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Leader G, Barrett A, Ferrari C, Casburn M, Maher L, Naughton K, Arndt S, Mannion A. Quality of life, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, social support, and social functioning in adults with autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 112:103915. [PMID: 33676088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, social functioning, autism traits, and social support on quality of life (QoL) in 107 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD Questionnaires included the Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 (Adult), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Social Functioning Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Gastrointestinal Symptom Inventory, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. RESULTS GI symptoms were a common comorbidity with 86 % of participants presenting with them. Sleep problems were also frequent issues with 89 % of participants being classified as poor sleepers. Greater sleep problems were correlated with poorer QoL in the physical health and environment domains. Specifically, the sleep problem of daytime dysfunction was correlated with poorer QoL in physical health. Daytime dysfunction and sleep duration were correlated with poorer QoL in the environment domain. Better social support was correlated with greater QoL in the psychological, social and environment domains. Poorer social functioning was correlated with poorer QoL in each of the four domains. CONCLUSION This research indicated that GI symptoms and sleep problems are common comorbid conditions in the adult ASD population. This paper expanded upon the existing literature by highlighting unexplored factors influencing QoL in adults with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Leader
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Amy Barrett
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chiara Ferrari
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mia Casburn
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leanne Maher
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie Naughton
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sophia Arndt
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Arlene Mannion
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Heinrich M, Böhm J, Sappok T. Diagnosing Autism in Adults with Intellectual Disability: Validation of the DiBAS-R in an Independent Sample. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:341-350. [PMID: 28988347 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study assessed the diagnostic validity of the diagnostic behavioral assessment for autism spectrum disorders-revised (DiBAS-R; 19-item screening scale based on ratings by caregivers) in a clinical sample of 381 adults with ID. Analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.67 in the overall sample (70.3% agreement). Sensitivity (0.79) and specificity (0.84) were balanced in individuals with mild to moderate ID (83.3% agreement), while specificity was lower in individuals with severe to profound ID (sensitivity: 0.83, specificity: 0.34, 51% agreement). The level of ID as well as its interaction with ASD explained a significant proportion of the variance in the DiBAS-R scores. The DiBAS-R is an adequate screening tool, especially in individuals with mild to moderate ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Heinrich
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge (KEH), Herzbergstr. 79, 10365, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Böhm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge (KEH), Herzbergstr. 79, 10365, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Sappok
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge (KEH), Herzbergstr. 79, 10365, Berlin, Germany.
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Longuépée L, Bouvard M, Assouline B. Étude des comportements-problèmes de 148 adultes atteints de troubles du spectre autistiques institutionnalisés. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Ballester P, Martínez MJ, Javaloyes A, Inda MDM, Fernández N, Gázquez P, Aguilar V, Pérez A, Hernández L, Richdale AL, Peiró AM. Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Autism Res 2018; 12:66-79. [PMID: 30273974 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 ± 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 ± 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleep-wake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: SPs are very frequent in autism from childhood to adulthood. We recorded sleep with a watch-like device in adults with autism and ID and compared sleep patterns with nonautistic volunteers. Results showed poorer sleep conditions in adults with autism (increased sleep latency and number/length of night awakenings) that resulted in decreased sleep efficiency. Increasing knowledge of the SPs in adults on the autism spectrum will allow to improve their and their families' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Ballester
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Martínez
- Chronobiology Lab, College of Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Javaloyes
- EDUCATEA, Education Center for Children and Adolescents with Autism, Mental Health Problems and Behavioral Disorders, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Del-Mar Inda
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agustín Pérez
- Department of Statistics and Financial Resources, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luís Hernández
- Sleep Unit, Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana M Peiró
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology, Alicante, Spain
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5
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Pedersen AL, Pettygrove S, Lu Z, Andrews J, Meaney FJ, Kurzius-Spencer M, Lee LC, Durkin MS, Cunniff C. DSM Criteria that Best Differentiate Intellectual Disability from Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:537-545. [PMID: 27558812 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) overlap, creating potential for diagnostic confusion. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) criteria that best differentiate children with ID and some ASD features from those with comorbid ID and ASD were identified. Records-based surveillance of ASD among 8-year-old children across 14 US populations ascertained 2816 children with ID, with or without ASD. Area under the curve (AUC) was conducted to determine discriminatory power of DSM criteria. AUC analyses indicated that restricted interests or repetitive behaviors best differentiated between the two groups. A subset of 6 criteria focused on social interactions and stereotyped behaviors was most effective at differentiating the two groups (AUC of 0.923), while communication-related criteria were least discriminatory. Matching children with appropriate treatments requires differentiation between ID and ASD. Shifting to DSM-5 may improve differentiation with decreased emphasis on language-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA, 95382, USA.
