qualitative assessment revealed a potential association between plasma vitamin C concentrations and cognition. Due to a number of limitations in these studies, further research is needed, utilizing plasma vitamin C concentrations and sensitive cognitive assessments that are suitable for cognitively intact adults.
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Vucinovic Z, Duplancic D, Seselja-Perisin A, Kukoc-Modun L, Gunjaca G, Radman M, Vukovic J, Tsikas D, Poljak K, Modun D. Acute application of antioxidants protects against hyperoxia-induced reduction of plasma nitrite concentration. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 35:76-80. [PMID: 24863414 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of acute intake of antioxidants on hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress, reduction of plasma nitrite and change in arterial stiffness. Twelve healthy males randomly consumed either placebo or an oral antioxidant cocktail (vitamin C, 1000 mg; vitamin E, 600 IU; alpha-lipoic acid, 600 mg). Every therapy was consumed once, a week apart, in a cross-over design, 30 min before the experiment. The volunteers breathed 100% normobaric oxygen between 30th and 60th min of 1-h study protocol. Plasma levels of nitrite, lipid peroxides (LOOH) and vitamin C, arterial stiffness (indicated by augmentation index, AIx) and arterial oxygen (Ptc O2 ) pressure were measured before and after hyperoxia. Exposure to oxygen caused a similar increase of Ptc O2 in both placebo and antioxidants groups, confirming comparable exposure to hyperoxia (438 ± 100 versus 455 ± 83 mm Hg). Vitamin C was increased in the antioxidants group confirming successful application of antioxidants (69 ± 14 versus 57 ± 15 μm). Hyperoxia resulted in increased AIx and LOOH and decreased nitrite in placebo (-32 ± 11 versus -47 ± 13%, 72 ± 7 versus 62 ± 6 μm H2 O2 and 758 ± 184 versus 920 ± 191 nm, respectively), but not in the antioxidants group (-42 ± 13 versus -50 ± 13%, 64 ± 9 versus 61 ± 8 μm H2 O2 and 847 ± 156 versus 936 ± 201 nm, respectively). The acute intake of selected antioxidants was effective in preserving bioavailabity of ˙NO and vascular function, against hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Vucinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Duplancic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Seselja-Perisin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Lea Kukoc-Modun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Grgo Gunjaca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Radman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Jonatan Vukovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kolja Poljak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Modun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Antioxidants in food: content, measurement, significance, action, cautions, caveats, and research needs. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 71:1-53. [PMID: 24484938 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800270-4.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are a multitude of antioxidants in foods, especially in foods of plant origin. Higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods is clearly associated with better health and functional longevity. The specific agents and mechanisms responsible are not yet clear, but there is convincing evidence that including more plant-based, antioxidant-rich foods, herbs, and beverages in the diet is effective in promoting health and lowering risk of various age-related diseases. The content of some individual antioxidants, such as vitamin C, in food can be measured, but it is not feasible to attempt to measure each antioxidant separately, and methods have been developed to assess the "total antioxidant content" of foods. One of the most widely used methods is the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, which is relatively simple, quick, sensitive, and inexpensive to perform. There are many published studies that have used the FRAP assay, and these have generated a very large database of total antioxidant content of foods that can help guide food choices for increased antioxidant intake. The FRAP assay has also been used to assess the bioavailability of antioxidants in foods and to investigate the effects of growing conditions, storage, processing, and cooking method on the total antioxidant content of food. The test can be employed as a quality control check device, and to detect adulteration of food. Furthermore, in a modified form (FRASC), the assay can measure ascorbic acid content almost simultaneously with the total antioxidant content of the sample. In this chapter, basic concepts of oxidation and the role of antioxidants, as well as the types and action of different antioxidants in foods will be reviewed briefly, and the underpinning concepts and evidence for health benefits of increased intake of dietary antioxidants will be discussed, with some focus on vitamin C, and also in the context of our evolutionary development. The basic concepts and limitations of measuring "total antioxidant content" of food will be presented. The FRAP assay and the modified version FRASC will be described, and the total antioxidant content (as the FRAP value) of a range of foods will be presented. Finally, issues of bioavailability and redox balance will be discussed in relation to the biological significance and molecular action of antioxidants in foods, some caution and caveats are presented about overcoming biological barriers to absorption of antioxidant phytochemicals, and research needs to further our understanding in the important area of food, antioxidants, and health will be highlighted.
