1
|
Lőrincz B, Motýl J, Friedová L, Hrych D, Kubala Havrdová E, Krásenský J, Urban T, Kober T, Maréchal B, Vaněčková M, Horákova D, Vrablik M, Uher T. Lipid measures are associated with cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 91:105879. [PMID: 39270535 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between lipid measures and cognitive decline in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate relationships between lipid profile and cognitive performance in a large observational cohort of MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 211 patients with 316 available pairs of lipid and cognitive measures performed over follow-up. The time between lipid and cognitive measures did not exceed 90 days. Baseline data were analyzed by non-parametric Spearman rank correlation test. Repeated measures were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for sex, age, education level, disease-modifying therapy status, and depression. RESULTS Baseline analyses showed a correlation between higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower Categorical Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (rho=-0.15; p = 0.04), lower Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (rho=-0.16; p = 0.02) and lower Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) scores (rho=-0.12; p = 0.04). Higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively correlated with lower SDMT scores (rho=-0.16; p = 0.02) and lower Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 (PASAT-3) scores (rho=-0.24; p = 0.03). Mixed model analyses of repeated measures showed a negative association between higher LDL-C and lower CVLT (B=-0.02; p < 0.001, Cohen´s d = 0.08) and lower BVMT-R (B=-0.01; p = 0.03, Cohen´s d=-0.12). Also, the negative association between HDL-C and PASAT-3 was confirmed in the mixed model analysis (B=-0.18; p = 0.01, Cohen´s d = 0.07). Additional adjustments of the models for disability assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale or Normalized Brain Volume did not change the results of the models substantially. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a mild negative impact of dyslipidemia on cognitive performance in patients with MS. We propose that dyslipidemia contributes, at least in part, to cognitive decline in MS patients, independent of brain atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Lőrincz
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Motýl
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Friedová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Hrych
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krásenský
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tadeáš Urban
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Vaněčková
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horákova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vrablik
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nyári A, Kokas Z, Szamosi S, Fricska-Nagy Z, Füvesi J, Kincses ZT, Biernacki T, Vécsei L, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Sandi D. The 7-year follow-up of the Hungarian BICAMS validation cohort implies that cognitive performance may improve in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3369-3378. [PMID: 38280085 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is a frequent symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and has a great impact on the patients' quality of life, so screening is essential. The brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) was developed for this purpose. However, longitudinal data is lacking with the use of the battery. OBJECTIVE This study is to assess the performance of patients after 5 and 7 years of the original BICAMS validation study and to identify any influencing factors. METHODS BICAMS was used to measure cognitive function of 52 relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS) from the original validation study after 5 years (n = 43) and again, after 7 years (n = 42). Patients filled out the fatigue impact scale (FIS) and multiple sclerosis quality of life-54 (MSQoL-54) questionnaire, and we evaluated expanded disability status scale (EDSS). RESULTS There was an improvement in the BVMT-R and the CVLT-II assessments at both the 5-year (p<0.001 and p=0.025) and the 7-year retest (p<0.001 and p=0.002). The prevalence of CI significantly decreased at the 5-year mark (p=0.021) but remained stable after that. There was no deterioration in MSQoL scores during the study. The basic cognitive performance is the most important influencing factor, but the duration of the disease, the EDSS score, and the escalation of the therapy also affect the cognitive scores. CONCLUSION This is the longest longitudinal study utilizing the BICAMS battery, reinforcing its feasibility as a clinical screening tool. It seems that cognitive performance may improve in the long term and early initiation of effective therapy may influence this outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Nyári
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kokas
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Szamosi
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Biernacki
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH - SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu W, Francis H, Lucien A, Wheeler TA, Gandy M. The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09640-8. [PMID: 38587704 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that cognitive symptoms are a common sequelae of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and are associated with adverse functional consequences. However, estimates of cognitive impairment (CIm) prevalence vary widely. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of CIm among adults with RRMS and investigate moderators of prevalence rates. Following prospective registration (PROSPERO; CRD42021281815), electronic databases (Embase, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO) were searched from inception until March 2023. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of CIm among adults with RRMS, as determined through standardized neuropsychological testing and defined as evidence of reduced performance across at least two cognitive domains (e.g., processing speed, attention) relative to normative samples, healthy controls, or premorbid estimates. The electronic database search yielded 8695 unique records, of which 50 met selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment was 32.5% (95% confidence interval 29.3-36.0%) across 5859 participants. Mean disease duration and age were significant predictors of cognitive impairment prevalence, with samples with longer disease durations and older age reporting higher prevalence rates. Studies which administered more extensive test batteries also reported significantly higher cognitive impairment prevalence. Approximately one third of adults with RRMS experience clinical levels of CIm. This finding supports the use of routine cognitive testing to enable early detection of CIm, and to identify individuals who may benefit from additional cognitive and functional support during treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wu
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Heather Francis
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Neurology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Abbie Lucien
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tyler-Ann Wheeler
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Milena Gandy
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Motyl J, Friedova L, Ganapathy Subramanian R, Vaneckova M, Fuchs TA, Krasensky J, Blahova Dusankova J, Kubala Havrdova E, Horakova D, Uher T. Brain MRI disease burden and sex differences in cognitive performance of patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:109-118. [PMID: 37552396 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence that shows worse cognitive functioning in male patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of brain pathology in this context is under-investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate sex differences in cognitive performance of MS patients, in the context of brain pathology and disease burden. METHODS Brain MRI, neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment (Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS-BICAMS, and Paced Auditory Verbal Learning Test-PASAT), and patient-reported outcome questionnaires were performed/administered in 1052 MS patients. RESULTS Females had higher raw scores in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (57.0 vs. 54.0; p < 0.001) and Categorical Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (63.0 vs. 57.0; p < 0.001), but paradoxically, females evaluated their cognitive performance by MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire as being worse (16.6 vs 14.5, p = 0.004). Females had a trend for a weaker negative correlation between T2 lesion volume and SDMT ([Formula: see text] = - 0.37 in females vs. - 0.46 in men; interaction p = 0.038). On the other hand, women had a trend for a stronger correlation between Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF) and a visual memory test (Spearman's [Formula: see text] = 0.31 vs. 0.21; interaction p = 0.016). All these trends were not significant after correction for false discovery rate. CONCLUSIONS Although, females consider their cognition as worse, males had at a group level slightly worse verbal memory and information processing speed. However, the sex differences in cognitive performance were smaller than the variability of scores within the same sex group. Brain MRI measures did not explain the sex differences in cognitive performance among MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Motyl
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ranjani Ganapathy Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tom A Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova Dusankova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Care, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abualhasan A, Naseer MA, Shalaby N, El-Jaafary SI, Farghaly M, Shehata HS, Doma ES, Al-Azayem SA. Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis in Egyptian pediatric multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105374. [PMID: 38134604 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES About one-third of pediatric-onset MS (POMS) patients report cognitive impairment. This case-control study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) in Egyptian POMS patients. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 30 POMS patients aged 9 to 17 years old and 30 healthy controls. Both groups underwent the following tests: neuropsychological testing using the BICAMS-validated Arabic version battery involving the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test 2nd edition (CVLT-II) and revised Brief Visuospatial Retention Test (BVRT-R). Test-retest data were obtained from MS patients and controls 2 weeks following the primary evaluation. Mean variances between both groups were evaluated, controlling for age, gender, and educational level. RESULTS MS patients scored significantly lower on the SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R tests than healthy controls (P-value <0.001). Test-retest reliability was satisfactory for SDMT, CVLT-II total, and BVRT-R in MS patients and controls with r values of 0.73, 0.83, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSION BICAMS is a feasible approach to cognitive screening in POMS and adults. The Arabic version of BICAMS is a reliable and valid tool for the cognitive assessment of pediatric MS patients in different clinical and research settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nevin Shalaby
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Farghaly
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Ebtehal S Doma
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye ZX, Bi J, Qiu LL, Chen XY, Li MC, Chen XY, Qiu YS, Yuan RY, Yu XT, Huang CY, Cheng B, Lin W, Chen WJ, Hu JP, Fu Y, Wang N, Gan SR. Cognitive impairment associated with cerebellar volume loss in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. J Neurol 2024; 271:918-928. [PMID: 37848650 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neuroscience and neurology studies have forced a reconsideration of the traditional motor-related scope of cerebellar function, which has now expanded to include various cognitive functions. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3; the most common hereditary ataxia) is neuropathologically characterized by cerebellar atrophy and frequently presents with cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To characterize cognitive impairment in SCA3 and investigate the cerebellum-cognition associations. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study recruited 126 SCA3 patients and 41 healthy control individuals (HCs). Participants underwent a brain 3D T1-weighted images as well as neuropsychological tests. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest (ROI) approaches were performed on the 3D T1-weighted images. CERES was used to automatically segment cerebellums. Patients were grouped into cognitively impaired (CI) and cognitively preserved (CP), and clinical and MRI parameters were compared. Multivariable regression models were fitted to examine associations between cerebellar microstructural alterations and cognitive domain impairments. RESULTS Compared to HCs, SCA3 patients showed cognitive domain impairments in information processing speed, verbal memory, executive function, and visuospatial perception. Between CI and CP subgroups, the CI subgroup was older and had lower education, as well as higher severity scores. VBM and ROI analyses revealed volume loss in cerebellar bilateral lobule VI, right lobule Crus I, and right lobule IV of the CI subgroup, and all these cerebellar lobules were associated with the above cognitive domain impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the multiple cognitive domain impairments in SCA3 patients and indicate the responsible cerebellar lobules for the impaired cognitive domain(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xian Ye
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jin Bi
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Liang-Liang Qiu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Li
- Department of Radiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yu-Sen Qiu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ru-Ying Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xin-Tong Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Chun-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Bi Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wan-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Jian-Ping Hu