| | - Sydney Pettygrove
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Lu
- Statistical Consulting Laboratory, Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Andrews
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - F John Meaney
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Margaret Kurzius-Spencer
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Li-Ching Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen S Durkin
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Cunniff
- Division of Medical Genetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Jang J, Matson JL, Williams LW, Tureck K, Goldin RL, Cervantes PE. RETRACTED: Rates of comorbid symptoms in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid ASD and ADHD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:2369-78. [PMID: 23708709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief, after review by an independent panel of experts, due to evidence of a compromised peer review process and the failure of one author to disclose significant conflicts of interest. An independent peer-review process is a cornerstone of scientific integrity that allows for research to be scrutinized before publication to ensure that conclusions are anchored in sound methodology and objective interpretation of the results. Equally important is that the readership of research is fully informed about any potential competing interests that may have influenced the research process. This article is being retracted because it did not include a declaration of a conflict of interest of one author in relation to diagnostic tools which the paper endorses. The same author was also the Editor in Chief of the journal at the time of publication and evidence indicates that the paper was accepted without any independent peer review by external reviewers. The article is therefore retracted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Elsevier: https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction-guidelines.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Jang
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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Sappok T, Diefenbacher A, Budczies J, Schade C, Grubich C, Bergmann T, Bölte S, Dziobek I. Diagnosing autism in a clinical sample of adults with intellectual disabilities: how useful are the ADOS and the ADI-R? RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:1642-1655. [PMID: 23475013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently co-occurring conditions. Carefully diagnosing ASD in individuals with ID would allow for more tailored clinical interventions that would improve mental health and quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in a clinical sample of 79 adults with ID who were suspected of also having ASD. In the testable cases (68%), the ADOS was over-inclusive (specificity 45%) but highly sensitive (100%) of ASD. In the ADI-R, the feasibility was 37%, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 80%. Previously proposed adaptations of the ADOS algorithm were evaluated, and new items and tasks were suggested. The ADOS and the ADI-R were found to be valuable diagnostic tools for adults with ID. Adjustments of the setting and the tasks may further improve their feasibility and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sappok
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin-Elisabeth-Herzberge, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Matson JL, Dempsey T, LoVullo SV, Fodstad JC, Knight C, Sevin JA, Sharp B. The moderating effects of intellectual development on core symptoms of autism and PDD-NOS in toddlers and infants. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:573-578. [PMID: 23123870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Little research has been conducted on whether deficits in developmental functioning affect the range of core symptoms for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study represents a first attempt to determine whether developmental level has an effect on the expression of ASD symptoms in infants and toddlers. Eight hundred and fifty-three infants were evaluated with respect to the nature and extent of their ASD symptoms and developmental functioning. Young children with autism displayed a higher number of symptoms than those with PDD-NOS on all three domains of impairment (social, communication, repetitive behaviors). As expected, children without an ASD evinced far fewer symptoms than both these groups. Developmental level was not found to be a moderator for expression of ASD symptoms for the entire sample, or individual diagnostic groups. Higher developmental level was associated with lower severity of evinced ASD symptoms in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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9
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Pedersen A, Pettygrove S, Meaney FJ, Mancilla K, Gotschall K, Kessler DB, Grebe TA, Cunniff C. