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Tran HM, Lai CH, Chen WL, Wang CC, Liang CW, Chien CY, Pan CH, Chuang KJ, Chuang HC. Effects of occupational exposure to metal fume PM 2.5 on lung function and biomarkers among shipyard workers: a 3-year prospective cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:401-412. [PMID: 38480609 PMCID: PMC10999385 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the associations of α1-antitrypsin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH4), and 8-isoprostane with lung function in shipyard workers exposed to occupational metal fume fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is known to be associated with adverse respiratory outcomes. METHODS A 3-year follow-up study was conducted on 180 shipyard workers with 262 measurements. Personal exposure to welding fume PM2.5 was collected for an 8-h working day. Pre-exposure, post-exposure, and delta (∆) levels of α1-antitrypsin, ITIH4, and 8-isoprostane were determined in urine using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Post-exposure urinary metals were sampled at the beginning of the next working day and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lung function measurements were also conducted the next working day for post-exposure. RESULTS An IQR increase in PM2.5 was associated with decreases of 2.157% in FEV1, 2.806% in PEF, 4.328% in FEF25%, 5.047% in FEF50%, and 7.205% in FEF75%. An IQR increase in PM2.5 led to increases of 42.155 µg/g in ∆α1-antitrypsin and 16.273 µg/g in ∆ITIH4. Notably, IQR increases in various urinary metals were associated with increases in specific biomarkers, such as post-urinary α1-antitrypsin and ITIH4. Moreover, increases in ∆ α1-antitrypsin and ∆ITIH4 were associated with decreases in FEV1/FVC by 0.008% and 0.020%, respectively, and an increase in ∆8-isoprostane resulted in a 1.538% decline in FVC. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that urinary α1-antitrypsin and ITIH4 could indicate early lung function decline in shipyard workers exposed to metal fume PM2.5, underscoring the need for better safety and health monitoring to reduce respiratory risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Minh Tran
- Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Public Health, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Liang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hong Pan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Lab (ITRL), School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Gupta S. Risk of lung cancer among welders and flame cutters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case controlled studies. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:1279-1287. [PMID: 37802714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The process of flame-cutting and welding is believed to be highly hazardous for workers involved in related industries. The study aims to provide a comprehensive quantitative effect of the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to welding fumes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to extract published estimates of Odd's Ratio (OR) of the association of lung cancer and exposure to welding fumes, till 2022. Studies were extracted from the PubMed and Cochrane database and Google Scholar. Studies from all parts of the world were considered. Through a meta-analysis conducted with random effects model, a forest plot was created, and publication bias was checked using a funnel plot. RESULTS The meta-analysis yielded an OR of 1.28 (95% CI 1.055-1.55), with a moderately high heterogeneity between the studies [I2=72%; T2=0.0524;Q=36.12(P<0.001)]. The sensitivity and influence analysis confirmed the absence of highly influential studies that may have led to potentially distorted outcomes. The funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias among the studies included in this analysis. CONCLUSION As the association between lung cancer and occupational hazards from exposure to welding fumes is certain, there is a need to control and regulate industrial activities that involve welding and flame cutting. Already, restrictions on safe levels of fume in the workplace are in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptorshi Gupta
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India.