- Department of Radiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Waskowiak PT, de Jong BA, Uitdehaag BMJ, Saddal SRD, Aarts J, Roovers AAM, van Oirschot P, de Groot V, Schaafsma FG, van der Hiele K, Ruitenberg MFL, Schoonheim MM, Widdershoven GAM, van der Veen S, Schippers ECF, Klein M, Hulst HE. Don't be late! Timely identification of cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis: a study protocol. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38218777 PMCID: PMC10787411 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment occurs in up to 65% of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), negatively affecting daily functioning and health-related quality of life. In general, neuropsychological testing is not part of standard MS-care due to insufficient time and trained personnel. Consequently, a baseline assessment of cognitive functioning is often lacking, hampering early identification of cognitive decline and change within a person over time. To assess cognitive functioning in PwMS in a time-efficient manner, a BICAMS-based self-explanatory digital screening tool called the Multiple Screener©, has recently been developed. The aim of the current study is to validate the Multiple Screener© in a representative sample of PwMS in the Netherlands. Additionally, we aim to investigate how cognitive functioning is related to psychological factors, and both work and societal participation. METHODS In this cross-sectional multicentre study, 750 PwMS (aged 18-67 years) are included. To obtain a representative sample, PwMS are recruited via 12 hospitals across the Netherlands. They undergo assessment with the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in MS (MACFIMS; reference-standard) and the Multiple Screener©. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for identifying (mild) cognitive impairment are determined in a subset of 300 participants. In a second step, the identified cut-off values are tested in an independent subset of at least 150 PwMS. Moreover, test-retest reliability for the Multiple Screener© is determined in 30 PwMS. Information on psychological and work-related factors is assessed with questionnaires. DISCUSSION Validating the Multiple Screener© in PwMS and investigating cognition and its determinants will further facilitate early identification and adequate monitoring of cognitive decline in PwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline T Waskowiak
- MS Center Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, De Boelelaan, 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brigit A de Jong
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shalina R D Saddal
- MS Center Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jip Aarts
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aïda A M Roovers
- MS Center Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, De Boelelaan, 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent de Groot
- MS Center Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederieke G Schaafsma
- MS Center Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van der Hiele
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marit F L Ruitenberg
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Widdershoven
- Ethics, Law & Medical Humanities, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina van der Veen
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C F Schippers
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- MS Center Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, De Boelelaan, 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E Hulst
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uher T, Adzima A, Srpova B, Noskova L, Maréchal B, Maceski AM, Krasensky J, Stastna D, Andelova M, Novotna K, Vodehnalova K, Motyl J, Friedova L, Lindner J, Ravano V, Burgetova A, Dusek P, Fialova L, Havrdova EK, Horakova D, Kober T, Kuhle J, Vaneckova M. Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1437-1451. [PMID: 37840276 PMCID: PMC10580682 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231197076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with better outcomes; however, diagnostic delays remain a major problem. OBJECTIVE Describe the prevalence, determinants and consequences of delayed diagnoses. METHODS This single-centre ambispective study analysed 146 adult relapsing-remitting MS patients (2016-2021) for frequency and determinants of diagnostic delays and their associations with clinical, cognitive, imaging and biochemical measures. RESULTS Diagnostic delays were identified in 77 patients (52.7%), including 42 (28.7%) physician-dependent cases and 35 (24.0%) patient-dependent cases. Diagnosis was delayed in 22 (15.1%) patients because of misdiagnosis by a neurologist. A longer diagnostic delay was associated with trends towards greater Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores (B = 0.03; p = 0.034) and greater z-score of the blood neurofilament light chain (B = 0.35; p = 0.031) at the time of diagnosis. Compared with patients diagnosed at their first clinical relapse, patients with a history of >1 relapse at diagnosis (n = 63; 43.2%) had a trend towards greater EDSS scores (B = 0.06; p = 0.006) and number of total (B = 0.13; p = 0.040) and periventricular (B = 0.06; p = 0.039) brain lesions. CONCLUSION Diagnostic delays in MS are common, often determined by early misdiagnosis and associated with greater disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Adzima
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Srpova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Noskova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bénédicte Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland/Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland/Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Maleska Maceski
- Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Stastna
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Andelova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Novotna
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Vodehnalova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Motyl
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lindner
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronica Ravano
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland/Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland/Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Burgetova
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic/Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Fialova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland/Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland/Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
London F, De Haan A, Benyahia Z, Landenne G, Duprez T, van Pesch V, El Sankari S. Cognitive trajectories in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Evidence of multiple evolutionary trends. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 77:104848. [PMID: 37390678 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) frequently occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is assumed to increase over time. However, recent studies have suggested that the evolution of cognitive status in patients with MS may be more heterogeneous than expected. Predicting CI remains also challenging, and longitudinal studies exploring the baseline determinants of cognitive performances are limited. No studies have explored the predictive value of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) regarding future CI. OBJECTIVE To explore the evolutionary patterns of cognitive status in a cohort of RRMS patients initiating a new disease modifying treatment (DMT), and to determine whether PROMs may have a predictive value for future CI. METHODS The present prospective study is a 12-month follow-up of a cohort of 59 RRMS patients who underwent yearly a comprehensive, multiparametric assessment combining clinical (with EDSS assessment), neuropsychological (BVMT-R, SDMT, CVLT-II), MRI-derived metrics and a set of self-reported questionnaires. Lesion and brain volumes were analyzed and processed by the automated MSmetrix® software (Icometrix®, Leuven, Belgium). Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association of collected variables. A longitudinal logistic regression analysis was performed to find baseline correlates of CI at 12 months (T1). RESULTS A total of 33 patients (56%) were defined as cognitively impaired at baseline, and 20 (38%) were defined as impaired at follow-up after 12 months. The mean raw scores and Z-scores of all the cognitive tests were significantly improved at T1 (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant improvement in most PROM scores at T1 (p < 0.05) in comparison with baseline scores. Among the variables assessed, lower education and physical disability level at baseline correlated with impaired SDMT (OR: 1.68, p = 0.01; OR: 3.10, p = 0.02, respectively) and impaired BVMT-R (OR: 4.08, p=<0.001; OR: 4.82, p = 0.001, respectively) at T1. Neither baseline PROMs nor MRI volumetric parameters were predictive of cognitive performances at T1. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional evidence that evolution of CI in MS may be a dynamic phenomenon and will not usually follow an inevitable, declining trajectory, and do not support the utility of PROMs in predicting CI in RRMS. The present study is still ongoing to determine whether our findings are confirmed at 2 and 3 years of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric London
- Department of Neurology, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1 Avenue G. Thérasse, Yvoir B-5530, Belgium.
| | - Alice De Haan
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtane Landenne
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Duprez
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Souraya El Sankari
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Can Demirdöğen B, Kiliç OO, Yilmaz AA, Mungan S, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö. Neurocognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis and its association with thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:508-523. [PMID: 36602284 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the possible association between cognitive impairment and two important biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress, thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study included 85 patients with MS (38 treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 31 RRMS on fingolimod therapy, and 16 secondary progressive MS (SPMS)) and 33 healthy controls. Cognitive evaluation was carried out by applying the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) test battery and the scores were adjusted for age and years of education. Plasma TDH was assessed using an automated method and plasma IMA levels were determined using the cobalt-albumin binding assay. Plasma native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in patients with SPMS when compared with the naïve patients and healthy controls. Cognitive impairment was detected in 47.4% of naïve patients, 64.5% of patients on fingolimod therapy, and 80% of patients with SPMS. Naïve patients or patients on fingolimod therapy who were cognitively impaired had significantly decreased levels of native thiol and total thiol compared to the cognitively normal patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed total thiol and native thiol to be significantly associated with cognitive impairment in naïve patients and patients on fingolimod therapy. Significant correlations were determined between BICAMS scores, TDH, IMA, clinical indices of disease severity (EDSS and MSSS), and magnetic resonance imaging parameters. This study has shown for the first time that plasma TDH parameters are associated with cognitive impairment in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Can Demirdöğen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Oğuzhan Kiliç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Ayhan Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Mungan
- Neurology Clinic, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
London F, El Sankari S, De Haan A, Benyahia Z, Landenne G, Duprez T, van Pesch V. Patient-reported outcome measurements in a selective cohort of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: relationships with physical disability, cognitive impairment, and MRI-derived metrics. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02225-x. [PMID: 36877357 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The added value of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in addition to standard clinical outcome tools in the assessment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients' status is increasingly recognized. PROMs facilitate the detection of hidden aspects of MS and help to integrate the patient's subjective experience of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) status and treatment satisfaction in a holistic way. However, the relationship between PROMs and clinical and cognitive status has been scarcely investigated up to now. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of PROMs with physical and cognitive disability in a cohort of RRMS patients at initiation of a new disease-modifying treatment. METHODS In this cross-sectional bicenter study, 59 consecutive RRMS patients underwent neurological examination with EDSS assessment, comprehensive cognitive tests (BVMT-R, SDMT, CVLT-II) and a set of self-reported questionnaires. Lesion and brain volumes were analyzed and processed by the automated MSmetrix® software (Icometrix®, Leuven, Belgium). Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association of collected variables. A cross-sectional logistic regression analysis was performed to find baseline correlates of cognitive impairment. RESULTS Of the 59 RRMS patients (mean age 39 ± 9.8 years, 79.7% female, median EDSS 2.0), 33 (56%) had cognitive impairment. While almost all dimensions of health, explored by PROMs, were impacted in the overall sample, no significant difference was observed in patients with and without cognitive impairment. All PROMs were significantly associated with EDSS (R = 0.37-0.55; p < 0.05), except for the psychological component of MSIS-29, BDI and DEX-Q scores. No significant correlation was found between PROMs and cognitive performances. The cross-sectional logistic regression analysis included age, gender (female), education, EDSS, hippocampus and FLAIR lesion volumes as significant predictors of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The data highlight that PROMs provide valuable information on the well-being of PwMS closely paralleling the extent of MS-related disability, as measured by the EDSS. Additional research should determine the relevance of PROMs as longitudinal outcome measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric London
- Department of Neurology, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1 avenue G. Thérasse, B-5530, Yvoir, Belgium.
