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Anticancer Secondary Metabolites: From Ethnopharmacology and Identification in Native Complexes to Biotechnological Studies in Species of Genus Astragalus L. and Gloriosa L. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3884-3904. [PMID: 36135179 PMCID: PMC9498292 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most effective anticancer compounds are still derived from plants since the chemical synthesis of chiral molecules is not economically efficient. Rapid discovery of lead compounds with pronounced biological activity is essential for the successful development of novel drug candidates. This work aims to present the chemical diversity of antitumor bioactive compounds and biotechnological approaches as alternative production and sustainable plant biodiversity conservation. Astragalus spp., (Fabaceae) and Gloriosa spp. (Liliaceae) are selected as research objects within this review because they are known for their anticancer activity, because they represent two of the largest families respectively in dicots and monocots, and also because many of the medicinally important plants are rare and endangered. We summarized the ethnobotanical data concerning their anticancer application, highlighted the diversity of their secondary metabolites possessing anticancer properties such as saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and revealed the potential of the in vitro cultures as an alternative way of their production. Since the natural supply is limited, it is important to explore the possibility of employing plant cell or organ in vitro cultures for the biotechnological production of these compounds as an alternative.
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Shkondrov A, Krasteva I. Liquid chromatography – high resolution mass spectrometry screening of Astragalus hamosus and Astragalus corniculatus. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e60621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus hamosus and Astragalus corniculatus were examined for the presence of flavoalkaloids, acylated and highly glycosylated flavonoids. Non-purified extracts of the overground parts of the species were subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRESIMS) analysis and the results were compared to authentic reference substances. A flavoalkaloid of kaempferol was newly identified in an extract of A. hamosus. In addition, three compounds – quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids, acylated with hydroxymethylglutaric acid and alcesefoliside, were found in extracts of A. hamosus and A. corniculatus for the first time.
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Huang JW, Du YQ, Li CJ, Yang JZ, Ma J, Zang YD, Chen NH, Zhang DM. Neuroprotective triterpene saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2388-2394. [PMID: 31638430 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1677657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new triterpene saponins, namely notoginsenoside Ng5 (1) and notoginsenoside Ng6 (2) were isolated from the leaves of Panax notoginseng, along with five known ones. Their structures were determined by chemical methods, NMR and X-ray experiments. The absolute configuration of compound 3 with four sugar units was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. Compounds 2-4 and 6 inhibited PC12 cell damage induced by serum deprivation, and increased cell viability from 58.7 ± 6.7% to 66.7 ± 4.5%, 76.1 ± 6.1%, 64.7 ± 5.2% and 67.2 ± 5.0% at 10 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Da Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Shkondrov A, Krasteva I, Bucar F, Kunert O, Kondeva-Burdina M, Ionkova I. A new tetracyclic saponin from Astragalus glycyphyllos L. and its neuroprotective and hMAO-B inhibiting activity. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:511-517. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1491040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf Kunert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Al Sharif M, Alov P, Diukendjieva A, Vitcheva V, Simeonova R, Krasteva I, Shkondrov A, Tsakovska I, Pajeva I. Molecular determinants of PPARγ partial agonism and related in silico/in vivo studies of natural saponins as potential type 2 diabetes modulators. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:47-59. [PMID: 29247773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, which includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, has reached an epidemic-like scale. Saponins and sapogenins are considered as valuable natural products for ameliorating this pathology, possibly through the nuclear receptor PPARγ activation. The aims of this study were: to look for in vivo antidiabetic effects of a purified saponins' mixture (PSM) from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb; to reveal by in silico methods the molecular determinants of PPARγ partial agonism, and to investigate the potential PPARγ participation in the PSM effects. In the in vivo experiments spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with induced T2D were treated with PSM or pioglitazone as a referent PPARγ full agonist, and pathology-relevant biochemical markers were analysed. The results provided details on the PSM modulation of the glucose homeostasis and its potential mechanism. The in silico studies focused on analysis of the protein-ligand interactions in crystal structures of human PPARγ-partial agonist complexes, pharmacophore modelling and molecular docking. They outlined key pharmacophoric features, typical for the PPARγ partial agonists, which were used for pharmacophore-based docking of the main PSM sapogenin. The in silico studies, strongly suggest possible involvement of PPARγ-mediated mechanisms in the in vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of PSM from A. corniculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merilin Al Sharif