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Rafiee A, Laskar I, Quémerais B. Investigating the field effectiveness of respirators against metal particle exposure in various workplaces: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:201-210. [PMID: 33991467 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Welders are exposed to high levels of metal fumes, which could be resulting in various health impairments. Respirators became a practical protective option in workplaces, as they are lightweight and easy to use. This systematic review attempts to explore the field effectiveness of using respirators to reduce metal particle exposure in workplaces. We reviewed papers published from 1900 to April 2019 in five major bibliographic databases, including Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL, along with organizational websites to cover gray literature. In total, 983 references were identified from the databases, out of which, 520 duplicates were removed from the EndNote database. The remaining 463 references were screened for their title and abstract. Out of 463, 70 references went through the full-text screening. Finally, eight papers, including 19 workplace respirator studies, satisfied all the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in this report. The geometric means for metal levels in workers' breathing zone with and without respirators were 9.4 and 1,777 µg/m3 for iron, 1.1 and 139 µg/m3 for lead, 2.1 and 242 µg/m3 for zinc, and 27 and 1,398 µg/m3 for manganese oxide, respectively. Most reviewed studies reported significant differences between measured metal particle levels among workers who worn respirators and who did not. In addition, results showed that N95 provided significantly less protection than elastomeric half facepieces, full-face respirators, and powered air-purifying respirators (p<0.001). More field studies are recommended to investigate Workplace Protection Factor (WPF) and fit factor (FF) of different respirators to understand the actual protection levels that they could be provided to control welding fume exposure among welders in various workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Imranul Laskar
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Fleck ADS, Debia M, Ryan PE, Couture C, Traub A, Evans GJ, Suarthana E, Smargiassi A. Assessment of the Oxidative Potential and Oxidative Burden from Occupational Exposures to Particulate Matter. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:379-391. [PMID: 34595509 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) is a toxicologically relevant metric that integrates features like mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM). Although it has been extensively explored as a metric for the characterization of environmental particles, this is still an underexplored application in the occupational field. This study aimed to estimate the OP of particles in two occupational settings from a construction trades school. This characterization also includes the comparison between activities, sampling strategies, and size fractions. Particulate mass concentrations (PM4-Personal, PM4-Area, and PM2.5-Area) and number concentrations were measured during three weeks of welding and construction/bricklaying activities. The OP was assessed by the ascorbate assay (OPAA) using a synthetic respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF), while the oxidative burden (OBAA) was determined by multiplying the OPAA values with PM concentrations. Median (25th-75th percentiles) of PM mass and number concentrations were 900 (672-1730) µg m-3 and 128 000 (78 000-169 000) particles cm-3 for welding, and 432 (345-530) µg m-3 and 2800 (1700-4400) particles cm-3 for construction. Welding particles, especially from the first week of activities, were also associated with higher redox activity (OPAA: 3.3 (2.3-4.6) ρmol min-1 µg-1; OBAA: 1750 (893-4560) ρmol min-1 m-3) compared to the construction site (OPAA: 1.4 (1.0-1.8) ρmol min-1 µg-1; OBAA: 486 (341-695) ρmol min-1 m-3). The OPAA was independent of the sampling strategy or size fraction. However, driven by the higher PM concentrations, the OBAA from personal samples was higher compared to area samples in the welding shop, suggesting an influence of the sampling strategy on PM concentrations and OBAA. These results demonstrate that important levels of OPAA can be found in occupational settings, especially during welding activities. Furthermore, the OBAA found in both workplaces largely exceeded the levels found in environmental studies. Therefore, measures of OP and OB could be further explored as metrics for exposure assessment to occupational PM, as well as for associations with cardiorespiratory outcomes in future occupational epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan da Silveira Fleck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Eddy Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Couture
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison Traub
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg J Evans
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CRHSCM), 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Reference Ranges of 8-Isoprostane Concentrations in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113822. [PMID: 32481492 PMCID: PMC7311981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes are physiopathologic mediators of oxidative stress, resulting in lipid peroxidation. 8-isoprostane seems particularly useful for measuring oxidative stress damage. However, no reference range values are available for 8-isoprosante in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of healthy adults, enabling its meaningful interpretation as a biomarker. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the protocol following PROSPERO (CRD42020146623). After searching and analyzing the literature, we included 86 studies. After their qualitative synthesis and risk of bias assessment, 52 studies were included in meta-analysis. The latter focused on studies using immunological analytical methods and investigated how the concentrations of 8-isoprostane differ based on gender. We found that gender had no significant effect in 8-isoprostane concentration. Among other studied factors, such as individual characteristics and factors related to EBC collection, only the device used for EBC collection significantly affected measured 8-isoprostane concentrations. However, adjustment for the factors related to EBC collection, yielded uncertainty whether this effect is due to the device itself or to the other factors. Given this uncertainty, we estimated the reference range values of 8-isoprostane stratified by gender and EBC collection device. A better standardization of EBC collection seems necessary; as well more studies using chemical analytical methods to extend this investigation.
