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Patsakos EM, Patel S, Simpson R, Nelson MLA, Penner M, Perrier L, Bayley MT, Munce SEP. Conceptualization, use, and outcomes associated with compassion in the care of youth with childhood-onset disabilities: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1365205. [PMID: 38911955 PMCID: PMC11192198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1365205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To examine the scope of existing literature on the conceptualization, use, and outcomes associated with compassion in the care of youth with childhood-onset disabilities. Methods A protocol was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review method. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EBSCOhost CINAHL, were searched. Results Eight studies were selected for inclusion; four used quantitative methodology, and four used qualitative methods. Compassion was not defined a priori or a posteriori in any of the included studies. The concept of self-compassion was explicitly defined only for parents of youth with childhood-onset disabilities in three studies a priori. The most reported outcome measure was self-compassion in parents of youth with childhood-onset disabilities. Self-compassion among parents was associated with greater quality of life and resiliency and lower stress, depression, shame and guilt. Discussion There is limited evidence on the conceptualization, use, and outcomes associated with compassion among youth with childhood-onset disabilities. Self-compassion may be an effective internal coping process among parents of youth with childhood-onset disabilities. Further research is required to understand the meaning of compassion to youth with childhood-onset disabilities, their parents and caregivers. Systematic review registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2GRB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M. Patsakos
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuti Patel
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Simpson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle L. A. Nelson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Penner
- Autism Research Centre, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laure Perrier
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark T. Bayley
- KITE Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E. P. Munce
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kaur R, Schick-Makaroff K, Dang P, Sasaki A, Neves P, Mucsi I, Gill J. Navigating Living Kidney Donation and Transplantation Among South Asian Canadians: The ACTION Project. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:750-761.e1. [PMID: 38242424 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE South Asian (SA) Canadians with kidney failure have a 50%-77% lower likelihood of kidney transplant and are less likely to identify potential living donors (LDs). This study aimed to identify health system-, patient-, and community-level barriers and facilitators for accessing LD kidney transplantation in the SA community to inform the development of health system- and community-level interventions to address barriers. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 20 SA recipients of an LD or deceased-donor kidney transplant, 10 SA LDs, and 41 general SA community members. ANALYTICAL APPROACH In-depth multilingual interviews were conducted with recipients and LDs. Gender-, language-, and age-stratified focus groups were conducted with general SA community members. Summative content analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Hesitancy in approaching potential donors, fear about the health of potential LDs, information gaps, language barriers, and challenges evaluating out-of-country donors were highlighted as significant barriers by recipients, and financial concerns and information gaps were identified by donors. Cultural barriers in the SA community were highlighted by donors, recipients, and community members as critical factors when considering donation and transplant; women and elderly SA Canadians highlighted nuanced challenges. Participants reported generally a favorable perception of their health care teams, citing SA representation in the teams as important to providing culturally and linguistically sensitive care. LIMITATIONS Limited geographic, race, and cultural representation and reliance on virtual data collection. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights several culturally relevant barriers to donation and transplant that are potentially modifiable through patient-, health system-, and community-focused engagement and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetinder Kaur
- Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Phuc Dang
- Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ayumi Sasaki
- Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paula Neves
- Centre for Living Organ Donation, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jagbir Gill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Soto-Rubio A, Andreu Y, Gil-Juliá B, Picazo C, Murgui S, MacInnis CC, Sinclair S. Adaptation and validation of a patient-reported compassion measure in the Spanish population: The Spanish version of the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQesp). Res Nurs Health 2024; 47:344-355. [PMID: 38316536 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
International practice guidelines and policies recognize compassion as a fundamental dimension of quality care. A key element in enhancing compassion in healthcare settings is having reliable patient-reported experience measures. In the Spanish context, there is a need for a valid Spanish patient-reported compassion measure for use in both research and clinical practice. The Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) represents the gold standard for patient-reported compassion measures in English-speaking settings. The primary aim of this study is to culturally adapt and validate the SCQ in a Spanish population. A Spanish version of the SCQ (SCQesp) was used to collect data from 303 Spanish patients (in two contexts: hospitalized and medical visit). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a one-factor solution in the 15-item (SCQesp) and five-item (SCQesp-SF) short form version. The SCQesp showed excellent values of reliability: Cronbach's α = 0.98; composite variance = 0.98 (0.905-0.854); and stratified variance = 0.78. The SCQesp-SF showed similar values of reliability. The SCQesp has excellent psychometric properties, making it a valid and reliable measure for assessing compassion in healthcare research and clinical care. This scientifically rigorous and psychometrically robust compassion measure in Spanish could allow healthcare providers, researchers, and leaders to routinely assess compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Soto-Rubio