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children. Pediatrics 2012; 129:e629-35. [PMID: 22351889 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) continues to increase in the United States and other developed countries; however, ASD is diagnosed less commonly in Hispanic than in non-Hispanic white individuals. This report analyzes differences in ASD prevalence between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites in a large, population-based sample of 8-year-old children, and explores how prevalence has changed over time. METHODS Population-based surveillance of ASD was conducted on 142 717 8-year-old children. Evaluation of clinical and educational records resulted in 1212 children meeting the case definition criteria in 4 study years between 2000 and 2006. RESULTS ASD prevalence in Hispanic children was lower than in non-Hispanic white children (P < .005) for all study years. More Hispanic than non-Hispanic white children met the case definition for intellectual disability (P < .05) in study years 2004 and 2006. Prevalence of ASD diagnosis increased in both groups; the Hispanic prevalence almost tripled, from 2.7 per 1000 in 2000 to 7.9 per 1000 in 2006. A comparison of prevalence ratios found that Hispanic and non-Hispanic white ASD prevalence became significantly more similar from 2000 to 2006 (χ(2) = 124.89, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The ASD prevalence for Hispanic individuals in this population-based sample is substantially higher than previously reported. Nonetheless, Hispanic children continue to have a significantly lower ASD prevalence in comparison with non-Hispanic whites. The prevalence of ASD is increasing in both populations, and results indicate that the gap in prevalence between groups is decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Sipes M, Matson JL, Horovitz M. Autism spectrum disorders and motor skills: the effect on socialization as measured by the Baby And Infant Screen For Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT). Dev Neurorehabil 2012; 14:290-6. [PMID: 21870953 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2011.587838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of ASD diagnosis and motor skills on socialization in young children. METHODS Two samples were used: gross motor skills sample (n = 408) and fine motor skills sample (n = 402). The Battelle Developmental Inventory-Second Edition assessed motor skills, while the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits, Part 1 assessed socialization. RESULTS A main effect of diagnosis was found for both samples on socialization such that those with autism exhibited the most severe deficits followed by those with PDD-NOS and then atypically developing children. There was a main effect for gross motor skills, with high gross motor skills showing less social impairment. The interaction term was only significant in regards to fine motor skills. CONCLUSIONS The individual effects of ASD diagnosis and motor impairment as well as the interaction have implications for the assessment and treatment in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sipes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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Hattier MA, Matson JL, Tureck K, Horovitz M. The effects of gender and age on repetitive and/or restricted behaviors and interests in adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:2346-2351. [PMID: 21824745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Frequency of repetitive and/or restricted behaviors and interests (RRBIs) was assessed in 140 adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and severe or profound intellectual disability (ID). The associations of gender and age range were analyzed with RRBI frequency which was obtained using the Stereotypies subscale of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II (DASH-II). A significant main effect of gender was found. Male participants had higher frequency of RRBIs than females regardless of age range. There was not a significant main effect of age range or a significant interaction between gender and age range. Results and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Hattier
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Gerber F, Bessero S, Robbiani B, Courvoisier DS, Baud MA, Traoré MC, Blanco P, Giroud M, Galli Carminati G. Comparing residential programmes for adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: outcomes of challenging behaviour and quality of life. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2011; 55:918-932. [PMID: 21806693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to methodological issues, little research has been conducted to examine quality of life (QoL) as a treatment outcome in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). This study was conducted to combine QoL measures and objective observations of challenging behaviours (CB) in order to evaluate changes over time in adults with ASD and ID who were treated in two different residential programmes; we hypothesised that a decrease in CB would be related to an improved QoL. METHOD In a longitudinal study (45 months), we followed 31 adults with ASD and ID who had been integrated into two residential programmes [Autism Programme with a Structured Method (PAMS) vs. traditional programme for ID (No-PAMS)] for 2-19 years. QoL [Quality of Life Inventory in a Residential Environment (IQVMR)] and severity of autistic features (Childhood Autism Rating Scales) were evaluated annually. CB, as measured by the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC), including stereotypic behaviour and inappropriate speech, were repeatedly assessed every 3 months. RESULTS Observed separately, the groups' results were different. In the PAMS programme, stereotypic behaviour and inappropriate speech (ABC scores) significantly decreased, and the IQVMR total score increased; in contrast, in the comparison group, ABC scores did not change and the IQVMR total score decreased. In all, three mixed-effect ANCOVAs partially confirmed that the PAMS programme had an effect on CB and that QoL improvement did not directly depend on the type of programme but on reducing CB as measured by the ABC. CONCLUSION The PAMS programme has a positive and indirect influence on QoL by reducing CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gerber
