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Wu S, Yang Y, Qin Y, Deng X, Zhang Q, Zou D, Zeng Q. Cichorium intybus L. is a potential Cd-accumulator for phytoremediation of agricultural soil with strong tolerance and detoxification to Cd. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131182. [PMID: 36921417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identifying suitable plants for phytoremediation of Cd (cadmium) contaminated agricultural soil is critical. In this study, whether chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) qualified as an ideal accumulator for phytoremediation was investigated. The hydroponic and pot experiments showed that Cd concentration in chicory leaves exceeded 100 mg kg-1 (BCF >1, TF >1) with 40 mg kg-1 Cd in pot; No significant effects on chicory growth, leaf protein and physiological and biochemical aspects when treated with ≤ 20 μM or 40 mg kg-1 Cd, because chicory could relieve Cd toxicity by increasing activities of photoprotection mechanisms, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system and concentrations of functional groups in plant tissues. In field experiment, 16.2 and 26.6 t ha-1 of chicory leaves was harvested in winter and summer, respectively. The highest Cd concentration in leaves was close to 25.0 mg kg-1 (BCF >1, TF >1) from the acid soil with 0.980 mg kg-1 Cd. Over 320 g ha-1 Cd was extracted from soil by harvesting chicory leaves both in winter and summer, with 9.24% and 12.9% of theoretical phytoremediation efficiency. Therefore, chicory can be as an ideal Cd-accumulator for phytoremediation of slight-to-moderate Cd-contaminated agricultural soil in any season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjun Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yongbo Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiao Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiuguo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, China
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Żabicka J, Żabicki P, Słomka A, Sliwinska E, Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska M, Nowak T, Migdałek G, Kwiatkowska M, Kuta E. Re-introduction of an extinct population of Pulsatilla patens using different propagation techniques. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14321. [PMID: 35995918 PMCID: PMC9395332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on the propagation of a rare and endangered plant species (Pulsatilla patens) to re-introduce an extinct population from calamine area in Southern Poland. The plants were propagated from seeds, rhizome cuttings, or regenerated in vitro from shoot tips, hypocotyls with roots or cotyledons of seedlings on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25 or 0.50 mg L-1 BAP (Benzylaminopurine) via direct and indirect organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (SE). The most efficient micropropagation method was with shoot tips as an explant on MS + 0.25 mg L-1 BAP where 97% of the explants produced multiple shoots, mass SE was observed after transfer on ½ MS with 2% saccharose; 267 (35%) shoots rooted on ½ MS + 2% saccharose were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Flow cytometry revealed genome size stability of propagated plantlets. Low genetic differentiation between micropropagated plantlets and initial material was indicated by ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Totally, 132 vigorous plantlets obtained on various pathways were introduced to the field plots in 2020; 30.33% survived the winter, and several reached the generative stage and flowered in the spring 2021. In next season (March/April 2022) the number of introduced plants decreased to 25% while the number of flowering and fruiting shoots in different clumps increased in some plots. This is the first report of successful re-introduction of the endangered P. patens based on micropropagation, rhizome cuttings, and seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Żabicka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Żabicki
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego Ave. 7, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Teresa Nowak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Migdałek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2 Podchorążych St., 30-084, Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Kwiatkowska
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Cracow, Poland
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O'Donohue B, Hiti-Bandaralage J, Gleeson M, O'Brien C, Harvey MA, van der Ent A, Pinto Irish K, Mitter N, Hayward A. Tissue culture tools for selenium hyperaccumulator Neptunia amplexicaulis for development in phytoextraction. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:28. [PMID: 35927534 PMCID: PMC9352830 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neptunia amplexicaulis is an herbaceous legume endemic to the Richmond area in central Queensland, Australia and is one of the strongest known Selenium hyperaccumulators on earth, showing significant potential to be utilised in Se phytoextraction applications. Here a protocol was established for in vitro micropropagation of Se hyperaccumulator N. amplexicaulis using nodal segments from in vitro-germinated seedlings. Shoot multiplication was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg L-1) alone or in combination with low levels of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg L-1), with 2.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.2 mg L-1 NAA found to be most effective. Elongated shoots were rooted in vitro using NAA, with highest root induction rate of 30% observed at 0.2 mg L-1 NAA. About 95% of the in vitro rooted shoots survived acclimatization. Clonally propagated plantlets were dosed with selenate/selenite solution and assessed for Se tissue concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and found to retain their ability to hyperaccumulate. The protocol developed for this study has potential to be optimised for generating clonal plants of N. amplexicaulis for use in research and phytoextraction industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy O'Donohue
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Madeleine Gleeson
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris O'Brien
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maggie-Anne Harvey
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine Pinto Irish
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neena Mitter
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice Hayward