- Developmental and Education Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Andreu
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments Department, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gil-Juliá
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments Department, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Picazo
- Psychology and Sociology Department, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Murgui
- Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cara C MacInnis
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shane Sinclair
- Compassion Research Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Harrison R, Iqbal MP, Chitkara U, Adams C, Chauhan A, Mitchell R, Manias E, Alston M, Hadley AM. Approaches for enhancing patient-reported experience measurement with ethnically diverse communities: a rapid evidence synthesis. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:26. [PMID: 38342909 PMCID: PMC10860321 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are used to drive and evaluate unit and organisational-level healthcare improvement, but also at a population level, these measures can be key indicators of healthcare quality. Current evidence indicates that ethnically diverse communities frequently experience poorer care quality and outcomes, with PREMs data required from this population to direct service improvement efforts. This review synthesises evidence of the methods and approaches used to promote participation in PREMs among ethnically diverse populations. METHODS A rapid evidence appraisal (REA) methodology was utilised to identify the disparate literature on this topic. A search strategy was developed and applied to three major electronic databases in July 2022 (Medline; PsycINFO and CINAHL), in addition to websites of health agencies in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries via grey literature searches. A narrative evidence synthesis was undertaken to address the review question. RESULTS The review resulted in 97 included studies, comprised 86 articles from electronic database searches and 11 articles from the grey literature. Data extraction and synthesis identified five strategies used in PREM instruments and processes to enhance participation among ethnically diverse communities. Strategies applied sought to better inform communities about PREMs, to create accessible PREMs instruments, to support PREMs completion and to include culturally relevant topics. Several methods were used, predominantly drawing upon bicultural workers, translation, and community outreach to access and support communities at one or more stages of design or administration of PREMs. Limited evidence was available of the effectiveness of the identified methods and strategies. PREMs topics of trust, cultural responsiveness, care navigation and coordination were identified as pertinent to and frequently explored with this population. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide a basis for a maturity model that may guide change to increase participation of ethnically diverse communities in PREMs. In the short-medium term, health systems and services must be able to recognise and respond to cultural and linguistic diversity in the population when applying existing PREMs. In the longer-term, by working in collaboration with ethnically diverse communities, systems and services may co-create adapted or novel PREMs that tackle the factors that currently inhibit uptake and completion among ethnically diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Harrison
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences- Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Maha Pervaz Iqbal
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences- Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Upma Chitkara
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences- Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Corey Adams
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences- Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ashfaq Chauhan
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences- Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Manias
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Megan Alston
- Elevating the Human Experience Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Anne Marie Hadley
- Elevating the Human Experience Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Watts E, Patel H, Kostov A, Kim J, Elkbuli A. The Role of Compassionate Care in Medicine: Toward Improving Patients' Quality of Care and Satisfaction. J Surg Res 2023; 289:1-7. [PMID: 37068438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its description as a cornerstone of a healthcare provider's professional identity, the impact of compassionate care on various aspects of medicine has been poorly defined. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the role of compassionate care in various aspects of medicine and healthcare delivery. METHODS Four databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol for a literature review regarding compassionate care and its intersection with medical education, patient-provider communication, patient care, and clinical outcomes, patient and provider characteristics, telemedicine and artificial intelligence, caregiver compassion fatigue, and cost of care. RESULTS Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis revealed that clinical outcomes are correlated with the degree of patients' perception of empathy and compassion from their providers. Along with enhanced patient outcomes, compassionate care was shown to reduce the costs of care, compassion fatigue and burnout, and the number of malpractice claims. However, compassion can be perceived differently among patients of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Compassion training sessions can be implemented among residents in surgical and nonsurgical medical specialties to improve perceived compassion. Furthermore, the use of telehealth modalities may positively or negatively impact compassionate care, requiring further exploration. CONCLUSIONS Compassionate care plays a crucial role in improving patient care and clinical outcomes while reducing caregiver burnout and the risk of malpractice litigation. However, a lack of compassion training and caregiver compassion fatigue may detract from the delivery of effective compassionate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelia Watts
- NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Heli Patel
- NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Anthony Kostov
- NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Jason Kim
- NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida; Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida.