- Psychiatric Unit of Mental Development (UPDM), Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) - University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on recent trends and developments in the study of psychopathology in persons with intellectual disability. This topic is of considerable importance to mental health professionals as rates of psychopathology are much higher for persons with intellectual disabilities relative to the general population. RECENT FINDINGS The number of studies on this topic is growing. The development of several areas is of particular significance. These topics include the impact of the burgeoning study of autism; the development of more specialized measures of psychopathology specific to particular forms of psychopathology, levels of intellectual disability and age; the development of psychologically based treatments, specifically the rise of functional assessment; the recognition that pharmacotherapy treatments are best aimed at core symptoms of classic forms of psychopathology such as psychosis, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression versus behavioral equivalents of psychopathology such as aggression, self-injurious behavior, property destruction, and pica; and establishing co-occurring patterns of personal features as they relate to psychopathology and intellectual disability. SUMMARY A better understanding of psychopathology and how to assess and treat it in persons with intellectual disability is occurring. However, much is yet to be learned in this relatively new field of study.
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Totsika V, Felce D, Kerr M, Hastings RP. Behavior problems, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life for older adults with intellectual disability with and without autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2011; 40:1171-8. [PMID: 20182784 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-0975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evidence base on outcomes associated with autism in older adulthood is limited. The expected increase in the prevalence of older adults with autism highlights the need to describe their profiles and service needs. Adults 50 years or older with an intellectual disability (ID) and the triad of impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were compared to peers with ID only, and younger adults with ASD and ID. After accounting for ability differences, older adults with ASD did not differ from those with ID in terms of behavior problems, psychiatric disorder, and quality of life. Any differences in the skills of adults with ASD were associated with decreased adaptive skills, and not the presence of ASD per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Totsika
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales LL57 2AS, UK.
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Hughes JR. Update on autism: a review of 1300 reports published in 2008. Epilepsy Behav 2009; 16:569-89. [PMID: 19896907 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This publication, by reviewing 1300 studies published on autism in 2008, represents an update on this topic. Results include possible parental influences, maternal conditions, and studies on genes and chromosomes. Possible etiological factors involve the "extreme male brain," defects in the mirror neuron system, vaccines, underconnectivity, disorders of central coherence, and many other more specific etiologies. Assessments or tests for autism are also reviewed. Characteristics of autistic individuals include repetitive behavior, language disorders, sleep disturbances, social problems, joint attention disorders, seizures, allergic reactions, and various behavioral changes. Cognitive changes involve IQ, reasoning, and verbal and language disorders. The savant syndrome is a fascinating phenomenon, at times seen in autistic individuals. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical changes are also reviewed, as are comorbid conditions. Finally, treatment involves various medications including risperidone, ziprasidone, and antipsychotic drugs, as well as different procedures such as magnetic stimulation, acupuncture, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. As mentioned in the 2007 survey, nearly every conceivable problem that a child can have may be found in these unfortunate children and nearly every conceivable etiology has been mentioned to account for this serious disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Hughes
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Matson JL, Dempsey T. The nature and treatment of compulsions, obsessions, and rituals in people with developmental disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:603-611. [PMID: 19013755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developmental disabilities such as intellectual disability and autism are often accompanied by special sets of behaviors which are major challenges for the person and those in their community. Among the most worrisome of these are compulsions, rituals and obsessions. Often these behaviors are left untreated; however, when intervention does occur it is often with pharmacotherapy. There are psychological treatments for these issues as well but a concerted focus to develop these procedures, unlike efforts in differential diagnosis, has not occurred. Additionally, no reviews of how best to treat these problematic behaviors have been published to date. The present paper reviews what is available with respect to these treatment approaches with an eye to what appears to be effective, what has been treated and what is yet to be explored from a research point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Stabilité et changement dans l’évolution des TED : perspective vie entière. ENFANCE 2009. [DOI: 10.4074/s0013754509001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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