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Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072552. [PMID: 32276440 PMCID: PMC7177922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Welding fumes (WFs) are composed of fine and ultrafine particles, which may reach the distal airways and represent a risk factor for respiratory diseases. (2) Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies to understand WFs pathogenesis were selected. Epidemiological studies, original articles, review, and meta-analysis to examine solely respiratory disease in welders were included. A systematic literature search, using PubMed, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center (NIOSHTIC), and Web of Science databases, was performed. (3) Results: Dose, time of exposure, and composition of WFs affect lung injury. Inflammation, lung defense suppression, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxic effects were observed after exposure both to mild and stainless steel WFs. (4) Conclusions: The detection of lung diseases associated with specific occupational exposure is crucial as complete avoidance or reduction of the exposure is difficult to achieve. Further studies in the area of particle research may aid the understanding of mechanisms involved in welding-related lung disease and to expand knowledge in welding-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Gliga AR, Taj T, Hedmer M, Assarsson E, Rylander L, Albin M, Broberg K. Mild steel welding is associated with alterations in circulating levels of cancer-related proteins. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3535-3547. [PMID: 31641807 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes were recently classified as carcinogenic to humans and worldwide millions work as welders or perform welding operations. The purpose of this study was to identify new biomarkers of welding-induced carcinogenesis. We evaluated a panel of 91 putative cancer-related proteins in serum in a cohort of welders working with mild steel (n = 77) and controls (n = 94) from southern Sweden sampled on two occasions 6-year apart using a longitudinal analysis (linear mixed models). The significant results from the longitudinal analysis were tested for reproducibility in welders (n = 88) and controls (n = 69) sampled once during the same sampling period as timepoint 1 or timepoint 2 (linear regression models), i.e., in a cross-sectional setting. The models were adjusted for age, body-mass index, and use of snus. All study participants were non-smokers at recruitment. Exposure to welding fumes was assessed using questionnaires and respirable dust measurement in the breathing zone that was adjusted for personal respiratory protection equipment. The median respirable dust in welders was 0.7 (0.2-4.2) and 0.5 (0.1-1.9) mg/m3 at the first and second timepoints, respectively. We identified 14 cancer-related proteins that were differentially expressed in welders versus controls in the longitudinal analysis, out of which three were also differentially expressed in the cross-sectional analysis (cross-sectional group). Namely, syndecan 1 (SDC1), folate receptor 1 (FOLR1), and secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) were downregulated, in welders compared with controls. In addition, FOLR1 was negatively associated with years welding. Disease and function analysis indicated that the top proteins are related to lung cancer as well as cell invasion and migration. Our study indicates that moderate exposure to welding fumes is associated with changes in circulating levels of putative cancer-related proteins, out of which FOLR1 showed a clear dose-response relationship. It is, however, unclear to which extent these changes are adaptive or potential early biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda R Gliga
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tahir Taj
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedmer
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Influence of smoking on levels of urinary 8-iso Prostaglandin F2α. Toxicol Rep 2018; 6:18-25. [PMID: 30519530 PMCID: PMC6260378 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking affects oxidative stress markers such as 8-iso prostaglandin F2α. The effect of smoking on urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels was meta-analyzed. Urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels were increased in smokers.