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Sychta K, Słomka A, Sliwinska E, Migdałek G, Kuta E. From cells highly tolerant to Zn and Pb to fully fertile plants - Selection of tolerant lines with in vitro culture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:231-237. [PMID: 31765954 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viola arvensis cells were selected after treatment with Zn or Pb and regenerated into plants likely to have higher tolerance levels than the initial plant. The surviving cells in the suspension treated with 2000 μM of Zn, 2000 μM of Pb or 0 μM for 72 h were maintained on a solidified half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ to induce divisions and organogenesis. The adventitious shoots obtained were rooted on a half-strength MS medium with 1 mg L-1 IBA. Regenerants derived from the Zn- and Pb-treated cells were vigorous and fully fertile. The in vitro conditions and metal impact generated a low genome alteration and overall low genetic diversity of regenerants compared to the initial plant and plants from the natural population. The cells of regenerants obtained after Pb treatment represented an approximately 12% higher tolerance level to Pb than the cells of the initial plant. This is the first report of plant regeneration from highly tolerant cells selected by heavy metal treatment. Regenerants successfully obtained in vitro could be considered as a source material for the recultivation of areas polluted with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sychta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, 9 Gronostajowa Str, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, 9 Gronostajowa Str, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Prof. S. Kaliskiego Ave 7, 85-789, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Migdałek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2 Podchorążych Str, 30-084, Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, 9 Gronostajowa Str, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
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Shu H, Zhang J, Liu F, Bian C, Liang J, Liang J, Liang W, Lin Z, Shu W, Li J, Shi Q, Liao B. Comparative Transcriptomic Studies on a Cadmium Hyperaccumulator Viola baoshanensis and Its Non-Tolerant Counterpart V. inconspicua. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1906. [PMID: 30999673 PMCID: PMC6515270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Viola plants growing in mining areas exhibit high levels of cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation, and thus are ideal organisms for comparative studies on molecular mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation. However, transcriptomic studies of hyperaccumulative plants in Violaceae are rare. Viola baoshanensis is an amazing Cd hyperaccumulator in metalliferous areas of China, whereas its relative V. inconspicua is a non-tolerant accumulator that resides at non-metalliferous sites. Here, comparative studies by transcriptome sequencing were performed to investigate the key pathways that are potentially responsible for the differential levels of Cd tolerance between these two Viola species. A cascade of genes involved in the ubiquitin proteosome system (UPS) pathway were observed to have constitutively higher transcription levels and more activation in response to Cd exposure in V. baoshanensis, implying that the enhanced degradation of misfolded proteins may lead to high resistance against Cd in this hyperaccumulator. Many genes related to sucrose metabolism, especially those involved in callose and trehalose biosynthesis, are among the most differentially expressed genes between the two Viola species, suggesting a crucial role of sucrose metabolism not only in cell wall modification through carbon supply but also in the antioxidant system as signaling molecules or antioxidants. A comparison among transcriptional patterns of some known transporters revealed that several tonoplast transporters are up-regulated in V. baoshanensis under Cd stress, suggesting more efficient compartmentalization of Cd in the vacuoles. Taken together, our findings provide valuable insight into Cd hypertolerance in V. baoshanensis, and the corresponding molecular mechanisms will be useful for future genetic engineering in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fuye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Jieliang Liang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weihe Liang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiliang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wensheng Shu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Jintian Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Bin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Advancement in protocol for in vitro seed germination, plant regeneration and cryopreservation of Viola cornuta. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 30622855 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a fast, reliable and true-to-type protocol for in vitro plant regeneration and long-term storage of horned pansy (Viola cornuta L). Seed germination over 60% was recorded after 12 weeks of growth at 10 °C or 4 °C. Calli formation and shoot induction were obtained in petiole and hypocotyl culture on half-strength MS mineral salts with full concentration of Na-FeEDTA and vitamins (½MS medium) with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 2.0 mg/L) and leaf culture on ½MS medium with thidiazuron (TDZ,1.0 mg/L). The highest frequency of adventitious shoot induction (50%) with six shoots/explant was achieved in hypocotyl culture from top hypocotyl segments, close to epicotyl which was grown 8 weeks at 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod. Subsequent shoot multiplication was achieved on ½MS medium with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 mg/L). Rooting of shoots was obtained on ½MS medium with low concentration (0.1 mg/L) of auxins: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or NAA, or without growth regulators. In vitro-derived plantlets were acclimatized under greenhouse conditions. All plants developed normally, bloomed and set seeds. Shoot tips were cryopreserved succssefully using modified plant vitrification 3 (PVS3-based vitrification procedure). Cold acclimation for 2 weeks significantly improved shoot regrowth (64%) after thawing in comparison to non-acclimated shoots (39%). Clonal fidelity of regenerated plantlets at ploidy level was confirmed by chromosome counting. The presented protocol can be useful for mass propagation, genetic transformation studies and long-term storage of valuable Viola spp.