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Van De Velde F, Tarola AM, Güemes D, Pirovani ME. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Camarosa and Selva Strawberries ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Foods 2013; 2:120-131. [PMID: 28239102 PMCID: PMC5302271 DOI: 10.3390/foods2020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberries represent an important source of bioactive compounds due to their vitamin C and phenolic compound levels, which present high antioxidant effects, beneficial for the maintenance of consumer's health. Argentina is the second largest strawberry producer in The Common Market of the Southern Cone (MERCOSUR), covering the main export destinations of Argentinian strawberries, i.e., Canada, United States, and European Union. Information about the bioactive compound occurrence and antioxidant capacity of these fruits is scarce or not available. Health related compounds of strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and Selva) from different zones of Argentina were investigated. Vitamin C content was in the same range for both studied cultivars. However, Camarosa strawberries, which are the most cultivated, consumed, and exported berries in Argentina, presented higher total phenolic and anthocyanins content, and consequently better in vitro antioxidant capacity. Moreover, there were differences in the occurrence and concentration in the phenolic compound profiles for both cultivars. Camarosa cultivar presented higher content of anthocyanidins, and Selva showed higher total ellagic acid content. The research shows that Argentina's strawberries are an interesting source of bioactive compounds comparable to those in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Van De Velde
- Food Technology Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
| | - Anna M Tarola
- Department of Management, University of Roma La Sapienza,Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Daniel Güemes
- Food Technology Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
| | - María E Pirovani
- Food Technology Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
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Wootton-Beard PC, Ryan L. Improving public health?: The role of antioxidant-rich fruit and vegetable beverages. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Simple and rapid method for the determination of uric acid-independent antioxidant capacity. Molecules 2011; 16:7058-68. [PMID: 21849933 PMCID: PMC6264207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16087058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the relative contribution of uric acid level increases to the total measured antioxidative activity could be very useful for testing antioxidative products and their effect on human health. The aim of this report is to present a simple spectrophotometric method that combines the measurement of total antioxidative capacity of a sample by ferric reducing/antioxidative power (FRAP) assay, with the uricase-reaction (specific elimination of uric acid), in order to establish and correct for the contribution of uric acid in FRAP values. We measured FRAP values, with (uric acid-independent antioxidant capacity, TAC-UA) and without (total antioxidant capacity, TAC) uricase treatment, and expressed it as μmol/L of uric acid equivalents. In such way, it was possible to determine both total and uric acid-independent antioxidant capacity, plasma uric acid (UA, as the difference between TAC and TAC-UA), and the ratio of the uric acid in total antioxidant capacity (UA/TAC).