| | - Souraya El Sankari
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice De Haan
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtane Landenne
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Duprez
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tremblay A, Charest K, Brando E, Roger E, Duquette P, Rouleau I. Cognitive reserve as a moderating factor between EDSS and cognition in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 70:104482. [PMID: 36603291 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is now well recognized that brain damage and/or atrophy apparent on MRI is only moderately correlated to cognitive functioning. The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis has been proposed to explain this functional heterogeneity, but it has only been addressed recently in the MS literature and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study is to examine the protective role of CR in cognition using a standardized CR tool in a population with a wide age range. METHODS A neuropsychological evaluation was performed on 84 pwMS aged between 27 and 78 years old and the CR Index questionnaire (CRIq) was used to estimate CR. The EDSS scale was used to assess the degree of neurologic impairment and estimate the disease burden. RESULTS A moderating effect of CR was observed in the relationship between EDSS score and specific cognitive domains: processing efficiency, visuospatial learning and memory, as well as a tendency for verbal memory. In pwMS with a high level of CR, there was no negative relationship between these cognitive domains and EDSS. CONCLUSION The results support the protective role of CR in a sample of pwMS with a wide age range. This role seems to be limited to specific cognitive tasks that pose a greater challenge and therefore require greater adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, QC, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Kim Charest
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, QC, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Estefan Brando
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, QC, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Elaine Roger
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, QC H2 X 3H8, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, QC H2 X 3H8, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, QC, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, QC H2 X 3H8, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Potticary H, Langdon D. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Brief Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) International Validations. J Clin Med 2023; 12:703. [PMID: 36675637 PMCID: PMC9863826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prevalent and debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) but is not routinely addressed in clinical care. The Brief Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) was developed in 2012 to screen and monitor MS patients’ cognition. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, synthesise, and critically appraise current BICAMS’ international validations. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science electronic databases in August 2022. Quantitative, peer-reviewed adult studies, which followed the BICAMS international validation protocol and were published in English, were included. The search identified a total of 203 studies, of which 26 were eligible for inclusion. These reported a total of 2833 adults with MS and 2382 healthy controls (HC). The meta-analysis showed that BICAMS identified impaired cognitive functioning in adults with MS compared to HC for all three subtests: information processing speed (g = 0.854, 95% CI = 0.765, 0.944, p < 0.001), immediate verbal recall (g = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.459, 0.673, p < 0.001) and immediate visual recall (g = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.487, 0.645, p < 0.001). Recruitment sites and strategies limit the generalisability of results. BICAMS is a valid and feasible international MS cognitive assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Potticary
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Skorve E, Lundervold AJ, Torkildsen Ø, Riemer F, Grüner R, Myhr KM. Brief international cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS) and global brain volumes in early stages of MS - A longitudinal correlation study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104398. [PMID: 36462469 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in patients with multiple sclerosis, even in the early stages of the disease. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) is a short screening tool developed to assess cognitive function in everyday clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between volumetric brain measures derived from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and performance on BICAMS subtests in early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS BICAMS was used to assess cognitive function in 49 MS patients at baseline and after one and two years. The patients were separated into two groups (with or without cognitive impairment) based on their performances on BICAMSs subtests. MRI data were analysed by a software tool (MSMetrix), yielding normalized measures of global brain volumes and lesion volumes. Associations between cognitive tests and brain MRI measures were analysed by running correlation analyses, and differences between subgroups and changes over time with independent and paired samples tests, respectively. RESULTS The strongest baseline correlations were found between the BICAMS subtests and normalized whole brain volume (NBV) and grey matter volume (NGV); processing speed r = 0.54/r = 0.48, verbal memory r = 0.49/ r = 0.42, visual memory r = 0.48 /r = 0.39. Only the verbal memory test had significant correlations with T2 and T1 lesion volumes (LV) at both time points; T2LV r = 0.39, T1LV r = 0.38. There were significant loss of grey matter and white matter volume overall (NGV p<0.001, NWV p = 0.003), as well as an increase in T1LV (p = 0.013). The longitudinally defined confirmed cognitively impaired (CCI) and preserved (CCP) patients showed significant group differences on all MRI volume measures at both time points, except for NWV. Only the CCI subgroup showed significant white matter atrophy (p = 0.006) and increase in T2LV (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS The present study found strong correlations between whole brain and grey matter volumes and performance on the BICAMS subtests as well as significant changes in global volumes from baseline to follow-up with clear differences between patients defined as cognitively impaired and preserved at both baseline and follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Skorve
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Riemer
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Taranu D, Tumani H, Holbrook J, Tumani V, Uttner I, Fissler P. The TRACK-MS Test Battery: A Very Brief Tool to Track Multiple Sclerosis-Related Cognitive Impairment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112975. [PMID: 36428543 PMCID: PMC9687502 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for detection of disease progression but it is often not performed in routine settings due to time constraints. This exploratory cohort study aims to develop a very brief repeatable tracking tool with comparable test quality criteria to the current gold standard, the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). The study included 88 participants (22 healthy controls, 66 MS patients) who were examined at baseline and at one-year follow-up. As a validity criterion for the six administered cognitive tests, we assessed the difference between MS patients and HC, and the correlation with MS-related disability. Combining the two tests with the highest validity-the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test-yielded an administration time of 5 min. Comparing this new TRACK-MS test battery with the 15 min BICAMS indicated that TRACK-MS showed larger differences between MS patients and healthy controls, a higher correlation with MS-related disability, smaller practice effects, and a good test-retest reliability. We provide evidence that TRACK-MS, although faster to administer, showed at least comparable quality criteria as the BICAMS. As the study was exploratory, replication of these results is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Taranu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, D-89071 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, D-89071 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Jill Holbrook
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, D-89071 Ulm, Germany
| | - Visal Tumani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, D-89071 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingo Uttner
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, D-89071 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Fissler
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, D-89071 Ulm, Germany
- Psychiatric Services Thurgau, CH-8596 Münsterlingen, Switzerland
- University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berard JA, Walker LA. Validity and sensitivity of Canadian normative data for the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS) battery. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 63:103865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Rivera D, Usuga DR, Mendoza EMF, Arelis AA, Barajas BVR, Islas MÁM, Krch D, Lequerica AH, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in individuals with multiple sclerosis in Mexico. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Information Processing Speed Assessed with Letter Digit Substitution Test in Croatian Sample of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010111. [PMID: 35054278 PMCID: PMC8774378 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common complaint in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The study objective was to determine the psychometric properties of the letter digit substitution test (LDST) that measures information processing speed and to investigate the impact of relevant predictors of LDST achievement in pwMS. The design was cross-sectional. The study included 87 pwMS and 154 control subjects. The validity of LDST was examined, and a hierarchical regression model was used to explore relevant predictors of LDST success. The LDST had excellent construct validity, as expressed by differences between pwMS and control subjects. Convergent validity of the LDST was supported by a significant moderate correlation with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (ρ = −0.36; p < 0.05) and a significantly strong correlation with the multiple sclerosis impact scale (MSIS-29) physical subscale (r = −0.64; p < 0.01). The LDTS score well differentiated the pwMS considering age, education, EDSS, disease duration, comorbidity, and medication therapy. Using the LDST as a criterion variable in pwMS results showed consistent evidence for the age, education, and EDSS impact on LDST performance. The best cut-off score of ≤35 discriminated the control and MS group. LDST proved to be a valid test for assessing information processing speed in pwMS.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tunisian version of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis: Validation and normative values. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 58:103444. [PMID: 34929452 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brief International cognitive assessment for Multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) is a specific batterie used to identify cognitive impairment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in a reliable and easy way. To date, for the Arabic-speaking Tunisian MS patients, there is no consensus for the use of specific cognitive batteries in MS. OBJECTIVE The aim of our work was to develop and validate the Tunisian version of the BICAMS (T-BICAMS) and to determine our own normative values. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with MS and followed up in the department of Neurology of Razi Hospital were recruited and matched to healthy controls according to age, sex and educational level. T-BICAMS validity was established by comparing MS and healthy controls for symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), brief visual memory test (BVMT-R) and Tunisian verbal learning tests (TVLT) which was used instead of the California verbal learning test (CVLT-II). RESULTS The 104 MS patients and 104 healthy controls were comparable for age, sex and educational level. The MS group exhibited lower performances in all T-BICAMS domains compared to healthy controls: SDMT (x003Dp<10-3), BVMT-R (p = 0.002) and TVLT (p x003D<10-3). T-BICAMS Cronbach alpha value was 0.741. Normative values were identified for patients with MS: SDMT [39-40], BVMT-R [26-27] and TVLT [43-44]. Cognitive impairment was identified among 76 patients (73.1%). Males, lower educational levels and progressive MS were associated with a more severe cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The current study has established the BICAMS as a valid and reliable tool for the identification of cognitive impairment in the Tunisian MS population.
