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Kulbaev ND, Solovieva EP, Kutushev RZ, Volgareva EA. [Unilateral cryptophthalmos (a clinical and morphological study)]. Vestn Oftalmol 2019; 135:102-107. [PMID: 31215540 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2019135021102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophthalmos is a rare ocular cup malformation, which is classified among autosomal dominant inherited diseases, but often it occurs sporadically. The pathology is characterized by the absence of eyelids or palpebral fissure or their hypoplasia, as well as by abnormal development of the eye, especially of its anterior segment. The article describes a case of total cryptophthalmos without any associated malformations, with macrophthalmos on the right eye and abortive cryptophthalmos on the left in a one-year old girl. A pathomorphological investigation of the enucleated right eyeball was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Kulbaev
- Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Centre, 67/1 R. Zorge St., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, 450075
| | - E P Solovieva
- Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Centre, 67/1 R. Zorge St., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, 450075
| | - R Z Kutushev
- Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Centre, 67/1 R. Zorge St., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, 450075
| | - E A Volgareva
- Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Centre, 67/1 R. Zorge St., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, 450075
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Yu Q, Lin B, Xie S, Gao S, Li W, Liu Y, Wang H, Huang D, Xie Z. A homozygous mutation p.Arg2167Trp in FREM2 causes isolated cryptophthalmos. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2357-2366. [PMID: 29688405 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophthalmos (CO, MIM: 123570) is rare congenital anomalies of eyelid formation, which can occur alone or in combination with multiple congenital anomalies as part of Fraser syndrome (FS) or Manitoba Oculotrichoanal syndrome. Causal mutations have been identified for these syndromes but not in the isolated cases. Here, we described two patients from two unrelated Chinese families: one with unilateral isolated CO, while the other with unilateral CO and renal agenesis. A novel homozygous mutation (c.6499C>T: p.Arg2167Trp) and compound heterozygote mutations (c.15delG; c.6499C>T: p.Arg2167Trp) in FREM2 (NM_172862) were identified for the two patients, respectively. The deletion mutation c.15delG resulted in a frameshift and triggered the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. For the shared missense mutation, p.Arg2167Trp altered a conserved residue and was predicted to affect protein structure by in silico analysis. Functional analysis revealed that Arg2167Trp mutant decreased its interaction with FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) and impaired the function of the FRAS1-FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM2)-FREM1 ternary complex required for normal embryogenesis. Furthermore, considering that mutation (c.5914C>T: p.Glu1972Lys) in FREM2 causes FS, a severe systemic disorder, we also compared these two different missense mutations. Our results showed that p.Arg2167Trp had a weaker effect in interrupting interactions between FREM2 and FREM1 than FS-associated missense mutation p.Glu1972Lys. Overall, our data demonstrate that the homozygous mutation p.Arg2167Trp in FREM2 causes isolated CO, which will facilitate our better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Shangqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Song Gao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Retinal Neurobiology Section, National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Zhang X, Wang D, Dongye M, Zhu Y, Chen C, Wang R, Long E, Liu Z, Wu X, Lin D, Chen J, Lin Z, Wang J, Li W, Li Y, Li D, Lin H. Loss-of-function mutations in FREM2 disrupt eye morphogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:302-312. [PMID: 30802441 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophthalmos is a rare congenital disorder characterized by ocular dysplasia with eyelid malformation. Complete cryptophthalmos is characterized by the presence of continuous skin from the forehead over the eyes and onto the cheek, along with complete fusion of the eyelids. In the present study, we characterized the clinical manifestations of three patients with isolated bilateral cryptophthalmos. These patients shared the same c.6499C > T missense mutation in the FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2 (FREM2) gene, while each individual presented an additional nonsense mutation in the same gene (Patient #1, c.2206C > T; Patient #2, c.5309G > A; and Patient #3, c.4063C > T). Then, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice carrying Frem2R725X/R2156W compound heterozygous mutations, and showed that these mice recapitulated the human isolated cryptophthalmos phenotype. We detected FREM2 expression in the outer plexiform layer of the retina for the first time in the cryptophthalmic eyes, and the levels were comparable to the wild-type mice. Moreover, a set of different expressed genes that may contribute secondarily to the phenotypes were identified by performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the fetal Frem2 mutant mice. Our findings extend the spectrum of FREM2 mutations, and provide insights into opportunities for the prenatal diagnosis of isolated cryptophthalmos. Furthermore, our work highlights the importance of the FREM2 protein during the development of eyelids and the anterior segment of the eyeballs, establishes a suitable animal model for studying epithelial reopening during eyelid development and serves as a valuable reference for further mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis of isolated cryptophthalmos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Meimei Dongye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ruixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Erping Long
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wangting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Congenital upper eyelid coloboma: embryologic, nomenclatorial, nosologic, etiologic, pathogenetic, epidemiologic, clinical, and management perspectives. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 31:1-12. [PMID: 25419956 PMCID: PMC4334304 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To review the recent literature and describe the authors’ experience with congenital upper eyelid coloboma. Methods: In this review, we will summarize the embryologic and etiopathogenetic bases of congenital upper eyelid coloboma, and study the published clinical reports. We will also attempt to briefly shed some light on the rarer syndromic curiosities associated with upper eyelid coloboma. Results: Congenital upper eyelid colobomas are one of the few nontraumatic oculoplastic emergencies that may occasionally present in the first few days of life with a corneal ulcer and may even present with impending perforation. They can present with or without corneopalpebral adhesions, may be isolated findings or a part of a larger spectrum of congenital anomalies as in the case of Fraser syndrome or Goldenhar syndrome, or could be associated with other rare curiosities that could challenge the clinician with a huge diagnostic dilemma. Conclusions: Existing literature dealing with congenital colobomas of the upper eyelid is fraught with nosologic problems, confusing etiologies, and overlapping clinical features. We attempted to clarify the salient clinical features, outline the management principles, and until a time in the not-so-distant future where advances in molecular genetic testing would help redefine the etiology and the diverse clinical spectrum of genetic diseases associated with upper eyelid colobomas, we propose a simplified classification scheme based on the relation of the coloboma to the cornea, the presence or absence of systemic features, and all the syndromic and nonsyndromic associations of congenital coloboma of the upper eyelid known today. In this review, the authors will describe the pathogenesis of upper eyelid coloboma, suggest a new simplified classification system, describe the clinical picture in detail, clarify the various syndromic associations of upper eyelid coloboma, and lay out the basic surgical principles of management.
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Abstract
Loss of eyebrow hair may come to the attention of the dermatologist as a presenting complaint or as an unexpected finding on routine physical examination. Because eyebrows serve important cosmetic and social roles, their loss can be quite distressing to patients. While eyebrow loss may be an isolated finding of no medical consequence, it may also be an initial manifestation of a systemic condition. Loss of eyebrows has numerous causes including primary dermatoses, endocrinopathies, autoimmune conditions, infections, neoplasms, trauma, exogenous agents, and genetic diseases. We present a systemic review of eyebrow loss, including an algorithm that can be used to direct the work-up of patients presenting with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Velez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
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