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Shirley K, O’Neil M, Boyd S, Loftis JM. Differences in rates of impairment in adults who use methamphetamine using two sets of demographically corrected norms. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36668907 PMCID: PMC10356906 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2164197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychologists can expect to meet with increasing rates of patients who use methamphetamine (MA), as MA use is on the rise, often comorbid with other substance use disorders, and frequently accompanied by changes in cognitive functioning. To detect impairment, neuropsychologists must apply the appropriate normative data according to important demographic factors such as age, sex, and education. This study involved 241 adults with and without MA dependence who were administered the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. Given the high rates of polysubstance use among adults who use MA, we included adults with mono-dependence and poly-dependence on MA and at least one other substance. We compared the rates of adults with and without previous MA dependence classified as impaired on neurocognitive testing when using norms corrected for age, education, and sex versus norms corrected only for age. Norms corrected for age, education, and sex resulted in less frequent identification of impairment compared to norms corrected only for age, but both sets of norms appeared sufficient and similar enough to warrant their use with this population. It may be appropriate to explore the possible implications of discrepancies between education-corrected and non-education corrected sets of scores when assessing impairment in individuals who use MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Shirley
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maya O’Neil
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephen Boyd
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Georgiou E(EZ, Prapiadou S, Thomopoulos V, Skondra M, Charalampopoulou M, Pachi A, Anagnostopoulou Α, Vorvolakos T, Perneczky R, Politis A, Alexopoulos P. Naming ability assessment in neurocognitive disorders: a clinician's perspective. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:837. [PMID: 36585667 PMCID: PMC9801565 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting impaired naming capacity is valuable in diagnosing neurocognitive disorders (ND). A. clinical practice- oriented overview of naming tests validated in ND is not available yet. Here, features of naming tests with validated utility in ND which are open access or available for purchase are succinctly presented and compared. METHODS Searches were carried out across Pubmed, Medline and Google Scholar. Additional studies were identified by searching reference lists. Only peer-reviewed journal articles were eligible. A narrative- and tabullar synthesis was used to summarize different aspects of the naming assessment instruments used in patients with ND such as stimuli type, administration time, assessment parameters and accessibility. Based on computational word frequency calculations, the tests were compared in terms of the average frequency of their linguistic content. RESULTS Twelve naming tests, relying either on visual or auditory stimuli have been validated in ND. Their content and administration time vary between three and 60 items and one and 20 minutes, respectively. The average frequency of the words of each considered test was two or lower, pointing to low frequency of most items. In all but one test, scoring systems are exclusively based on correctly named items. Seven instruments are open access and four are available in more than one language. CONCLUSIONS Gaining insights into naming tests' characteristics may catalyze the wide incorporation of those with short administration time but high diagnostic accuracy into the diagnostic workup of ND at primary healthcare and of extensive, visual or auditory ones into the diagnostic endeavors of memory clinics, as well as of secondary and tertiary brain healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza ( Eleni-Zacharoula) Georgiou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Savvina Prapiadou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Thomopoulos
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Large-Scale Machine Learning & Cloud Data Engineering Laboratory (ML@Cloud-Lab), Faculty of Computer Engineering & Informatics, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Skondra
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Charalampopoulou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Asimina Pachi
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Αlexandra Anagnostopoulou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece ,General Hospital of Zakynthos “Saint Dionysios”, Zakynthos, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vorvolakos
- grid.12284.3d0000 0001 2170 8022Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Robert Perneczky
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Mental Health in Older Adults and Alzheimer Therapy and Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Antonios Politis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, USA
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. .,Global Brain Health Institute, Medical School, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Patras Dementia Day Care Center, Corporation for Succor and Care of Elderly and Disabled - FRODIZO, Patras, Greece.
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Stiver J, Staffaroni AM, Walters SM, You MY, Casaletto KB, Erlhoff SJ, Possin KL, Lukic S, La Joie R, Rabinovici GD, Zimmerman ME, Gorno-Tempini ML, Kramer JH. The Rapid Naming Test: Development and initial validation in typically aging adults. Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 36:1822-1843. [PMID: 33771087 PMCID: PMC8464629 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1900399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveProgressive word-finding difficulty is a primary cognitive complaint among healthy older adults and a symptom of pathological aging. Classic measures of visual confrontation naming, however, show ceiling effects among healthy older adults. To address the need for a naming test that is sensitive to subtle, age-related word-finding decline, we developed the Rapid Naming Test (RNT), a computerized, one-minute, speeded visual naming test.MethodFunctionally intact older (n = 145) and younger (n = 69) adults completed the RNT. Subsets of older adults also completed neuropsychological tests, a self-report scale of functional decline, amyloid-β PET imaging, and repeat RNT administration to determine test-retest reliability.ResultsRNT scores were normally distributed and exhibited good test-retest reliability. Younger adults performed better than older adults. Within older adults, lower scores were associated with older age. Higher scores correlated with measures of language, processing speed, and episodic learning and memory. Scores were not correlated with visuospatial or working memory tests. Worse performance was related to subjective language decline, even after controlling for a classic naming test and speed. The RNT was also negatively associated with amyloid-β burden.ConclusionsThe RNT appears to be a reliable test that is sensitive to subtle, age-related word-finding decline. Convergent and divergent validity are supported by its specific associations with measures relying on visual naming processes. Ecological validity is supported by its relationship with subjective real-world language difficulties. Lastly, worse performance was related to amyloid-β deposition, an Alzheimer's disease biomarker. This study represents a key step toward validating a novel, sensitive naming test in typically aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Stiver
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Adam M. Staffaroni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samantha M. Walters