Collapse
|
20
|
Altieri M, Fratino M, Maestrini I, Dionisi C, Annecca R, Vicenzini E, Di Piero V. Cognitive Performance in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: At Risk or Impaired? Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2021; 49:539-543. [PMID: 33735893 DOI: 10.1159/000514674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since cognitive impairment (CI) occurs on average in 45% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, the early detection of patients "at risk" of CI is important in order to promptly apply preventive strategies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for CI in MS patients using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) as a screening test. METHODS During the 1-year period, CI was evaluated in 82 consecutives mild relapsing-remitting MS (EDSS ≤ 3.5) patients. Patients with 1 altered BICAMS test were defined "at risk." Both "at risk" and CI patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery. RESULTS We found that: (i) 23% had CI, (ii), 25% were "at risk" of CI, and (iii) 76% of the "at risk" patients were already impaired at the NP assessment. In particular, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test was the most compromised (70% of "at risk" and 79% of CI patients). Patients with CI had more frequently an EDSS ≥ 2.5 (p = 0.05), lower education (p = 0.05), and relapses in the last 12 months (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS CI is a significant issue in MS and integration of a screening test, such as the SDMT, into routine clinical practice could be of worth to identify "at risk" patients and to promote an early therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Altieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy, .,Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy, .,Sub-Intensive Unit of Neurology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy,
| | - Mariangela Fratino
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maestrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Sub-Intensive Unit of Neurology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dionisi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Annecca
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Di Piero
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Sub-Intensive Unit of Neurology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Srpova B, Sobisek L, Novotna K, Uher T, Friedova L, Vaneckova M, Krasensky J, Kubala Havrdova E, Horakova D. The clinical and paraclinical correlates of employment status in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1911-1920. [PMID: 34392392 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the clinical and paraclinical markers of employment status in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This was a cross-sectional sub-study investigating 1226 MS patients. To minimalized confounding effect, two groups of patients, matched by sex, age, and education, were selected: 307 patients with full time employment and 153 unemployed patients receiving disability pension. We explored associations between employment status and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), 25 Foot Walk Test (25FWT), Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SLOAN charts (SLOAN), and brain volumetric MRI measures. RESULTS Both groups differed significantly on all variables of interest (p < 0.001). In the univariate analyses, EDSS, SDMT (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) adjusted for BDI, 25FWT, and 9HPT best explained variability in vocational status. In multivariate analyses, the combination of EDSS, 25FWT, SDMT, BDI, and corpus callosum fraction (CCF) explained the greatest variability. As a next step, after patients were matched by EDSS, differences in SDMT, 25FWT (both p < 0.001), 9HPT, CCF, and T2 lesion volume were still present (all p < 0.005) between both groups. The best multivariate model consisted of SDMT, BDI, and T2 lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS EDSS, walking ability, cognitive performance, and MRI volumetric parameters are independently associated with employment status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Srpova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Sobisek
- Department of Statistics and Probability, University of Economics in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Novotna
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Crouch TA, Reas HE, Quach CM, Erickson TM. Does depression in multiple sclerosis mediate effects of cognitive functioning on quality of life? Qual Life Res 2021; 31:497-506. [PMID: 34228241 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at significant risk for decreased quality of life (QoL), in part due to factors such as cognitive impairment and depression. However, objective versus subjective assessments of cognitive functioning may differentially predict QoL, and it remains unknown whether they each impact QoL through levels of depression. The aims of the present study included (1) testing the effects of cognitive impairment on MS-related QoL via depression symptoms and (2) examining whether perceived and objective cognitive functioning differentially predict QoL through depression. METHODS Patients formally diagnosed with MS (N = 128) participated in cognitive assessment (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) and completed self-report measures of perceived cognitive functioning (perceived deficits questionnaire), depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and MS-related QoL (functional assessment of multiple sclerosis). RESULTS Mediational hypotheses were tested by regression and structural equation modeling. As hypothesized, both perceived and objective cognitive functioning independently predicted lower QoL controlling for the effects of depression (p < 0.001). Consistent with hypotheses, depression mediated effects of both perceived (95% CI [0.31, 0.68]) and objective cognitive functioning (95% CI [0.09, 6.96]) on QoL when tested in separate models. However, when both predictors were modeled simultaneously, depression only mediated the effects of perceived (not objective) cognitive functioning (95% CI for standardized effect [0.10, 0.61]). CONCLUSIONS This study, thus, suggests the need to conceptualize different pathways by which objective and subjective cognitive impairment may shape QoL in the lives of individuals with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Crouch
- Sleep Medicine, Puget Sound VA Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
| | - Hannah E Reas
- Sleep Medicine, Puget Sound VA Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Christina M Quach
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, 3307 3rd Ave. W., Suite 107, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Thane M Erickson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, 3307 3rd Ave. W., Suite 107, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bommarito G, Tarun A, Farouj Y, Preti MG, Petracca M, Droby A, El Mendili MM, Inglese M, Van De Ville D. Altered anterior default mode network dynamics in progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2021; 28:206-216. [PMID: 34125626 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211018116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifications in brain function remain relatively unexplored in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), despite their potential to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease at this stage. OBJECTIVES To characterize the dynamics of functional networks at rest in patients with PMS, and the relation with clinical disability. METHODS Thirty-two patients with PMS underwent clinical and cognitive assessment. The dynamic properties of functional networks, retrieved from transient brain activity, were obtained from patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Sixteen HCs and 19 patients underwent a 1-year follow-up (FU) clinical and imaging assessment. Differences in the dynamic metrics between groups, their longitudinal changes, and the correlation with clinical disability were explored. RESULTS PMS patients, compared to HCs, showed a reduced dynamic functional activation of the anterior default mode network (aDMN) and a decrease in its opposite-signed co-activation with the executive control network (ECN), at baseline and FU. Processing speed and visuo-spatial memory negatively correlated to aDMN dynamic activity. The anti-couplings between aDMN and auditory/sensory-motor network, temporal-pole/amygdala, or salience networks were differently associated with separate cognitive domains. CONCLUSION Patients with PMS presented an altered aDMN functional recruitment and anti-correlation with ECN. The aDMN dynamic functional activity and interaction with other networks explained cognitive disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bommarito
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland / Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland / Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anjali Tarun
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland / Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Younes Farouj
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland / Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland / Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amgad Droby
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy / Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA / Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland / Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hämäläinen P, Leo V, Therman S, Ruutiainen J. Validation of the Finnish version of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) and evaluation of the applicability of the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) and the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC). Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02087. [PMID: 33960700 PMCID: PMC8213644 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) as approximately half of the patients manifest some degree of cognitive impairment. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) has been designed for brief cognitive evaluation. The purpose of the study was to validate the BICAMS along with the Finnish versions of one self-rating questionnaire each for cognition and fatigue. METHODS A total of 65 MS patients and 45 healthy controls (HC) were assessed with the BICAMS, the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ), and the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) twice, approximately within nine days. RESULTS MS patients scored markedly lower than the HCs on each of the three tests of the BICAMS. Of the patients, 60% scored at least 1.5 SD below the mean of the HCs on at least one test; 49% on the SDMT, 26% on the CVLT-II, and 28% on the BVMT-R. Correlation coefficients for the repeated measurement were between 0.75 and 0.89 for the three tests in the whole study sample. MS patients reported more cognitive symptoms and more fatigue than the HCs. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for the MSNQ and 0.98 for the FSMC. Correlation coefficient for the repeated measurement was 0.91 for the MSNQ and between 0.92 and 0.94 for the FSMC scores for the whole study sample. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the validity of the Finnish version of the BICAMS. The SDMT was the most sensitive of the three BICAMS tests and showed cognitive impairment in half of the patients. The Finnish versions of the MSNQ and the FSMC proved useful tools in approaching concerns related to cognition and fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Hämäläinen
- Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Centre, The Finnish Neuro Society, Masku, Finland
| | - Vera Leo
- Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Centre, The Finnish Neuro Society, Masku, Finland.,Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Therman
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Ruutiainen
- Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Centre, The Finnish Neuro Society, Masku, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lincoln NB, Bradshaw LE, Constantinescu CS, Day F, Drummond AE, Fitzsimmons D, Harris S, Montgomery AA, das Nair R. Group cognitive rehabilitation to reduce the psychological impact of multiple sclerosis on quality of life: the CRAMMS RCT. Health Technol Assess 2021; 24:1-182. [PMID: 31934845 DOI: 10.3310/hta24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with multiple sclerosis have problems with memory and attention. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation has not been established. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation programme for people with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN This was a multicentre, randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomised in a ratio of 6 : 5 to receive cognitive rehabilitation plus usual care or usual care alone. Participants were assessed at 6 and 12 months after randomisation. SETTING The trial was set in hospital neurology clinics and community services. PARTICIPANTS Participants were people with multiple sclerosis who had cognitive problems, were aged 18-69 years, could travel to attend group sessions and gave informed consent. INTERVENTION The intervention was a group cognitive rehabilitation programme delivered weekly by an assistant psychologist to between four and six participants for 10 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale - Psychological subscale at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included results from the Everyday Memory Questionnaire, the 30-Item General Health Questionnaire, the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version and a service use questionnaire from participants, and the Everyday Memory Questionnaire - relative version and the Modified Carer Strain Index from a relative or friend of the participant. RESULTS Of the 449 participants randomised, 245 were allocated to cognitive rehabilitation (intervention group) and 204 were allocated to usual care (control group). Of these, 214 in the intervention group and 173 in the control group were included in the primary analysis. There was no clinically important difference in the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale - Psychological subscale score between the two groups at the 12-month follow-up (adjusted difference in means -0.6, 95% confidence interval -1.5 to 0.3; p = 0.20). There were no important differences between the groups in relation to cognitive abilities, fatigue, employment, or carer strain at follow-up. However, there were differences, although small, between the groups in the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale - Psychological subscale score at 6 months (adjusted difference in means -0.9, 95% confidence interval -1.7 to -0.1; p = 0.03) and in everyday memory on the Everyday Memory Questionnaire as reported by participants at 6 (adjusted difference in means -5.3, 95% confidence interval -8.7 to -1.9) and 12 months (adjusted difference in means -4.4, 95% confidence interval -7.8 to -0.9) and by relatives at 6 (adjusted difference in means -5.4, 95% confidence interval -9.1 to -1.7) and 12 months (adjusted difference in means -5.5, 95% confidence interval -9.6 to -1.5) in favour of the cognitive rehabilitation group. There were also differences in mood on the 30-Item General Health Questionnaire at 6 (adjusted difference in means -3.4, 95% confidence interval -5.9 to -0.8) and 12 months (adjusted difference in means -3.4, 95% confidence interval -6.2 to -0.6) in favour of the cognitive rehabilitation group. A qualitative analysis indicated perceived benefits of the intervention. There was no evidence of a difference in costs (adjusted difference in means -£574.93, 95% confidence interval -£1878.93 to £729.07) or quality-adjusted life-year gain (adjusted difference in means 0.00, 95% confidence interval -0.02 to 0.02). No safety concerns were raised and no deaths were reported. LIMITATIONS The trial included a sample of participants who had relatively severe cognitive problems in daily life. The trial was not powered to perform subgroup analyses. Participants could not be blinded to treatment allocation. CONCLUSIONS This cognitive rehabilitation programme had no long-term benefits on quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis. FUTURE WORK Future research should evaluate the selection of those who may benefit from cognitive rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN09697576. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 4. See the National Institute for Health Research Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadina B Lincoln
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lucy E Bradshaw
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Florence Day
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Shaun Harris
- Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alan A Montgomery
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Farghaly M, Langdon DW, Shalaby NM, Shehata HS, Abokrysha NT, Hassan A, Hegazy MI, Elmazny A, Ahmed S, Shaheen S, Othman AS, Yacoub O, Kishk NA. Reliability and validity of Arabic version of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis: Egyptian dialect. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Given the diversity of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms including cognitive impairment in certain domains, the need to develop a rapid and at the same time thorough tool for cognitive assessment is mandatory and represents an unmet need in the clinical and research fields of MS. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is a good and practical tool to achieve this mission but is not present in the Arabic language for Arabic speaking countries yet.