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Burgess JE, Gorton KL, Lasiter S, Patel SE. The Nurses' Perception of Expressive Touch: An Integrative Review. J Caring Sci 2023; 12:4-13. [PMID: 37124409 PMCID: PMC10131170 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2023.31903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nurses use physical touch to interact with patients and address their needs. Human touch benefits social development, stress/anxiety reduction, and rapport building. Touch has been a part of nursing care for centuries, however nurses' perceptions of expressive touch are not easily ascertained from the literature. Literature currently offers one review on the perceptions of various medical professionals regarding touch of all kinds. No reviews specific to the nurses' perception of expressive touch exist. This integrative review provides a greater understanding of nurses' perceptions of expressive touch. Methods: Using Cooper's steps for integrative review, CINAHL, Medline, Academic Search Premier, and Complimentary Index were searched from 2000-2022; using search term expressive touch or caring touch or compassionate touch and nurse/nurses/nursing and perception or perspective. Results: Of 283 articles identified, 22 articles remained for full-text review after duplicate removal and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Five topics on nurses' perceptions of expressive touch were identified: Comfort with touch and job satisfaction, expressive touch as an essential part of nursing practice, expressive touch as a form of compassion and/or communication, the impact of expressive touch on the humanization of patients in the nurses' perception, and nurse discomfort with expressive touch. Conclusion: This integrative review provides findings that assist in understanding nurses' perceptions of expressive touch. Further research should examine the impact of gender, education, and experiences on nurses' perceptions as they use expressive touch in nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Elyse Burgess
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
- *Corresponding Author: Jade E Burgess,
| | - Karen L. Gorton
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Sue Lasiter
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Sarah E. Patel
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
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Malenfant S, Jaggi P, Hayden KA, Sinclair S. Compassion in healthcare: an updated scoping review of the literature. Palliat Care 2022; 21:80. [PMID: 35585622 PMCID: PMC9116004 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-00942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous review on compassion in healthcare (1988-2014) identified several empirical studies and their limitations. Given the large influx and the disparate nature of the topic within the healthcare literature over the past 5 years, the objective of this study was to provide an update to our original scoping review to provide a current and comprehensive map of the literature to guide future research and to identify gaps and limitations that remain unaddressed. Methods Eight electronic databases along with the grey literature were searched to identify empirical studies published between 2015 and 2020. Of focus were studies that aimed to explore compassion within the clinical setting, or interventions or educational programs for improving compassion, sampling clinicians and/or patient populations. Following title and abstract review, two reviewers independently screened full-text articles, and performed data extraction. Utilizing a narrative synthesis approach, data were mapped onto the categories, themes, and subthemes that were identified in the original review. Newly identified categories were discussed among the team until consensus was achieved. Results Of the 14,166 number of records identified, 5263 remained after removal of duplicates, and 50 articles were included in the final review. Studies were predominantly conducted in the UK and were qualitative in design. In contrast to the original review, a larger number of studies sampled solely patients (n = 12), and the remainder focused on clinicians (n = 27) or a mix of clinicians and other (e.g. patients and/or family members) (n = 11). Forty-six studies explored perspectives on the nature of compassion or compassionate behaviours, traversing six themes: nature of compassion, development of compassion, interpersonal factors related to compassion, action and practical compassion, barriers and enablers of compassion, and outcomes of compassion. Four studies reported on the category of educational or clinical interventions, a notable decrease compared to the 10 studies identified in the original review. Conclusions Since the original scoping review on compassion in healthcare, while a greater number of studies incorporated patient perspectives, clinical or educational interventions appeared to be limited. More efficacious and evidence-based interventions or training programs tailored towards improving compassion for patients in healthcare is required. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12904-022-00942-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Malenfant
- Compassion Research Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Section of Palliative Care, Department of Family Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Zone, Calgary, Canada
| | - Priya Jaggi
- Compassion Research Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shane Sinclair
- Compassion Research Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Division of Palliative Medicine Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Implementing compassion in pediatric healthcare: A qualitative study of Canadian patients', parents', and healthcare providers' perspectives. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 62:e103-e112. [PMID: 34412933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion has received significant scholarly attention over the past decade. Research has been largely theoretical, with interventions focused on self-care practices of healthcare providers (HCPs), rather than implementation at a systems level. This study aimed to identify how compassion can be operationalized within pediatric healthcare. DESIGN AND METHODS Data was analyzed from a secondary dataset of a larger Straussian grounded theory study of perspectives and experiences of compassion in pediatric healthcare. Patients (n = 33); parents (n = 16); and HCPs (n = 17) were asked specifically how compassion could be implemented within the clinical culture and healthcare system. RESULTS 66 participants generated an operational model of compassion indicating how compassion could be implemented across the organization and larger healthcare system. The data revealed four themes and associated subthemes: teach and train; recognize and reward; measure and report; and embed compassion across the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS Improving compassion in pediatric healthcare needs to extend beyond the efforts of individual HCPs. Compassion is the responsibility of the entire healthcare system and needs to traverse the patient and family experience. In addition to embedding compassion in policy, procedures, practice, and education, compassion should be considered a performance indicator that is measured and reported. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study provides a preliminary framework for organizational leaders to operationalize compassion across the services, structures, polices, procedures and practices of pediatric healthcare. This includes ongoing compassion training across the organization; assessing compassion, recognizing compassion as a performance indicator, and ensuring that the infrastructure and ancillary services of the organization reflect compassion.