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Gill CIR, Haldar S, Boyd LA, Bennett R, Whiteford J, Butler M, Pearson JR, Bradbury I, Rowland IR. Watercress supplementation in diet reduces lymphocyte DNA damage and alters blood antioxidant status in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:504-10. [PMID: 17284750 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.2.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetable (CV) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several cancers in epidemiologic studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of watercress (a CV) supplementation on biomarkers related to cancer risk in healthy adults. DESIGN A single-blind, randomized, crossover study was conducted in 30 men and 30 women (30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers) with a mean age of 33 y (range: 19-55 y). The subjects were fed 85 g raw watercress daily for 8 wk in addition to their habitual diet. The effect of supplementation was measured on a range of endpoints, including DNA damage in lymphocytes (with the comet assay), activity of detoxifying enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in erythrocytes, plasma antioxidants (retinol, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, lutein, and beta-carotene), plasma total antioxidant status with the use of the ferric reducing ability of plasma assay, and plasma lipid profile. RESULTS Watercress supplementation (active compared with control phase) was associated with reductions in basal DNA damage (by 17%; P = 0.03), in basal plus oxidative purine DNA damage (by 23.9%; P = 0.002), and in basal DNA damage in response to ex vivo hydrogen peroxide challenge (by 9.4%; P = 0.07). Beneficial changes seen after watercress intervention were greater and more significant in smokers than in nonsmokers. Plasma lutein and beta-carotene increased significantly by 100% and 33% (P < 0.001), respectively, after watercress supplementation. CONCLUSION The results support the theory that consumption of watercress can be linked to a reduced risk of cancer via decreased damage to DNA and possible modulation of antioxidant status by increasing carotenoid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris I R Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, N Ireland, United Kingdom.
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Choy CKM, Cho P, Chung WY, Benzie IFF. Reflex Tear Ascorbate in Hong Kong Chinese Subjects: Method Comparison and Biological Variation. Optom Vis Sci 2003; 80:632-6. [PMID: 14502043 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-200309000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tear ascorbate is important for corneal health. A rapid and simple method for measurement of ascorbate in tears is needed, and adequate knowledge of physiological variation of tear ascorbate is important to facilitate comparative studies of the effect of, for example, contact lens wear and environmental conditions and stresses. However, there are currently no data on physiological variation of tear ascorbate. This study validated a simple and speedy method for tear ascorbate and investigated between-eye and between-day variation in tear ascorbate in healthy young adults. METHODS Yawn-induced reflex tears were collected from 32 healthy Hong Kong Chinese subjects and measured by both high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by an enzyme-linked colorimetric method known as FRASC (total ferric reducing (antioxidant) activity and ascorbate concentration measurement). For between-eye variation, yawn reflex tears were collected from each eye of the same 32 healthy subjects, and ascorbate was measured using HPLC; in a separate experiment for between-day variation, tears were collected on two separate days from 14 subjects, and ascorbate was measured by FRASC. RESULTS Both HPLC and FRASC showed high precision, and results obtained using FRASC were not statistically different from those using HPLC; mean +/- SD were, respectively, 18.5 +/- 4.4 microM and 18.5 +/- 4.8 microM for HPLC and FRASC methods (p = 0.943). No significant between-eye difference in tear ascorbate was found (p = 0.386), and no significant between-day variation was found overall: mean +/- SD ascorbate was 20.0 +/- 6.2 microM on day 1 and 19.3 +/- 6.8 microM on day 2 (p = 0.772). However, between-day variation was large in seven of 14 subjects. CONCLUSION FRASC is an acceptable alternative to HPLC for measurement of tear ascorbate. Tears for ascorbate investigation can be collected from either eye or, if necessary, from both eyes and pooled. However, tear ascorbate may vary widely from day to day in the same individual. The reasons for this variation require further study but may relate to differences in ascorbate supply or demand within the precorneal tear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camus Kar Man Choy
