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Sun Y, Chen C, Mustieles V, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang YX, Messerlian C. Association of Blood Trihalomethane Concentrations with Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in U.S. Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9043-9051. [PMID: 34152769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water chlorination can lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts, including trihalomethanes (THMs). However, few epidemiologic studies have explored associations between THM exposure and mortality. This study included 6720 adults aged ≥40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012 who had blood THM concentrations quantified. A higher risk of all-cause mortality was found across increasing quartile concentrations of blood chloroform (TCM) and total THMs (TTHMs; sum of all four THMs) (both p for trend = 0.02). Adults in the highest quartile of TCM and TTHM concentrations had hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.35 (95% confidence intervals: 1.05-1.74) and 1.37 (1.05-1.79), respectively, for all-cause mortality, compared with adults in the lowest quartile. When cause-specific mortality was evaluated, a positive relationship was found between blood bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), bromoform (TBM), total brominated THMs (Br-THMs; sum of BDCM, DBCM, and TBM), and TTHM concentrations and risk of cancer death and between blood TCM and TTHMs and risk of other cause (noncancer/nonheart disease) mortality. Our findings suggest that higher exposure to Br-THMs was associated with increased cancer mortality risk, whereas TCM was associated with a greater risk of noncancer/nonheart disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), 18010 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Sun X, Chen M, Wei D, Du Y. Research progress of disinfection and disinfection by-products in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:52-67. [PMID: 30975330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Lots of studies on disinfection and DBPs have been performed in the world since 1974. Although related studies in China started in 1980s, a great progress has been achieved during the last three decades. Therefore, this review summarized the main achievements on disinfection and DPBs studies in China, which included: (1) the occurrence of DBPs in water of China, (2) the identification and detection methods of DBPs, (3) the formation mechanisms of DBPs during disinfection process, (4) the toxicological effects and epidemiological surveys of DBPs, (5) the control and management countermeasures of DBPs in water disinfection, and (6) the challenges and chances of DBPs studies in future. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and reference for optimizing disinfection process, reducing DBPs formation and protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Qurie M, Awad L, Kanan A. THMs Precursor Removal Efficiency from Different Wastewater Treatment Technologies Effluents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2018.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El-Tawil AM. Colorectal cancers and chlorinated water. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:402-9. [PMID: 27096035 PMCID: PMC4824718 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Published reports have revealed increased risk of colorectal cancers in people exposed to chlorinated drinking water or chemical derivatives of chlorination. Oestrogen plays a dual positive functions for diminishing the possibilities of such risk by reducing the entrance, and increasing the excretion, of these chemicals. In addition, there are supplementary measures that could be employed in order to reduce this risk further, such as boiling the drinking water, revising the standard concentrations of calcium, magnesium and iron in the public drinking water and prescribing oestrogen in susceptible individuals. Hypo-methylation of genomic DNA could be used as a biological marker for screening for the potential development of colorectal cancers.
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Parbery G, Tivey D, McArthur A. Epidemiological association between chlorinated water and overall risk of cancer: A systematic review. JBI LIBRARY OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2012; 10:1-14. [PMID: 27820291 DOI: 10.11124/01938924-201210561-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parbery
- 1. Gordon Parbery, BSc, Post Graduate Diploma Human Nutrition and Dietetics, MSc Clinical Science Candidate, The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia. Australia 5005. 2. The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA5005
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