Objectives
To assess the reliability and validity of Arabic version of the BICAMS (Egyptian dialect).
Methods
Ninety Egyptian MS patients and 85 matched healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing using the BICAMS Arabic version (Egyptian dialect) battery including the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test 2nd edition (CVLT-II), and revised Brief Visuospatial Retention Test- (BVRT-R). Test–retest data were obtained from MS patients 2 weeks after the initial assessment. Mean differences between both groups were assessed controlling for age, gender, and educational level.
Results
The MS patients scored significantly lower on the SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R tests compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). For MS patients’ group, intra-observer (test–retest) reliability was satisfactory for SDMT, CVLT-II total, and BVRT-R total with r values of 0.85, 0.61, and 0.68, respectively.
Conclusion
BICAMS Arabic version is a reliable and valid tool for cognitive assessment of Arabic speaking MS patients in different clinical and research settings.
Collapse
|
27
|
Motyl J, Friedova L, Vaneckova M, Krasensky J, Lorincz B, Blahova Dusankova J, Andelova M, Fuchs TA, Kubala Havrdova E, Benedict RHB, Horakova D, Uher T. Isolated Cognitive Decline in Neurologically Stable Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030464. [PMID: 33800075 PMCID: PMC7999620 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cognitive deterioration is an important marker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). It is vital to detect cognitive decline as soon as possible. Cognitive deterioration can take the form of isolated cognitive decline (ICD) with no other clinical signs of disease progression present. (2) Methods: We investigated 1091 MS patients from the longitudinal GQ (Grant Quantitative) study, assessing their radiological, neurological, and neuropsychological data. Additionally, the confirmatory analysis was conducted. Clinical disease activity was defined as the presence of new relapse or disability worsening. MRI activity was defined as the presence of new or enlarged T2 lesions on brain MRI. (3) Results: Overall, 6.4% of patients experienced cognitive decline and 4.0% experienced ICD without corresponding clinical activity. The vast majority of cognitively worsening patients showed concomitant progression in other neurological and radiologic measures. There were no differences in disease severity between completely stable patients and cognitively worsening patients but with normal cognition at baseline. (4) Conclusions: Only a small proportion of MS patients experience ICD over short-term follow-up. Patients with severe MS are more prone to cognitive decline; however, patients with normal cognitive performance and mild MS might benefit from the early detection of cognitive decline the most.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Motyl
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Balazs Lorincz
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Jana Blahova Dusankova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Michaela Andelova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Tom A. Fuchs
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.A.F.); (R.H.B.B.)
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Ralph H. B. Benedict
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.A.F.); (R.H.B.B.)
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (L.F.); (B.L.); (J.B.D.); (M.A.); (E.K.H.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-966-515
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eilam-Stock T, Shaw MT, Krupp LB, Charvet LE. Early neuropsychological markers of cognitive involvement in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2021; 423:117349. [PMID: 33639421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment due to multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and often limits occupational functioning, contributes to disability, and reduces quality of life. Early detection of cognitive involvement in MS is critical for treatment planning and intervention, and frequent, regular cognitive monitoring may provide insight into subtle changes in disease progression. OBJECTIVE To compare the sensitivity and specificity of clinical, computer-based and experimental measures to early cognitive involvement in MS. METHODS Cognitive functioning was compared in MS participants early in the disease course to matched healthy controls using conventional, computer-based and functional assessments: the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS); the computer-based Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB); the Attention Network Test-Interaction (ANT-I), including intra-individual variability; and the Test of Everyday Cognitive Ability (TECA), a functional measure of instrumental activities of daily living. RESULTS MS participants (n = 25, mean disease duration= 5.82 ± 3.65 years) and demographically matched healthy controls (n = 29) completed the cognitive assessments. The Cogstate measure of choice reaction time (AUC = 0.73, p = .004), intra-individual variability on the ANT-I (AUC = 0.79, p = .001), and TECA (AUC = 0.78, p = .001) scores were the most sensitive and specific markers of cognitive involvement in MS. CONCLUSIONS Brief, repeatable, computer-based measures of reaction time and variability detect early MS associated cognitive involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tehila Eilam-Stock
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael T Shaw
- Departmernt of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Lauren B Krupp
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leigh E Charvet
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carvalho V, Soares C, Gomes I, Carvalho A, Serrazina F, Rodrigues SG, Pinheiro J, Marques IB, Correia F, Correia AS, de Sá J, Sousa L, Vale J, Sá MJ, Sousa C, Ferreira J. RISCOP-Cognitive profile in a Portuguese cohort of radiological isolated syndrome patients: A case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 50:102832. [PMID: 33596492 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) refers to the incidental discovery of white matter lesions suggestive of MS, on brain MRI, in asymptomatic patients. Recent studies suggest similar features of cognitive impairment between RIS and MS patients. Also, lower levels of health-related quality of life (QOL) and fatigue are reported in such patients. AIMS characterize and compare the cognitive profile of a multicentric Portuguese cohort of RIS patients with a control group. METHODS multicentric comparative study of a cohort of adult patients with RIS, and age and gender-matched controls followed in the headache outpatient clinic with prior MRI not fulfilling criteria for RIS diagnosis. We conducted interviews with participants, collected clinical data and applied the BICAMS battery and self-reported questionnaires (HADS, MFIS, MSQOL-54). RESULTS we evaluated 31 patients with RIS (median age 46 years, IQR [(Dusankova et al., 2012-52], 72% women) and 19 control individuals (median age 32 years, IQR [(O'Jile et al., 2005-48], 71% women). Prevalence of cognitive impairment did not differ between groups (16% of the RIS and 10% of the controls, p=0.579). We found no differences between groups on the BICAMS tests, although the results of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) score presented a trend to significance, with a lower value on the RIS group (53.9 vs. 59.3, p=0.066). There were no significant differences regarding fatigue, QOL, anxiety/depression scores. CONCLUSION this is the first study on a Portuguese cohort of RIS patients assessing cognitive profile with BICAMS. A non-neglectable part of our cohort presented cognitive impairment. Our findings add to previous studies in suggesting that a more pronounced impairment of verbal memory and learning, evaluated by CVLT-II, may be present in RIS patients compared to controls. BICAMS should be assessed on future studies with larger cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Carvalho
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Pedro Hispano/Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Soares
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Gomes
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Carvalho
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Filipa Serrazina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim Pinheiro
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Correia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Pedro Hispano/Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Correia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal; CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João de Sá
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lívia Sousa
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Vale
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Maria José Sá
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa
- Department of Psychology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ferreira
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maubeuge N, Deloire MSA, Brochet B, Ehrlé N, Charré-Morin J, Saubusse A, Ruet A. Validation of the French version of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS). Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102692. [PMID: 33352358 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS) is an internationally recognised battery of neuropsychological tests for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES To establish regression-based norms for the MACFIMS in French-speaking healthy subjects (HS) and validate its use in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). METHODS 136 PwMS, including 43 with relapsing-remitting MS, 46 with secondary progressive MS and 45 with primary progressive MS, as well as 276 HS were enrolled. Regression-based norms and validity were established for the seven tests of the MACIMS: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), the French learning test (FLT) a French-adapted memory test (or the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) at re-testing), the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLO), the 'épreuve de classement de cartes de Champagne' (ECCC), a French adaptation of the DKEF-sorting test, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT-R) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). RESULTS Regression-based norms of MACFIMS tests were established in the HS population. The MACFIMS battery was able to identify cognitive impairment (CI) (at least two abnormal tests in different domains) in 32.7% of PwMS. The domains with more frequent impairment were (in descending order): learning followed by IPS, delayed memory, verbal fluency and working memory. CONCLUSION This study established the regression-based norms for French subjects of the French adaptation of the MACFIMS and its validity in PwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Brochet
- CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | | | - Aurélie Ruet
- CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Skorve E, Lundervold AJ, Torkildsen Ø, Myhr KM. A two-year longitudinal follow-up of cognitive performance assessed by BICAMS in newly diagnosed patients with MS. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102577. [PMID: 33296975 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and may occur at any stage and with any subtype of the disease. Screening and monitoring of cognitive function should therefore be implemented into everyday clinical neurology practice. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) was developed for this purpose. Although several cross-sectional studies have validated BICAMS, longitudinal studies evaluating its use as part of a clinical follow-up routine are still lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate cognitive function and trajectories of change assessed by the BICAMS test battery in a cohort of newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients examined at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. METHODS BICAMS was used to assess cognitive function in 58 RRMS patients, who also filled in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), and underwent standard neurological evaluations at baseline and at the two follow-ups. RESULTS A total of 27 patients (46.6%) were defined as cognitively impaired at baseline on at least one test, and 22 (37.9%) were defined as impaired at follow-up after 24 months. Throughout the study, 8 (13.8%) and 4 (6.9%) patients were consistently defined as impaired on two or three tests, respectively. The mean raw scores on two BICAMS subtests (SDMT and CVLT-II) improved significantly from baseline to the first follow-up, and then remained stable the next year, whereas the visual memory test (BVMT-R) were overall unchanged from baseline to the end of the study. The correlations between the scores on HADS, FSMC and the BICAMS subtests were non-significant at baseline, but weak to moderate negative correlations were found at the one- and two-year follow-ups. CONCLUSION The patients showed improved test results from baseline to the first follow-up examination, indicating that an effect of previous practise should be taken into account when interpreting the results. With results showing both trajectories of stability and change, our study supported the validity of including BICAMS as part of a clinical follow-up routine of RRMS patients. Anxiety, depression, fatigue and cognition should always be assessed at the same time to reveal interaction effects that are expected to affect the daily-life functioning of at least some of the RRMS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Skorve