- Department of Optometry and Radiography, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Choy C, Benzie I, Cho P. Antioxidants in tears and plasma: Inter-relationships and effect of vitamin C supplementation. Curr Eye Res 2003; 27:55-60. [PMID: 12868009 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.27.2.55.15458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate inter-relationships between total antioxidant capacity and ascorbate concentration in plasma and tears, and the effect of antioxidant supplementation with reference to these variables. METHODS Twenty-one subjects were studied in this placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention trial. Fasting plasma and tear ascorbate concentrations and total antioxidant capacity (as Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP)) were measured pre- and post-supplementation with vitamin C (1 g/day). RESULTS Mean +/- SD ascorbate in tears and plasma at entry were 17 +/- 6 and 52 +/- 13 micro M, respectively; FRAP values were, respectively, 273 +/- 94 and 1101 +/- 168 micro M. There was no significant correlation between tear and plasma levels (r = -0.068; P = 0.771 for ascorbate; r = 0.418; P = 0.059 for FRAP). Neither was significant correlation seen between the two variables in plasma (r = 0.162; P = 0.483) or tears (r = 0.353; P = 0.117). Acute responses (up to 3 hours) showed a similar pattern of increase in both fluids, however, peak response in tears (33 +/- 4 micro M) was much smaller and slightly later than in plasma (125 +/- 13 micro M). After 4 weeks' supplementation, ascorbate increased (P < 0.001) in both fluids, however, the increase in tear ascorbate was small (5 micro M), compared to plasma (38 micro M). The increase in tear ascorbate appeared to plateau after 2 days' supplementation; plasma levels were still increasing. Higher tear ascorbate at entry was associated (P < 0.05) with smaller supplementation-related response. No significant changes in FRAP were seen in either fluid (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ascorbate concentration in both plasma and tears increased with vitamin C supplementation, but the total antioxidant capacity of these fluids did not. Furthermore, the increase in tear ascorbate was modest in comparison to that in plasma, and is suggestive of a "ceiling" for tear ascorbate of under 40 micro M. Results support the concept of a control mechanism for an integrated antioxidant defense system, and suggest that the amount of ascorbate in tears is both actively controlled and purposefully limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camus Choy
- Department of Optometry and Radiography, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, China.
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22
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Szeto YT, Tomlinson B, Benzie IFF. Total antioxidant and ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables: implications for dietary planning and food preservation. Br J Nutr 2002; 87:55-9. [PMID: 11898770 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links high intake of ascorbic acid (AA) and other antioxidant micronutrients to health promotion. It would be useful to know the overall, or 'total' antioxidant capacity of foods, to establish the contribution of AA to this, and to assess how this information may translate into dietary intakes to meet the new US daily reference intake for AA. In this study, the total antioxidant capacity, as the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) value, and AA content of thirty-four types of fruits and vegetables were measured using a modified version of the FRAP assay, known as FRASC. This measures AA (reduced form only) simultaneously with the FRAP value. Results covered a wide range: 880-15940 micromol/kg fresh wet weight and <20-540 mg/kg fresh wet weight respectively, for FRAP and AA, which comprised < 1-73 % and < 1-59 % total antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables respectively. We estimate that 100 mg AA is contained in one orange, a few strawberries, one kiwi fruit, 1-2 slices of pineapple, several florets of raw cauliflower or a handful of uncooked spinach leaves. Apples, bananas, pears and plums, the most commonly consumed fruits in the UK, contain very little AA. Results indicate also that the antioxidant capacity of vegetables decreases rapidly and significantly after fragmentation. Results of this, and future studies, using FRASC as a biomonitoring tool will be useful in food production, preparation, preservation, and aid dietary choices to increase antioxidant and AA intake. Furthermore, FRASC will facilitate bioavailability studies of antioxidants from different foods of known antioxidant capacity and AA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yim Tong Szeto
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, SAR, China
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Chung WY, Chung JK, Szeto YT, Tomlinson B, Benzie IF. Plasma ascorbic acid: measurement, stability and clinical utility revisited. Clin Biochem 2001; 34:623-7. [PMID: 11849621 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare plasma ascorbic acid results by the colorimetric FRASC (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant and Ascorbic Acid) assay and a reference HPLC method; to re-examine plasma ascorbic acid stability, and anticoagulant effect. DESIGN AND METHODS For method comparison, 31 plasma samples were tested by both methods. For stability, matching EDTA, heparin, citrate and fluoride/oxalate plasma, stored under different conditions of time and temperature, was measured. RESULTS FRASC is an acceptable alternative to HPLC for plasma ascorbic acid: precision, limit of detection and recovery were similar, and results by the two methods were indistinguishable: mean (95% CI) difference:1.8 (-1.1-4.6; n = 31) micromol/L. Ascorbic acid was most stable in heparinized plasma. Marked loss (p < 0.05) in EDTA plasma occurred within 30 min of blood collection. CONCLUSIONS FRASC offers a speedy and reliable alternative to HPLC for plasma ascorbic acid. Heparin is proposed as the anticoagulant of choice; loss of ascorbic acid is rapid in EDTA plasma ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chung