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Basri T, Radhakrishnan K, Rolin D. Barriers to and Facilitators of Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Among South Asian American College Students. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 60:32-38. [PMID: 34932419 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20211215-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing size of the South Asian population in the United States, research on the mental health care wants and needs of this population is limited. The current study aimed to provide a better understanding of South Asian American college students' attitudes and behaviors with respect to professional help for psychological and mental health. Participants included 14 college students at a large central Texas university, aged at least 18 years and fluent in English, who identified ethnically as South Asian. Qualitative interviews held with participants included demographic questions. Five themes emerged from the interviews: Family Dynamics, Environment, University Resources, Access to Help, and Cultural Dynamics. High levels of mental illness, low levels of help-seeking, and unique identity interactions demonstrated a prevailing need for mental health support in South Asian American college students. Accessible mental health care in university settings can be a step toward providing appropriate mental health care for South Asian students most in need. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Esmaeilzadeh P, Mirzaei T, Dharanikota S. Patients' Perceptions Toward Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction in Health Care: Experimental Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25856. [PMID: 34842535 PMCID: PMC8663518 DOI: 10.2196/25856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is believed that artificial intelligence (AI) will be an integral part of health care services in the near future and will be incorporated into several aspects of clinical care such as prognosis, diagnostics, and care planning. Thus, many technology companies have invested in producing AI clinical applications. Patients are one of the most important beneficiaries who potentially interact with these technologies and applications; thus, patients’ perceptions may affect the widespread use of clinical AI. Patients should be ensured that AI clinical applications will not harm them, and that they will instead benefit from using AI technology for health care purposes. Although human-AI interaction can enhance health care outcomes, possible dimensions of concerns and risks should be addressed before its integration with routine clinical care. Objective The main objective of this study was to examine how potential users (patients) perceive the benefits, risks, and use of AI clinical applications for their health care purposes and how their perceptions may be different if faced with three health care service encounter scenarios. Methods We designed a 2×3 experiment that crossed a type of health condition (ie, acute or chronic) with three different types of clinical encounters between patients and physicians (ie, AI clinical applications as substituting technology, AI clinical applications as augmenting technology, and no AI as a traditional in-person visit). We used an online survey to collect data from 634 individuals in the United States. Results The interactions between the types of health care service encounters and health conditions significantly influenced individuals’ perceptions of privacy concerns, trust issues, communication barriers, concerns about transparency in regulatory standards, liability risks, benefits, and intention to use across the six scenarios. We found no significant differences among scenarios regarding perceptions of performance risk and social biases. Conclusions The results imply that incompatibility with instrumental, technical, ethical, or regulatory values can be a reason for rejecting AI applications in health care. Thus, there are still various risks associated with implementing AI applications in diagnostics and treatment recommendations for patients with both acute and chronic illnesses. The concerns are also evident if the AI applications are used as a recommendation system under physician experience, wisdom, and control. Prior to the widespread rollout of AI, more studies are needed to identify the challenges that may raise concerns for implementing and using AI applications. This study could provide researchers and managers with critical insights into the determinants of individuals’ intention to use AI clinical applications. Regulatory agencies should establish normative standards and evaluation guidelines for implementing AI in health care in cooperation with health care institutions. Regular audits and ongoing monitoring and reporting systems can be used to continuously evaluate the safety, quality, transparency, and ethical factors of AI clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tala Mirzaei
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Spurthy Dharanikota
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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