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tremblay A, Charest K, Brando E, Roger E, Duquette P, Rouleau I. The effects of aging and disease duration on cognition in multiple sclerosis. Brain Cogn 2020; 146:105650. [PMID: 33212390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system that can interfere with cognitive functions. The purpose of this study is to document the impact of MS, aging and disease duration on cognitive functioning as both life expectancy and incidence of the disease among persons with MS (PwMS) aged 50 years and over (late-onset MS) are increasing in the last two decades. METHODS Exhaustive neuropsychological evaluation was performed in 84 PwMS (30 young, 30 elderly adult-onset, 25 elderly late-onset) and 50 control participants (25 young, 24 elderly). ANCOVAs and hierarchical linear regressions were used to meet the objectives. RESULTS Interaction effects were found between age and presence of MS on higher executive function and information processing speed/working memory. After controlling for confounding variables (fatigue, quality of life, depression, MS course, comorbidity), results demonstrated an important role of age on all cognitive functions but only a trend of disease duration on information processing speed/working memory. CONCLUSION Decline in higher executive functions and information processing speed/working memory in aging is accentuated by the presence of MS, but the impact of age and MS on memory are independent. Age appears to be the variable having the most important role on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Kim Charest
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Estefania Brando
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Elaine Roger
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 3H8, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 3H8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 3H8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
CogniSoft: A Platform for the Automation of Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Multiple Sclerosis. COMPUTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/computers9040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive disorders remain a major cause of disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). They lead to unemployment, the need for daily assistance, and a poor quality of life. The understanding of the origin, factors, processes, and consequences of cognitive disfunction is key to its prevention, early diagnosis, and rehabilitation. The neuropsychological testing and continuous monitoring of cognitive status as part of the overall evaluation of patients with MS in parallel with clinical and paraclinical examinations are highly recommended. In order to improve health and disease understanding, a close linkage between fundamental, clinical, epidemiological, and socio-economic research is required. The effective sharing of data, standardized data processing, and the linkage of such data with large-scale cohort studies is a prerequisite for the translation of research findings into the clinical setting. In this context, this paper proposes a software platform for the cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of patients with MS called CogniSoft. The platform automates the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) test and diagnostic tests for the evaluation of memory and executive functions based on the nature of Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), as well as implementing a set of games for cognitive rehabilitation based on BICAMS. The software architecture, core modules, and technologies used for their implementation are presented. Special attention is given to the development of cognitive tests for diagnostics and rehabilitation. Their automation enables better perception, avoids bias as a result of conducting the classic paper tests of various neurophysiologists, provides easy administration, and allows data collection in a uniform manner, which further enables analysis using statistical and machine learning algorithms. The CogniSoft platform is registered as medical software by the Bulgarian Drug Agency and it is currently deployed in the Neurological Clinic of the National Hospital of Cardiology in Sofia, Bulgaria. The first experiments prove the feasibility of the platform, showing that it saves time and financial resources while providing subjectivity in the interpretation of the cognitive test results.
Collapse
|
34
|
van Oirschot P, Heerings M, Wendrich K, den Teuling B, Martens MB, Jongen PJ. Symbol Digit Modalities Test Variant in a Smartphone App for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18160. [PMID: 33016886 PMCID: PMC7573704 DOI: 10.2196/18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The decline of cognitive processing speed (CPS) is a common dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is widely used to formally quantify CPS. We implemented a variant of the SDMT in MS sherpa, a smartphone app for persons with MS. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the MS sherpa smartphone variant of the SDMT (sSDMT). Methods We performed a validation study with 25 persons with relapsing-remitting MS and 79 healthy control (HC) subjects. In the HC group, 21 subjects were matched to the persons with MS with regard to age, gender, and education and they followed the same assessment schedule as the persons with MS (the “HC matched” group) and 58 subjects had a less intense assessment schedule to determine reference values (the “HC normative” group). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined between the paper-and-pencil SDMT and its smartphone variant (sSDMT) on 2 occasions, 4 weeks apart. Other ICCs were determined for test-retest reliability, which were derived from 10 smartphone tests per study participant, with 3 days in between each test. Seven study participants with MS were interviewed regarding their experiences with the sSDMT. Results The SDMT scores were on average 12.06% higher than the sSDMT scores, with a standard deviation of 10.68%. An ICC of 0.838 was found for the construct validity of the sSDMT in the combined analysis of persons with MS and HC subjects. Average ICCs for test-retest reliability of the sSDMT for persons with MS, the HC matched group, and the HC normative group were 0.874, 0.857, and 0.867, respectively. The practice effect was significant between the first and the second test of the persons with MS and the HC matched group and trivial for all other test-retests. The interviewed study participants expressed a positive attitude toward the sSDMT, but they also discussed the importance of adapting a smartphone cognition test in accordance with the needs of the individual persons with MS. Conclusions The high correlation between sSDMT and the conventional SDMT scores indicates a very good construct validity. Similarly, high correlations underpin a very good test-retest reliability of the sSDMT. We conclude that the sSDMT has the potential to be used as a tool to monitor CPS in persons with MS, both in clinical studies and in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Heerings
- Dutch National MS Foundation, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karine Wendrich
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Science in Society, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marijn B Martens
- Drug Target ID, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,NeuroDrug Research BV, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Jongen
- Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,MS4 Research Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yigit P, Acikgoz A, Mehdiyev Z, Dayi A, Ozakbas S. The relationship between cognition, depression, fatigue, and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:1129-1136. [PMID: 33006048 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, and neurodegenerative central nervous system disorder. MS usually causes disability, cognitive deficiency, fatigue, and depression symptoms. OBJECTIVES To assess cognitive functions of people with MS (pwMS) and investigate the impact of depression, fatigue, and disability on cognitive functions. METHODS We administered the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) battery to assess 200 pwMS. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to evaluate disability levels. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used, respectively, for fatigue and depression levels. RESULTS EDSS and FSS scores were significantly higher in those with a disease duration of 5 years or more. Those with the EDSS ≥ 4 were found to have lower BICAMS performances and higher FSS scores. There was a significant difference in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performances between the groups with and without fatigue (FSS ≥ 4 and FSS < 4, respectively). When depression and fatigue symptoms concur or in the existence of just one of them or none of them, significant differences in terms of SDMT performances have been shown. CONCLUSION The level of disability and fatigue adversely affects the cognitive functions of pwMS; depression has no significant effect. BICAMS that is specific for MS can be beneficial to assess the cognitive state of pwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Yigit
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ayla Acikgoz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zaur Mehdiyev
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Dayi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ozakbas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The weak association between neurofilament levels at multiple sclerosis onset and cognitive performance after 9 years. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102534. [PMID: 33032055 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofilament light chain level in serum (sNfL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-NfL) is a promising biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, predictive value of neurofilaments for development of cognitive decline over long-term follow-up has not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between early neurofilament levels and cognitive performance after 9-years. METHODS We included 58 MS patients from the SET study. sNfL levels were measured at screening, at 1 and 2 years. CSF-NfL were measured in 36 patients at screening. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 s at baseline, at 1, 2 and 9 years. Association between neurofilament levels and cognition was analyzed using Spearman´s correlation, logistic regression and mixed models. RESULTS We did not observe associations among early sNfL levels and cross-sectional or longitudinal cognitive measures, except of a trend for association between higher sNfL levels at screening and lower California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) scores at year 1 (rho=-0.31, unadjusted p = 0.028). Higher sNfL level was not associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, except of a trend for greater risk of CVLT-II decrease in patients with higher sNfL levels at 1 year (OR=15.8; 95% CI=1.7-147.0; unadjusted p = 0.015). Similar trends were observed for CSF-NfL. CONCLUSION We found only weak association between sNfL levels at disease onset and evolution of cognitive performance over long-term follow-up.