Background To evaluate the reduced-risk potential of alternative tobacco products, biomarkers that are involved in the biological pathways affected by cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are needed. Isoprostanes, a measure of oxidative stress, appear to be influenced by smoking and reversible upon smoking cessation and therefore could be a good biomarker. This review aims at quantifying the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on levels of urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), an isoprostane. Methods PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for publications that reported 8-epi-PGF2α levels in smokers and nonsmokers as well as articles reporting the effect of smoking cessation on 8-epi-PGF2α levels. Results Eighteen studies assessing 8-epi-PGF2α levels by smoking status were identified. Five of the papers reported the results as quantity excreted in 24-hour urine (μg/24 h), and 15 reported creatinine adjusted values. The meta-analyses show increased levels of 8-epi-PGF2α in current smokers compared with nonsmokers (mean difference = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.14–0.19 μg/24 h with inconsistency statistic [I2] = 98%; mean difference = 172.38, 95%CI: 152.75–192.01 pg/mg creatinine with I2 = 89%, respectively). There were too few publications to perform a meta-analysis assessing the effects of smoking cessation on 8-epi-PGF2α levels. Conclusions Due to the high heterogeneity among the studies included in these meta-analyses, it is difficult to generalize the results; however, our study indicates increased levels of 8-epi-PGF2α and therefore increased oxidative stress in smokers compared with nonsmokers. More studies are still needed to assess if 8-epi-PGF2α levels are reversible after cessation.
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Marie-Desvergne C, Dubosson M, Touri L, Zimmermann E, Gaude-Môme M, Leclerc L, Durand C, Klerlein M, Molinari N, Vachier I, Chanez P, Mossuz VC. Assessment of nanoparticles and metal exposure of airport workers using exhaled breath condensate. J Breath Res 2016; 10:036006. [PMID: 27409350 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aircraft engine exhaust increases the number concentration of nanoparticles (NP) in the surrounding environment. Health concerns related to NP raise the question of the exposure and health monitoring of airport workers. No biological monitoring study on this profession has been reported to date. The aim was to evaluate the NP and metal exposure of airport workers using exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a non-invasive biological matrix representative of the respiratory tract. EBC was collected from 458 French airport workers working either on the apron or in the offices. NP exposure was characterized using particle number concentration (PNC) and size distribution. EBC particles were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Multi-elemental analysis was performed for aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) EBC contents. Apron workers were exposed to higher PNC than administrative workers (p < 0.001). Workers were exposed to very low particle sizes, the apron group being exposed to even smaller NP than the administrative group (p < 0.001). The particulate content of EBC was brought out by DLS and confirmed with SEM-EDS, although no difference was found between the two study groups. Cd concentrations were higher in the apron workers (p < 0.001), but still remained very low and close to the detection limit. Our study reported the particulate and metal content of airport workers airways. EBC is a potential useful tool for the non-invasive monitoring of workers exposed to NP and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marie-Desvergne
- University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 France. Medical Biology Laboratory (LBM), NanoSafety Platform (SPNS), CEA, 17 rue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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Raulf M, Weiss T, Lotz A, Lehnert M, Hoffmeyer F, Liebers V, Van Gelder R, Udo Käfferlein H, Hartwig A, Pesch B, Brüning T. Analysis of inflammatory markers and metals in nasal lavage fluid of welders. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:1144-1157. [PMID: 27924706 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1221370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes may produce adverse health effects in the respiratory tract. To assess the relationship between exposure to welding fumes and inflammation in the upper airways, 190 male welders were examined from the WELDOX study (median age 40 yr, 54.7% smokers, and 32.9% atopics). Inhalable welding fumes were collected in the breathing zone of welders during a single shift. Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were measured in the welding-fume samples and in postshift nasal lavage fluid (NALF). In addition, the numbers of particles and inflammatory biomarkers, including total and differential cell counts, interleukin (IL)-8, leukotriene (LT) B4, 8-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, were determined. Metal concentrations in NALF correlated with airborne concentrations. No significant association was found between airborne metal concentrations and biomarkers of inflammation in NALF, whereas increasing metal concentrations in NALF resulted in increased concentrations of total protein, IL-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. LTB4 and 8-iso PGF2α were elevated at higher concentrations of Cr or Ni in NALF. The same was true for Fe, although the effects were less pronounced and of borderline significance. In conclusion, our results showed a significant association between the concentrations of metals and soluble inflammatory markers in the NALF of welders. The noninvasive collection of NALF is applicable in field studies, where it may serve as a suitable matrix to simultaneously assess biomarkers of exposure and effect in the upper respiratory tract in workers who are occupationally exposed to airborne hazardous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raulf
