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Adhikari P, Li G, Go M, Mandikian D, Rafidi H, Ng C, Anifa S, Johnson K, Bao L, Hernandez Barry H, Rowntree R, Agard N, Wu C, Chou KJ, Zhang D, Kozak KR, Pillow TH, Lewis GD, Yu SF, Boswell CA, Sadowsky JD. On Demand Bioorthogonal Switching of an Antibody-Conjugated SPECT Probe to a Cytotoxic Payload: from Imaging to Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19088-19100. [PMID: 38946086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of cancer aim to achieve selective delivery of a cytotoxic payload to tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. In vivo, multiple tumor-dependent and -independent processes act on ADCs and their released payloads to impact tumor-versus-normal delivery, often resulting in a poor therapeutic window. An ADC with a labeled payload would make synchronous correlations between distribution and tissue-specific pharmacological effects possible, empowering preclinical and clinical efforts to improve tumor-selective delivery; however, few methods to label small molecules without destroying their pharmacological activity exist. Herein, we present a bioorthogonal switch approach that allows a radiolabel attached to an ADC payload to be removed tracelessly at will. We exemplify this approach with a potent DNA-damaging agent, the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, delivered as an antibody conjugate targeted to lung tumor cells. The radiometal chelating group, DOTA, was attached via a novel trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-caged self-immolative para-aminobenzyl (PAB) linker to the PBD, stably attenuating payload activity and allowing tracking of biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice via SPECT-CT imaging (live) or gamma counting (post-mortem). Following TCO-PAB-DOTA reaction with tetrazines optimized for extra- and intracellular reactivity, the label was removed to reveal the unmodified PBD dimer capable of inducing potent tumor cell killing in vitro and in mouse xenografts. The switchable antibody radio-drug conjugate (ArDC) we describe integrates, but decouples, the two functions of a theranostic given that it can serve as a diagnostic for payload delivery in the labeled state, but can be switched on demand to a therapeutic agent (an ADC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Adhikari
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Hanine Rafidi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sagana Anifa
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Linda Bao
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Agard
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail D Lewis
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Jaffry M, Choudhry H, Aftab OM, Dastjerdi MH. Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Ocular Toxicity. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:675-691. [PMID: 37615544 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a growing class of chemotherapeutic agents for the purpose of treating cancers that often have relapsed or failed first- and second-line treatments. ADCs are composed of extremely potent cytotoxins with a variety of side effects, one of the most significant being ocular toxicity. The available literature describes these toxicities as varying in severity and in incidence, although with disparate methods of evaluation and management. Some of the most common toxicities include microcyst-like epithelial keratopathy and dry eye. We discuss proposed mechanisms of ocular toxicity and describe the reports that mention these toxicities. We focus on ADCs with the most published literature and the most significant effects on ocular tissue. We propose areas for further investigation and possible ideas of future management. We provide a comprehensive look at the reports of ADCs in current literature to better inform clinicians on an expanding drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Jaffry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hassaam Choudhry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Owais M Aftab
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mohammad H Dastjerdi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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McInturff EL, France SP, Leverett CA, Flick AC, Lindsey EA, Berritt S, Carney DW, DeForest JC, Ding HX, Fink SJ, Gibson TS, Gray K, Hubbell AK, Johnson AM, Liu Y, Mahapatra S, McAlpine IJ, Watson RB, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved During 2021. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10150-10201. [PMID: 37528515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Each year, new drugs are introduced to the market, representing structures that have affinity for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates, provide insight into molecular recognition and serve as potential leads for the design of future medicines. This annual review is part of a continuing series highlighting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 35 NCEs that were first approved anywhere in the world during 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L McInturff
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Gray
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K Hubbell
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Indrawan J McAlpine
- Genesis Therapeutics, 11568 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 8, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca B Watson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Co-Targeting of BTK and TrxR as a Therapeutic Approach to the Treatment of Lymphoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020529. [PMID: 36830087 PMCID: PMC9952695 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a haematological malignancy representing the most diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtype. Despite the approved chemotherapies available in clinics, some patients still suffer from side effects and relapsed disease. Recently, studies have reported the role of the Trx system and the BCR signalling pathway in cancer development and drug resistance. In this regard, we assessed a potential link between the two systems and evaluated the effects of [Au(d2pype)2]Cl (TrxR inhibitor) and ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) alone and in combination on the cell growth of two DLBCL lymphoma cell lines, SUDHL2 and SUDHL4. In this study, we show higher expression levels of the Trx system and BCR signalling pathway in the DLBCL patient samples compared to the healthy samples. The knockdown of TrxR using siRNA reduced BTK mRNA and protein expression. A combination treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl and ibrutinib had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of lymphoma cell proliferation, the activation of apoptosis, and, depending on lymphoma cell subtype, ferroptosis. Decreased BTK expression and the cytoplasmic accumulation of p65 were observed after the combination treatment in the DLBCL cells, indicating the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Thus, the co-targeting of BTK and TrxR may be an effective therapeutic strategy to consider for DLBCL treatment.
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