Collapse
|
37
|
Aktas O, Renner A, Huss A, Filser M, Baetge S, Stute N, Gasis M, Lepka K, Goebels N, Senel M, Graf J, Enzinger C, Pinter D, Antoch G, Turowski B, Hartung HP, Albrecht P, Otto M, Tumani H, Penner IK. Serum neurofilament light chain: No clear relation to cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in stable MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/6/e885. [PMID: 32972970 PMCID: PMC7673283 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) indicative of neuroaxonal damage may improve precise disease profiling with regard to cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms, we analyzed potential associations of sNfL levels with cognitive test scores, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. METHODS Patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) underwent an elaborated assessment including MRI, various cognitive tests, and patient-reported outcomes. We determined sNfL levels by single molecule array (Simoa) assay. Relationships between sNfL, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and demographical data were analyzed using correlations, group comparisons, and regressions. RESULTS In 45 clinically stable patients with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 2.73 ± 1.12, disease duration = 10.03 ± 7.49 years), 40.0% were cognitively impaired. Mean sNfL levels were 16.02 ± 10.39 pg/mL, with higher levels in the SPMS subgroup (p = 0.038). sNfL levels did reliably link neither with the investigated cognitive and affective parameters nor with fatigue levels. The only relationship found in a small subgroup of patients with SPMS (n = 7) with visuospatial learning (r = -0.950, p = 0.001) and memory (r = -0.813; p = 0.026) disappeared when further controlling for age, educational level, and sex. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable MS at less advanced disease stages, sNfL did not convincingly relate to cognitive performance, fatigue, depression, or anxiety and thus may not serve as a surrogate biomarker for neuropsychological status in such populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Aktas
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Alina Renner
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - André Huss
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Melanie Filser
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Sharon Baetge
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Nathalie Stute
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Marcia Gasis
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Klaudia Lepka
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Norbert Goebels
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Makbule Senel
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Jonas Graf
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Christian Enzinger
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Daniela Pinter
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Gerald Antoch
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Iris-Katharina Penner
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alboudi A, Hadid A, Ali AR, Alshaikh F, Aqleh H. Normative values of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in an Arab population: Corrected for age, sex and education. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44:102305. [PMID: 32570183 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with 43-70% of patients being affected. The international cognitive assessment for MS BICAMS is a new battery for cognitive assessment in MS patients. It was suggested in 2012 that international validation efforts be undertaken. Objective To utilize regression to provide normative values for the BICAMS while correcting for age, gender and education, as well as assess test-retest reliability, in an Arab population. Methods Healthy subjects were recruited from different areas in Dubai. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multiple linear regression. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Two hundred eighty-one healthy subjects were enrolled (174 women, mean age 30±10.3 years, mean education 17.8±3.7 years). Test re-test results showed significant correlation between baseline and retest scores. Regression-based equations were derived for the BICAMS. Conclusion This large-scale validation study provides evidence to support the facilitation of international implementation of the BICAMS assessment by focusing on the Arab population. Next steps include validation efforts in an Arab MS patient population to further support the use of the BICAMS in day to day practice and for longitudinal patient assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alboudi
- Mercy Health Saint Mary, Grand Rapids, Michgan, US; Rashid hospital, Dubai, UAE.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Maltby VE, Lea RA, Ribbons K, Lea MG, Schofield PW, Lechner-Scott J. Comparison of BICAMS and ARCS for assessment of cognition in multiple sclerosis and predictive value of employment status. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 41:102037. [PMID: 32200339 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but not adequately monitored by Expanded Disability Status Scale assessment. The Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) are easy-to-use tools to assess cognitive function in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To compare the sensitivity of ARCS to BICAMS and their relative predictive value for employment status. METHODS MS patients and healthy controls were assessed using the ARCS and the BICAMS consecutively. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to compare the two tests. A step-wise, logistic regression analysis was used to identify the cognitive test(s) that best predicted employment status and quality of life. RESULTS Total ARCS, memory and attention domain scores were moderately correlated with all BICAMS tests (r = 0.3-0.5; P ≤ 0.05). Total ARCS predicts cognitive impairment with good sensitivity and specificity relative to the BICAMS tests (AUC = 0.8; P = 0.00045). Total ARCS detects higher levels of impairment than BICAMS in MS patients (44% versus 21%). The memory domain of the ARCS and the BVMT-R were the best predictors of employment status (OR = 1.12 and 1.14, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION BICAMS and ARCS have comparable sensitivity for cognitive impairment in MS. Memory assessment from either tests is the best predictor of employment status; however, the BICAMS is a better predictor of work productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki E Maltby
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Karen Ribbons
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Marino G Lea
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Beier M, Alschuler K, Amtmann D, Hughes A, Madathil R, Ehde D. iCAMS: Assessing the Reliability of a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) Tablet Application. Int J MS Care 2020; 22:67-74. [PMID: 32410901 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2018-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to develop a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) tablet application, "iCAMS," and examine equivalency between the original paper-based and the tablet-based assessments. Methods This study enrolled 100 participants with physician-confirmed multiple sclerosis (MS). Interrater reliability, parallel forms reliability, and concurrent validity were evaluated by incorporating two test administrators in each session: one scoring participant responses with the original paper assessments and the other with iCAMS. Although the participant was exposed to the material only once, responses were recorded on both administration methods. In addition to the standard test procedures, each research assistant used a stopwatch to measure the amount of time required to administer and score each version of BICAMS. Results Pearson correlation coefficients (r) revealed strong and significant correlations for all three tests. Excellent agreement was observed between iCAMS and paper versions of the BICAMS tests, with all intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.93. The scores from all the cognitive tests were not statistically significantly different, indicating no proportional bias. Including scoring, administration of the iCAMS application saved approximately 10 minutes over the paper version. Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that the tablet application iCAMS is a reliable and fast method for administering BICAMS.
Collapse
|
41
|
Renner A, Baetge SJ, Filser M, Ullrich S, Lassek C, Penner I. Characterizing cognitive deficits and potential predictors in multiple sclerosis: A large nationwide study applying Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis in standard clinical care. J Neuropsychol 2020; 14:347-369. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Renner
- Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sharon J. Baetge
- Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Melanie Filser
- Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Iris‐Katharina Penner
- Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research Düsseldorf Germany
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich‐Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Grossi P, Portaccio E, Bellomi F, Bianchi V, Cilia S, Falautano M, Goretti B, Pietrolongo E, Viterbo RG, Messmer Uccelli M. The minimal neuropsychological assessment of MS patients (MACFIMS): normative data of the Italian population. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1489-1496. [PMID: 31953702 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and research has emphasized the crucial role of cognitive assessment in disease monitoring. The minimal neuropsychological assessment of MS (MACFIMS) represents one of the neuropsychological batteries most widely used throughout the world. To date, a complete validation, as well as normative values of an alternative form, is lacking in the Italian population, limiting the use of this tool in longitudinal assessment. A total of 200 healthy subjects (127 females and 73 males) were recruited from the community in 8 Italian cities and were evaluated with the MACFIMS at baseline and reassessed with an alternate form of the same battery after 12 months. Regression-based norms that account for demographic influences on test performance were calculated at each time point (baseline and follow-up). The study provides, for the first time, normative values of two forms of the MACFIMS battery for the Italian population. Data application allows clinicians to monitor the performance of cognitive functions over time and to better understand the efficacy of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in clinical practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio Portaccio
- SOC Neurologia, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, AUSL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellomi
- Neuropsychology Unit, ASST, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Benedetta Goretti
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erika Pietrolongo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Gemma Viterbo
- MS Centre, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Walker LAS, Gardner C, Freedman MS, MacLean H, Rush C, Bowman M. Research-to-Practice Gaps in Multiple Sclerosis Care for Patients with Subjective Cognitive, Mental Health, and Psychosocial Concerns in a Canadian Center. Int J MS Care 2020; 21:243-248. [PMID: 31889928 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2017-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk for cognitive impairment, mental health concerns, and psychosocial issues, which can negatively affect disease outcomes and quality of life. Current MS care guidelines recommend integrated interdisciplinary services to address these concerns; however, issues can be overlooked during routine care. To date, there is inadequate research on how often these issues are identified and addressed during routine MS care. Methods One hundred medical records were randomly selected and reviewed (55 relapsing-remitting MS, 17 secondary progressive MS, 8 primary progressive MS, and 20 other or subtype not indicated). All visits to, and contacts with (ie, telephone, e-mail), an MS clinic over 1 year were included in the analysis to determine the proportion of patients presenting with cognitive, mental health, and psychosocial concerns and the proportion of patients offered associated services. Results Of the 25 patients with at least one identified concern, treatment recommendations occurred for 13 (52%). Rates of identification of cognitive, mental health, and psychosocial concerns in standard clinical practice were significantly lower than the identified prevalence in epidemiologic studies. Demographic factors had no bearing on who was offered treatment. Patients with concerns access MS clinic services more often than those without. Conclusions Discrepancies between reported and expected frequencies may be due to overreliance on patient self-disclosure and concerns by the health care team that inadequate resources are available to address issues. An interdisciplinary team model may help address these issues.