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Anne Lotz
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Martin Lehnert
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmeyer
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Verena Liebers
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Rainer Van Gelder
- b Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA) , Sankt Augustin , Germany
| | - Heiko Udo Käfferlein
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- c Technische Universität Berlin, Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie , Berlin , Germany
- d Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, IAB, Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Beate Pesch
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
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The ordinary work environment increases symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:1131-40. [PMID: 25744592 PMCID: PMC4608979 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to follow diary-registered symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders and relate them to different exposure measures. Furthermore, we would clarify the influence of possible effect modifiers. Methods
Non-smoking welders with (N = 74) and without (N = 32) work-related symptoms the last month were enroled. Symptoms and work tasks each day for three two-week periods during 1 year were obtained. Respirable dust (RD) was measured 1 day each period for each worker. The personal daily exposure was assessed as: (1) days at work, (2) welding time and (3) estimates of RD from welding and grinding, calculated from diary entries and measurements. Results Only 9.2 % of the particle measurements exceed the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL; 5 mg/m3). Days at work increased the risk of symptoms studied: eyes: 1.79 (1.46–2.19), nasal: 2.16 (1.81–2.58), dry cough: 1.50 (1.23–1.82) and wheezing and/or dyspnoea: 1.27 (1.03–1.56; odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval). No clear dose–response relationships were found for the other exposure estimates. Eye symptoms increased by number of years welding. Nasal symptoms and dry cough increased having forced expiratory volume in first second below median at baseline. Wheezing and/or dyspnoea increased in winter, by number of years welding, having a negative standard skin-prick test and having a vital capacity above median at baseline. Conclusion The current Swedish OEL may not protect welders against eye and airway symptoms. The results add to the evidence that welders should be offered regular medical surveillance from early in the career.
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Evaluation of Airway Inflammation in Compost Workers Exposed to Bioaerosols Using Exhaled Breath Condensate and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 858:57-67. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Haluza D, Moshammer H, Hochgatterer K. Dust is in the Air. Part II: Effects of Occupational Exposure to Welding Fumes on Lung Function in a 9-Year Study. Lung 2013; 192:111-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li X, Zhang Z, Tao L, Gao M. Sensitive and selective chemiluminescence assay for hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate using nanoparticle-based catalysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 107:311-316. [PMID: 23434559 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic properties of cubiform Co3O4 nanoparticles, α-Fe2O3 nanorods, and NiO nanoparticles were studied using both microarray method and FI-CL method. These nanoarticles exhibit high specific catalytic effects on the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of the luminol-H2O2 system in alkaline solution compared with other common catalysts. A reaction mechanism is described. It provides new insights into the application of nanoparticle materials. The CL method based on the use of the Co3O4 nanoparticles is ultrasensitive and particularly selective. Therefore, it was applied to the analysis of H2O2 which can be determined in the concentration range from 1.0 nM to 1000 nM, with a detection limit of 0.3 nM. The relative standard deviation is 2.1% at 0.1 μM of H2O2 (for n=11). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace quantities of H2O2 in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) where it is a mediator of oxidative stress and a promising biomarker for diagnosing. The assay requires a small sample and no incubation time, and has an analytical runtime of <1 min. It is timesaving and suitable for larger studies. The levels of H2O2 in EBC are found to be elevated in healthy subjects (average=0.54 nM), rheum subjects (average=0.24 nM), and feverish subjects (average=0.16 nM). Our data suggested that the average H2O2 concentration of EBC from feverish subjects was significantly higher than healthy subjects and rheumatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, China
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