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hamilton IM, Gilmore WS, Benzie IF, Mulholland CW, Strain JJ. Interactions between vitamins C and E in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2000; 84:261-7. [PMID: 10967604 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite convincing in vitro evidence, a vitamin C-E interaction has not been confirmed in vivo. This study was designed to examine the effects of supplementation with either vitamin C or E on their respective plasma concentrations, other antioxidants, lipids and some haemostatic variables. Fasting blood was collected before and after intervention from thirty healthy adults in a double-blinded crossover study. Baselines for measured variables were established after 2 weeks of placebo supplementation, followed by daily supplementation with 73.5 mg RRR-alpha-tocopherol acetate or 500 mg ascorbic acid, and placebo, for 6 weeks. A 2 month washout preceded supplement crossover. Mean values showed that plasma lipid standardised alpha-tocopherol increased with ascorbic acid supplementation: from 4.09 (sem 0.51) to 4.53 (sem 0.66) micromol/mmol total cholesterol plus triacylglycerol (P < 0.05), and plasma ascorbic acid increased from 62.8 (sem 14.9) to 101.3 (sem 22. 2) micromol/l (P < 0.005). Supplementation with (RRR)-alpha-tocopherol acetate increased plasma alpha-tocopherol from 26.8 (sem 3.9) to 32.2 (sem 3.8) micromol/l (P < 0.05), and lipid-standardised alpha-tocopherol from 4.12 (sem 0.48) to 5.38 (sem 0.52) micromol/mmol (P < 0.001). Mean plasma ascorbic acid also increased with vitamin E supplementation, from 64.4 (sem 13.3) to 76. 4 (sem 18.4) micromol/l (P < 0.05). Plasma ferric reducing (antioxidant) power and glutathione peroxidase (U/g haemoglobin) increased in both groups, while urate, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels decreased (P < 0.05 throughout). Results are supportive of an in vivo interaction between vitamins C and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Hamilton
- Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Benzie IFF, Chung WY, Tomlinson B. Simultaneous Measurement of Allantoin and Urate in Plasma: Analytical Evaluation and Potential Clinical Application in Oxidant:Antioxidant Balance Studies. Clin Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/45.6.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris FF Benzie
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-yuen Chung
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
Most species of plants and animals synthesize ascorbic acid, but human subjects cannot, making vitamin C an essential component of our diet. Relationships between vitamin C intake and status, and between status and health are not yet clear. There is evidence, however, that higher intake of vitamin C is associated with lower risk of disease, supporting the concept that optimal intake is needed for optimal vitamin C status, and that both factors are required for optimal health. Vitamin C has low toxicity in healthy subjects, but a clear definition of optimal status and the dietary intake required to meet and maintain this status is needed before a change in the current recommended intake can be considered. Available evidence suggests that intake of 200 mg vitamin C/d saturates tissues and maintains fasting plasma levels above the proposed threshold (50 mumol/l) for minimum risk of CHD. However, the issue of whether or not these levels produce 'optimal vitamin C status' awaits the clear and accepted definition of the term. This definition in turn awaits the development of reliable functional markers capable of assessing the effects of varying levels of vitamin C nutriture. In the present paper the relationship between intake and body stores of vitamin C and the role of vitamin C in human health are reviewed briefly. The requirements of a reliable functional marker of human vitamin C status are defined, three classes of functional markers (molecular, biochemical and physiological) are described, and possible candidate markers are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Benzie
- Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, SAR, China.
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27
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Benzie IF, Strain JJ. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods Enzymol 1999; 299:15-27. [PMID: 9916193 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(99)99005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1915] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I F Benzie
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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