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Y. You
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Erlhoff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L. Possin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sladjana Lukic
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
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Gaudet CE, Konin J, Faust D. Immediate Post-concussion and Cognitive Testing: Ceiling Effects, Reliability, and Implications for Interpretation. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:561-569. [PMID: 32978632 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most commonly used computerized neurocognitive test in concussion assessment and management, Immediate Post-concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), has demonstrated varying and sometimes concerning levels of test-retest reliability. This study aimed to further examine ImPACT's psychometric qualities and whether ceiling effects may suppress its reliability. METHOD A total of 300 consecutively selected ImPACT score reports for students attending a secondary school between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Test-retest reliabilities for composite scores and subscales were computed using Pearson product moment correlations (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients. To examine the potential influence of ceiling effects, we conducted frequency analyses of scores falling at, or near, the maximum possible score. RESULTS A total of 92 score reports met inclusion criteria. Test-retest reliabilities ranged from 0.42 to 0.69 for composite scores and 0.19 to 0.71 for subscales. Subscales comprising the Verbal and Visual Memory composites evidenced the most prominent ceiling effects. CONCLUSIONS Obtained test-retest reliabilities were consistent with a large segment of the literature and add to concerns about ImPACT's reliability. Furthermore, at least in a select sample, this study identified sizeable ceiling effects that likely diminish the reliability of some composite scores. To mitigate the risk of false-negative errors on post-injury testing, ImPACT users should be cognizant of such ceiling effects. Supplemental, or alternative, approaches to protect against underestimating baseline functioning also warrant consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Gaudet
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jeff Konin
- Department of Athletic Training, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Faust
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Abstract
This study compared prorated Boston Naming Test (BNT-P; omitting the noose item) and standard administration (BNT-S) scores in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients ( N = 480). The sample was 34% female and 91% White with average age and education of 46 ( SD = 15) and 14 ( SD = 3) years, respectively. BNT-P was calculated by summing correct responses excluding item 48 and estimating the 60-item score with cross multiplication and division. BNT-P and BNT-S scores were compared via concordance correlation (CC) coefficients; reflected and log transformed data were examined with equivalence tests. BNT-P and BNT-S scores showed almost perfect agreement (CC = .99). Transformed scores demonstrated equivalence (±1.1 points). Raw and scaled score differences were 0 in 88% and 96% of cases, respectively. Race and ethnicity accounted for item 48 outcomes while controlling for age and education. Findings support the utility of prorated BNT scores in rehabilitation patients.
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Durant J, Berg JL, Banks SJ, Kaylegian J, Miller JB. Comparing the Boston Naming Test With the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery-Naming Subtest in a Neurodegenerative Disease Clinic Population. Assessment 2019; 28:1256-1266. [PMID: 31516023 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119872253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Boston Naming Test-Second edition (BNT-2) and the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery-Naming (NAB-N) subtest are two commonly used confrontation naming tests used to evaluate word-finding ability in individuals suspected of neurodegenerative disease. The BNT-2 and NAB-N are designed to measure the same construct; however, observations in practice suggest these two tests provide divergent estimates of naming ability. This study sought to systematically investigate the level of agreement between performance on the BNT-2 and NAB-N. Records from 105 consecutive referrals seen for neuropsychological evaluation as part of routine care in an outpatient memory disorders clinic were reviewed. Discrepancy scores, concordance correlation coefficients, and root mean squared differences were calculated between demographically adjusted T-scores on the BNT-2 and NAB-N. Results indicated that estimates of word finding ability generated by the BNT-2 and NAB-N have a strong linear relationship but systematically generate scores that are inconsistent. Despite similar task demands, the BNT-2 and NAB-N provide different information about naming ability and further research is needed to understand these differences and inform clinicians on interpreting the naming estimates provided by each test.
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Affiliation(s)
- January Durant
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jody-Lynn Berg
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jaeson Kaylegian
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Justin B Miller
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Messerly J, Marceaux JC. Examination of the reliability and validity of the NAB Naming Test in a diverse clinical sample. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:406-422. [PMID: 31282285 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1635647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The Boston Naming Test, Second Edition (BNT-2) and the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Naming Test are common measures to assess visual confrontation naming ability. The comparably newer NAB Naming Test is a potential alternative to the BNT-2, given the latter's history of criticism. A recent psychometric investigation of the NAB Naming Test demonstrated sufficient reliability and validity in a large clinical sample; however, their study was limited by a lack of ethnic, racial, and language diversity, all of which can impact scores on naming tests.Method: The present study examined convergent and discriminant validity and internal consistency of the NAB Naming Test in a diverse clinical sample comprised of 225 veterans (87.6% men, 51.1% White/Caucasian, 29.3% bilingual, 64.0% with cognitive impairment). All but three participants identified as White/Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino or Black/African American. These psychometric properties were examined for the overall sample and for monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish) participants separately.Results: As expected, the NAB Naming Test demonstrated sufficient internal consistency and a negatively skewed distribution for the overall sample and monolingual and bilingual participants. Evidence for adequate convergent and discriminative validity was also established for monolingual and bilingual participants separately.Conclusion: In a diverse clinical sample with differing levels of self-reported language status, the NAB Naming Test demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Although it represents a viable option in neuropsychological practice, continued awareness of patient-specific factors that could impact performance is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Messerly
- Psychology Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Janice C Marceaux
- Psychology Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonito, TX, USA
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