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko Alov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Antonia Diukendjieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Vessela Vitcheva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Nikolov S, Momekov G, Kitanov G, Ionkova I, Krasteva I, Toshkova R, Konstantinov S, Nedialkov P, Karaivanova M. Exploitation of the Bulgarian Flora's Biodiversity as a Source of Immunomodulatory and/or Antineoplastic Agents: Current Challenges and Perspectives. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2007.10817497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Yang LP, Shen JG, Xu WC, Li J, Jiang JQ. Secondary Metabolites of the GenusAstragalus:Structure and Biological-Activity Update. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1004-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gülcemal D, Masullo M, Napolitano A, Karayıldırım T, Bedir E, Alankuş-Çalışkan O, Piacente S. Oleanane glycosides from Astragalus tauricolus: isolation and structural elucidation based on a preliminary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 86:184-194. [PMID: 23107778 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our ongoing research for bioactive compounds from Turkish Astragalus species, the investigation of Astragalus tauricolus has been carried out. An approach based on HPLC-ESIMS(n) experiments has been used to profile the triterpene glycosides occurring in the butanol extract of the whole plant. On the basis of the results of the online screening by HPLC-ESIMS(n), 22 oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, including ten compounds never reported before, were isolated, and their structures were established by the extensive use of 1D and 2D-NMR experiments along with ESIMS and HRMS analysis. Noteworthy, cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides, the main constituents of Astragalus spp., were not found. This peculiar feature characterizes a very limited group of Astragalus spp. The antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds 1-12, 15, 17-19 was evaluated against a small panel of cancer cell lines. Only compound 11 showed an IC(50) of 22 μM against human leukemia cell line (U937). The other tested compounds, in a range of concentrations between 1 and 50 μM, did not cause any significant reduction of the cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Gülcemal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Vitcheva V, Simeonova R, Krasteva I, Nikolov S, Mitcheva M. Protective Effects of a Purified Saponin Mixture from Astragalus corniculatus
Bieb., in vivo
Hepatotoxicity Models. Phytother Res 2012; 27:731-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Vitcheva
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University; 2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University; 2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University; 2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Nikolov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University; 2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Mitka Mitcheva
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University; 2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria
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Simeonova RL, Vitcheva VB, Kondeva-Burdina MS, Krasteva IN, Nikolov SD, Mitcheva MK. Effect of purified saponin mixture from Astragalus corniculatus on enzyme- and non-enzyme-induced lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes from spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:346-349. [PMID: 20129766 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the following study was to evaluate the effect of a purified saponin mixture (PSM), isolated from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. (Fabaceae), on enzyme-induced and non-enzyme-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO), in liver microsomes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) - strain Okamoto Aoki, as compared to normotensive Wistar rats (NTRs). The enzyme-induced lipid peroxidation was performed by incubating rat liver microsomes with carbonetetrachloride (CCl(4)) in the presence of NADPH. In nonenzyme-induced LPO, the microsomes were incubated with a solution of iron sulphate and ascorbinic acid (Fe(2+)/AA). The effect of PSM (196.5 microg/ml) was assessed at 20 minutes' incubation time. MDA, a product of LPO, was measured spectrophotometrically. The results of our study showed that the initial MDA quantity in SHRs was significantly higher, than in NTRs. The incubation of the microsomes from both strains with PSM (196.5 microg/ml), resulted in significant reduction of MDA level, by 25% in SHRs. In NTRs, the formation of MDA was unchanged. In enzyme-induced LPO model, PSM significantly decreased the formation of MDA, by 55% in NTRs and by 35% in SHRs, compared to the respective control groups. In the model of non-enzyme induced LPO, PSM significantly decreased the formation of MDA by 95% in NTRs and practically restored it to the control level. The MDA quantity in SHR's microsomes was reduced by 25%. According to the results of this experiment we could conclude that PSM, isolated from Astragalus corniculatus, shows antioxidant activity both in SHRs and NTRs and the effect in NTRs is more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Simeonova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 574 references are cited.
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