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Isatin Counteracts Diethylnitrosamine/2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Male Wistar Rats by Upregulating Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Detoxification Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040699. [PMID: 35453384 PMCID: PMC9027254 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents around 85% of all known types of liver cancers and is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The current study assessed the preventive efficacy of isatin on diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of DENA (150 mg/kg/week) for two weeks, followed by oral 2-AAF (20 mg/kg) every other day for three successive weeks. Oral isatin or vehicle (control) was administered at 25 mg/kg for 20 weeks during and following HCC induction. Isatin ameliorated the deleterious effects of DENA/2-AAF on liver function as evidenced by reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and liver tumor biomarkers (CA19.9 and AFP) compared to control DENA/2-AAF-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated that isatin-mediated protection against hepatocarcinogenesis was accompanied by a decline in hepatic lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase expression. Isatin treatment also upregulated expression of the major stress-response transcription factor Nrf2 and the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase and glutathione-S-transferase alpha 2 and downregulated expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. Moreover, isatin significantly reduced the DENA/2-AAF-induced decrease in hepatic expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and the DENA/2-AAF-induced increases in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factors (TNF-α, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, p53, and caspase 3). Thus, it can be concluded that isatin may protect against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification mechanisms, in part through upregulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Vasconcelos NG, Vaz MSM, Radai JAS, Kassuya CAL, Formagio ASN, Graciani FS, Leal ML, Oliveira RJ, da Silva KE, Croda J, Simionatto S. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against carbapenem-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and in vivo toxicological assessment. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:719-729. [PMID: 32981476 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1824135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of multidrug-resistant strains has prompted the scientific community to explore novel sources of chemicals with antimicrobial activity. The aim of the study was to examine the antimicrobial activity in vitro of 28 extracts against carbapenem-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, individually and in combination with antibiotics and in vivo toxicological assessment of the most active product. The multi-resistant K. pneumoniae strain was submitted for phenotypic and molecular characterization. The antibacterial activity of 28 plant extracts was evaluated alone and in combination with antibiotics against this strain through the agar disk diffusion. Of these, 16 extracts showed synergism against carbapenem-producing K. pneumoniae, being that B. crassifolia extract exhibited synergism with three antibiotics. Based on this assessment, B. crassifolia-extract-induced toxicity on Swiss male mice was evaluated by administering this extract and subsequently determining apoptosis and splenic phagocytosis using the comet and micronucleus assays. The results of this study showed that B. crassifolia extract had synergistic activity promising and groups treated with B. crassifolia exhibited no genotoxic or mutagenic activity, indicating that B. crassifolia extract exerted beneficial effects and appeared safe to use at the studied concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaebler Vasconcelos
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Mattos Vaz
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joyce Alencar Santos Radai
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Graciani
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Lorenza Leal
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Kesia Esther da Silva
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julio Croda
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Fundação Osvaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) , Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Laboratório De Pesquisa Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Da Grande Dourados - UFGD , Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
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2-Aminophenones, a common precursor to N-aryl isatins and acridines endowed with bioactivities. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rashad AA, Neyts J, Leyssen P, Keller PA. A reassessment of mycophenolic acid as a lead compound for the development of inhibitors of chikungunya virus replication. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fogaça MV, Cândido-Bacani PDM, Benicio LM, Zapata LM, Cardoso PDF, de Oliveira MT, Calvo TR, Varanda EA, Vilegas W, de Syllos Cólus IM. Effects of indirubin and isatin on cell viability, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and BAX/ERCC1 gene expression. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2005-2014. [PMID: 28738722 PMCID: PMC7011876 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1354387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Indigofera suffruticosa Miller (Fabaceae) and I. truxillensis Kunth produce compounds, such as isatin (ISA) and indirubin (IRN), which possess antitumour properties. Their effects in mammalian cells are still not very well understood. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the activities of ISA and/or IRN on cell viability and apoptosis in vitro, their genotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo, and the IRN- and ISA-induced expression of ERCC1 or BAX genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS HeLa and/or CHO-K1 cell lines were tested (3 or 24 h) in the MTT, Trypan blue exclusion, acridine orange/ethidium bromide, cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) and comet (36, 24 and 72 h) tests after treatment with IRN (0.1 to 200 μM) or ISA (0.5 to 50 μM). Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR in HeLa cells. Swiss albino mice received IRN (3, 4 or 24 h) by gavage (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg determined from the LD50 - 1 g/kg b.w.) and submitted to comet assay in vivo. RESULTS IRN reduced the viability of CHO-K1 (24 h; 5 to 200 μM) and HeLa cells (10 to 200 μM), and was antiproliferative in the CBMN test (CHO-K1: 0.5 to 10 μM; HeLa: 5 and 10 μM). The drug did not induce apoptosis, micronucleus neither altered gene expression. IRN and ISA were genotoxic for HeLa cells (3 and 24 h) at all doses tested. IRN (100 and 150 mg/kg) also induced genotoxicity in vivo (4 h). CONCLUSION IRN and ISA have properties that make them candidates as chemotherapeutics for further pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Viar Fogaça
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Milanez Benicio
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lara Martinelli Zapata
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tamara Regina Calvo
- Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Araraquara Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
- Experimental Campus of the Paulista Coast, São Paulo State University, São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:38-42. [PMID: 29032106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity during ischaemia and renal venous norepinephrine levels after reperfusion play important roles in the development of ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of isatin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on renal venous norepinephrine levels, superoxide production after reperfusion, and ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Ischaemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury was accomplished by clamping the left renal artery and vein for 45min, followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after contralateral nephrectomy. Renal superoxide production and norepinephrine overflow were elevated and significant renal tissue damage was observed following ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Intravenous injection of isatin (10mg/kg) at 5min before ischaemia increased the renal venous plasma norepinephrine level after reperfusion and aggravated ischaemia/reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction and histological damage. The excessive superoxide production after reperfusion was significantly suppressed by isatin administration, indicating that the inhibition of oxidative deamination effectively suppressed superoxide production. These data suggest that the exacerbation effect of isatin is associated, at least in part, with increased norepinephrine levels but not with superoxide production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isatin involvement in the pathogenesis and/or development of acute kidney injury.
