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Makino M, Nakayama K, Ando Y, Tauchi K. Characteristics of throwing arm movement for an elongated implement: a comparison of the javelin and baseball throwing. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:532-538. [PMID: 38319648 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In javelin, although many previous studies have examined throwing movements that can increase initial velocity, the characteristics of throwing arm movement an elongated implement have not been clarified. The purpose of the present study was to examine the characteristics of the throwing movement of an elongated implement by comparing throwing movement between a javelin and baseball. METHODS Twelve male javelin throwers were asked to perform a javelin throw (JT) and a baseball long toss (LT) twice. The three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers attached to the athlete's body, javelin, and baseball were measured using an optical motion capture system. %Trajectory was used as an index to evaluate the degree to which the hand was moved linearly during the throw. A smaller value of this indicator meant that the hand was move closer to a straight line. The joint angles in the throwing arm were obtained by calculating the Euler angles between body segments. These data were used to compare JT and LT. RESULTS %Trajectory showed that JT was significantly smaller than LT. Significant differences in the joint angles of the throwing arm were noted between JT and LT. CONCLUSIONS JT showed a kinematic pattern in which the hand was moved more linearly than in baseball long toss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Makino
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan -
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Ando
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Tauchi
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
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Wang Y, Guo J, Tang H, Li X, Guo S, Tian Q. Quantification of soft tissue artifacts using CT registration and subject-specific multibody modeling. J Biomech 2024; 162:111893. [PMID: 38064998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The potential use of gait analysis for quantitative preoperative planning in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has previously been demonstrated. However, the joint kinematic data measured through this process tend to be unreliable for surgical planning due to distortions caused by soft tissue artifacts (STAs). In this study, we developed a novel motion capture framework by combining computed tomography (CT)-based postural calibration and subject-specific multibody dynamics modeling to prevent the effect of STAs in measuring hip kinematics. Three subjects with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome were recruited, and CT data for each patient were collected by attaching marker clusters near the hip. A subject-specific multibody hip joint model was developed based on reconstructed CT data. Spring-dashpot network calculations were performed to minimize the distance between the anatomical landmark and its corresponding infrared reflective marker. The STAs of the thigh was described as six degrees of freedom viscoelastic bushing elements, and their parameter values were identified via smooth orthogonal decomposition. Least squares optimization was used to modify the pelvic rotations to compensate for the rigid components of STAs. The results showed that CT-assisted motion tracking enabled the successful identification of STA influences in gait and squat positions. Furthermore, STA effects were found to alter maximal pelvis tilt and hip rotations during a squat. Compared to other techniques, such as dual fluoroscopic imaging, the adopted framework does not require additional medical imaging for patients undergoing robot-assisted THA surgery and is thus a practical way of evaluating hip joint kinematics for preoperative surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 102208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 102208, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Muscle Force Patterns in Lower Extremity Muscles for Elite Discus Throwers, Javelin Throwers and Shot-Putters - A Case Study. J Hum Kinet 2021; 78:5-14. [PMID: 34025859 PMCID: PMC8120960 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal release variables, as well as the kinematics and kinetics of athletes, are crucial for the maximization of throwing distance in athletics. Mathematical models and simulations allow throwing techniques to be studied. However, muscle force patterns and the contribution of specific muscle groups in athletics throwing events are not well understood and require detailed research. In this study, important variables of the muscle force generated during the javelin, discus and shot put events were determined using OpenSim software. Musculoskeletal simulations were carried out based on kinematic and kinetic data collected using the Vicon system and Kistler plates with the help of nine top Polish athletes (three in each event). OpenSim software was used to calculate muscle forces and joint velocities. For each discipline, it was found that the main muscle groups involved in the throwing movement were better at distinguishing throwers than joint velocities. The contribution of right ankle plantar flexors at the beginning of the final acceleration phase as well as left hip extensors at the end of the final acceleration phase was given special attention. This work provides a better understanding of the techniques used in athletics throws. Musculoskeletal simulations of throwing styles might help coaches analyze the techniques of individual athletes, resulting in better adjustment of training programmes and injury prevention protocols.
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Krzyszkowski J, Kipp K. Prediction of throwing distance in the men's and women's javelin final at the 2017 IAAF world championships. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1055-1059. [PMID: 33427564 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1856462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use regularised regression models to identify the most important biomechanical predictors of throwing distance in elite male (M) and female (F) javelin throwers at the 2017 IAAF world championships. Biomechanical data from 13 male and 12 female javelin throwers who competed at the 2017 IAAF world championships were obtained from an official scientific IAAF report. Regularised regression models were used to investigate the associations between throwing distance and release parameters, whole-body kinematic and joint-level kinematic data. The regularised regression models identified two biomechanical predictors of throwing distances in both M and F javelin throwers: release velocity and knee flexion angle of the support leg at the moment of javelin release. In addition, the length of the delivery stride was an important predictor of throwing distance in M throwers, whereas the javelin's attitude angle and the distance between the whole-body centre of mass and the centre of mass of the back foot at the beginning of the delivery phase were important predictors of throwing distance in F throwers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Krzyszkowski
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kristof Kipp
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Chen Y, Chou YC, Lo TY, Chang WH, Chang JH. Kinematics differences between personal best and worst throws in actual javelin competition. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1697580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Chen
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chou
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yun Lo
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsing Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hao Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Skejø SD, Møller M, Bencke J, Sørensen H. Shoulder kinematics and kinetics of team handball throwing: A scoping review. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 64:203-212. [PMID: 30784891 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years a number of studies have investigated shoulder biomechanics in handball throwing. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the current handball research in terms of shoulder joint kinematics and kinetics and identify gaps in the current research. Nineteen articles relevant to this topic were identified and included. The handball throw is characterized by large external shoulder rotation followed by a rapid internal rotation with minor changes in shoulder flexion and abduction. Generally timing sequence, joint angles and joint velocities were not affected by different conditions such as throwing type, arm position, ball weight and gender. However, large differences in shoulder angles and angular velocities were found between studies, which most likely are explained by methodological differences. Unfortunately, the information provided in the articles did not make it possible to transform measurements from one study to another and thereby eliminate the methodological differences. Only one study reported shoulder kinetics and found that kinetics were not affected by fatigue. This scoping review highlights the need for better descriptions of the methods used to obtain shoulder kinematics and for studies investigating shoulder kinetics in handball throwing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Deisting Skejø
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Merete Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Bencke
- Human Movement Analysis Laboratory & Dep. Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital at Amager-Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Scarborough DM, Bassett AJ, Mayer LW, Berkson EM. Kinematic sequence patterns in the overhead baseball pitch. Sports Biomech 2018; 19:569-586. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1503321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Moxley Scarborough
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ashley J. Bassett
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas W. Mayer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M. Berkson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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