Collapse
|
44
|
Can semantic fluency be used as an alternative or additional measure in the abbreviated Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (aMACFIMS)? J Neurol Sci 2019; 410:116640. [PMID: 31884353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abbreviated Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (aMACFIMS) was designed using four shortened measures from the MACFIMS. Semantic fluency was suggested as an alternative task; however, its equivalency as part of this battery has yet to be examined. OBJECTIVES 1) To determine the optimal semantic fluency raw score cut-offs; 2) compare the modified aMACFIMS (with semantic fluency) to the standard aMACFIMS (with phonemic fluency); and 3) compare the expanded aMACFIMS (with both verbal fluency measures) to the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS). METHODS Receiver-operating-characteristic curves were used to identify the optimal cut-off at -1.5 and - 2.0 standard deviation (SD) impairment criteria (n = 335). The diagnostic accuracies were compared between the different versions of the aMACFIMS and BICAMS (n = 146). RESULTS The raw score cut-offs for semantic fluency (13 and 11 words) had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.6% - 98.6%). The modified aMACFIMS did not significantly differ from the standard aMACFIMS. The expanded aMACFIMS had stronger specificity (84.8%) and positive predictive value (85.9%) than the BICAMS. CONCLUSIONS Semantic fluency can be used as an alternative, though including both measures results in the most effective aMACFIMS version. Using semantic fluency may be especially valuable when evaluating older PwMS.
Collapse
|
45
|
Biernacki T, Sandi D, Kincses ZT, Füvesi J, Rózsa C, Mátyás K, Vécsei L, Bencsik K. Contributing factors to health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01466. [PMID: 31709732 PMCID: PMC6908891 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lower in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) compared to the healthy population, psychological symptoms accompanying multiple sclerosis (MS) have a serious impact on the HRQoL of PwMS. Data regarding the subject, however, remain conflicting. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the patients' sociodemographic attributes, education, fatigue, depression, and cognitive impairment level of impact on the HRQoL for the whole cohort as well as comparing the sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and twenty-two relapse-remitting MS patients filled out the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), MS Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54) questionnaires, cognitive impairment were identified using Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) test. The patients' data were acquired from our clinic's MS registry or from patients' files. RESULTS Depression and fatigue were found to have the most ubiquitous and robust effect on the overall and any given subdivision of the HRQoL composite. Other factors had a slight effect on some of the subscales when the whole cohort was evaluated. When the genders were compared, differences were found on 10 domains. CONCLUSION Psychopathological symptoms have a more powerful influence on the HRQoL of MS patients than physical impairment, also these symptoms influence men's and women's HRQoL with different power. This invokes the need for complex and personalized care in the treatment of PwMS. Ours is the first study to show a difference between the sexes in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Rózsa
- Jahn Ferenc Dél-Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA - SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baetge SJ, Filser M, Renner A, Ullrich S, Lassek C, Penner IK. On the validity of single tests, two-test combinations and the full Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in detecting patients with cognitive impairment. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1919-1928. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458519887897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The international standard to screen for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS). However, with an application time of approximately 20 minutes, the battery might be too time consuming from a pragmatic perspective of a routine examination. Objectives: To examine the relative sensitivity and specificity of a BICAMS short version and its validity compared to the total battery. Methods: The German BICAMS version was applied comprising the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; German VLMT). Single tests and two-test combinations were compared regarding conformity with the total battery. Results: Examining 1320 MS patients, the two-test combination of SDMT-BVMT-R was the most sensitive (92.7%) to impairment and showed the strongest agreement with the total battery (κ = 0.95). Performing binary logistic regression analyses, this combination was also validated by its association with employment status. Conclusion: Application of the total BICAMS battery should be the goal to strive for. However, in time-restricted clinical settings, the combined application of SDMT and BVMT-R is a recommendable alternative with an application time of 10 minutes, while single tests alone are not sufficiently sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Jean Baetge
- COGITO Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Filser
- COGITO Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina Renner
- COGITO Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Iris-Katharina Penner
- COGITO Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research, Düsseldorf, Germany/Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Norwegian translation of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS). Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 36:101408. [PMID: 31610403 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a common symptom in all stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet it is underreported and not routinely evaluated. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) is a short and easily administered test battery for screening of cognitive impairment in MS that can be completed within 15 min and incorporated into routine clinical practice. The test battery consists of the oral version of the Symbols Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the initial learning trials of the California Verbal Learning Test 2nd edition (CVLT-II) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised (BVMT-R). OBJECTIVE To investigate if the Norwegian version of the BICAMS could identify cognitive impairment in early stages of MS and be used as part of routine follow-up procedures. METHODS A total of 65 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 68 healthy controls were examined with the BICAMS test battery. A randomly selected subset of 29 controls were retested 1-4 weeks after baseline. All participants were screened for anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the patients with MS and the healthy controls on all three subtests, and the differences remained significant for the CVLT-II (p = 0.003) and BVMT-R (p = 0.011) after adjusting for education. There were no statistically significant correlations between BICAMS scores and anxiety and depression. SDMT and BVMT-R results in the control group at baseline and re-test were strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.70, p < 0.001), and CVLT-II achieved an adequate value of r = 0.60 (p = 0.001). On the SDMT, there was a statistically significant improvement between the two test-sessions. Cognitive impairment, defined as an abnormal test score on ≥1 subtest, was identified in 46.2% of the patient sample, whereas 15.4% were considered cognitively impaired on ≥2 subtests. CONCLUSION This study supports that the Norwegian version of the BICAMS should be included as a screening procedure for cognitive impairment in Norwegian MS patients.
Collapse
|
48
|
Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal study. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:2555-2564. [PMID: 31321625 PMCID: PMC6848242 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Cognitive functioning has been linked to employment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are however lacking and previous studies did not extensively examine executive functioning. Objectives We examined whether baseline cognitive functioning predicts a change in employment status after 2 years, while taking into account mood, fatigue and disability level. Methods A total of 124 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (pwMS) and 60 healthy controls were included. They underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations and completed online questionnaires. PwMS were divided into a stable and deteriorated employment status group (SES and DES), based on employment status 2 years after baseline. We first examined baseline differences between the SES and DES groups in cognitive functioning, mood, fatigue and disability level. A logistic regression analysis was performed, with change in employment status (SES/DES) as dependent variable. Results The DES group included 22% pwMS. Group differences were found in complex attention, executive functioning, self-reported cognitive functioning, fatigue and physical disability. More physical disability (OR = 1.90, p = 0.01) and lower executive functioning (OR = 0.30, p = 0.03) were retained as independent predictors of DES (R2 = 0.22, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Baseline physical disability and executive functioning, but none of the other variables, moderately predicted a deterioration in employment status 2 years later. Trial registration This observational study is registered under NL43098.008.12: ‘Voorspellers van arbeidsparticipatie bij mensen met relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerose’. This study is registered at the Dutch CCMO register (https://www.toetsingonline.nl). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
49
|
Validity and Reliability of Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in Indonesia and the Correlation with Quality of Life. Neurol Res Int 2019; 2019:4290352. [PMID: 31263596 PMCID: PMC6556319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4290352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can affect cognitive function that might interfere with quality of life. Processing speed and memory are the most common area of cognitive impairment. Cognitive evaluation in daily practice is often difficult to be performed since it needs neuropsychological expert and is time-consuming. Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) is valid and practical for cognitive evaluation. This study aims to validate BICAMS in Indonesian MS patients and healthy controls (HC) and to analyse the effect of cognitive impairment on quality of life. Methods BICAMS, which composes Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Indonesian from the original BICAMS and then administered to 40 Indonesian MS patients and 66 HC matched by sex, age, and education. Test-retest reliability was performed on 16-MS patients and 42 HC. Quality of life was measured using Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL-54) instrument. Results The SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R score in MS patients were significantly lower than those in HC (effect size, r: 0.61, 0.36, and 0.47, respectively). Test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory with correlation coefficient for SDMT, CVLT-II, and BVMT-R in MS subjects 0.86, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. Using 5th percentile of HC score as cut-off, 15% MS subjects had impairment in one test, 27.5% in two tests, and 40% in three tests. BICAMS was moderately correlated with EDSS but was not correlated with disease duration and relapse rate. SDMT score correlated with physical function and physical and mental role limitation. Conclusion BICAMS is valid and reliable for assessing cognitive function of Indonesia MS patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Friedova L, Rusz J, Motyl J, Srpova B, Vodehnalova K, Andelova M, Novotna K, Novotny M, Ruzickova H, Tykalova T, Kubala Havrdova E, Horakova D, Uher T. Slowed articulation rate is associated with information processing speed decline in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 65:28-33. [PMID: 31072740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of cognition and speech are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but their relationship is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between articulation rate characteristics and processing speed and to investigate the potential role of objective speech analysis for the detection of cognitive decline in MS. METHODS A total of 122 patients with clinically definite MS were included in this cross-sectional pilot study. Patients underwent three speaking tasks (oral diadochokinesis, reading text and monologue) and assessment of processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT], Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 s [PASAT-3]). Association between articulation rate and cognition was analyzed using linear regression analysis. We estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) to evaluate the predictive accuracy of articulation rate measures for the detection of abnormal processing speed. RESULTS We observed an association between articulation rate and cognitive measures (rho = 0.45-0.58; p < 0.001). Faster reading speed by one word per second was associated with an 18.7 point (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9-22.5) increase of the SDMT score and 14.7 (95% CI 8.9-20.4) point increase of PASAT-3 score (both p < 0.001). AUC values of articulation rate characteristics for the identification of processing speed impairment ranged between 0.67 and 0.79. Using a cutoff of 3.10 in reading speed, we were able to identify impairment in both the SDMT and PASAT-3 with 91% sensitivity and 54% specificity. CONCLUSION Slowed articulation rate is strongly associated with processing speed decline. Objective quantitative speech analysis identified patients with abnormal cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Motyl
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Srpova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Vodehnalova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Andelova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Novotna
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Novotny
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Ruzickova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Tykalova
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|