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Ju SM, Jang HJ, Kim KB, Kim J. High-Throughput Cytotoxicity Testing System of Acetaminophen Using a Microfluidic Device (MFD) in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:1063-1072. [PMID: 26241707 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1068650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a microfluidic device (MFD) that integrates several lab functions into a single chip of only millimeters in size. LOC provides several advantages, such as low fluidic volumes consumption, faster analysis, compactness, and massive parallelization. These properties enable a microfluidic-based high-throughput drug screening (HTDS) system to acquire cell-based abundant cytotoxicity results depending on linear gradient concentration of drug with only few hundreds of microliters of the drug. Therefore, a microfluidic device was developed containing an array of eight separate microchambers for cultivating HepG2 cells to be exposed to eight different concentrations of acetaminophen (APAP) through a diffusive-mixing-based concentration gradient generator. Every chamber array with eight different concentrations (0, 5.7, 11.4, 17.1, 22.8, 28.5, 34.2, or 40 mM) APAP had four replicating cell culture chambers. Consequently, 32 experimental results were acquired with a single microfluidic device experiment. The microfluidic high-throughput cytotoxicity device (μHTCD) and 96-well culture system showed comparable cytotoxicity results with increasing APAP concentration of 0 to 40 mM. The HTDS system yields progressive concentration-dependent cytotoxicity results using minimal reagent and time. Data suggest that the HTDS system may be applicable as alternative method for cytotoxicity screening for new drugs in diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Ju
- a Department of Biomedical Science , Dankook University Graduate School, Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- b College of Pharmacy , Dankook University, Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- b College of Pharmacy , Dankook University, Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Kim
- a Department of Biomedical Science , Dankook University Graduate School, Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
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Thermodynamics of solubility of isatin in Carbitol+water mixed solvent systems at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shakeel F, Haq N, Iqbal M, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA. Measurement, Correlation, and Thermodynamics of Solubility of Isatin in Nine Different Green Solvents at (298.15 to 338.15) K. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING DATA 2015; 60:801-805. [DOI: 10.1021/je501036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Shakeel
- Deanship
of Scientific Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Deanship
of Scientific Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Shakeel F, Haq N, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA. Thermodynamics of solubility of isatin in (PEG 400+water) mixed solvent systems at T=(298.15 to 338.15)K. THE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 2015; 82:156-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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Ma Z, Hou L, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Song J. The endogenous oxindole isatin induces apoptosis of MCF‑7 breast cancer cells through a mitochondrial pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2111-7. [PMID: 25174967 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin is an endogenous indole in mammalian tissues and fluids that is expected to have antitumor effects in human breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were exposed to isatin at various concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 µmol/l) for 48 h. Apoptotic features were demonstrated by nuclei staining with Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were analyzed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Bcl-2, Bax, the inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD), and cytochrome c protein were analyzed by western blot analysis. Apoptosis, caspase-9 and -3 activation and mitochondrial depolarization were assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that isatin induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression was decreased and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was significantly decreased by isatin. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was markedly decreased and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol was elevated following treatment with isatin. At the same time, caspase-9 and -3 were stimulated, followed by the degradation of ICAD, a caspase-3 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Yanpin Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Jinlian Song
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
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Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxigenase-2 by Isatin: a molecular mechanism of protection against TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 209:48-55. [PMID: 24316276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isatin, an indole alkaloid has been shown to have anti-microbial, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to its findings, we evaluated whether this alkaloid would have any effect on TNBS-induced colitis. Animals (male Unib:WH rats, aged 8 weeks old) were induced colitis through a rectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid using a catheter inserted 8 cm into the rectum of the animals. The rats were divided into two major groups: non-colitic and colitic. The colitic group was sub-divided into 6 groups (10 animals per group): colitic non-treated, Isatin 3; 6; 12.5; 18.75 and 25 mg/kg. Our main results showed that the oral treatment with Isatin 6 and 25 mg/kg were capable of avoiding the increase in TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE₂ levels when compared to the colitic non-treated group. Interestingly, the same doses (6 and 25 mg/kg) were also capable of preventing the decrease in IL-10 levels comparing with the colitic non-treated group. The levels of MPO, (an indirect indicator of neutrophil presence), were also maintained lower than those of the colitic non-treated group. Isatin also prevented the decrease of SOD activity and increase of GSH-Px and GSH-Rd activity as well as the depletion of GSH levels. In conclusion, both pre-treatments (6 and 25 mg/kg) were capable of protecting the gut mucosa against the injury caused by TNBS, through the combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which, together, showed a protective activity of the indole alkaloid Isatin.
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