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Zhang J, Li J, Huang Z, Yang B, Zhang X, Li D, Craik DJ, Baker AJM, Shu W, Liao B. Transcriptomic screening for cyclotides and other cysteine-rich proteins in the metallophyte Viola baoshanensis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 178:17-26. [PMID: 25756919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins (CRPs) are frequently associated with plant defense and stress resistance. Viola baoshanensis is a cadmium (Cd) hyper-accumulating plant whose CRPs-based defense systems are so far poorly understood. Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques and a specialist searching tool, CrpExcel, were employed for identifying CRPs in V. baoshanensis. The transcriptome sequences of V. baoshanensis were assembled primarily from 454FLX/Hiseq2000 reads of plant cDNA sequencing libraries. CrpExcel was then used to search the ORFs and 9687 CRPs were identified, and included zinc finger (ZF) proteins, lipid transfer proteins, thaumatins and cyclotide precursors. Real-time PCR results showed that all CRP genes tested are constitutively expressed, but the genes of defensive peptides showed greater up-regulated expression than those of ZF-proteins in Cd- and/or wounding (Wd) treatments of V. baoshanensis seedlings. The NGS-derived sequences of cyclotide precursor genes were verified by RT-PCR and ABI3730 sequencing studies, and 32 novel cyclotides were identified in V. baoshanensis. In general, the metal-binding sites of ZF-containing CRPs also represented the potential vulnerable targets of toxic metals. This study provides broad insights into CRPs-based defense systems and stress-vulnerable targets in V. baoshanensis. It now brings the number of cyclotide sequences in V. baoshanensis to 53 and based on projections from this work, the number of cyclotides in the Violaceae is now conservatively estimated to be >30000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou 510006, China; Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jintian Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zebo Huang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dehua Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - David J Craik
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Alan J M Baker
- The University of Melbourne, School of Botany, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Wensheng Shu
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bin Liao
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kuta E, Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska M, Cieślak E, Rostański A, Szczepaniak M, Migdałek G, Wąsowicz P, Suda J, Combik M, Słomka A. Morphological versus genetic diversity of Viola reichenbachiana and V. riviniana (sect. Viola, Violaceae) from soils differing in heavy metal content. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:924-934. [PMID: 24400923 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Morphological characters, AFLP markers and flow cytometry were used to investigate the morphological and genetic variability and differentiation of Viola reichenbachiana and V. riviniana in non-metallicolous (NM) and metallicolous (M) populations. The aims were to clarify the taxonomic status of plants occurring in ore-bearing areas, to determine any relationship in V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana from sites not polluted with heavy metals, and to examine the genetic variability and differentiation of M and NM populations of both species. Multivariate analyses based on morphological characters showed significant differences between V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana from non-polluted sites, high levels of intra- and inter-population variability, and the occurrence of inter-specific hybrids. Plants from M populations showed hybrid characters but also fell within the range of V. riviniana or V. reichenbachiana. There were no significant differences in relative genome size between plants from polluted areas and V. riviniana from NM populations. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure based on AFLP markers distinguished two main groups: V. reichenbachiana and V. riviniana together with the M populations. That analysis also revealed the occurrence of populations of inter-specific hybrids from non-polluted areas. Further Bayesian analysis of V. riviniana including NM and M populations separated all the studied M populations from NM populations. We conclude that plants forming the M populations are well adapted to a metal-polluted environment, and could be considered as stabilised introgressive forms resulting from unidirectional (asymmetric) introgression toward V. riviniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kuta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Zhong WL, Li JT, Chen YT, Shu WS, Liao B. A study on the effects of lead, cadmium and phosphorus on the lead and cadmium uptake efficacy of Viola baoshanensis inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:2497-504. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30333g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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